cấu trúc viết lại câu trong tiếng anh28 Tháng 6

các động từ theo sau là V-ing, to_verb hoặc V-bare

- Theo sau tất cả trợ từ (động từ khiếm khuyết): can, could, will,shall, would, may, might, ought to, must, had better, would like to, needn’t, would rather, would sooner, be supposed to là những động từ không “chia”, V-bare

2- Những động từ theo sau la “to verb” co 2 trường hợp:2.a- [cong thức: S+V+to V]: afford, appear, ask, bear, begin, choose, decide, expect, forget, hate, hesitate, intend, like, manage, neglect, prefer, pretend, propose, regret, seem, swear, try, wish, agree, arrange, attempt, beg, care, consent, determine, fail, happend, help, hope, learn, love, mean, offer, prepare, promise, refuse, remember, start, trouble, want, would like prefer.

2.b- [cong thức: S+V+O+to V]: advise, ask, be, command, encourage, forbid, get, help, intend, leave, mean, oblige, permit, prefer, recommend, remind, tell, allow, bear, cause, compel, expect, force, hate, instruct, invite, like, need, order, persuade, press, request, teach, tempt, trouble, warn, want, wish.

3- Theo sau bởi “V-ing”: admit, advise, allow, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, confess, consider, deny, delay, detest, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, face, fancy, finish, give up, imagine, invlolve, justify, keep on, leave off, mention, mind, miss, permit, postpone, quit, recommend, resent, resist, resume, risk, save, tolerate, suggest, recollect, stop, pardon, can’t resist, can’t stand, can’t help, understandngoai ra theo sau: be worth, it is no use, there is no, it is no good cũng là V-ing

4- Những động từ theo sau gồm cả “to verb” & “V-ing”:advise, attempt, commence, begin, allow, cease, continue, dread, forget, hate, intend, leave, like, love, mean, permit, prefer, propose, regret, remember, start, study, try, can’t bear, recommend, need, want, require.Đa số những động từ trên khi theo sau la “to verb” hoặc “V-ing” sẽ co nghĩa khác nhau.

Cấu trúc viết lại câu trong tiếng anh

1. S + be + adj + prep = S + V + adv2. S + V + adv = S + V + with + N3. S + remember + to do Sth = S + don’t forget + to do Sth4. S + be + adj = What + a + adj + N!5. S + V + adv = How + adj + S + be6. S + V + adv = How + adv + S + V!7. S + be + ing-adj = S + be +ed-adj8. S + V = S + be + ed-adj9. S + V + Khoảng thời gian = It + take + (sb) + Khoảng thời gian + to + V

10. S + be + too + adj + to + V = S + be + so + adj + that + S + can’t + V11. S + V + too + adv + to + V = S + V + so + adv + that + S + can’t + V12. S + be + so + adj + that + S + V = S + be + not + adj + enough + to + V13. S + be + too + adj + to + V = S + be + not + adj + enough + to + V14. S + V + so + adv + that + S + V = S + do/does/did + not + V + adv + enough + to + V15. Because + clause = Because of + noun/gerund16. Although + clause = In spite of + Nound/gerund17. Although + clause = Despite + Nound/gerund18. S + V + N = S + be + adj19. S + be + adj = S + V + O20. S + be accustomed to + Ving = S + be used to +Ving /N21. S + often + V = S + be used to +Ving /N22. This is the first time + S + have + PII = S+be + not used to + Ving/N23. S + would prefer = S + would rather S + Past subjunctive (lối cầu khẩn)24. S + like … better than … = S + would … than …25. S + prefer = S + would rather + V26. S + V + O = S + find + it (unreal objective) + adj + to + V27. It’s one’s duty to do sth = S + be + supposed to do sth28. S + be + PII + to + V = S + be + supposed to do sth29. Imperative verb (mệnh lệnh)= S + should (not) + be + PII30. Imperative verb (mệnh lệnh)= S + should (not) + do sth

Chào các em !

