14th Annual

Research and Performance Showcase

May 5, 2016

SHOWCASE COMMITTEE Richard Arnold, M.F.A. Chair……………….........................................................................Department of Communication Arts & Sciences Peg Cook, M.L.I.S. ………………………………………………………………………..................................................A.C. Buehler Library Brenda Gorman, Ph. D. …………………………………………………………………………………………….Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders Kimberly McClure, Ph. D. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….Department of Biology Mary Kay Mulvaney, Ph. D. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..CPE-Honors Program; Department of English Shaheen Wolff, M.B.A. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………Department of Business Supporting Administrative Staff and Faculty: Lawrence Carroll, Psy. D., M.B.A. .……………………………………………………………………….Center for Professional Excellence; Department of Business Janice Fodor, Ed. D.…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………..Learning Center; Department of English Ross Kellan, M.A.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………Department of Music Program Designer: Lauryn Smith du Toit, B.S……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….Class of 2015

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April 2016 It gives me great pleasure to introduce the fourteenth Elmhurst College celebration of students’ scholarly activity and creative work. The papers, presentations, and performances represented in these Proceedings demonstrate both the intellectual abilities of our students and the deep commitment of our faculty to encouraging and sustaining student research and performance. As this volume shows clearly, we are not content to be a college where faculty present ideas and students passively receive them. Instead, we are a college committed to teaching students to undertake independent discovery and critical reflection. Most importantly, I think, these papers, presentations, and performances demonstrate that academic excellence is achieved when students are taught to take responsibility for their own learning, provided with the knowledge and tools to implement their learning, and then given an opportunity to demonstrate what they have learned. I am sure that these students will take their skills of discovery and critical reflection away from Elmhurst College and into the world, to make it a better place. I am very impressed with the excellence shown here. I am very proud of the students and faculty who have collaborated to make this excellence possible. And I am very pleased that Elmhurst College can display this excellence to our community.

Alzada J. Tipton Senior Vice President for Academic Affairs and Dean of the Faculty

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Table of Contents AGENDA .................................................................................................................................................... 4

OPENING CEREMONY ........................................................................................................................... 5

ORAL PRESENTATIONS BY SESSION TOPIC .................................................................................. 6 Arts and Literature ........................................................................................................................................... 6 Mathematics and Sciences ............................................................................................................................. 6 Evaluation for English Learners .................................................................................................................. 7 World Languages .............................................................................................................................................. 7 Socio-Cultural Issues ....................................................................................................................................... 8 Psychology ........................................................................................................................................................... 8

ORAL PRESENTATIONS BY TIME .................................................................................................... 10 4:00 PM .............................................................................................................................................................. 10 4:15 PM .............................................................................................................................................................. 10 4:30 PM .............................................................................................................................................................. 10 4:45 PM .............................................................................................................................................................. 11 5:00 PM .............................................................................................................................................................. 11 5:15 PM .............................................................................................................................................................. 12 5:30 PM .............................................................................................................................................................. 12 5:45 PM .............................................................................................................................................................. 12 6:00 PM .............................................................................................................................................................. 13 6:15 PM .............................................................................................................................................................. 13 6:30 PM .............................................................................................................................................................. 13 6:45 PM .............................................................................................................................................................. 13 7:00 PM .............................................................................................................................................................. 14 7:15 PM .............................................................................................................................................................. 14 7:30 PM .............................................................................................................................................................. 14 7:45 PM .............................................................................................................................................................. 14

POSTER PRESENTATIONS BY DISCIPLINE .................................................................................. 15 Biology ............................................................................................................................................................... 15 Chemistry .......................................................................................................................................................... 16 Communication Sciences and Disorders ............................................................................................... 16 English ............................................................................................................................................................... 18 History ............................................................................................................................................................... 18 Intercultural Studies..................................................................................................................................... 18 Kinesiology ....................................................................................................................................................... 18 Nursing .............................................................................................................................................................. 19 Physics ............................................................................................................................................................... 19 Political Science .............................................................................................................................................. 19 Psychology ........................................................................................................................................................ 19

POSTER SESSIONS MAP ..................................................................................................................... 22

ABSTRACTS............................................................................................................................................ 23 Oral Presentations......................................................................................................................................... 23 Poster Presentations .................................................................................................................................... 34

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................................................... 50

FACULTY MENTORS ............................................................................................................................ 51

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AGENDA Registration……………………………………………………………………………………………………2:30 PM—4:00 PM

Founders Lounge, Frick Center Opening Ceremony………………………………………………………………………………………..3:15 PM—4:00 PM

Buik Recital Hall, Irion Hall Oral Presentations…………………………………………………………………………………………4:00 PM—8:00 PM

Circle Hall, Frick Center and Old Main Poster Presentation…………………………………………………………………………..............6:00 PM—7:00 PM

Founders Lounge, Frick Center

Reception………………………………………………………………………………………………………6:00 PM—7:00 PM Founders Lounge, Frick Center

Closing Ceremony………………………………………………………………………………………….7:00 PM—7:15 PM

Founders Lounge, Frick Center

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OPENING CEREMONY

Buik Recital Hall, Irion Hall 3:15 PM—4:00 PM

MODERATED BY

Karly Hanna Class of 2017, Theatre

WELCOMING REMARKS

Dr. Larry Braskamp Interim President of Elmhurst College

FEATURED PRESENTATION Amanda Baker, Theatre Arts “Dementia Takes the Stage”

Faculty Mentor: Richard Arnold

FIRST MUSICAL PRESENTATION Matt Wozniak, Alto Saxophone

Ballade by Henri Tomasi Piano accompanist: Professor Dan Hennel

SECOND MUSICAL PRESENTATION Elmhurst College Saxophone Quartet

Matt Beck, Soprano saxophone Jose Flores, Alto saxophone

Matt Zmuda, Tenor saxophone Steve Kidera, Baritone saxophone

Fanfare/Variations on Durch Adams Fall (Through Adam's Fall) by David Maslanka Faculty Advisor: Professor Roger Birkeland

Please join us for light refreshments in the Circle Hall Lobby at 4:00 PM and in Founders Lounge at 6:00 PM.

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ORAL PRESENTATIONS BY SESSION TOPIC

Arts and Literature

Blume Board Room, Frick Center Moderators: Janice Pohl

5:00 PM Immobilization in Samuel Beckett's Plays Grace Bellino, History/Theatre Faculty Mentor: Janice Pohl 5:15 PM Melusine Women: Representations of the Female Scholar in A. S. Byatt's "Possession" Isabel Juvan, English/Secondary Education Faculty Mentor: Ann Frank Wake 5:30 PM Transformation of the Nightingale: Two Interpretations of Milton Babbitt's Philomel Konrad Malinowski, Music Faculty Mentor: Mark Harbold 5:45 PM The Art of Tyranny: Exploring the causes of the French Revolution through the art and fashion

of the era Grace Bellino, History/Theatre Faculty Mentor: Robert Butler

Mathematics and Sciences

Bryan Room, Frick Center Moderator: Jennifer Bailey

5:00 PM Variable Distance Reflections of Curves across Parametrically Defined Curves in the Plane

Jake Kearley, Mathematics Faculty Mentor: Allen Rogers

5:15 PM Image priming and implied distinctions Kathleen Walls, Psychology/Biology Brittany Bloecher, Psychology Vanessa Gomez, Psychology Kayla Goodwin, Psychology Faculty Mentor: Jennifer Bailey 5:30 PM DNMT3B7 expression correlates to the presence of cytogenetic abnormalities and number of

blast cells in AML patients Courtney Spencer, Biology

Faculty Mentor: Stacey Raimondi 5:45 PM A novel bacterium found by PCR and clonal screens of an enrichment culture from a

Yellowstone Park hot spring Jessica Keys, Biology Faculty Mentor: Kyle Bennett

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6:00 PM Mitochondrial Genome Analysis of Two Species in the Brachidontes Exists Cryptic Complex Anders Bailey, Biology Faculty Mentor: Kyle Bennett 6:15 PM Rotating Parabolic Functions and Investigating Vertex Paths of Rotated Parabolas

Daniel Triplett, Mathematics Faculty Mentor: Allen Rogers

Evaluation for English Learners

Circle Hall 012 Moderator: Beverly Troiano

4:00 PM How do emergent bilinguals participate when funds of knowledge are incorporated in the

curriculum? Jessica Grimmer, Early Childhood Education Faculty Mentor: Beverly Troiano

4:15 PM Promoting English Learners' Oral Language in 2nd Grade Mathematics Dawn Smith, Early Childhood Education Faculty Mentor: Beverly Troiano 4:30 PM Developing the Oral Language of Emergent Bilinguals in Preschool Author: Ashley Bartuch Ashley Bartuch, Early Childhood Education Faculty Mentor: Beverly Troiano 4:45 PM Collecting and Using English Learners’ Funds of Knowledge in the Curriculum Katlyn Warcholek, Early Childhood Education Faculty Mentor: Beverly Troiano 5:00 PM Developing Mathematical Discourse through Cooperative Learning for Emerging ESL Students

with Little or No Prior Formal Schooling Michael Meadows, Mathematics/Education Faculty Mentor: Beverly Troiano

World Languages

Circle Hall 014 Moderator: Beatriz Gómez Acuña

4:00 PM Los inmigrantes hispanos del área de Chicago: Sus barreras de acceso al cuidado de la salud y

posibles soluciones para el future Kellie Brennan, Nursing Faculty Mentor: Beatriz Gomez 4:15 PM The Evolution of Notre Dame de Paris by Victor Hugo Amanda Wall, French Faculty Mentor: Rebecca Leal

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4:30 PM Understanding Islam in France Ariadne Abrusci, French Faculty Mentor: Rebecca Leal 4:45 PM Louisiana Creole and the French Language

Jennifer Anthony, Communication Sciences and Disorders Faculty Mentor: Rebecca Leal

5:00 PM Wizard vs. Spellweaver: A comparative study of Harry Potter and Tara Duncan

Rachel Burnison, French Faculty Mentor: Rebecca Leal

Socio-Cultural Issues

Circle Hall 133 Moderator: Catherine Gaze

4:00 PM The Thirty Million-Word Gap and its Implications in American Society

Michelle Accettura, Communication Sciences and Disorders Faculty Mentor: Cheri Carrico

4:15 PM Third Wave in Cooperative Movement: A Fresh Approach to Sustainability in Chicagoland

Jamie Mahoney, Urban Studies Faculty Mentor: Connie Mixon

4:30 PM From Out to In: Touristic Representations in Chicago

Jacob Henry, Intercultural Studies and Sociology Faculty Mentor: Michael Lindberg

4:45 PM Observed Parental Overcontrol and Child Anxiety Symptoms

Kathryn Panzica, Psychology Olivia Prvulov, Psychology Faculty Mentor: Catherine Gaze

Psychology

Melanchthon Room, Frick Center Moderator: Carrie Hewitt

5:00 PM Talent Management Internship at Ingredion Incorporated

Eveline Yaghmour, Industrial/Organizational Psychology Faculty Mentor: Carrie Hewitt

5:15 PM Online Manual for Accolo-Panduit Policies Internship

Ryan Waters, Industrial/Organizational Psychology Faculty Mentor: Carrie Hewitt

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5:30 PM An Internship Report on Developing a Training Program to Drive a Sustainable Lean Culture

Stacy Van Pelt, Industrial/Organizational Psychology Faculty Mentor: Carrie Hewitt

5:45 PM Coworkers Matter: Work Place Social Networks and Job Satisfaction Strength

Stephanie Tribo, Industrial/Organizational Psychology Faculty Mentor: Elizabeth Majka

6:00 PM Talent Acquisition at Orbitz Worldwide

Samantha Rydberg, Industrial/Organizational Psychology Faculty Mentor: Carrie Hewitt

6:15 PM A Human Resource Recommendation

Audrie Rewerts, Industrial/Organizational Psychology Faculty Mentor: Carrie Hewitt

6:30 PM New-Hire Onboarding Internship

Erica Pentz, Industrial/Organizational Psychology Faculty Mentor: Carrie Hewitt

6:45 PM Creating an Executive Leadership Development Program

Nicole Mikosz, Industrial/Organizational Psychology Faculty Mentor: Carrie Hewitt

7:00 PM Training Internship at Shedd Aquarium

Emily Mickley, Industrial/Organizational Psychology Faculty Mentor: Carrie Hewitt

7:15 PM IDEAS America Statistical Survey Internship

Alexa Loney, Industrial/Organizational Psychology Faculty Mentor: Carrie Hewitt

7:30 PM Elmhurst College 2015 Campus Climate Survey

Jorie Hoffrage, Industrial/Organizational Psychology Faculty Mentor: Carrie Hewitt

7:45 PM Overview, Reflection, and Reaction to a Management Consulting Internship at Strategic Talen

Solutions Claire Doberstein, Industrial/Organizational Psychology Faculty Mentor: Carrie Hewitt

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ORAL PRESENTATIONS BY TIME

4:00 PM

The Thirty Million-Word Gap and its Implications in American Society Michelle Accettura, Communication Sciences and Disorders Faculty Mentor: Cheri Carrico Circle Hall 133 Los inmigrantes hispanos del área de Chicago: Sus barreras de acceso al cuidado de la salud y posibles soluciones para el futuro Kellie Brennan, Nursing Faculty Mentor: Beatriz Gomez Circle Hall 014 How do emergent bilinguals participate when funds of knowledge are incorporated in the curriculum? Jessica Grimmer, Early Childhood Education Faculty Mentor: Beverly Troiano Circle Hall 011

4:15 PM Third Wave in Cooperative Movement: A Fresh Approach to Sustainability in Chicagoland Jamie Mahoney, Urban Studies Faculty Mentor: Connie Mixon Circle Hall 133 Promoting English Learners' Oral Language in 2nd Grade Mathematics Dawn Smith, Early Childhood Education Faculty Mentor: Beverly Troiano Circle Hall 011 The Evolution of Notre Dame de Paris by Victor Hugo Amanda Wall, French Faculty Mentor: Rebecca Leal Circle Hall 014

4:30 PM Understanding Islam in France Ariadne Abrusci, French Faculty Mentor: Rebecca Leal Circle Hall 014 Developing the Oral Language of Emergent Bilinguals in Preschool Ashley Bartuch, Early Childhood Education Faculty Mentor: Beverly Troiano Circle Hall 011

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From Out to In: Touristic Representations in Chicago Jacob Henry, Intercultural Studies and Sociology Faculty Mentor: Michael Lindberg Circle Hall 133

4:45 PM Louisiana Creole and the French Language Jennifer Anthony, Communication Sciences and Disorders Faculty Mentor: Rebecca Leal Circle Hall 014 Observed Parental Overcontrol and Child Anxiety Symptoms Kathryn Panzica, Psychology Olivia Prvulov, Psychology Faculty Mentor: Catherine Gaze Circle Hall 133 Collecting and Using English Learners’ Funds of Knowledge in the Curriculum Katlyn Warcholek, Early Childhood Education Faculty Mentor: Beverly Troiano Circle Hall 011

5:00 PM Immobilization in Samuel Beckett's Plays Grace Bellino, History/Theatre Faculty Mentor: Janice Pohl Blume Board Room, Frick Center Variable Distance Reflections of Curves across Parametrically Defined Curves in the Plane Jake Kearley, Mathematics Faculty Mentor: Allen Rogers Bryan Room, Frick Center

