Wireless Myths Realities &

FuturesFrom 3G/4G to Optical

& Quantum WirelessLajos Hanzo et. al.

Hello!Fragiadakis Giorgos

gfragi@gmail.com

Assignment for “Wireless and Mobile Communication Systems” Fall Semester 2014

Professor Dimitrakopoulos Georgios

1.Trends &

MotivationThe existing era in wireless systems

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Wireless Generations1

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▣ 1980s Global System Communications (GSM) EU

○ At first 8 users/carrier were supported in TDMA scheme

▣ Cell size reduced because of increased pathloss

200kHz 900kHz 2GHz

35Km 0,8Km

Reason why cellular capacity has to be increased5

International Telecommunications Union

Wireless Generations2

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▣ Shannon's channel capacity formula

▣ Efficient technique of increasing throughput

▣ Capacity doesn’t tend to infinity

Channel Capacity

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▣ Growth of population smartphone & tablet

▣ Data Traffic might be 1000 times higher in 2020

2.Limitations of

Existing Standards

Quantify the achievable performance

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Cellular Systems Investigation

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● In 3G/4G systems there is a gap between Shannon

capacity and measured throughput.

● This gap considered as system losses

○ Channel State Information loss (CSI)

○ Design loss

○ Implementation loss

● Systems were examined

○ WiMAX (stationary, low-mobility users)

○ HSDPA (mode of UMTS)

○ LTE & LTE-A (Advanced) “..we will rely on simulations..”

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Relative throughput losses

WiMAXSISO

LTE 4x4 antennas MIMO

LTE 8x8 antennas MIMO

▣ Designing loss is permanent

▣ Differentially encoded schemes may offer up

to 14% higher throughput at the same SNR.

▣ Increasing the number of antennas the

measured efficiency decreases.

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Potential Means for Improvements

3.Optical Wireless

CommunicationsIntroduction to Optical Wireless

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Optical domainbe exploited for high-rate information

transmission in support of flawless short-range telepresence services

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Cell d

ivisi

on &

wav

elen

gth

Throughput wavelength/frequency

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Optical vs RF

RF Wireless Optical Wireless

Link Margin

Signal Confinement

Spectrum Availability

Ability to control radiation patterns

Propagation

Interface with fixed network

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Further research

▣ Combination with RF wireless gives best

overall network for the user

▣ The lighting infrastructure can be reused

▣ At higher carrier frequencies, there may be a

crossover frequency between their domains

▣ OW systems simply operate by modulating

the visible light

4.Quantum

Solutions in Wireless Systems

Quantum-AssistedQuantum-Based

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‘’ The traveler has to obey strange new rules if he/she would like to pass through the nanoworld.

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Particle or wave?19

microsoft.com/stationQ

0 or 1 or BOTH?20

microsoft.com/stationQ

Together getting bigger21

microsoft.com/stationQ

Quantum Information Highlights

▣ Capacity of a quantum channel could exceed

today’s expectations

▣ More secure protocols than the currently

applied ones

▣ Extra computing power

▣ Shannon's entropy H(p) has to be replaced by

so-called quantum entropy S(p)

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second

last

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Today

Tomorrow

Our grandkids??

Reca

p

Thanks!Any questions?

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