Như các em đã biết chia động từ là một trong những vấn đề rắc rối mà các em luôn gặp phải trong quá trình học tiếng Anh, nắm nững kiến thức chia động từ không những giúp các em làm được các bài tập về chia động từ trong ngoặc mà còn giúp các em tự tin khi viết câu. Trứoc khi vào nội dung chính các em cần nắm vững một nguyên tắc căn bản nhất trong tiếng Anh là : CÓ CHỦ TỪ THÌ ĐỘNG TỪ CHIA THÌ, KHÔNG CÓ CHỦ TỪ THÌ ĐỘNG TỪ KHÔNG CHIA THÌ mà phải chia dạngXem ví dụ sau:when he saw me he (ask) me (go) outXét động từ ask : nhìn phía trước nó có chủ từ he vì thế ta phải chia thì – ở đây chia thì quá khứ vì phía trước có sawXét đến động từ go, phía trước nó là me là túc từ nên không thể chia thì mà phải chia dạng – ở đây là to go, cuối cùng ta có w hen he saw me he a sked me to go out Về vấn đề chia thì chắc các em cũng đã nắm cơ bản rồi. Hôm nay tôi muốn cùng các em đi sâu vào vấn đề chia dạng của động từ .Động từ một khi không chia thì sẽ mang 1 trong 4 dạng sau đây :- bare inf (động từ nguyên mẩu không có to )- to inf ( động từ nguyên mẫu có to )- Ving (động từ thêm ing )- P.P ( động từ ở dạng past paticiple ) Vậy làm sao biết chia theo dạng nào đây ? Ta tạm chia làm 2 mẫu khi chia dạng :

1) MẪU V O V

Là mẫu 2 động từ đứng cách nhau bởi 1 túc từCông thức chia mẫu này như sau :Nếu V1 là : MAKE , HAVE (ở dạng sai bảo chủ động ), LETthì V2 là BARE INFVí dụ:I make him goI let him go

Nếu V1 là các động từ giác quan như : HEAR, SEE, FEEL, NOTICE, WATCH, OBSERVE…thì V2 là Ving (hoặc bare inf ) Ví dụ:I see him going / go outNgoài 2 trường hợp trên chia to inf

2) MẪU V VLà mẫu 2 động từ đứng liền nhau không có túc từ ở giữaCách chia loại này như sau: Nếu V1 là :KEEP, ENJOY, AVOID, ADVISE, ALLOW, MIND, IMAGINE, CONSIDER, PERMIT, RECOMMEND, SUGGEST, MISS, RISK, PRACTICE, DENY, ESCAPE, FINISH, POSTPONE, MENTION, PREVENT, RECALL, RESENT, UNDERSTAND,ADMIT, RESIST, APPRECIATE, DELAY, EXPLAIN, FANCY, LOATHE, FEEL LIKE, TOLERATE, QUIT, DISCUSS, ANTICIPATE, PREFER, LOOK FORWARD TO, CAN’T HELP, CAN’T STAND, NO GOOD, NO USEThì V2 là VingVí dụ:He avoids meeting me

3) RIÊNG CÁC ĐỘNG TỪ SAU ĐÂY VỪA CÓ THỂ ĐI VỚI TO INF VỪA CÓ THỂ ĐI VỚI VING TÙY THEO NGHĨA

STOP+ Ving :nghĩa là dừng hành động Ving đó lạiVí dụ:I stop eating (tôi ngừng ăn )+ To inf : dừng lại để làm hành động to inf đóVí dụ:I stop to eat (tôi dừng lại để ăn )

FORGET, REMEMBER+ Ving : Nhớ (quên) chuyện đã làmI remember meeting you somewhere last year (tôi nhớ đã gặp bạn ở đâu đó hồi năm ngóai )+ To inf :Nhớ (quên ) để làm chuyện gì đó

Ví dụ:Don’t forget to buy me a book : đừng quên mua cho tôi quyển sách nhé (chưa mua ,)

REGRET+ Ving : hối hận chuyện đã làmI regret lending him the book : tôi hối hận đã cho anh ta mượn quyển sách+ To inf : lấy làm tiếc để …… Ví dụ:I regret to tell you that …( tôi lấy làm tiếc để nói với bạn rằng …) – chưa nói – bây giờ mới nói

TRY+ Ving : nghỉa là thửVí dụ:I try eating the cake he makes ( tôi thử ăn cái bánh anh ta làm )+ To inf : cố gắng để … Ví dụ:I try to avoid meeting him (tôi cố gắng tránh gặp anh ta )

NEED , WANTNEED nếu là động từ đặc biệt thì đi với BARE INF Ví dụ:I needn’t buy it ( need mà có thể thêm not vào là động từ đặc biệt )NEED là động từ thường thì áp dụng công thức sau : Nếu chủ từ là người thì dùng to infVí dụ:I need to buy it (nghĩa chủ động )Nếu chủ từ là vật thì đi với Ving hoặc to be P.P