Wizard vs. Spellweaver: A comparative study of Harry Potter and Tara Duncan Rachel Burnison, French Faculty Mentor: Rebecca Leal Circle Hall 014 Developing Mathematical Discourse through Cooperative Learning for Emerging ESL Students with Little or No Prior Formal Schooling Michael Meadows, Mathematics/Education Faculty Mentor: Beverly Troiano Circle Hall 011 Talent Management Internship at Ingredion Incorporated Eveline Yaghmour, Industrial/Organizational Psychology Faculty Mentor: Carrie Hewitt Melanchthon Room, Frick Center

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5:15 PM Melusine Women: Representations of the Female Scholar in A. S. Byatt's "Possession" Isabel Juvan, English/Secondary Education Faculty Mentor: Ann Frank Wake Blume Board Room, Frick Center

Image priming and implied distinctions Kathleen Walls, Psychology/Biology Brittany Bloecher, Psychology Vanessa Gomez, Psychology Kayla Goodwin, Psychology Faculty Mentor: Jennifer Bailey Bryan Room, Frick Center Online Manual for Accolo-Panduit Policies Internship Ryan Waters, Industrial/Organizational Psychology Faculty Mentor: Carrie Hewitt Melanchthon Room, Frick Center

5:30 PM Transformation of the Nightingale: Two Interpretations of Milton Babbitt's Philomel Konrad Malinowski, Music Faculty Mentor: Mark Harbold Blume Board Room, Frick Center

DNMT3B7 expression correlates to the presence of cytogenetic abnormalities and number of blast cells in AML patients Courtney Spencer, Biology Faculty Mentor: Stacey Raimondi Bryan Room, Frick Center An Internship Report on Developing a Training Program to Drive a Sustainable Lean Culture Stacy Van Pelt, Industrial/Organizational Psychology Faculty Mentor: Carrie Hewitt Melanchthon Room, Frick Center

5:45 PM The Art of Tyranny: Exploring the causes of the French Revolution through the art and fashion of the era Grace Bellino, History/Theatre Faculty Mentor: Robert Butler Blume Board Room, Frick Center A novel bacterium found by PCR and clonal screens of an enrichment culture from a Yellowstone Park hot spring Jessica Keys, Biology Faculty Mentor: Kyle Bennett Bryan Room, Frick Center

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Coworkers Matter: Work Place Social Networks and Job Satisfaction Strength Stephanie Tribo, Industrial/Organizational Psychology Faculty Mentor: Elizabeth Majka Melanchthon Room, Frick Center

6:00 PM Mitochondrial Genome Analysis of Two Species in the Brachidontes Exists Cryptic Complex Anders Bailey, Biology Faculty Mentor: Kyle Bennett Bryan Room, Frick Center Talent Acquisition at Orbitz Worldwide Samantha Rydberg, Industrial/Organizational Psychology Faculty Mentor: Carrie Hewitt Melanchthon Room, Frick Center

6:15 PM A Human Resource Recommendation Audrie Rewerts, Industrial/Organizational Psychology Faculty Mentor: Carrie Hewitt Melanchthon Room, Frick Center Rotating Parabolic Functions and Investigating Vertex Paths of Rotated Parabolas Daniel Triplett, Mathematics Faculty Mentor: Allen Rogers Bryan Room, Frick Center

6:30 PM New-Hire Onboarding Internship Erica Pentz, Industrial/Organizational Psychology Faculty Mentor: Carrie Hewitt Melanchthon Room, Frick Center

6:45 PM Creating an Executive Leadership Development Program Nicole Mikosz, Industrial/Organizational Psychology Faculty Mentor: Carrie Hewitt Melanchthon Room, Frick Center

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7:00 PM Training Internship at Shedd Aquarium Emily Mickley, Industrial/Organizational Psychology Faculty Mentor: Carrie Hewitt Melanchthon Room, Frick Center

7:15 PM IDEAS America Statistical Survey Internship Alexa Loney, Industrial/Organizational Psychology Faculty Mentor: Carrie Hewitt Melanchthon Room, Frick Center

7:30 PM Elmhurst College 2015 Campus Climate Survey Jorie Hoffrage, Industrial/Organizational Psychology Faculty Mentor: Carrie Hewitt Melanchthon Room, Frick Center

7:45 PM Overview, Reflection, and Reaction to a Management Consulting Internship at Strategic Talen Solutions Claire Doberstein, Industrial/Organizational Psychology Faculty Mentor: Carrie Hewitt Melanchthon Room, Frick Center

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POSTER PRESENTATIONS BY DISCIPLINE

6:00 PM—7:00 PM Founder Lounge, Frick Center

Biology

Variability of Bacterial Resistance to UV Exposure Abbey Banas, Biology Hector Martinez, Biology Michael Beusse, Biology Nick DeLuca, Biology Safia Vohra, Biology Faculty Mentor: Kimberly McClure Bulletin Board Display 120

Aquatic Oxygen Consumption in Three Species of Kinosternid Turtles

Hannah Kelley, Biology Faculty Mentor: James Berry Bulletin Board Display 122

Broad Spectrum Sunscreens are More Protective Than Traditional Sunscreens Against Ultraviolet Exposure

Adnan Khan, Biology Ruba Ahmed, Biology Riley Schweig, Biology Jessica Schlotfeldt, Chemistry Faculty Mentor: Kimberly McClure Bulletin Board Display 116

Expression of the Pseudomonas syringae iaaL gene in transgenic plants and effects on auxin

Jacob Matsche, Biology Faculty Mentor: Eve Mellgren Bulletin Board Display 115

Home Remedies Are as Effective as Commercial Products Against S. Aureus and S. Epidermidis

Areeba Mazher, Biology Justyne Vu, Biology Katie Tiffany, Biology Denisya Gatheright, Biology Faculty Mentor: Kimberly McClure Bulletin Board Display 121

Attachment and Self-Concept Clarity in Twins and Non-twins

Sharmeen Moinuddin, Biology Naveeen Moinuddin, Biology Emily Spoolstra, Biology Hannah Spoolstra, Mathematics Faculty Mentor: Elizabeth Majka Bulletin Board Display 119

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Location of Exits Alters Ant Escape Preference Under Stress Kevin Prehn, Computer Science Katie Mantych, Computer Science Georgia Ficarra, Biology Lisa Skeens, Biology Patrick Trzeciak, Biology Faculty Mentor: Kimberly McClure Bulletin Board Display 117

Home remedies and commercial medications for acne are equally effective at inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus

Kathryn Tiffany, Biology Justyne Vu, Biology Areeba Mazher, Biology Denisya Gatheright, Biology Faculty Mentor: Kimberly McClure Bulletin Board Display 118

Chemistry Isolation of an Intermediate Step during Transition Metal assisted Carbon-Hydrogen Bond Activation

Carolyn Brumm, Chemistry Faculty Mentor: Colleen Munro-Leighton Bulletin Board Display 109

Carbon Dioxide Sequestration: Using Amino Acid Salts

Maryna Oleksyuk, Chemistry Faculty Mentor: Colleen Munro-Leighton Bulletin Board Display 110

Communication Sciences and Disorders Analysis and Review of Existing Evidence for the Role of Oxytocin in Canine-Assisted Therapy and its Relationship to Social Initiation in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Michelle Accettura, Communication Sciences and Disorders Faculty Mentor: Laura Froeschke Bulletin Board Display 159

Spanish Phonological System Elizabeth Antablian, Communication Sciences and Disorders Faculty Mentor: Brenda Gorman Table Display 157

Phonological System of Tagalog Kelly Cunningham, Communication Sciences and Disorders Faculty Mentor: Brenda Gorman Table Display 151

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The Phonological System of the German Language Aubrey Fossen, Communication Sciences and Disorders Faculty Mentor: Brenda Gorman Bulletin Board Display 158

Understanding Italian Language and Culture

Loredana Lappano, Communication Sciences and Disorders Maureen O'Bryan, Communication Sciences and Disorders Faculty Mentor: Brenda Gorman Table Display 154

Working Memory Deficits in Children with ADHD and SLI

Dana Loncar, Communication Sciences and Disorders Faculty Mentor: Gerard (Trace) Poll Bulletin Board Display 161

The Study of the Appalachian Dialect

Jessica Luciani, Communication Sciences and Disorders Samantha Bates, Communication Sciences and Disorders Alyssa DePaolo, Communication Sciences and Disorders Faculty Mentor: Brenda Gorman Table Display 155

French Dialect

Alaina Nebel, Communication Sciences and Disorders Megan Stermetz, Communication Sciences and Disorders Nick Caruso, Communication Sciences and Disorders Faculty Mentor: Brenda Gorman Table Display 152

The Contrast between Serbian and American English

Kristina Ruch, Communication Sciences and Disorders Faculty Mentor: Brenda Gorman Table Display 156

Kiswahili as a Language and Its Impact on Speech Pathology

Neha Sharma, Communication Sciences and Disorders Faculty Mentor: Brenda Gorman Bulletin Board Display 162

Navajo and Standard American English: A Contrastive Analysis

Whitney Taylor, Communication Sciences and Disorders Chloe Larson, Communication Sciences and Disorders Faculty Mentor: Brenda Gorman Bulletin Board Display 160

Speech-Language Pathology: Polish vs. American English Alicja Ziecina, Communication Sciences and Disorders Faculty Mentor: Brenda Gorman Table Display 153

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English From Tradition to Contemporary: A Study of Storytelling across Culture and Media

Rebecca Arriola, English Faculty Mentor: Susan Swords Steffen Bulletin Board Display 165

History The Nuremberg Trials: Conflict Among the Victors

Samantha Musick, History Faculty Mentor: Robert Butler Bulletin Board Display 164

Intercultural Studies The Drag Queen Culture

Gina Carlson, Musical Theatre Faculty Mentor: Michael Lindberg Bulletin Board Display 168

Sexual Assault on College Campuses in the United States

Rachel D'Andrea, Psychology/Intercultural Studies Faculty Mentor: Michael Lindberg Bulletin Board Display 167

Heteronormativity

Malaysia Wray, Intercultural Studies Faculty Mentor: Michael Lindberg Bulletin Board Display 166

Kinesiology Establishment of a Protocol to Measure Resting Metabolic Rate: A Pilot Study

Sara Gulczynski, Exercise Science Emily Marszalek, Exercise Science Faculty Mentor: Bridget Lester Bulletin Board Display 126

Reliability of Panoramic Ultrasound to Measure Vastus Lateralis Muscle Size

Emily Marszalek, Exercise Science Faculty Mentor: Bridget Lester Bulletin Board Display 125

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Nursing

The Impact of the Teach-Back Method During New Medication Education on In-Patient Satisfaction Lindsey Nolan, Nursing Faculty Mentor: Ruth Schumacher Bulletin Board Display 123

Preventing Non-Ventilator Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia: Oral Care Education

Debra Rodgers, Nursing Master's Entry Faculty Mentor: Elizabeth Davis Table Display 127

Physics

Air Flow Visualization Around Rat Whisker Kathleen Suvada, Physics/Math Faculty Mentor: Venkatesh Gopal Bulletin Board Display 112

Political Science Recidivism Rates in Florida and Oklahoma

Katelyn Ditzler, Criminal Justice/Political Science/Urban Studies Faculty Mentor: Teri Walker Bulletin Board Display 163

Psychology The Perception of Aggression and Gender Roles During Negotiation

Taylor Barnes, Psychology Amanda Becker, Industrial-Organizational Psychology (Graduate) Maria Daniels, Psychology Rebecca Shih, Psychology Faculty Mentor: Jennifer Bailey Table Display 132

Multi-tasking: An Impossibility?

Karina Breezer, Psychology Daniel Bourgualt, Psychology/Criminal Justice Lauren Casanova, Psychology Irini Lipi, Criminal Justice Mikayla Melone, Psychology/Criminal Justice Faculty Mentor: Jennifer Bailey Bulletin Board Display 140

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The Effects of Power on Perceived Strength Theresa Diamond, Biology Tasneem Azeem, Chemistry Andrew Leszczynski, Biology Faculty Mentor: Elizabeth Majka Bulletin Board Display 134

Manipulating Processing Fluency Via Syllabus Font Alters Instructor Perceptions Lisa Dubin, Biology Imaan Ahmed, Psychology Madiha Ahmed, Psychology Ryan Buck, Psychology Faculty Mentors: Elizabeth Majka and Kimberly McClure Bulletin Board Display 136

Gum Chewing & Memory

Beatriz Herrera, Psychology/Business Administration Jessica Rushing, Psychology Sharhonda Huff, Psychology Brittny Garcia, Psychology Ifrah Syed, Psychology Faculty Mentor: Jennifer Bailey Bulletin Board Display 138

Exploring Well-Being and Self-Concept Clarity in Blind and Sighted Individuals

Megan Holmes, Psychology Jessica Markey, Psychology Faculty Mentor: Elizabeth Majka Bulletin Board Display 142

Stress and Relaxation

Shannon Hyer, Psychology Salma Jabri, Psychology Jessica Kennel, Psychology Tristan Duff, Psychology Faculty Mentor: Jennifer Bailey Bulletin Board Display 144

Does Music Affect Cognitive Performance

Samantha Michelli, Psychology/Communication Studies Soumya Matthews, Psychology/Exercise Science Natalie Lezama, Psychology/Sociology Izabela Sienko, Psychology/English Alyssa Crile, Psychology/ Social Work Faculty Mentor: Jennifer Bailey Bulletin Board Display 146

The Linguistic Expression of Attitude Strength in Writing and Speech

Lucinda Simmons, Psychology Faculty Mentor: Elizabeth Majka Bulletin Board Display 148

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The Relationship Between Self-Construal and Attitude Strength

Taylor Skinner, Psychology Kaley Schmitt, Psychology Maria Sanchez, Psychology Faculty Mentor: Elizabeth Majka Bulletin Board Display 149

The Effect of Attitude Similarity and Attitude Strength on Interpersonal Attraction

Michael White, Psychology/Biology Faculty Mentor: Elizabeth Majka Bulletin Board Display 133

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POSTER SESSIONS MAP

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ABSTRACTS

Oral Presentations

Organized by presenter’s last name Understanding Islam in France Ariadne Abrusci, French Faculty Mentor: Rebecca Leal

In the context of recent tragic events in Europe, it is perhaps more important than ever to understand one's community, one's neighborhood, and one's fellow citizens. Despite an increasing role in the media spotlight, one cannot make hasty conclusions about the Muslims in France. This presentation will revisit my study of 21st century events in France related to French Muslims that have had negative, emotionally charged responses that are not fully understood as they must be. My presentation is based on a research paper that I wrote for French-313.

The Thirty Million-Word Gap and its Implications in American Society Michelle Accettura, Communication Sciences and Disorders Faculty Mentor: Cheri Carrico

Purpose- Professionals working with children must recognize the impact of factors associated with cultural-linguistic differences, as well as poverty, on language development. Hart and Risley (1995), LENA (2008), and others have examined these factors. Hart and Risley suggest a 30 million-word gap between the children of families from lower socioeconomic strata (SES) and families from higher SES. Their research highlights the importance of closing the gap; however, it is essential to understand the controversies and results of other associated studies. The purpose of the current work is to investigate studies, policies, and organizations that emerged from the 30 million-word gap, to provide professionals with a better understanding of the impact on children. Methods- The current research involves a literature review of studies published on the 30 million-word gap, analyzing the benefits emerging from the research and controversial claims, in order to compare the findings and implications of the data. Policies and organizations that appear to be valuable in closing the word gap are discussed. Results- Various studies suggest it is not the SES of a family that impacts language development, but how parents interact with their children. With an increase in exposure to motherese and open-ended conversation, and a decrease in media exposure, the 30 million-word gap may be decreased. By better understanding these studies, professionals will be equipped to help families in need.

Louisiana Creole and the French Language Jennifer Anthony, Communication Sciences and Disorders Faculty Mentor: Rebecca Leal

Focusing on the overall structure of Louisiana Creole, with a specific look into phonetic aspects of the dialect, and their relation and comparison to the French language, this presentation will offer a unique look into a major American dialect, with insight to the historical and modern relevance along with the modern use of Louisiana Creole and its cultural significance. Statistics on global and national speaker distribution will be available, as well as characteristics of speakers of Louisiana Creole.

Mitochondrial Genome Analysis of Two Species in the Brachidontes Exists Cryptic Complex Anders Bailey, Biology Faculty Mentor: Kyle Bennett

Brachidontes exustus, a bivalve in the family Mytilidae, lives on hard substrates along the Gulf and East Coasts of the United States and south to the Caribbean. The nominal taxon represents a cryptic complex of multiple biological species grouped under the single name. Common to many Bivalves, this complex has

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a phenomenon of mitochondrial transmission called double uniparental inheritance (DUI). In most metazoans the mitochondrial genome is inherited maternally (called the F type in DUI species) with all cells sharing the same mitochondrial genome. In DUI species, a second paternal mitochondrial lineage is inherited from father to son (the M type), and found only in sperm. The full F type mitochondrial genome of the Gulf of Mexico clade has been mapped by this lab using long range PCR and Sanger sequencing. Long range PCR was used to amplify the DNA using primers designed for the Gulf species. A 5,000 base pairs fragment, was not able to be obtained with the Gulf species primer set. The genomes have congruent gene order but nucleotide and protein changes are consistent with species level expectations. Both genomes differ from all other known mitochondrial genomes in the Mytilid family. Unlike most metazoan groups, mitochondrial genome order is variable in the Mytilide and DUI may play a role in the rearrangements. Further sequencing of the M type genomes of each of these species may give insights into DUI and its potential role in mitochondrial genome rearrangement.

Dementia Takes the Stage Amanda Baker, Theatre Karly Hanna, Theatre Jennifer Garcia, Psychology Mikayla Auerswald, Theatre Emma Widlowski, Theatre Faculty Mentor: Richard Arnold

As an artist, I rather enjoy educating people on topics that are not often discussed. When I found "The Other Place" by Sharr White, I was confident that the match was meant to be. As a show that embodies the reality of an individual with Dementia, the research did not stop at blocking, designing or character work. I worked closely with Dramaturg Karly Hanna to decipher scientific terminology as well as root causes of Dementia. Research led to discoveries about the types of Dementia the lead character, Juliana could have as well as protein drugs that Juliana is in the midst of creating. In my presentation, with the help of the research I have done and my team has done, I am going to discuss Dementia as an illness; both scientifically and psychologically. As well as what we did as a team to bring it to life on the stage.

Developing the Oral Language of Emergent Bilinguals in Preschool Author: Ashley Bartuch Ashley Bartuch, Early Childhood Education Faculty Mentor: Beverly Troiano

My research is focusing on the question, “How are emergent bilinguals using their oral language among peers in centers?” I focused on oral communication because this area of development is crucial for young children, and these emergent bilinguals are in an English only speaking classroom. Through literacy-based activities, emergent bilinguals are learning how to use oral language to better communicate with others (Espinosa, 2010). In addition, music and fostering collaboration among peers are other strategies that will be used to increase the emergent bilinguals students’ oral communication (Huertas, Aleida, Parra, & Jazmín, 2014; Kovacevich, Prica, Ronna, & Xanos, 1999; and Xu, Gelfer, & Perkins, 2005). A project approach will be used to engage the children in using their oral language. During my two-week study, I will study how the emergent bilinguals are developing their English oral language. I will collect field notes, audio/video recordings, and use informal interviews at the beginning and end of the study during centers. The data will then be interpreted and analyzed to find patterns in the emergent bilinguals students’ oral language development. This research study is important because it will contribute to the teacher research in understanding how to support emergent bilinguals in developing their oral language and proficiency in English.

Immobilization in Samuel Beckett's Plays Grace Bellino, History/Theatre Faculty Mentor: Janice Pohl

This paper examines the well-known and critically acclaimed playwright, Samuel Beckett, and his several of his many works written under the post-war Absurdist tradition. Common to several of his plays including Happy Days, Endgame, Play, and Not I, is the immobilization of characters their inability to

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interact with and affect their environments. The isolation of these characters from other characters furthers their dramatic purpose and ultimately the meaning of his work. These works, and the recurring themes throughout much of Beckett’s plays is the cornerstone of his fundamental belief that humankind is destined to be lonely. Through various productions, both stage and film, the effectiveness of the immobilization and its effect of the overall mood of the play are examined, revealing the nuances of different artistic visions of these modern classics.

The Art of Tyranny: Exploring the causes of the French Revolution through the art and fashion of the era Grace Bellino, History/Theatre Faculty Mentor: Robert Butler

This project investigates the causes of the French Revolution through the lens of the predominant artistic movement and fashion developments throughout the 18th century and presents this information as a plan for a museum exhibition. Specifically, this research explores the royal figureheads of France during the 18th century and the connection between their opulent artistic tastes and the worsening political situation in the Ancien Régime. The research process included examining the trends of the Rococo style, reading the biographies of the various figures whose high tastes associated with the French Revolution, and identifying images of historical artifacts that tell the story of artistic and fashion development. The purpose of compiling this information in the form of a museum exhibition plan is to challenge the public to reevaluate their pop-culture knowledge, dig deeper into the sources of the French Revolution, and understand this infamous historical era from a unique perspective.

Los inmigrantes hispanos del área de Chicago: Sus barreras de acceso al cuidado de la salud y posibles soluciones para el futuro Kellie Brennan, Nursing Faculty Mentor: Beatriz Gomez

Exploración de los servicios de la salud que el área de Chicago ofrece, las barreras de acceso y uso de estos recursos para los inmigrantes hispanos.

Wizard vs. Spellweaver: A comparative study of Harry Potter and Tara Duncan Rachel Burnison, French Faculty Mentor: Rebecca Leal

Sophie Audouin-Mamikonian’s popular French book series Tara Duncan has often been compared to J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter despite the series having their own unique worlds unto themselves. Both series are within the same genre and targeted towards the same audience but come from different cultures and languages and have protagonists of opposing gender. In this study, the reasoning behind the comparisons of the series is examined by looking at specific similarities such as characters, settings, plot lines, and other aspects within the first novel of Tara Duncan and the first novel of Harry Potter. The study will also investigate the series’ uses of certain archetypes within the fantasy and young adult genres and how the works fit within these literary genres. The world outside of the novel, that is, the lives of authors Sophie Audouin-Mamikonian and J.K. Rowling and their interactions with fans of the series will also be examined.

Overview, Reflection, and Reaction to a Management Consulting Internship at Strategic Talen Solutions Claire Doberstein, Industrial/Organizational Psychology Faculty Mentor: Carrie Hewitt

Strategic Talent Solutions (STS) is a small management-consulting firm based in Chicago, IL. Over the past 9 months, I have been working as an STS intern. During this time, I have had experience aiding in completing several of STS’s services, including individual assessments, metrics management and collection, competency modeling, and other miscellaneous tasks. Each of these experiences has provided me with better insight into the application of I/O in the workplace. Through explaining our services and discussing the connections to the literature, each step of our service processes will be broken down and explained. In reflecting back on my time as an STS intern and looking to the future, I have been able to develop many skills and gather experiences that I had not had in the past. I am grateful for the time I have had and have advice for both future Elmhurst I/O students and future STS interns. I look forward to

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sharing my experiences with others in the I/O program at Elmhurst College, and others in the I/O community.

How do emergent bilinguals participate when funds of knowledge are incorporated in the curriculum? Jessica Grimmer, Early Childhood Education Faculty Mentor: Beverly Troiano

I examined “How do emergent bilinguals participate when funds of knowledge are incorporated in the curriculum?” Researchers have found that when students’ funds of knowledge are incorporated in the curriculum student participation increases (Risko & Walker-Dalhouse, 2007; Genzuk, 1999). Incorporating students’ funds of knowledge fosters respect for students’ cultures and personal lives, enhancing learning for all students (Risko et al., 2007). The data I collected over a two-week period included audio-recordings of lessons, field notes, informal student discussions, and student work. After all the data were coded, I analyzed how two focal students from the Mexican culture participated and responded to the incorporation of their funds of knowledge in the curriculum. I identified missed opportunities where students’ funds of knowledge could have been collected by the teacher and incorporated into the curriculum. The focal students were able to express their funds of knowledge related to the lessons when I spoke with them individually. I found that the emergent bilinguals who participated in the study did not have the English language proficiency to express their knowledge of Mexican culture. This study is significant for educators in that it demonstrates the importance of using students’ funds of knowledge in the curriculum and providing individualized language supports for emergent bilinguals.

From Out to In: Touristic Representations in Chicago Jacob Henry, Intercultural Studies and Sociology Faculty Mentor: Michael Lindberg

At the beginning of any tour, there should be at least three distinct cultures present: the tourist, the toured, and the guide who skillfully mediates the interaction. In many cases the toured do not get to speak for themselves, but rather the guide funnels thousands of voices, dead and alive, to create one exciting, if not untrue story. This positions the guide as a neutral deliverer and the tourists as the impressionable receiver. By the end of a tour, the skillful guide will convince his tourist subjects that they are now part of the culture on tour. The relationships shift from in group-out group-informant, to liaison-in group. The tourists feel ‘at home’ and welcomed; they have crossed the borderzone from Other to Us. As a participant observer, I engaged in two different walking tours in Chicago. One guide successfully transitioned his tourists to feel ‘at home’ or ‘a part of.’ The other missteps and aligns himself with the tourists rather than the toured, changing the entire dynamic of the tour. This presentation will answer your questions about tourist concepts like staged authenticity, cultural appropriation, urban alchemism, sight sacralization, and in and out group status. I will also present specific examples from the recent fieldwork in Chicago.

Elmhurst College 2015 Campus Climate Survey Jorie Hoffrage, Industrial/Organizational Psychology Faculty Mentor: Carrie Hewitt

A survey was developed specifically to examine faculty perceptions of the organizational climate at Elmhurst College, on behalf of the Elmhurst College Faculty Council. The respondents consisted of 173 Elmhurst College faculty members. The survey included 26 questions to obtain insight into faculty attitudes. After obtaining approval from the Institutional Review Board, the survey was launched. It was open to faculty members from April 1, 2015 through April 10, 2015. After the survey closed, I ran an analysis of descriptive statistics though SPSS, primarily to obtain means and standard deviations. Pearson correlations were also run through SPSS. A slide show was created for the faculty council to review the results.

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Melusine Women: Representations of the Female Scholar in A. S. Byatt's "Possession" Isabel Juvan, English/Secondary Education Faculty Mentor: Ann Frank Wake

In A.S. Byatt’s Possession, the Fairy Melusine acts as a representation of the female scholar, and provides readers with insight into the female scholar’s struggles for autonomy in a patriarchal society. The motif of the Fairy Melusine throughout the novel acts as a bridge between the Victorian era and the 20th century plotlines, as the characters of Christabel LaMotte and Maud Bailey both struggle with the challenges in their lives that result from their dual identities as both women and scholars (a poet and an academic). The reoccurring references to the Melusine allows readers to see the continuous struggle for preservation of identity of female scholar throughout history. Besides obvious physical similarities between Christabel’s depiction of Melusine and Byatt’s depictions of Maud and Christabel, we see conflicting aspects of identity in each character. While Melusine is both natural and unnatural, woman and monster, Maud and Christabel are both women and scholars. They cannot fully identify with the men or women in their society, as they defy gender expectations and work within academic and artistic fields dominated by men. Thus, Christabel and Maud can both be represented as “Melusines” in their respective societies. However, Byatt does imply a way female scholars can survive within society—through autonomy, and room for independence and privacy.

Reflections of Lines and Curves across Curves with Applications to Volume Jake Kearley, Mathematics Faculty Mentor: Allen Rogers

For a planar curve f(t)=(x(t),y(t)), let P(t) and Q(t) be the two points a fixed distance r from f(t) along the normal line at f(t). The curves P(t) and Q(t) are mutual reflections across f (t). Self-intersection properties of the reflections are expressed in terms of the curvature of f(t) and the distance r. Extensions and generalizations are made to reflections of lines and curves across curves. Similarly, volumes are calculated for regions rotated about curves.

Variable Distance Reflections of Curves across Parametrically Defined Curves in the Plane Jake Kearley, Mathematics Faculty Mentor: Allen Rogers

For a planar curve f(t)=(x(t),y(t)), let P(t) and Q(t) be the two points a variable distance r(t) from f(t) along the normal line at f(t). The curves P(t) and Q(t) are mutual reflections across f (t). Self-intersection properties of the reflections are expressed in terms of the curvature of f(t) and the distance r(t). Extensions and generalizations are made to reflections of lines and curves across parametrically defined planar curves for variable radii.

A novel bacterium found by PCR and clonal screens of an enrichment culture from a Yellowstone Park hot spring Jessica Keys, Biology Faculty Mentor: Kyle Bennett

Yellowstone National Park is known for hot springs with unique microbes that thrive in high temperature environments. An enrichment culture from Mushroom Springs was maintained for several years under anaerobic conditions before bacterial presence was assessed by sequencing the 16S ribosomal gene using universal bacterial primers. Initial BLASTs of sequenced PCR products to the NCBI database showed a similarity to Geosporobacter sp., a microbe known from sites with similar conditions to the Mushroom Springs. However, there were under peaks in the sequences, suggesting more than one bacterial species was present in the culture. The PCR products were cloned into E. coli and the clone fragments were digested using HaeIII. One sequence showed a nearest identity of 92% to Tepidananerobacter acetatoxydans, which, because it is less than a 95% similarity suggest a new species. A clonal 16S screen was also done for Archaea. Methanogenic archaeal primers were used and PCR products was cloned and clones were digested with HaeIII. The results showed an 98% identity to Methanothermobacter thermautrophicus which is a known methanogen found in other hot springs.

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IDEAS America Statistical Survey Internship Alexa Loney, Industrial/Organizational Psychology Faculty Mentor: Carrie Hewitt

I completed an internship with IDEAS America, an internationally-recognized not-for-profit organization that works with administrators of employee suggestion systems in an effort to increase organizational effectiveness through the imagination of employees. My responsibility as their intern was to prepare and monitor the annual Statistical Survey, analyze the collected data, and write the International Statistical Report based on the data from 2014. While the survey’s low response rate hindered my ability to provide meaningful statistical analyses, I ultimately gained valuable skills in survey design and experience working for a client. Based on research, recommendations were proposed to IDEAS America as to how to improve future administrations of the survey. My creation of the International Statistical Report along with the list of recommendations were significant contributions to the organization.

Third Wave in Cooperative Movement: A Fresh Approach to Sustainability in Chicagoland Jamie Mahoney, Urban Studies Faculty Mentor: Connie Mixon

Cooperatives have existed in the United States for decades. However, it is only within the last ten years that Chicago has witnessed the first spread of cooperatives into the area. This is part of what is commonly referred to as the “third wave” in cooperative movement. Various forms of cooperatives exist: worker co-ops, housing co-ops, and food co-ops. For the purposes of my research, I chose to focus on food cooperatives. It is said that this type of model is becoming increasingly popular because of the popularity of the following ideals: shopping local, eating organic, and being conscious of one’s sustainable contributions to a community. Aimed at dispelling the myth that shopping at co-ops is just a “hip new fad” of this generation, my investigative fieldwork shows the long-term viability of food co-ops in the Chicagoland area. This fieldwork included interviews with key stakeholders such as farmers, owners, customers, and community members. Through a sociological and economic evaluation of The Dill Pickle, a food cooperative in Logan Square, I have found that the success of the movement is based on a business model that focuses on local work, livable wages, keeping money within the community to encourage and maintain economic growth, and an increase in civic engagement and local participation. This oral presentation provides a wider perspective on sustainability initiatives within the field of urban studies.