Ví dụ:The house needs repairing (căn nhà cần được sửa chửa ) The house needs to be repaired4) MEANMean + to inf : Dự địnhVí dụ:I mean to go out (Tôi dự định đi chơi )Mean + Ving :mang ý nghĩaVí dụ:Failure on the exam means having to learn one more year.( thi rớt nghĩa là phải học thêm một năm nữa)5) GO ONGo on + Ving : Tiếp tục chuyện đang làmAfter a short rest, the children go on playing (trước đó bọn chúng đã chơi )After finishing the Math problem, we go on to do the English exercises (trước đó làm toán bây giờ làm tiếng Anh )6) các mẫu khácHAVE difficulty /trouble / problem + VingWASTE time /money + VingKEEP + O + VingPREVENT + O + Ving

FIND + O + VingCATCH + O + Ving

HAD BETTER + bare inf.

7) Các trường hợp TO + Ving

Thông thường TO đi với nguyên mẫu nhưng có một số trường hợp TO đi với Ving ( khi ấyTO là giới từ ), sau đây là một vài trường hợp TO đi với Ving thường

gặp : Be/get used to

Look forward

to Object to

Accustomed to

Confess to

Nguyên tắc chung cần nhớ

là : Although/ though +

mệnh đề Despite / in spite

of + cụm từ

Các công thức biến đổi từ mệnh đề sang cụm từ như sau:

1) Nếu chủ từ 2 mệnh đề giống nhau:

- Bỏ chủ từ ,động từ thêm ING .

Although Tom got up late, he got to school on time.

=> Despite / in spite of getting up late, Tom got to school on time.

1) Nếu chủ từ là danh từ + be + tính từ

- Đem tính từ đặt trứoc danh từ ,bỏ to be

Although the rain is heavy,…….

=> Despite / in spite of the heavy rain, ……

3) Nếu chủ từ là đại từ + be + tính từ :

- Đổi đại từ thành sỡ hửu ,đổi tính từ thành danh từ ,bỏ be

Although He was sick,……..

=> Despite / in spite of his sickness,…….

4) Nếu chủ từ là đại từ + động từ + trạng từ

- Đổi đại từ thành sở hữu, động từ thành danh từ ,trạng từ thành tính từ đặt trước danh từ

Although He behaved impolitely,…..

=> Despite / in spite of his impolite behavior ,………

Như thế câu trên của bạn, nếu dùng In spite of thì sẽ viết lại như sau: ” In spite of playing well, the team lost”

1. S + be + adj + prep = S + V + adv

Eg: My students are very good at Mathematics.-> My students study Mathematics well.

2. S + remember + to do Sth = S + don’t forget + to do Sth

-> I remember to have a Maths test tomorrowI don't forget to have a Maths test tomorrow.

3. It + be + adj = What + a + adj + N!

-> It was an interesting film. What an interesting film.

4. S + V + adv = How + adj + S + be ...

-> She washes clothes quicklyHow quick she is to wash clothes.

7. S + be + ing-adj = S + be +ed-adj

8. S + V = S + be + ed-adj

9. S + V + Khoảng thời gian = It + take + (sb) + Khoảng thời gian + to + V

She have learned English for 5 years.-> It take her 5 year to learn English.

10. S + be + too + adj + (for s.o) + to + V = S + be + so + adj + that + S + can’t + V

-> The water is too hot for Peter to drink. The water is so hot that Peter can't drink

11. S + V + too + adv + to + V = S + V + so + adv + that + S + can’t + V

12. S + be + so + adj + that + S + V = S + be + not + adj + enough + to + V

13. S + be + too + adj + to + V = S + be + not + adj + enough + to + V

14. S + V + so + adv + that + S + V = It + V + such + (a/an) + N(s) + that + S +V

-> He speaks so soft that we can’t hear anything. He does not speak soft• So ….that….Cấu trúc: S + tobe + so + adj + that + a clauseS + verb + so + adv + that + a clauseVí dụ:The exercise is so difficult that I can’t do it. => it is such a difficult exercise that I can’t do itThe food is so hot that we can’t eat it.He spoke so quickly that I can’t hear him. The bus drives so fast that they can’t catch it.• Such…that…Cấu trúc:S/it + tobe + such + (a/an)+ adj + noun + that + a clause S/it + verb + such + (a/an) + adj + noun + that + a clause Ví dụ:it is such a difficult exercise that we can’t do it.We bought such a modern car that we couldn’t dream.Chú ý: nếu danh t ừ l à không đếm được thì không dùng “a/an” This is such difficult homework that we can’t

finish it.He invested such much money that we couldn’t imagine.