Transformation of the Nightingale: Two Interpretations of Milton Babbitt's Philomel Konrad Malinowski, Music Faculty Mentor: Mark Harbold

The unique perspectives on text-painting offered by two sopranos interacting with fixed media in "Philomel" yield new insights into hermeneutics. The performer is given the responsibility to interpret the piece through the lens of timbral evolution and rhythmic fluidity in order to actualize the intent of the composer and poet: to capture the psychological break of a once sweet and tender Philomel right before her transformation into a nightingale and to conclude with her reunification with self in her renewed form. Because the fixed media includes a prerecorded soprano, the voice of Bethany Beardslee, each performer’s particular interaction with the fixed media has potent consequences. The commissioner and original performer of the work, Bethany Beardslee, must interact with her own voice on the tape, providing a unique set of limitations to her interpretation. Judith Bettina, on the other hand, with her contrasting vocal timbre, weight, and agility, interacts with the prerecorded soprano through a different interpretation of timbral evolution and rhythmic precision. Additionally, these perspectives on interpretation further refute the argument on musical ontology proposed by Nelson Goodman. This interplay with the fixed media provides the performer a novel opportunity in text-painting that is exclusive to the orchestration of Philomel.

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Developing Mathematical Discourse through Cooperative Learning for Emerging ESL Students with Little or No Prior Formal Schooling Michael Meadows, Mathematics/Education Faculty Mentor: Beverly Troiano

My research focused on the question, "How can I use cooperative learning to promote math discourse for emerging ESL students with little or no prior formal schooling?” Much research has been done on the topic of cooperative learning and its potential benefits with emergent bilingual students (Celic & Seltzer, 2011) while more limited research has been done on the topic of Mathematical discourse and math talk with these students (Moschkovich, 1999; 2002; 2007). Over a two-week period, I will conduct a research project in the form of a case study on one ESL Level 1 student from Darfur. I intend to learn more of his story through structured interviews and informal conversations which will help me as I plan cooperative learning activities to see how I can support his participation in mathematical discourse. In the latter half of my study, I will also examine in what ways students use translanguaging when students are provided with native language partners. Data will be collected through daily video recordings, interview notes, and field notes which I will code using a coding scheme developed from the literature and my initial fieldwork done the previous semester. From analyzing this data both inductively and deductively, I will search for emerging findings to report. This research is critical to the educational community so we can better promote participation in mathematical discourse from emerging ESL students.

Training Internship at Shedd Aquarium Emily Mickley, Industrial/Organizational Psychology Faculty Mentor: Carrie Hewitt

Emotional Intelligence (EQ) is the ability to recognize and understand emotions, as well as the ability to use awareness of emotions to manage behaviors and relationships (Walton, 2012). EQ has been growing in popularity since the early 2000s. With two thirds of people typically being controlled by their emotions and EQ being found to be more important in the workplace than time management, decision-making, and communication, it is important to be skilled at spotting emotions and using them to our benefit (Bradberry & Greaves, 2009). For my internship I worked independently to create an EQ training workshop to be incorporated into the Shedd Aquarium Leadership Development Series. I developed a variety of tools to be included in the workshop such as: an EQ self-assessment quiz with a scoring breakdown sheet and strategies on how to improve a low EQ; three different EQ activities; an EQ developmental action plan; and a final handout. After creating the training program, I had the opportunity to pilot the workshop to the Human Resources staff at Shedd and assessed the results based on their feedback. This internship was a lot of fun and I enjoyed having the freedom to create whatever I wanted. I ran into very few problems while completing this internship and gained extensive knowledge and skills throughout the experience. I really enjoyed being able to see first-hand how my project was going to make a difference at Shedd.

Creating an Executive Leadership Development Program Nicole Mikosz, Industrial/Organizational Psychology Faculty Mentor: Carrie Hewitt

The internship I completed was a project opportunity with Sears Holdings Corporation (SHC), located in Hoffman Estates, Illinois. I worked with several members of SHC’s Strategic Talent Solutions Team to propose, develop, and create an implementation plan for a new approach to leadership development within a team of approximately 300 executive members. Based on consultations with SHC’s Strategic Talent Solutions Team, attendance at an in-house leadership conference, and review of both scholarly and business publications on best practices in leadership development, I ultimately proposed three ideas for a development pilot. One of these ideas was chosen for a pilot launch by the SHC Strategic Talent Solutions Team. I subsequently developed an implementation plan and drafted potential areas to gauge impact analysis.

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Observed Parental Overcontrol and Child Anxiety Symptoms Kathryn Panzica, Psychology Olivia Prvulov, Psychology Faculty Mentor: Catherine Gaze

The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a link between anxiety levels in children and overcontrol levels in parenting. Videos of parent-child dyads were observed and relations of parental overcontrol and child anxiety were analyzed. Results suggested that there would be a relation but no significance was found.

New-Hire Onboarding Internship Erica Pentz, Industrial/Organizational Psychology Faculty Mentor: Carrie Hewitt

An internship surrounding Industrial/Organizational Psychology, and particularly onboarding, training, and development, was completed. The goal of the internship was to develop formal process for the onboarding of new assistant underwriters in the financial division of a major Illinois health insurer. In turn, this project would ultimately help to streamline and improve the experience for new-hires and their managers. The internship consisted of three major components: the delivery of structured on-the-job training, the creation of an onboarding manual, and the development and administration of an onboarding satisfaction survey. These elements were successfully implemented at the organization over the course of about six months between July, 2015 and January, 2016.

A Human Resource Recommendation Audrie Rewerts, Industrial/Organizational Psychology Faculty Mentor: Carrie Hewitt

The goal of my internship was to conduct an analysis of the existing Human Resource (HR) functions at OMI Industries, Inc. potentially resulting in the development of a formal HR department. By utilizing a variety of data collection methods, including an organizational survey, I gained a clear understanding of OMI's current HR functions and organizational culture. These findings guided my conclusion that OMI was in a position to implement more formalized systems and processes focusing on one of their biggest assets, their people. It also bolstered my perception that an Industrial Organizational Psychologist does have a place in business and it is critical to simultaneously leverage both the scientist and practitioner approaches to maximize influence. Ultimately, this internship experience provided an in-depth view into an organization and was essential in connecting theory to practice.

Talent Acquisition at Orbitz Worldwide Samantha Rydberg, Industrial/Organizational Psychology Faculty Mentor: Carrie Hewitt

While interning at Orbitz Worldwide, I had unique opportunities to be a part of various Industrial Organizational (I/O) Psychology related projects. The bulk of my projects consisted of recruiting/onboarding, running college recruiting efforts for 2016, revamping new hire orientation, tracking employee engagement throughout the close of the Expedia transaction (Pulse survey), creating a “Who’s who of HR” cheat sheet, and strategizing ways to improve the “Strengthen the Core” program. During almost all of these projects I found ways to incorporate I/O literature, elements from class discussions, or class projects. Tying my internship experience into these three key areas helped to refine my complex problem solving, judgment/decision making, system analysis and evaluation skills. One of the greatest catalysts to honing these skills was adapting to the various complications Expedia imposed during the acquisition. In total this internship has afforded me a multitude of experiences that have helped shape me as an I/O professional.

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Promoting English Learners' Oral Language in 2nd Grade Mathematics Dawn Smith, Early Childhood Education Faculty Mentor: Beverly Troiano

My research question examined “How can I foster the oral language development of emergent bilinguals during whole-group math instruction?” I noticed my students rarely had opportunities for talk during whole-group math instruction, so I wanted to find out how I could provide them with such. Educators often refer to the false perception of “universal language of math,” (Nasir, Hand, & Taylor, 2008). In reality, there are strong correlations between students’ English proficiency and performance in math (Sistla & Feng, 2014), so teachers need to incorporate various strategies, both teacher- and student-focused, to promote oral language development during math instruction (Pace & Ortiz, 2015). I conducted a three-week study, collecting video recordings, field notes, lesson artifacts, and student surveys. After collecting the data, I looked for patterns in opportunities for oral language development. My emergent findings show opportunities for talk were often constrained by the content being taught, and teacher talk dominated the lessons, allowing for comparatively fewer opportunities for student talk. However, when I included cooperative groups, the English learners’ opportunities for talk increased. These findings are important for educators because student talk is often constrained by teacher talk and scripted school or district instructional frameworks, but educators can still incorporate strategies to support ELs' understanding of mathematics content and academic language.

DNMT3B7 expression correlates to the presence of cytogenetic abnormalities and number of blast cells in AML patients Courtney Spencer, Biology Faculty Mentor: Stacey Raimondi

DNA methylation patterns are used as a means of epigenetic control of gene transcription in human cells, and when mutated have linked to the diagnosis of serious illness, including cancers. The aberrant transcript DNMT3B7 has been previously studied to further understand its role in the varying phenotypes of breast cancer, as it induces transcriptional changes on a cellular level. The purpose of this paper was to study the same transcript in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients in order to analyze if it played a similar role in the mutation of AML cells, as it does in breast cancer cells. A bioinformatics experiment was conducted to compare DNMT3B7 expression levels to various clinical parameters obtained from the National Cancer Institute. When comparing expression to gender, history of neoadjuvant treatment, cytogenetic abnormalities, abnormal fluorescence in situ hybridization results and bone marrow blast cell counts it was found that DNMT3B7 levels of expression are dependent upon blast cell counts and increase as do the number of blast cells. My results indicate that DNMT3B7 contributes to aberrant cellular transcription in multiple cancers and could lead to an overall better treatment regimen and prognosis for AML patients.

Coworkers Matter: Work Place Social Networks and Job Satisfaction Strength Stephanie Tribo, Industrial/Organizational Psychology Faculty Mentor: Elizabeth Majka

Generally, organizational researchers observe a positive relationship between employee job satisfaction and job performance, but this relationship is inconsistent. Recently, researchers identified a critical moderator of this relationship—job attitude strength (the extent to which employees are satisfied) (e.g., Schleicher et al, 2015). Drawing from the attitude strength literature in social psychology, in this project we examined a potential antecedent of job attitude strength—the job satisfaction present in people’s workplace social networks (i.e., coworkers). To do so, 302 participants were recruited online and completed three measures of job satisfaction (OJS, MSQ, and E) and multiple indices of job attitude strength (e.g., job attitude certainty). They also indicated the level of job satisfaction present in their workplace social networks. As predicted, coworker job satisfaction mattered: Specifically, the more homogeneous people’s workplace networks were with respect to job satisfaction, the stronger people’s own job satisfaction. Additional analyses related to work place social support, life satisfaction, and job satisfaction will also be discussed. These results suggest it may be important to consider the dynamics of

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workers’ social environments when examining job satisfaction, job satisfaction strength, and job performance.

Rotating Parabolic Functions and Investigating Vertex Paths of Rotated Parabolas Daniel Triplett, Mathematics Faculty Mentor: Allen Rogers

Using parabolic equations, equations for rotated conic sections, Cramer’s Rule, and the computer software Maple and GeoGebra, the goal of this research was to find a method to fit a parabola to any three chosen points at any angle ?? of rotation. In addition, vertices were plotted for these rotated parabolas at any angle ??, and as the parabolas rotated, vertex paths were traced and analyzed. Visible patterns occurred depending on the angle ? formed by the three original chosen points for a parabola.

An Internship Report on Developing a Training Program to Drive a Sustainable Lean Culture Stacy Van Pelt, Industrial/Organizational Psychology Faculty Mentor: Carrie Hewitt

Companies worldwide in various industries employ an operating philosophy known as lean manufacturing. The organization I completed my internship with has incorporated lean into its operation, but its success had stagnated. Under the direction of a new CEO the efforts were to be re-ignited via a training program that would provide designated on-site coordinators with the skills and tools they would need to drive success for their location. Employed as the new Organizational Effectiveness Associate, I was in charge of partnering with the Director of Human Resources to create this training program for the organization. Also doubling as my internship, this project entailed designing a 12- to 18-month program that included key technical pieces, opportunities to apply learnings to real-time problems and the leadership skills necessary to influence without authority.

The Evolution of Notre Dame de Paris by Victor Hugo Amanda Wall, French Faculty Mentor: Rebecca Leal

Notre Dame de Paris has been a work of art in the literary world since 1831 and has been popular with the masses, both French and American, for more than 100 years through the different adaptations. After 180 years after its initial publication, what makes this story still so popular? This presentation will focus on answering that question with looking at French society using the 1956 film directed by Jean Delannoy and the1998 musical directed by Luc Plamondon (both of which are French adaptations). This will be a comparison looking at themes such as physical appearances, emotions expressed by the characters, and social phenomena’s from the original novel, to the 1956 film, and to the musical to see if/why some themes are more/less evident through time.

Image priming and implied distinctions Kathleen Walls, Psychology/Biology Brittany Bloecher, Psychology Vanessa Gomez, Psychology Kayla Goodwin, Psychology Faculty Mentor: Jennifer Bailey

There is a basal need in humans to belong to a community. One tenth of a second may determine if someone is accepted into a group or not. Once this impression is formed it is maintained almost indefinitely. Research has shown that perceptions of health, social status, and confidence in women is largely influenced by cosmetic use or disuse. Other studies examined different variations of physical appearance and their effect on first impressions or perceptions. However, few studies have investigated first impressions based on overall physical appearance, and no studies were found on applying past findings in the college classroom environment. This experiment sought to determine if perceptions and behaviors of college students would uphold the finding that personal appearance effects behavior and perceptions of women. Participants were put in a classroom with a confederate who had exaggerated undesirable features to appear exhausted, or exaggerated features that are commonly associated with

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attractiveness and the halo effect. The two conditions were defined as either the no-effort condition or the effort condition. The behaviors and perceptions between the two groups were compared to determine if there was a significant difference between the two levels of effort. A significant finding would emphasize or depreciate the importance of personal appearance in new environments.

Collecting and Using English Learners’ Funds of Knowledge in the Curriculum Katlyn Warcholek, Early Childhood Education Faculty Mentor: Beverly Troiano

My study examined the ways in which a teacher collected English learners’ (ELs) funds of knowledge and incorporated their funds into the curriculum. Teachers can collect students’ funds of knowledge through home visits, closely analyzing student dialogue, and completing student interviews (Amaro-Jiménez & Semingson, 2011; Moll, Amanti, Neff, & Gonzalez, 1992). Teachers can then use students’ funds of knowledge to plan and design thematic units to create authentic learning experiences (Moll et al.,1992). I conducted a four-week study, observing the instruction of a first grade teacher working with ELs. I collected field notes and audio recordings of whole group literacy instruction, student and family surveys, and artifacts of student work. I coded the data set using a coding scheme developed from the literature, and analyzed these data for patterns related to collecting and incorporating funds of knowledge into the curriculum. An emergent finding from the study is that when working with a rigid curriculum, a teacher can find ways to individualize the curriculum by first, collecting students’ funds of knowledge, and second, utilizing their funds of knowledge as an instructional resource during whole class literacy-based instruction as well as individual student literacy-based work. This research contributes to a knowledge base of teaching by incorporating English learners’ funds of knowledge in daily instruction.

Online Manual for Accolo-Panduit Policies Internship Ryan Waters, Industrial/Organizational Psychology Faculty Mentor: Carrie Hewitt

This paper explores the design, creation, and implementation of my internship for the M.A. of I/O Psychology program at Elmhurst College. The internship served as a learning capstone in the field of I/O psychology where I designed, created, and implemented an Online Manual for Accolo-Panduit Policies (OMAPP). The manual provided information, guides, and processes for hiring consultants to perform their jobs most efficiently which include a hiring manager packet, job tracking spreadsheet, interview procedures, administrative procedures, training materials, FAQs, and assessments. I was able to create a structural change to my organizations that significantly impacts the way we serve our client’s needs.

Talent Management Internship at Ingredion Incorporated Eveline Yaghmour, Industrial/Organizational Psychology Faculty Mentor: Carrie Hewitt

This presentation will speak to my internship at Ingredion Incorporated from April to July of 2015. The projects focused on several areas within organizational development, including employee engagement, growth and development, and strategic change. Involvement in the employee engagement survey entailed theme analysis for action planning. Within the Talent Assessment and Development (TAD) work with high potential leadership, deliverables included a development plan template and a streamlined process to encourage employee growth and development. Projects related to strategic change encompassed a change enablement methodology and toolkit, and a framework for mergers and acquisitions (M&As). Because of the extensive knowledge needed for the projects, there was a steep learning curve. In sum, I expanded my knowledge and skill set and was exposed to insight from leadership – a great experience for a novice to the industrial/organizational psychology field.

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Poster Presentations

Organized by presenter’s last name Analysis and Review of Existing Evidence for the Role of Oxytocin in Canine-Assisted Therapy and its Relationship to Social Initiation in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Michelle Accettura, Communication Sciences and Disorders Faculty Mentor: Laura Froeschke Bulletin Board Display 159

Purpose-Research suggests positive results when Canine-Assisted Therapy (CAT) is used with children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The purpose of this research is to provide an interdisciplinary literature review that integrates knowledge from a variety of disciplines. This review will provide an understanding of CAT when used with persons with ASD, exploring Oxytocin as a potential biological mechanism operating during CAT interactions. Method-A background literature review including journals from within biosciences, ASD, psychology, and Speech-Language Pathology will be developed. A search using EBSCO host and PubMed will be done; key words in the initial search will include: ASD, executive functioning, Oxytocin, animal-human relationships, and CAT. Articles will be categorized as theoretical or research evidence that explores the effectiveness of current therapies. Searches will include theoretical underpinnings of animal-human interactions; however, a significant portion will focus on empirical research to provide support for CAT. The author will complete a critical analysis of therapies, and integrate research evidence pointing to Oxytocin as a biological mechanism. Results-Results will be integrated into a scholarly paper, and abstracted into a poster. This poster will provide an overview of research as well as future proposals. This is a preliminary, exploratory step to begin research steps forward in ascertaining potential neurochemical mechanisms in CAT and ASD.

Spanish Phonological System Elizabeth Antablian, Communication Sciences and Disorders Faculty Mentor: Brenda Gorman Table Display 157

Speech-language pathologists provide services to clients that come from a range of different cultural and linguistic backgrounds. It is important for them to be knowledgeable about the many dialects and languages they might work with and the effects of it on a client’s verbal and nonverbal communication. There are over 40 million Spanish speakers in the United States and it is the 3rd most common language. The primary purpose of this is research is to perform a contrastive analysis of the Spanish and standard American English phonological systems. We will also summarize the origin and migration of the Spanish language. The results will provide suggestions for clinicians when serving Spanish speakers to conduct a valid and non-biased assessment in order to differentiate speech differences from true speech disorders. Spanish speakers have different speech patterns and articulation variances and it is apart of the ASHA code of ethics to know cultural differences and be respectful to the client’s language and culture.

From Tradition to Contemporary: A Study of Storytelling across Culture and Media Rebecca Arriola, English Faculty Mentor: Susan Swords Steffen Bulletin Board Display 165

This project compared storytelling across two different cultures – America representing the West and Japan representing the East – by analyzing and comparing traditional stories, video games, film, and music. The objective was to explore cultural storytelling traditions and how those have translated into modern media; leading to a better understanding of the two cultures by identifying repeated narrative tropes and styles While the video games, films, songs, and traditional tales do not represent all narratives offered by the cultures, they serve as examples of storytelling from their respective cultures. Each story, traditional and modern, was chosen due to their popular reception within their country of origin. The

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video games covered the theme of hero; the film covered the theme of outcasts; and music covered the theme of love. An analysis and comparison led to the following results. First, there were significant similarities in the basic structure of the themes between the cultures, but stories were often executed differently. Secondly, despite cross-cultural influence and a translation into modern media, the films and songs more often correlated with the traditional tales of their origin country than that of the opposite country. These two findings have led me to conclude that despite cross-cultural influence and translation into modern media, cultures still often have a major influence on their narratives.

Variability of Bacterial Resistance to UV Exposure Abbey Banas, Biology Hector Martinez, Biology Michael Beusse, Biology Nick DeLuca, Biology Safia Vohra, Biology Faculty Mentor: Kimberly McClure Bulletin Board Display 120

UV-C radiation is an increasingly common form of disinfection, effectively killing most vegetative bacteria. E. coli, B. subtilis, and S. aureus are all bacteria that can cause infections or food spoilage, so finding a way to efficiently disinfect and kill these bacteria with UV radiation would prove to be very useful in hospitals and households to prevent infections. This study examines the resistance to UV exposure in each of these bacteria based on their DNA repair enzymes and pathways. It was hypothesized that E. coli will have the highest survival rate because it has two pathways of DNA repair and photolyase DNA repair enzymes. Dilution series were set up to observe a colony count of 200, and 3 plates of each bacterium were exposed to germicidal UV radiation in a Fotodyne Transilluminator. A control for each bacteria was placed in the UV chamber for one minute without turning it on to compare to the treatment plates. A one-way ANOVA test showed that our data was inconclusive. However, there was a trend in the data that supports our hypothesis. Based on percent death, E. coli had the highest survival rate, B. subtilis had the second highest, and S. aureus appeared to be very susceptible to UV disinfection. Germicidal UV radiation is a viable method of disinfection, but some bacteria may be more resistant to exposure than others, so further research should be conducted to effectively kill resistant strains.

The Perception of Aggression and Gender Roles During Negotiation Taylor Barnes, Psychology Amanda Becker, Industrial-Organizational Psychology (Graduate) Maria Daniels, Psychology Rebecca Shih, Psychology Faculty Mentor: Jennifer Bailey Table Display 132

This study explored the disparity in perceived aggression towards men and women using a 3x2 PXE factorial design. The hypothesis was that women are perceived as more aggressive than men when actively seeking a salary increase. The use of the participant’s gender as an independent variable was used for exploratory analysis. The study included 72 participants, 35 were men and 37 were women. All participants were randomly given one of three vignettes. All participants read a vignette about a fictitious employee negotiating a pay raise, whose gender was either identified as a man, woman, or non-specific. The participants then rated the employee’s aggression on a Likert scale from zero to five. A two-factor ANOVA was used to analyze the data. The results did not show a significant difference for either main effect (employee gender and participant gender) and the interaction was also not significant. The average level of perceived aggression for the female employee was very similar to that of the male employee. The findings provide evidence that perhaps women do not receive greater social backlash than men do when asking for a raise.

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Multi-tasking: An Impossibility? Karina Breezer, Psychology Daniel Bourgualt, Psychology/Criminal Justice Lauren Casanova, Psychology Irini Lipi, Criminal Justice Mikayla Melone, Psychology/Criminal Justice Faculty Mentor: Jennifer Bailey Bulletin Board Display 140

This research examined selective attention in the classroom by presenting subjects in two different groups with two different tasks that require varying levels of participation and attention. The hypothesis stated that students participating in a highly involved task notice significantly less changes in their environment. In the end the researchers found a large effect size of .99, supporting the hypothesis and indicating a very strong relationship between our dependent and independent variables. By identifying the threshold of focus, this research aims to help teachers find a happy medium with tasks that require the student to be focused but also be able to be alert of what is going on around them.

Isolation of an Intermediate Step during Transition Metal assisted Carbon-Hydrogen Bond Activation Carolyn Brumm, Chemistry Faculty Mentor: Colleen Munro-Leighton Bulletin Board Display 109

Developments of new pharmaceuticals and fuels synthesized from hydrocarbons are currently inefficient due to the large amounts of heat required in order to alter inert carbon-hydrogen bonds. There are an abundance of natural organic hydrocarbon compounds that could be used in this synthesis; however the current synthetic methods rely heavily on harsh conditions involving strong acids and bases or high-energy inputs in order for the reaction to yield product. Previous studies have demonstrated the possibility of tethering transition metals to the hydrocarbons in order to weaken a carbon-hydrogen bond and replace the hydrogen with a more useful element such as nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur. We have synthesized and characterized a related palladium complex and tested its reactivity with different solvents.

The Drag Queen Culture Gina Carlson, Musical Theatre Faculty Mentor: Michael Lindberg Bulletin Board Display 168

The drag queen community is comprised of performance artists who cross-dress and create female personas or characters that sing, dance, act, lip-sink, mentor, and/or flourish in the art of comedy. Other performers choose to impersonate already famous female powerhouses in the entertainment industry or create completely androgynous characters that have political agendas they share with an audience. Drag has been around for hundreds of years beginning with cross-dressing in Shakespeare plays, to present day, with shows like RuPaul’s Drag Race that popularize the art form and deliver it right into the homes of viewers. Drag comes in many forms and styles and it also brings along with it trials and tribulations within the LGBTQ community. Since its beginnings, drag as an art form has given a voice to members of the LGBTQ community by allowing comedy, music and political activism speak loudly through an exciting and beautiful artistic lens.

Phonological System of Tagalog Kelly Cunningham, Communication Sciences and Disorders Faculty Mentor: Brenda Gorman Table Display 151

One of the many roles of a speech-language pathologist (SLP) is to provide assessment and intervention to clients with speech sound disorders. Clinicians serve individuals from diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds, thereby encountering a variety of languages. The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) requires that SLPs meet various professional competencies and acquire knowledge

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about phonemic and allophonic variations of language(s) spoken in diverse communities. According to ASHA standards, it is important to understand language differences to become a clinically competent speech-language pathologist. Tagalog, the most prevalent spoken language of the Philippines, is the fourth most common spoken language found in the United States. In 2013, the U.S. Census Bureau reported that there were over 1.5 million Tagalog speakers over the age of five in the U.S. The purpose of this research is to examine the phonological system of Tagalog and to conduct a contrastive analysis between Tagalog and English. Results from this analysis will have valuable implications for appropriate, non-biased clinical services. Relative to assessment, such knowledge will support a clinician’s ability to differentiate between normal speech differences and true speech disorders. If the client truly has a speech sound disorder and requires treatment, this analysis will inform the clinician’s selection of appropriate treatment targets.

Sexual Assault on College Campuses in the United States Rachel D'Andrea, Psychology/Intercultural Studies Faculty Mentor: Michael Lindberg Bulletin Board Display 167

Sexual Assault on College Campuses in the United States Rachel M. D'Andrea Mike Lindberg This project looks at the epidemic of sexual assault that has arisen on college campuses across the United States. This presentation aims to shed a light on the reality of sexual assault as a matter of current events and a problem that needs to be solved through the application of both factual and abstract information. The goal is to educate the general public on the details of what sexual assault is, the reality we are facing as a country, and how we may address the issue. The research was done primarily online, utilizing both various academic databases and popular news/media sources.

The Effects of Power on Perceived Strength Theresa Diamond, Biology Tasneem Azeem, Chemistry Andrew Leszczynski, Biology Faculty Mentor: Elizabeth Majka Bulletin Board Display 134

Feeling powerful can change how people think and feel. For example, previous research has demonstrated that feeling powerful can make people feel more confident and dominant and can even make them feel taller (Cuddy et al., 2015; Duiguid & Gancalo, 2012). In this study, we investigated whether feelings of power might also impact actual and perceived physical strength. To investigate our question, 41 participants (78% female) were randomly assigned to hold either a low-power pose or a high-power pose for 1.5 minutes. After the power pose manipulation, participants were asked a number of questions about their feelings of power (manipulation check) and strength, and they also completed an actual test of strength (arm curl test). Unfortunately, the power pose manipulation was not successful in altering participants’ feelings of power, so we were unable to fully test our prediction that feeling powerful would make people act and feel stronger. Nevertheless, we conducted analyses on the main dependent variables. Again, there was no effect of the power pose manipulation on actual or perceived strength. We will discuss some limitations of our study and how tweaks to the study design may offer a better test of our hypothesis.

Recidivism Rates in Florida and Oklahoma Katelyn Ditzler, Criminal Justice/Political Science/Urban Studies Faculty Mentor: Teri Walker Bulletin Board Display 163

The intention of this research was to determine whether the privatization of prisons continues to be a valuable investment in terms of economic benefits for the government and reduced recidivism rates for offenders. The economic arguments for the benefits of prison privatization seem to have stopped in the mid-2000s, but the arguments over whether private prisons reduce recidivism rates are ongoing. This study attempted to compare recidivism rates in private prisons to those in public prisons in the state of

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Florida and hypothesized private prisons reduce recidivism rates. The study compared the recidivism rates of offenders released from prisons in Florida from 2005 to 2011 to the limited amount of information available regarding recidivism rates in Oklahoma. The data that was available from Florida and Oklahoma provided a good idea of the trend recidivism rates experienced in the late 2000s and early 2010s. The Oklahoma study, specifically, included a comparison to six other states, which provided a better idea of the recidivism rates in several states. In Florida during the period examined, recidivism rates declined. In 2006, a total of 32.5% of all offenders released that year recidivated within three years; while, in 2010, a total of 25.7% of all offenders released that year recidivated within three years. In order to determine whether prison privatization reduces recidivism rates, there must be more data available regarding the recidivism rates of specific institutions. It is a likely possibility that the companies who run private prisons do not want recidivism rate information available to the public because previous studies on the matter have alluded to private prisons not being able to reduce recidivism the way they may lead some to believe. When more recidivism data becomes available, scholars will have a better idea of whether or not prison privatization reduces recidivism rates.

Manipulating Processing Fluency Via Syllabus Font Alters Instructor Perceptions Lisa Dubin, Biology Imaan Ahmed, Psychology Madiha Ahmed, Psychology Ryan Buck, Psychology Faculty Mentors: Elizabeth Majka and Kimberly McClure Bulletin Board Display 136

Processing fluency is the ease with which information is processed. When information is easy to process, people often judge it more favorably. For example, previous research has found that people predict tasks (e.g., exercise routine, recipes) will be easier and more enjoyable if instructions for the task are printed in an easy-to-read font (Arial Font) vs. a difficult-to-read font (Brush Font) (Song & Schwarz, 2008). In this project we sought to examine whether altering the processing fluency of a traditional course syllabus would have implications for how students judge a course and instructor. To address this question, 97 students (28 male, 69 female) were randomly assigned to read hypothetical Introductory Psychology course syllabus that was printed in an easy-to-read font (Arial) or a difficult-to-read font (Brush). After reading the syllabus they were asked to judge the syllabus, course, and instructor on seven dimensions. A series of independent samples t-test were used to analyze the data. First, font manipulation successfully impacted how difficult it was to read the syllabus (manipulation check). Second, the hypotheses were partly supported. Contrary to predictions, students did not judge the course more favorably if the syllabus was printed in Arial rather than Brush font. Results suggest that the ease with which a syllabus is processed may impact instructor impressions. Future work might look at other ways syllabi might be modified to maximize ease of processing.