15. Because + clause = Because of + noun/gerundBecause she is absent her from school...-> Because of her absence from school...16. Although + clause = In spite of + Nound/gerund

17. Although + clause = Despite + Nound/gerund

18. S + V + N = S + be + adj

19. S + be + adj = S + V + O

20. S + be accustomed to + Ving = S + be used to +Ving /N

21. S + often + V = S + be used to +Ving /N

-> Nana often cried when she meets with difficulties. Nana is used to crying when she meets with difficulties

22. This is the first time + S + have + PII = S+be + not used to + Ving/N

-> This is the first time I have seen so many people crying at the end of the movie. I was not used to seeing so many people crying at the end of the movie.

23. S + would prefer = S + would rather S + Past subjunctive (lối cầu khẩn)

24. S + like sth/doing sth better than sth/doing sth = S + would rather + V + than + V = S +prefer sth/doing sth to sth/doing sth...

-> I prefer going shoping to playing volleyball. I would rather go shoping than play volleyball.

26. S + V + O = S + find + it (unreal objective) + adj + to + V

27. It’s one’s duty to do sth = S + be + supposed to do sth

28. S + be + PII + to + V = S + be + supposed to do sth

29. Imperative verb (mệnh lệnh)= S + should (not) + be + PII

30. Imperative verb (mệnh lệnh)= S + should (not) + do sth

31. S + like sth = S + be + fond of + sth

-> I like do collecting stamps. I'm fond of collecting stamps.

32. I + let + O + do sth = S + allow + S.O + to do Sth

-> My boss let him be on leave for wedding. My boss allow him to be on leave for wedding.

33. S + once + past verb = S + would to + do sth.

34. S + present verb (negative) any more = S + would to + do sth.

35. S + V + because + S + V = S + V + to + infinitive

-> She studies hard because she wants to pass the final examination. She studies hard to pass the final examination.

36. S + V + so that/ in order that+ S + V = S + V + to + infinitive

38. To infinitive or gerund + be + adj = It + be + adj + to + V

39. S + V + and + S + V = S + V + both ... and

40. S + V + not only ... + but also = S + V + both ... and

41. S + V + both ... and ... = S + V + not only ... but also...

-> He translated fast and correctly.He translated not only fast but also correctly.

44. S1+simple present+and+S2+simple futher =If+S1 + simple present + S2 + simple futher.

45. S1+didn’t + V1 + Because + S2 + didn’t + V2 = If Clause

46. Various facts given = Mệnh đề if thể hiện điều trái ngược thực tế.

47. S1 + V1 + if + S2 + V2(phủ định)= S1 + V1 + Unless + S2 + V2 (khẳng định)

48. S + V + O = S + be + noun + when + adj clause.

49. S + V + O = S + be + noun + where + adj clause.

50. S + V + O = S + be + noun + whom + adj clause.

51. S + V + O = S + be + noun + which + adj clause.

52. S + V + O = S + be + noun + that + adj clause.

56. S + V + if + S + V (phu dinh) = S + V + unless + S + V (khang dinh)

57. S + be + scared of sth = S + be + afraid of + sth

58. Let’s + V = S + suggest + that + S + present subjunctive

59. In my opinion = S + suggest + that + S + present subjunctive

(quan điểm của tôi)

60. S + advise = S + suggest + that + S + present subjunctive

61. Why don’t you do sth? = S + suggest + that + S + present subjunctive

62. S + get + sb + to do sth = S + have + sb + do sth

-> She gets him to spend more time with her. She have him spend more time with her.

63. S + aks + sb + to do sth = S + have + sb + do sth

-> Police asked him to identify the other man in the next room. Police have him identify the other man in the next room.

64. S + request + sb + to do sth= S + have + sb + do sth

-> The teacher request students to learn by heart this poem. The teacher have students laern by heart this poem.

65. S + want + sb + to do sth = S + have + sb + do sth

-> I want her to lend meI have her lend me.