The Phonological System of the German Language Aubrey Fossen, Communication Sciences and Disorders Faculty Mentor: Brenda Gorman Bulletin Board Display 158

Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) serve clients with a variety of needs, including helping clients to improve communication skills, testing for swallowing disorders and treating speech sound disorders. Given the cultural and linguistic diversity of the population, it is critical for SLPs to develop the requisite knowledge and skills to appropriate serve diverse client. It is important for SLPs to understand the fundamentals of languages and dialects in order to provide optimal care for our clients. There are approximately 120 million native speakers of the German language and approximately 1.38 million people in the United States speak German. The purpose of this research is to analyze the phonological system of German and to conduct a contrastive analysis of the phonetic systems of German and English. Specifically, similarities and differences between mainstream American English and German will be presented. This information will provide professionals and SLPs a foundation for distinguishing normal speech differences from true speech disorders in German-English speakers.

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Establishment of a Protocol to Measure Resting Metabolic Rate: A Pilot Study Sara Gulczynski, Exercise Science Emily Marszalek, Exercise Science Faculty Mentor: Bridget Lester Bulletin Board Display 126

Resting metabolic rate (RMR) is an important clinical measurement used for body weight maintenance and weight loss programs as well as optimization of athletic performance. Indirect calorimetry using a ventilated canopy is an accepted way to measure RMR. PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to establish a reliable protocol using a ventilated canopy to measure RMR. METHODS: To assess reliability, RMR measurements were collected on four healthy individuals (3 females, 1 male) on two separate testing days within a seven-day period. Subjects were fasted and instructed to lay supine for 30 minutes before the collection period. Measurements were always collected in the morning before the subjects engaged in much physical activity. On each testing day, metabolic measurements, such as volume of oxygen consumed and the rate of carbon dioxide expired, were collected for 25-30 minutes in order to determine rates of energy expenditure (kcal/day). RESULTS: Resting metabolic rate values from day 1 (mean=1699.45 kcal/min, SD=124.46) to day 2 (mean=1652.15 kcal/min, SD=100.08) did not vary much from one another. CONCLUSIONS: Pilot data collected demonstrated that the RMR protocol allowed for reproducible measurements.

Gum Chewing & Memory Beatriz Herrera, Psychology/Business Administration Jessica Rushing, Psychology Sharhonda Huff, Psychology Brittny Garcia, Psychology Ifrah Syed, Psychology Faculty Mentor: Jennifer Bailey Bulletin Board Display 138

Cognitive performance is the ability to obtain and apply knowledge to accomplish goals. Memory recall is an important aspect of cognitive performance. The present study explored the effect of gum chewing on memory recall. More specifically, whether chewing gum during the learning and recall periods improve memory recall. Additionally, the recollection of images and words was recorded to explore which was a better method of processing memory. In a between-subjects study design, participants performed a series of learning and recall tasks. Participants in the experimental groups performed the tasks while chewing gum, whereas the control group received no gum. No significant effect of gum chewing on memory during learning and recall processes was found. However, participants significantly recalled more images than words. The present study presents unprecedented opportunities for further scientific investigation and the continued development of improvements on cognitive performance.

Exploring Well-Being and Self-Concept Clarity in Blind and Sighted Individuals Megan Holmes, Psychology Jessica Markey, Psychology Faculty Mentor: Elizabeth Majka Bulletin Board Display 142

It is well-established that individuals with visual impairments (i.e., blind individuals) tend to suffer lower well-being than sighted individuals. In this project, we suggest that these differences in well-being may be driven by differences in how people view the self. One structural facet of the self is self-concept clarity, which refers to “the extent to which self-beliefs are clearly and confidently defined” (Campbell et al., 1996). To investigate our hypotheses, both blind (N =183) and sighted individuals (N =181) took an online survey in which they completed a battery of well-being measures (depression, loneliness, self-esteem, subjective-happiness), as well as a measure of self-concept clarity. Although all measures correlated in ways consistent with previous literature, results comparing blind and sighted individuals were not in line with predictions. Blind and sighted individuals reported similar levels of depression, loneliness, and self-esteem and blind individuals actually reported higher levels of subject-happiness. No differences emerged

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between blind and sighted individuals on self-concept clarity. The surprising nature of these findings will be discussed with respect to sampling issues. We will also discuss additional planned analyses and future directions for this project.

Stress and Relaxation Shannon Hyer, Psychology Salma Jabri, Psychology Jessica Kennel, Psychology Tristan Duff, Psychology Faculty Mentor: Jennifer Bailey Bulletin Board Display 144

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate how stress and anxiety impacts test performance and memory recall. Participants were divided into two groups: a relaxed group and a stressed group. The stressed group experienced more pressure regarding the amount of time they had to complete tasks as well as viewed stressful images. The relaxed group participated in breathing exercises and viewed calming images with no emphasis on time pressure. Two dependent variables were assessed: memory recall and mathematical ability. Both groups measured their heart rates before and after they took the standardized math test and word-list memory test. The hypothesis was that participants in the stressed group would perform more poorly on math and memory tests compared to the relaxed group.

Aquatic Oxygen Consumption in Three Species of Kinosternid Turtles Hannah Kelley, Biology Faculty Mentor: James Berry Bulletin Board Display 122

The family Kinosternidae are mud or musk turtles found mainly in freshwater environments in the western hemisphere. They can undergo long periods submerged underwater without access to the surface during winter months. In order to determine if the turtles can extract oxygen directly from the water during these periods, two individuals each of Sternotherus odoratus, Kinosternon scorpioides and Cryptochelys Leucostoma, were examined. An oxygen meter was placed in a tank containing one turtle at a time, and recordings of oxygen percent were recorded every 30 minutes for 90 minutes. There was a steady decrease in oxygen for each species, indicating that the turtles extracted oxygen directly from the water. This ability provides a mechanism by which these turtles can remain submerged during the winter months.

Broad Spectrum Sunscreens are More Protective Than Traditional Sunscreens Against Ultraviolet Exposure Adnan Khan, Biology Ruba Ahmed, Biology Riley Schweig, Biology Jessica Schlotfeldt, Chemistry Faculty Mentor: Kimberly McClure Bulletin Board Display 116

The purpose of this study was to determine if broad spectrum sunscreens would protect Staphylococcus epidermidis more than traditional sunscreen. There are two types of UV rays that make up the majority of the sunlight on earth, UVA and UVB. Broad spectrum sunscreen reflects both forms of UV rays whereas traditional sunscreen absorbs UVA and reflects UVB. It was hypothesized that when SPF and broad-spectrum sunscreens are compared, broad-spectrum sunscreen would protect Staphylococcus epidermidis better than traditional sunscreen since it reflects both forms of UV radiation. In this study, Staphylococcus epidermidis was exposed to 1 minute of Ultraviolet radiation with or without the different types of sunscreen; the three types were SPF 50, SPF 30 broad spectrum, and SPF 30. SPF 50 sunscreen protected Staphylococcus epidermidis better than SPF 30 broad-spectrum and SPF 30. When comparing the two sunscreens with SPF 30, the broad spectrum sunscreen protected Staphylococcus epidermidis better. This study suggested that the higher the SPF value, the better the protection from UV exposure.

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This study also supported the hypothesis, that when comparing sunscreen with the same SPF value, one with broad spectrum and the other without broad spectrum, broad spectrum is the best option.

Understanding Italian Language and Culture Loredana Lappano, Communication Sciences and Disorders Maureen O'Bryan, Communication Sciences and Disorders Faculty Mentor: Brenda Gorman Table Display 154

The purpose of this study was to explore the similarities and differences between the phonological systems of Italian and English. According to the U.S. Census Bureau (2011), there are approximately 725,223 Italian speakers in the United States, with particularly high numbers in large cities such as New York and Chicago. Within the field of speech-language pathology, clinicians assist individuals from many different linguistic and cultural backgrounds; therefore, it is imperative that clinicians are aware of various languages and speech patterns they may encounter throughout their practice. We will present results from a contrastive analysis of the phoneme inventories of Italian and English. There are numerous similarities between the phonemes, such as in bilabial plosives, yet also many differences, such as in affricates. A review of our analysis will support clinical understanding of both normal cross-linguistic transfer and atypical speech patterns of Italian-English speakers. Finally, we will summarize our results to provide recommendations that will support clinicians’ ability to provide valid and culturally relevant services.

Working Memory Deficits in Children with ADHD and SLI Dana Loncar, Communication Sciences and Disorders Faculty Mentor: Gerard (Trace) Poll Bulletin Board Display 161

Evidence-based treatment approaches for working memory (WM) deficits acknowledge profile differences in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and specific language impairment (SLI) that have shown to interfere with children’s functional and academic success. According to Hutchinson et al. (2012), ADHD profiles show deficits in the central executive, while a profile of SLI shows deficits in the phonological loop, the central executive, and the episodic buffer. The question raised from this literature review was do children with ADHD and SLI, ages 6 to 12 years who have WM limitations, show gains in component abilities of WM (phonological loop, central executive, episodic buffer, and visual-spatial sketchpad) given intensive cognitive training focused on WM? The WM capacity in children with ADHD was tested using a computer adaptive training program, known as the Cogmed Working Memory Training (CWMT) program. The WM capacity in children with SLI was tested using a control and experimental group that received traditional language intervention for four, one-hour sessions each week for four weeks. There is some evidence that falls short in WM training, but there are promising results that these training programs have generalized to functional performance for individuals with ADHD and SLI with WM deficits.

The Study of the Appalachian Dialect Jessica Luciani, Communication Sciences and Disorders Samantha Bates, Communication Sciences and Disorders Alyssa DePaolo, Communication Sciences and Disorders Faculty Mentor: Brenda Gorman Table Display 155

Language is a complex system. There are many different dialects and languages spoken in the world. There are people that dedicate their lives to studying and correcting language problems in speakers as a profession. These professionals are called Speech-Language Pathologists (SLPs). SLPs work with clients who speak different dialects and languages everyday therefore making it important that SLPs understand the diversity within each language and dialect to accurately differentiate speech patterns. Appalachian English is a dialect form of American English that is common among the Appalachian mountain regions. This region includes parts of New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Kentucky, West Virginia, Virginia, South

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Carolina, Tennessee, North Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Maryland. Out of these states approximately 25 million people speak the Appalachian dialect. Without sufficient knowledge about the characteristics of Appalachian English, a professional may potentially interpret a speaker’s production of this dialect as indications of a speech sound disorder. Therefore, we will research this dialect to identify normal characteristics and present aspects of the dialect that are incorporated into mainstream American English speech some Americans' speech today. Through our research, we will also present the similarities and differences between Appalachian and mainstream American English to support clinician’s ability to differentiate speech differences from speech disorders.

Reliability of Panoramic Ultrasound to Measure Vastus Lateralis Muscle Size Emily Marszalek, Exercise Science Faculty Mentor: Bridget Lester Bulletin Board Display 125

The ability to reliably measure skeletal muscle size is crucial in order to determine the effectiveness of an exercise program to promote muscle growth. Panoramic ultrasound is a technique that is becoming more widely used by researchers to estimate the cross sectional-area (CSA) of muscle. PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to determine the reliability of a panoramic ultrasound protocol to measure the CSA of the vastus lateralis of the quadriceps femoris muscle. Reliability was measured in two different ways: 1) inter-rater reliability (between two ultrasound technicians) and 2) test-retest reliability (between two imaging sessions conducted on separate days). METHODS: Panoramic ultrasound images of the vastus lateralis muscle of 12 healthy individuals (6=females, 6=males) were collected on two separate days over a one-week period. During each testing day, two ultrasound technicians each collected triplicate images from three muscle sites (60, 70, and 80% of the length of the thigh measured from the hip to the knee). For each testing day, a total of 18 images were collected. For both testing days for all 12 subjects, a total of 432 images were collected. Cross-sectional areas of muscle from each image were determined using Image-J (National Institute of Health), a computer software program. Inter-rater and test-retest reliability was calculated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) with a random-rater effects design. RESULTS: Inter-rater reliability was measured to be high for each muscle site (ICCs: 60%=0.99, 70%=0.98, 80%=0.98). In addition, test-retest reliability was also measured to be high for each muscle site (ICCs: 60%=0.99, 70%=0.97, 80%=0.98). CONCLUSION: This statistical assessment demonstrates that the panoramic ultrasound protocol can reliably measure the CSA of the vastus lateralis muscle at multiple sites along the length of the thigh.

Expression of the Pseudomonas syringae iaaL gene in transgenic plants and effects on auxin Jacob Matsche, Biology Faculty Mentor: Eve Mellgren Bulletin Board Display 115

Pseudomonas syringae is a rod shaped, gram-negative bacterium that is a plant pathogen. A specific strain, P. syringae DC3000, has had its genome sequenced, leading to identification of genes that may play critical roles in plant pathogenesis. One gene, iaaL, is predicted to encode an IAA-lysine synthetase, which conjugates the plant growth hormone auxin (IAA) to the amino acid lysine inactivating it. Because auxin plays a role in DC3000 pathogenesis, it is hypothesized that the iaaL gene is required for DC3000 to manipulate auxin and cause disease. To test this hypothesis, it has been shown that genetically modified Arapidopsis thaliana plants with the iaaL gene from DC3000 were created. When the iaaL gene is expressed in seedlings, they have shortened root lengths implying suggesting that iaaL is reducing active auxin. Expression of the iaaL gene in plants during infection by DC3000 also increases yellowing of plant leaves, suggesting iaaL is promoting disease symptom development during infection. Together these results suggest that iaaL is playing an important role in DC3000 pathogenesis by manipulating auxin. Future experiments will involve directly measuring auxin levels in leaves expressing iaaL to see if the concentration of active auxin is reduced, which will confirm that the iaaL gene encodes a functioning IAA-lysine synthetase.

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Home Remedies Are as Effective as Commercial Products Against S. aureus and S. Epidermidis Areeba Mazher, Biology Justyne Vu, Biology Katie Tiffany, Biology Denisya Gatheright, Biology Faculty Mentor: Kimberly McClure Bulletin Board Display 121

Home remedies have recently emerged as a popular natural alternative to commercial products for the treatment of acne vulgaris, the most common skin condition in the United States. The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of home remedies and commercial products at inhibiting the growth of acne-causing bacteria, specifically Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermis. In this study, tea tree oil, garlic water, lemon and honey, and apple cider vinegar were the home remedies tested. Benzoyl peroxide and salicylic acid are the two active ingredients present in several commercial acne treatments and were also tested. Hand lotion served as the control. The disk diffusion method was used to quantitatively determine the relative effectiveness of each treatment. Benzoyl peroxide was the most effective treatment against S. aureus, and apple cider vinegar was the most effective treatment against S. epidermidis. However, lemon and honey exhibited strong antibacterial activity against both bacteria, and garlic water worked well against S. aureus. These results offer a natural and cheaper alternative for acne treatment as well as a milder option for people with sensitive skin. Home remedies also have fewer side effects and can also help guard against the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

Does Music Affect Cognitive Performance Samantha Michelli, Psychology/Communication Studies Soumya Matthews, Psychology/Exercise Science Natalie Lezama, Psychology/Sociology Izabela Sienko, Psychology/English Alyssa Crile, Psychology/ Social Work Faculty Mentor: Jennifer Bailey Bulletin Board Display 146

There is a constant debate of whether listening to music while completing a task improves cognitive function. Some studies supporting this technique have shown that background music promotes cognitive performance while other studies have shown that listening to music while engaged in complex cognitive tasks can impair performance (Dolegui, 2013). This study is critical, especially to students, in order to find an optimal study setting. The present study was designed to examine the effect of listening to music on completing a cognitive task. Each participant was exposed to four different conditions involving three different genres of music and one trial of silence. The dependent variable measured their performance on a mathematics test. Students, including men and women, served as participants and were a convenience sample from the Elmhurst College community. The hypothesis was that alternative rock would result in the least amount of math questions answered. Results to be analyzed will reveal what genre tested was best for cognitive performance.

Attachment and Self-Concept Clarity in Twins and Non-twins Sharmeen Moinuddin, Biology Naveeen Moinuddin, Biology Emily Spoolstra, Biology Hannah Spoolstra, Mathematics Faculty Mentor: Elizabeth Majka Bulletin Board Display 119

The purpose of this study was to examine how twin and non-twin sibling relationships impact people’s self-concept and self-concept clarity. In this study, we argue that twins, as a result of their unique attachment relationship, will have stronger self-views than non-twins. The data was collected using an online survey. A total of 117 (46 twins, 71 non-twins) people participated in the study. The study presents data indicating that (a) attachment strength in twins is considerably greater than in non-twins; (b) twins

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slightly exceeded non-twins in self-concept clarity; (c) twins and non-twins did not differ in their degree of self- concept; and (d) self-concept and self- concept clarity were positively correlated with strength of attachment. This report also explores some factors that may explain why a greater attachment among two individuals may lead to a greater self-concept clarity.

The Nuremberg Trials: Conflict Among the Victors Samantha Musick, History Faculty Mentor: Robert Butler Bulletin Board Display 164

Between the years of 1945 to 1949, a series of thirteen trials were held to try Nazi conspirators for their war crimes against peace and humanity during World War II. In November of 1943, with the first knowledge of Nazi crimes, the Allied Leaders: Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin, also known as the "Big Three” began discussing how to handle the Nazi’s misconducts at the conclusion of the war. Eventually, the decision fell in favor of the United States’ for trial by jury. The “jury” was comprised of representatives from the three allied nations, along with France, thus comprising the International Military Tribunal. This study is a look at the Nuremberg Trials from historical, judicial and political perspectives. Primary focus is centered on the first trial including Twenty-Six Major War Criminals such as Herman Goring, Hitler’s right hand man and Rudolf Hess, top man of the Nazi Party, held in front of the International Military Tribunal from 1945-1946. Considerations are afforded not only the prosecution and defense testimony but also differing opinions between members of the Tribunal. Other content within this study is a condensed look at the remaining twelve trials held by the United States government trying scientists, doctors, lawyers, diplomats, jurists and other professionals involved in the Nazi movement during World War II; as well as the precedent set by this historic trial.

French Dialect Alaina Nebel, Communication Sciences and Disorders Megan Stermetz, Communication Sciences and Disorders Nick Caruso, Communication Sciences and Disorders Faculty Mentor: Brenda Gorman Table Display 152

Each Speech-Language Pathologist should be adapted to work with an array of individuals from various cultural and linguistic backgrounds. Diversity is a key concept in the world today, and to be successful in this field each clinician must have cultural competence. French is a widely spoken language throughout the world, with an estimated 1.6 million speakers in the United States. Therefore, we chose to research the French language and phonological system. We will present our research on the linguistic and phonological system of the French language and perform a contrastive analysis between French and American English. There are several similarities and differences in the phonetic systems between the two languages, which we will describe in our presentation. The ways in which we will present our findings will aid in the helpful practice for any Speech-Language Pathologist. By understanding the concepts that arise from speech differences and true disorders with the language of French, successful clinician can interpret their own findings to make appropriate distinctions between normal speech differences and true disorders. Our basic research will be presented in a way that is understandable for any observer and inform practice for Speech-Language Pathologists.

The Impact of the Teach-Back Method During New Medication Education on In-Patient Satisfaction Lindsey Nolan, Nursing Faculty Mentor: Ruth Schumacher Bulletin Board Display 123

How does the implementation of the teach-back method during new medication education impact in-patient satisfaction? The Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) scores for the surgical unit at a 276 bed suburban hospital and the results from a pre-intervention survey suggest a gap in patient care related to ineffective patient education on newly prescribed medications. Research demonstrates that patients forget 40-80% of medical information immediately after it is

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presented (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality [AHRQ], 2014). This information paired with student observations on the surgical unit warrants the development and implementation of a mixed methods approach to improve the delivery of patient education for all newly prescribed medications. This approach utilizes nurse education and visual reminders for patients and nurses to discuss: “What is the medication?”, “what is the purpose?”, and “what are the side effects" (Ahrens & Wirges, 2013; AHRQ, 2015). With the implementation of the mixed methods approach the next quarter HCAHPS scores for the surgical unit are expected to demonstrate 90% of patients always and 0% of patients never receiving education on medication side effects. Additionally, 90% of patients are expected to strongly agree that they understood the purpose of the medication. Finally, the post-intervention survey is expected to express 90% of yes responses indicating the nurse explained the medication side effects.

Carbon Dioxide Sequestration: Using Amino Acid Salts Maryna Oleksyuk, Chemistry Faculty Mentor: Colleen Munro-Leighton Bulletin Board Display 110

Due to current problems associated with the accumulation of CO2 in the atmosphere, scientists have attempted to sequester the excess carbon dioxide, and incorporate it into commodity chemicals. Current techniques for sequestration include adsorption, clathrate hydrates, and air capture technology. However, the limitations of each method, such as being energy intensive, have forced scientists to look for alternative methods. In this study, select amino acid salts were synthesized toward potential reactivity with CO2. Serine and cysteine salt products were characterized via IR spectroscopy.

Location of Exits Alters Ant Escape Preference Under Stress Kevin Prehn, Computer Science Katie Mantych, Computer Science Georgia Ficarra, Biology Lisa Skeens, Biology Patrick Trzeciak, Biology Faculty Mentor: Kimberly McClure Bulletin Board Display 117

Fire safety is an important consideration when designing the layout of buildings. To improve building design, escape behavior has been studied in humans, and ants have been used as an easier alternative to studying human behavior. A previous study found that a majority of ants prefer one exit over the other, explained as ants preferring exits that are more crowded, which is a behavior similar to the way humans behave. By modifying a previous study, this study discovers that ants don’t significantly prefer one exit in an escape scenario when the exits are closer together.

Preventing Non-Ventilator Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia: Oral Care Education Debra Rodgers, Nursing Master's Entry Faculty Mentor: Elizabeth Davis Table Display 127

The purpose of this capstone project was to provide healthcare professionals within a medical/surgical unit evidence based knowledge, skills and attitudes related to routine oral care hygiene in non-ventilator hospitalized patients to assist with prevention of hospital-acquired pneumonia. A link has been identified between the development of non-ventilator hospital-acquired pneumonia (NV-HAP) in those with poor oral hygiene. Therefore, it is anticipated by providing healthcare professionals and patients education related to the benefits of oral care and the implementation of an oral care standard can reduce the incidence of NV-HAP.

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The Contrast between Serbian and American English Kristina Ruch, Communication Sciences and Disorders Faculty Mentor: Brenda Gorman Table Display 156

Speech-Language Pathology is a field of expertise practiced by clinicians who specialize in the evaluation and treatment of a wide variety of communication and swallowing disorders. Given that speech-language pathologists (SLPs) work with clients from a variety of dialect and/or language backgrounds, it is critical that the clinicians who serve these clients have knowledge of normal speech patterns in order to accurately differentiate speech differences from true speech sound disorders. There is a large Serbian population living in the United States. Data from the American Community Survey (2009-2013) indicates that there are more than 70,000 Serbian speakers living in the U.S. Therefore, the purpose of my research is to investigate and perform a contrastive analysis between Serbian and American English. For example, there are significant differences in the phonetic inventories, such as in manner (e.g., liquid versus trill /r/). In my presentation I will highlight the similarities and differences between the phonological systems of these two languages and discuss implications for SLPs when evaluating and treating clients who speak both languages. This research is important, as the clinician’s knowledge of this linguistic diversity will prevent the clinician from improperly diagnosing normal speech differences as disorders. Moreover, this information will guide the clinician in selecting appropriate treatment targets if a disorder is indeed present.

Kiswahili as a Language and Its Impact on Speech Pathology Neha Sharma, Communication Sciences and Disorders Faculty Mentor: Brenda Gorman Bulletin Board Display 162

Kiswahili is an African language that is a member of the Bantu languages. Kiswahili is spoken mostly in East Africa, in the countries of Tanzania and Kenya. The cultures of these countries vary due to tribal majorities in Tanzania and Islamic influences that have more recently been observed in Kenya. Although the country’s cultures may differ, the culture of those who speak Kiswahili is quite fluid. Of the ~36,000 Kiswahili speakers in the United States, majority reside on the east coast, mostly New England, although other majorities are also found in the South. The purpose of this research is to investigate the phonological system of the Kiswahili language. Specifically, I will conduct and present a contrastive analysis of the phonetic systems of Kiswahili and English. To date, results from this analysis indicate that the Kiswahili phonetic inventory is similar to that of American English, with several differences. For example, dental and interdental phonemes exist in American English and not in Kishwahili, and Kishwahili contains several nasals and plosives that do not exist in American English. Vowels are particularly interesting, in that they have the highest usage and are used for different semantic and pragmatic outputs that expand the Kiswahili lexicon. Overall, this research has implications for professionals, such as speech-language pathologists, who work with individuals who speak Kiswahili. Results from this contrastive analysis will facilitate speech-language pathologists’ accurate assessment and selection of appropriate treatment targets for speakers who may display true speech sound disorders.

The Linguistic Expression of Attitude Strength in Writing and Speech Lucinda Simmons, Psychology Faculty Mentor: Elizabeth Majka Bulletin Board Display 148

Many social contextual features contribute to the strength of our attitudes (e.g., Eaton et al., 2008). Thus, it is important to understand how attitude strength is communicated verbally and non-verbally. In two studies, we examined the relation between attitude strength and several linguistic markers. We hypothesized that stronger attitudes should be positively associated with powerful linguistic markers (e.g., boosters) and negatively associated with powerless linguistic markers (e.g., hedges) (see Blankenship & Craig, 2007). In Study 1 we tested our predictions using written language. Participants (N = 119) answered questions about their attitudes toward one of three issues. Their written responses were then coded for a number of linguistic markers (e.g., boosters, hedges). Partial correlations (controlling for

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issue and word count) indicated some support for our hypothesis. Specifically, attitude certainty was positively associated with booster use, while attitudinal ambivalence was positively associated with hedge use. In Study 2 we focused on spoken language. Student (N = 56) indicated the strength of their attitudes with respect to eight issues and then were videotaped discussing their strongest and weakest attitude. We transcribed and coded all videos. A series of paired samples t-tests found that, in line with predictions, participants used more powerful linguistic markers (i.e., boosters) when discussing strong attitudes, and more powerless linguistic markers.

The Relationship Between Self-Construal and Attitude Strength Taylor Skinner, Psychology Kaley Schmitt, Psychology Maria Sanchez, Psychology Faculty Mentor: Elizabeth Majka Bulletin Board Display 149

Decades of research in social psychology have demonstrated that attitudes—particularly strong attitudes—can powerfully shape perception, cognition, and behavior. Recent evidence suggests that social contextual (e.g., social network) and cultural factors can strengthen and weaken attitudes (e.g., Eaton et al., 2008). We propose that self-construal (i.e., the extent to which people view themselves as socially independent or interdependent; Markus & Kitayama, 1991) may also affect attitude strength. As a first step to investigating this proposal, we recruited a sample of online participants (Study 1a: N = 92) and a sample of college students (Study 1b: N = 51) and had them complete the independent and interdependent subscales of the Singelis Self-Construal Scale (1994), as well as the Need to Evaluate Scale (Jarvis & Petty, 1996)—a scale assessing the desire and tendency to hold strong opinions. As predicted, Pearson correlations revealed that (a) independent views of the self were positively associated with Need to Evaluate scores, and (b) independent views of the self were negatively associated with Need to Evaluate scores. These findings bolster the importance of examining attitude strength in relation to social contextual and cultural factors. Limitations of this study and current directions--including a laboratory study in which we manipulate self-construal--will be discussed.

Air Flow Visualization Around Rat Whisker Kathleen Suvada, Physics/Math Faculty Mentor: Venkatesh Gopal Bulletin Board Display 112

In the Air Flow and Rat Whisker visualization, our goal is to simultaneously map the flow field of the airflow as well as the dynamics of the whisker. In our experiment, an isolated rat whisker is placed in a turbulent airstream. The airflow is seeded with neutrally-buoyant Helium-filled soap bubbles. These bubbles are illuminated by a laser light sheet. By tracking the centroids of the illuminated bubbles using a custom Matlab code, we can map the fluid flow. The whisker is also illuminated by another laser. Using a pair of cameras, the three dimensional shape and orientation of the whisker is determined. We are now in the process of combining flow and whisker dynamics to understand how the whisker responds to the turbulent flow. The goal of this research is to see how the rat whisker corresponds to certain stimuli, which in our case, is a natural air current and also to see how much the rat can obtain about its environment from its own whisker.

Navajo and Standard American English: A Contrastive Analysis Whitney Taylor, Communication Sciences and Disorders Chloe Larson, Communication Sciences and Disorders Faculty Mentor: Brenda Gorman Bulletin Board Display 160

An integral component of working as a speech-language pathologist (SLP) in any setting is to have working knowledge and awareness of clients' cultural and linguistic diversity. This importance lies in the ability to minimize the uncertainties about what are abnormal speech patterns and what can simply be attributed to linguistic diversity. The research at hand is based on the Athabaskan language of Navajo. While this

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may not be as prevalent as some languages one may come across as an SLP, it is presently the most widely spoken Native American languages in the U.S., having a fascinating history as well as phonological concepts. We will research the Navajo speech sound system and perform a contrastive analysis with standard North American English. We will identify key differences in speech sounds, highlighting unique features of Navajo, including: nasal vowels, lateral fricatives, glottalized consonants, and tones. We will explore the influence of these characteristics on a speaker's production of English speech sounds. We will utilize online recordings of native Navajo speakers, published phonetic studies, as well as established phonemic charts. We will present our findings and examine the significance of utilizing knowledge of both speech sound systems in a clinical setting to differentiate between a speaker's Navajo-influenced phoneme production of English speech sounds and potential speech disorders as well as potentially assist the speaker with speech sound modification.

Home remedies and commercial medications for acne are equally effective at inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus Kathryn Tiffany, Biology Justyne Vu, Biology Areeba Mazher, Biology Denisya Gatheright, Biology Faculty Mentor: Kimberly McClure Bulletin Board Display 118

Acne is a skin condition that afflicts 85 percent of the population between the ages of 12 to 24. Currently there is a debate about the effectiveness of commercial acne medications over home remedies for the treatment acne. This study examines how well active ingredients in commercial acne medications (benzoyl peroxide and salicylic acid) and natural home remedies (garlic water, a lemon and honey solution, tea tree oil, and apple cider vinegar) are able to inhibit the growth of two acne-causing bacterial strains, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus. This was done using a disc diffusion method. Growth of S. epidermidis was most inhibited by apple cider vinegar, followed by benzoyl peroxide, a lemon and honey solution, and salicylic acid. Growth of S. aureus was most inhibited by benzoyl peroxide, followed by a lemon and honey solution, garlic water, and tea tree oil. These results show that garlic water and a lemon and honey solution are nearly as effective as benzoyl peroxide at inhibiting the growth of acne-causing bacteria. These results may lead to cheaper, more ecofriendly alternatives to commercial products for treating acne.