66. S + V + no + N = S + be + N-less

-> She always speaks no care.She is always careless about her words.

68. S + be + adj + that + S + V = S + be + adj + to + V

-> Study is necessary that you will get a good life in the future. Study is necessary to get a good life in the future.

1, S + have + never + P2 + such + adj + NounThis + be + superlative adj + noun + S + have+ ever + P2

2. S + have+ never + P2 + comparative adj + nounS + Be + superlative adj + S + have + ever+

P2

1, I has never seen such a beautiful building--> It's the most beautiful building that I have ever seen2, I have never read such a romantic story---> It's the most romantic story that I have ever read3, They had never had such a cold winter---> It's the coldest winter that they had ever had4, You will never meet anyone more dangerous than Mrs Jones---> Mrs Jones is the most dangerous person that you will ever meet5, Man has never had such efficient servants as computer---> Computer are the most efficient servants that man has ever had

1. S+ prefer s.o to s.o : thích cái j/ ai đó hơn cái j/ ai đóS + prefer Ving to Ving : thích làm j hơn làm j<=> S like..N..better than ..N.... <=> S like+ Ving +rather than +Ving2. one's my favorite hobby is...... <=> S like..........best.3. S1+ be+ the Adj / most Adj + ( N)+ Phạm vi so sánh<=> No one/ Nobody/ Nothing+ PVSS + be n't as + Adj + as+ S14 . Cấu trúc so sánh bằng ( ko bằng). S1+ be+ as+ Adj+ as + S2 <=> S1+ be+ the same as/ the same N as+S25. S1+ be n't+ the same as S2 <=> S1+ be+ different from+ S2

6. Cấu trúc chuyên câu với " used to "S+ used to+ V <=> S+ usually+ Ved <=> S+ don't/ doesn't+ V+O+ now/ every more.7. S+ wish(es)+........ <=> if only+ S+ ...doesn't... <=> if ( type 2)8. Cấu trúc S+ not only......+ but aslo......<=> S + both... and....9. Cấu trúc với becausebecause+ clause <=> Because+ N/G , clause10. S+ have/ has+ not + PP + O since.(for)....... <=> S+ last+ Ved.+ O...+ thời gian....+ ago..11. It's age+ since+ clause( past ) <=> S have/ has+ PP+ for.....12. S + started / began + Ving/ to + V + ........ <=> S + have /has + PP ( PP ko la started / began )13. S + have never + PP+..... + before <=> This is the first time +S + have / has+PP14. S + have/ has n't + PP + since .+ thời gian <=> the last time S + Ved ........ was +thời gian15. S+ have/ has n't+ PP+ for......... <=> the last time S+ Ved.....+ was......ago16. S+ have/ has n't+ PP+ O.... for+.... <=> It's+ khoảng thời gian+ since+ thì HTHT17.S+ have/ has never+ PP+ such( a/an )+ Adj+ N<=> This/ It is the most + N+ S have/ has + ( ever)+ PPEX : i have never read such an interresting book <=> It's the most interesting book i have never reạd:lightbulb:18. S have/ has+ never+ PP....+ hình thức so sánh hơn của tính tù+ N<=> It's/ this's+ the+ hình thức so sánh hơn Í của Adj+ S have/ has+ ever+ PPEX : i have never played a better game <=> It/ This is the best game i have ever played19. S1+ have/ has never+ PP+ hình thức so sánh hơn+ N+ than + S2<=> S2 + be+ hình thức so sánh hơn Í+ N+ S+ have/ has+ PP EX : She has never read more interesting book than this one<=> This book is the most interesting book she has read20. It take/ took s.o + time+ to Vo <=> S + spend/ waste/save + time/ money/...+ Ving/ on+ N.21. If + S+ ben't/ don't/ doesn't / can't +........ , clause<=> Unless+ S+V+ O , clause

SAY TO + Object <=> TELL / ASK / ...+ PRONOUN / NOUN / + (NOT) TO -INFINITIVE

1/ She said : "Close the door and go away !"= > She told me to close the door and go away. ( Cô ấy bảo tôi đóng cửa lại và đi chỗ khác)

2/ Nam said to his brother : "Don't turn of the radio"= > Nam told his brother not to turn of the radio( Nam bảo em trai cậu ấy đừng tắt radio )