The Effect of Attitude Similarity and Attitude Strength on Interpersonal Attraction Michael White, Psychology/Biology Faculty Mentor: Elizabeth Majka Bulletin Board Display 133

Attitude similarity has been well-established as one of the key components of how we perceive and affiliate with others (e.g., Byrne, 1961; Singh et al., 2015). Yet this research has exclusively focused on the valence of attitudes. Another critical dimension on which attitudes can vary is strength. In this project, we propose that people’s impressions of others may be driven by both attitude valence and attitude strength. To test whether attitude strength moderates the classic attitude similarity attraction effect, we conducted two online studies in which participants learned that a hypothetical target person had a similar or dissimilar attitude relative to their own views (Study 1 Issue = same sex marriage, Study 2 Issue = death penalty). Participants then learned the target’s attitude strength (strong, weak, or control). Finally, participants indicated their impressions of the target. Across both studies, participants liked targets with similar attitudes more than targets with dissimilar attitudes. However, this effect was moderated by attitude strength. In general, participants liked targets with strong similar attitudes, and disliked attitudinally dissimilar targets regardless of the strength of their views. Knowing the strength of an attitude provides additional information for predicting people’s behavior. This project suggests that knowing the strength of others’ views may also matter for impression formation.

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Heteronormativity Malaysia Wray, Intercultural Studies Faculty Mentor: Michael Lindberg Bulletin Board Display 166

Heteronormativity “describes a binary gender system, in which only two sexes are recognized, where sex is equated with gender and gender with a heterosexual orientation.” It has a lot of negative effects, especially for the LGBTQ+ community. My presentation is aimed at bringing awareness to how pervasive and often unnoticed heteronormativity is and what consequences it has in our everyday lives. I did not conduct any research, but rather pulled existing research and tied it to examples to bring this issue to light. I also explain four ways that we can be more conscious of heteronormativity.

Speech-Language Pathology: Polish vs. American English Alicja Ziecina, Communication Sciences and Disorders Faculty Mentor: Brenda Gorman Table Display 153

Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) serve individuals with a variety of speech, language, voice, fluency, hearing, and swallowing disorders. Given the diversity of our society, SLPs will work with clients from many cultural and linguistic backgrounds. In order to differentiate normal speech and language differences from true disorders that require intervention, it is important for SLPs to have requisite knowledge of the different dialects and languages their clients speak. The goal of this research is to study the Polish language and analyze its similarities and differences with American English. Based on the research findings, I will provide several recommendations that will aid clinicians’ valid assessment of Polish- and English-speaking clients and selection of appropriate treatment targets if a true speech sounds disorder is indeed present.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Showcase Committee expresses sincere thanks to the student presenters for their time, dedication and commitment to the research that led to these creative and scholarly presentations. This Showcase would not be possible without their contributions. We also thank the faculty sponsors for encouraging their students to pursue research and mentoring them along the way. Thanks also go to the moderators: Janice Pohl, Catherine Gaze, Beverly Troiano. Most importantly, we thank the attendees who show their support for the Showcase through their enthusiastic participation. The Showcase Committee also thanks the administrative and support staff for their assistance with the Showcase, including Interim President Larry Braskamp for his remarks at the opening ceremony; Dean Jensen for excellent web support; Peg Cook and the A.C. Buehler librarians and staff for library services and for helping students and faculty with the plotter; Grace Burzynski for timely printing of the posters and the program. Thanks also go to Laura Bjerga for room scheduling; Facilities Management for setting up and rearranging rooms; Chartwells Food Service employees for catering; and Chris Curtain for the setup of the technology required.

~The Research & Performance Showcase Committee

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FACULTY MENTORS

Richard Arnold

Jennifer Bailey

Kyle Bennett

James Berry

Robert Butler

Cheri Carrico

Elizabeth Davis

Laura Froeschke

Catherine Gaze

Beatriz Gomez

Venkatesh Gopal

Brenda Gorman

Mark Harbold

Dan Hennel

Carrie Hewitt

Rebecca Leal

Bridget Lester

Michael Lindberg

Elizabeth Majka

Kimberly McClure

Eve Mellgren

Connie Mixon

Colleen Munro-Leighton

Janice Pohl

Gerard (Trace) Poll

Stacey Raimondi

Allen Rogers

Ruth Schumacher

Susan Swords Steffen

Chris Travis

Beverly Troiano

Ann Frank Wake

Teri Walker

A

Abbey Banas, 15, 35 Adnan Khan, 15, 40 Alaina Nebel, 17, 44 Alexa Loney, 9, 14, 28 Alicja Ziecina, 16, 49 Allen Rogers, 6, 11, 27, 51 Alyssa Crile, 20, 43 Alyssa DePaolo, 17, 41 Amanda Baker, 5, 24 Amanda Becker, 19, 35 Amanda Wall, 8, 10, 32 Anders Bailey, 7, 13, 23 Andrew Leszczynski, 20, 37 Ann Frank Wake, 6, 12, 27, 50 Areeba Mazher, 15, 16, 43, 48 Ariadne Abrusci, 8, 10, 23 Ashley Bartuch, 7, 10, 24 Aubrey Fossen, 17, 38 Audrie Rewerts, 9, 13, 30

B

Beatriz Gomez, 7, 10, 25 Beatriz Herrera, 20, 39 Beverly Troiano, 7, 10, 11, 24, 26, 29, 31, 33 Brenda Gorman, 1, 16, 17, 34, 36, 38, 41, 44, 46, 47, 49 Bridget Lester, 18, 39, 42 Brittany Bloecher, 6, 12, 32 Brittny Garcia, 20, 39

C

Carolyn Brumm, 16, 36 Carrie Hewitt, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 25, 26, 28, 29, 30, 32,

33 Catherine Gaze, 8, 11, 30 Cheri Carrico, 8, 10, 23 Chloe Larson, 17, 47 Claire Doberstein, 9, 14, 25 Colleen Munro-Leighton, 16, 36, 45 Connie Mixon, 8, 10, 28 Courtney Spencer, 6, 12, 31

D

Dana Loncar, 17, 41 Daniel Bourgualt, 19, 36 Daniel Triplett, 7, 13, 32 Dawn Smith, 7, 10, 31 Debra Rodgers, 19, 45 Denisya Gatheright, 15, 16, 43, 48

E

Elizabeth Antablian, 16, 34

Elizabeth Davis, 19, 45 Elizabeth Majka, 9, 13, 15, 20, 21, 31, 37, 38, 39, 43, 46,

47, 48 Emily Marszalek, 18, 39, 42 Emily Mickley, 9, 14, 29 Emily Spoolstra, 15, 43 Emma Widlowski, 24 Erica Pentz, 9, 13, 30 Eve Mellgren, 15, 42 Eveline Yaghmour, 8, 11, 33

G

Georgia Ficarra, 16, 45 Gerard (Trace) Poll, 17, 41 Gina Carlson, 18, 36 Grace Bellino, 6, 11, 12, 24, 25

H

Hannah Kelley, 15, 40 Hannah Spoolstra, 15, 43 Hector Martinez, 15, 35

I

Imaan Ahmed, 20, 38 Irini Lipi, 19, 36 Isabel Juvan, 6, 12, 27 Izabela Sienko, 20, 43

J

Jacob Henry, 8, 11, 26 Jacob Matsche, 15, 42 Jake Kearley, 6, 11, 27 James Berry, 15, 40 Jamie Mahoney, 8, 10, 28 Janice Pohl, 6, 11, 24 Jennifer Anthony, 8, 11, 23 Jennifer Bailey, 6, 12, 19, 20, 32, 35, 36, 39, 40, 43 Jennifer Garcia, 24 Jessica Grimmer, 7, 10, 26 Jessica Kennel, 20, 40 Jessica Keys, 7, 12, 27 Jessica Luciani, 17, 41 Jessica Markey, 20, 39 Jessica Rushing, 20, 39 Jessica Schlotfeldt, 15, 40 Jorie Hoffrage, 9, 14, 26 Justyne Vu, 15, 16, 43, 48

K

Kaley Schmitt, 21, 47 Karina Breezer, 19, 36 Karly Hanna, 5, 24 Katelyn Ditzler, 19, 37

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Kathleen Suvada, 19, 47 Kathleen Walls, 6, 12, 32 Kathryn Panzica, 8, 11, 30 Kathryn Tiffany, 16, 48 Katie Mantych, 16, 45 Katie Tiffany, 15, 43 Katlyn Warcholek, 7, 11, 33 Kayla Goodwin, 6, 12, 32 Kellie Brennan, 7, 10, 25 Kelly Cunningham, 17, 36 Kevin Prehn, 16, 45 Kimberly McClure, 15, 16, 20, 35, 38, 40, 43, 45, 48 Konrad Malinowski, 6, 12, 28 Kristina Ruch, 17, 46 Kyle Bennett, 7, 12, 13, 23, 27

L

Laura Froeschke, 16, 34 Lauren Casanova, 19, 36 Lindsey Nolan, 19, 44 Lisa Dubin, 20, 38 Lisa Skeens, 16, 45 Loredana Lappano, 17, 41 Lucinda Simmons, 20, 46

M

Madiha Ahmed, 20, 38 Malaysia Wray, 18, 49 Maria Daniels, 19, 35 Maria Sanchez, 21, 47 Mark Harbold, 6, 12, 28 Maryna Oleksyuk, 16, 45 Maureen O'Bryan, 17, 41 Megan Holmes, 20, 39 Megan Stermetz, 17, 44 Michael Beusse, 15, 35 Michael Lindberg, 8, 11, 18, 26, 36, 37, 49 Michael Meadows, 7, 11, 29 Michael White, 21, 48 Michelle Accettura, 8, 10, 16, 23, 34 Mikayla Auerswald, 24 Mikayla Melone, 19, 36

N

Natalie Lezama, 20, 43 Naveeen Moinuddin, 15, 43 Neha Sharma, 17, 46 Nick Caruso, 17, 44 Nick DeLuca, 15, 35 Nicole Mikosz, 9, 13, 29

O

Olivia Prvulov, 8, 11, 30

P

Patrick Trzeciak, 16, 45

R

Rachel Burnison, 8, 11, 25 Rachel D'Andrea, 18, 37 Rebecca Arriola, 18, 34 Rebecca Leal, 8, 10, 11, 23, 25, 32 Rebecca Shih, 19, 35 Richard Arnold, 1, 5, 24 Riley Schweig, 15, 40 Rob Butler, 6, 12, 25 Robert Butler, 18, 44 Ruba Ahmed, 15, 40 Ruth Schumacher, 19, 44 Ryan Buck, 20, 38 Ryan Waters, 9, 12, 33

S

Safia Vohra, 15, 35 Salma Jabri, 20, 40 Samantha Bates, 17, 41 Samantha Michelli, 20, 43 Samantha Musick, 18, 44 Samantha Rydberg, 9, 13, 30 Sara Gulczynski, 18, 39 Shannon Hyer, 20, 40 Sharhonda Huff, 20, 39 Sharmeen Moinuddin, 15, 43 Soumya Matthews, 20, 43 Stacey Raimondi, 6, 12, 31 Stacy Van Pelt, 9, 12, 32 Stephanie Tribo, 9, 13, 31 Susan Swords Steffen, 18, 34

T

Tasneem Azeem, 20, 37 Taylor Barnes, 19, 35 Taylor Skinner, 21, 47 Teri Walker, 19, 37 Theresa Diamond, 20, 37 Tristan Duff, 20, 40

V

Vanessa Gomez, 6, 12, 32 Venkatesh Gopal, 19, 47

W

Whitney Taylor, 17, 47

ADDENDUM World Languages

Old Main 107

4:30 PM A Recurring Theme of Spanish Intolerance: the Undeniable Parallels Between Ancient and Modern Spain Shannon Burns, Spanish Faculty Mentor: Chris Travis

historic fortress that is the Alhambra, hovering over the city of Granada, serves as an eternal link between Spain's past and present dissension towards the Muslim community. Its presence simultaneously invokes pride within the Spanish nation, regarding their 15 century Re-conquest over the Muslim fortress, as well as an uneasiness towards the nation's religious heritage. Taken together, the Alhambra exemplifies the falsification of a peaceful coexistence in both ancient and modern Spain, or a pattern of intolerance within a country attempting to maintain their unity as a Christian nation. The failed attempts at assimilating and forcibly converting the Moors after the Re-conquest ultimately lead to the expulsion of Muslims from the city, exemplifying the established and oppressive bigotry. Faced presently with the intensifying European refugee crisis and escalating immigration population, this pattern of intolerance is resurfacing within the Spanish society. A nation still adamant on maintaining a sense of cultural and religious purity refuses to acknowledge their deep-rooted Muslim ties and any outward expression of the faith by its people. Consequently, the country remains divided amidst internal concerns as well as global terrorist concerns. The conflict between Christianity and Islam in Spain did not conclude with the expulsion of Muslims in the 17th century, rather the expulsion serves as the root of the widespread 'Islamophobia' that prevails today.

4:45 PM

El psicoanálisis y el surrealismo: un enfoque en las obras de los artistas Octavio Paz y Salvador Dalí Deyanira Chacon, Psychology, Spanish Faculty Mentor: Chris Travis

Surrealism was analyzed through a psychoanalytical perspective in the literary and artistic works of Octavio Paz and Salvador Dalí. Both artists share similar philosophies and surrealistic techniques, which according to Sigmund Freud, are expressed through their unconscious thoughts including fantasies and dreams. The strong influence of the surrealism movement in the 1920’s and the interpretation of psychoanalysis is represented in various works. Through this investigation, it is found that there is a strong relationship between surrealism and Freud’s psychoanalysis theory.

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5:00 PM

Cuba: An island fighting for its identity between the 20th and 21st centuries

Genevieve Nicketta, Communication Studies, Spanish Faculty Mentor: Chris Travis

Although Cuba has never maintained a stable political climate throughout any period in its history, the present discourse examines the political climate in Cuba from the beginning of Gerardo Machado's reign in 1925 until the current presidency of Raúl Castro. The discourse analyzes how governmental policies throughout the 20th and 21st centuries have influenced three aspects of Cuban society: living standards, infrastructure, and human rights. The discourse evaluates the state of these three aspects through the synthesis of various scholarly arguments. In addition, the discourse examines the advancement of the diplomatic relations between Cuba and the United States and postulates how such an advancement will influence Cuban society.

5:15 PM

The Impact of Bullfighting on the Spanish Identity: A Comparative Analysis of Literature by

Ernest Hemingway and Federico García Lorca Elizabeth Stephens, Accounting, Spanish Faculty Mentor: Chris Travis

The bullfight has long since been a key ingredient to the culture and identity of Spain. Authors, both foreign and Spanish have written much about the event and it is clear that there are differences in what they experience, understand, and finally communicate to their readers. Ernest Hemingway, an American author with a clear passion for Spanish culture and the bullfight, wrote several impressive novels surrounding this important aspect of the Spanish identity. He focuses on the strength and pride of the toreador, or bullfighter. He writes in narrative form and uses metaphor to communicate the bullfight's importance. Federico García Lorca, a Spanish poet, writes of the bullfight in a quite different, but equally passionate manner. As a native Spaniard, he has an intimate relationship with Spain and its culture, and therefore, the bullfight. His use of symbolism, surrealism, and emotion in his poetry provides a different view of the bullfight, which as an insider is arguably more complete. Through an analysis of both authors' style and perspective, the importance and continuance of such a controversial cultural event can be better understood.