Phương pháp : sưu tập và làm càng nhiều mẫu câu càng tốt, sau đó đọc đi đọc lại nhiều lần cho thuộc lòngMột số dạng bài cơ bản1.It takes sb khoảng thời gian to do sth= sb spend khoảng thời gian doing sthVD: it took her 3 hours to get to the city centre.= she spent 3 hours getting to the city centre.2. Understand = tobe aware ofVD: do you understand the grammar structure?= are you aware of the grammar structure?3. Like = tobe interested in = enjoy = keen onVD: she likes politics = she is interested in politics4.Because + clause = because of + NVD: he can’t move because his leg was broken= he can’t move because of his broken leg

Một số dạng bài cơ bản

5. Although + clause = despite + N = in spite of + N VD: although she is old, she can compute very fast= Despite / In spite of her old age, she can compute very fast

6.Succeed in doing sth = manage to do sthVD: we succeeded in digging the Panama cannel= we managed to dig the Panama cannel

Các mẫu câu thường gặp7. Cấu trúc : …..too + adj (for sb) to do sth : quá để làm gìVD: my father is too old to driveso + adj + that Clause = it is such a/ an N that: quá đến nỗi màVD: she is so beautiful that everybody loves her.= it is such a beautiful girl that everybody loves her. Adj/ Adv + enough (for sb) to do sth: đủ để làm gì VD: This car is enough safe for him to driveVD: The policeman ran quickly enough to catch the robberMột số dạng bài cơ bản8.Cấu trúc : prefer sb to do sth = would rather sb Vpast sth: thích, muốn ai làm gìVD: I’prefer you (not) to smoke here

I’d rather you (not) smoked here

9.Prefer doing sth to doing sth : thích làm gì hơn làm gìWould rather do sth than do sthVD: She prefers staying at home to going outShe’d rather stay at home than go out

10. Can = tobe able to = tobe possibleVD: he can’t walk on his foot He isn’t able to walk on his foot He is unable to walk on his footHe is impossible to walk on his foot

11. Harly + had +S + Vpp when S + Vpast: ngay sau khi ..thi… No sooner + had +S + Vpp than S + VpastVD: As soon as I left the house, he appearedHarly had I left the house when he appearedNo sooner had I left the house than he appeared

12.Not………..any more : không còn nữaNo longer + dạng đảo ngữS no more VVD: I don’t live in the courtryside anymoreNo longer do I live in the coutrysideI no more live in the coutryside

13. At no time + dạng đảo ngữ : không khi nào, chẳng khi nàoVD: I don’t think she loves meAt no time do I think she loves me

14. Tobe not worth = there is no point in doing sth : không đáng làm gìCác dạng thường gặp14. Tobe not worth doing sth = there is no point in doing sth : không đáng, vô ích làm gìVD:It’s not worth making him get up earlyThere is no point in making him getting early15. It seems that = it appears that = it is likely that =it look as if/ as though: dường như rằngVD: It seems that he will come late= it appears that / it is likely he will come late= he is likely to come late.= it look as if he will come late

Các dạng câu thường gặp16. Not………until ……..: không cho tới khi

> Not until ………. Dạng đảo ngữ : không cho tới khi> Only when………..dạng đảo ngữ : chỉ khiVD: He doesn’t believe the truth until he opens the letter Not until he opens the letter does he believe the truth Only when he opens the letter does he believe the truth17. Need to V = tobe necessary (for sb) to V VD: you don’t need to send her messageIt’s not necessary for you to send her message

1/' You've broken my radio, Frank! ' said Jane. ( accused )-> Jane accused Frank of having broken her radio2/ My car really needs to be repaired soon ( must )-> I really must have my car repaired soon3/ Susan regrets not buying that house( wishes )->Susan wishes she had bought that house4/ I could never have succeded without your help( you )-> I could never have succeded if you hadn't helped me5/ I thought I might run out of cash, so I took my cheque-book with me( case )->I took my cheque-book with me in case i run out of cash6/ Linda's plans for a picnic have been spoilt by the weather(fallen )-> Linda's plans for a picnic have fallen through because of the weather.7/The bread was too stale to eat( fresh )-> The bread was not fresh enough to eat8/ Perhaps Brian went home early( may )-> Brịan may have gone home early9/ I can't possibly work in all this noise( impossile )->It is impossible for me to work in all this noise10/The thief suddenly realised that the police were watching him( watched)-> The thief suddenly realised that he was being watched.by the police