1.6 Understand how moving ice acts as an agent of erosion and deposition. (Chapter 2)

1.4Understand how moving ice acts as an agent of erosion and deposition. (Chap. 2)There are two types of glaciation.Continental GlaciationAlpine Glaciation

Distinguish between the terms alpine glaciation and continental glaciation. (P.32)Continental GlaciationContinental glaciers cover parts of continental land masses; ex Greenland

Alpine GlaciationAlpine glaciers form high in mountain valleys; above the snow-line

BCDEAAlpine Glaciation

Distinguish between the terms alpine glaciation and continental glaciation. (P.32)SimilaritiesBoth move and cause erosionBoth change the landscapeBoth developed in constantly cold < 0 0C

DifferencesLocation Alpine = mountainContinental = earth polesSizeAlpine = smallerContinental = larger

Define the terms outwash plain, terminal moraine, erratics, drumlins & eskers. (P. 33 Q.12)These features are associated with continental glaciation.See picture p. 34

Outwash plainSimilar to a river deltaMelt water flowing from the glacier deposits silt Deposited in layersSmall particles carried further awayLarger particles drop closer to the glacier

Outwash plainOutwash Plain

Continental Glacier Outwash PlainOutwash PlainContinentalOutwash plain

ContinentalOutwash plain

Terminal moraineHeap or ridge of bulldozed gravel that marks the end of the forward motion of a glacier As glacier retreats it deposits debris/gravelP. 34

ContinentalTerminal MoraineOutwash PlainTerminal MoraineContinentalTerminal Moraine

ErraticsLarge boulders that were transported long distances and droppedThey now sit in a region and look very much out-of-place.P. 34

Erratic

Erratic

ContinentalErraticOutwash PlainTerminal MoraineErratic

Drumlins p. 34Egg shaped hillFormed under glaciersSloped or Pointy end points in direction of ice flow

Drumlins p. 34FormationIce melts under glacierDeposits of gravel madeGlacier moves forwardDeposits are bull-dozed along and catches up in rough areas forming piles or drumlins.

Drumlin

What direction did the glacier move?

ContinentalDrumlinOutwash PlainTerminal MoraineErraticDrumlinsEsker p. 34Long deposits of eroded glacial materialFormed by sub-glacial streams that deposit material like all rivers.Highways of the North!!

Esker

Esker

ContinentalEskerOutwash PlainTerminal MoraineErraticDrumlinsEskerExamine evidence for the direction of movement of glaciers. (P. 34 question # 13)Sloped end of drumlinLocation of terminal moraineWhat is direction of glacier movement in this picture?

ContinentalOutwash Plain

Define the terms cirque, arte, hanging valley, lateral moraine, and terminal moraine. (P. 36)These features are associated with alpine glaciers

Alpine glaciersAlpine glaciers are like very slow moving rivers of ice flowing down high mountain valleys.

Cirque (p. 36)a circular hollow cut into bedrock during glaciationSide and back walls are steep but front wall opens downward

Cirque - How formed?Alpine glacier freezes onto mountain valley and as is proceeds it plucks rock from the mountain top leaving the cirque shape.

BCDEACirqueCirque

Arte p. 36Steep, jagged, narrow, knife edged ridge between two cirques or glacier valleys.

BCDEACirqueAreteArte

Truncated SpurBlunt-ended ridge of rock jutting from the side of a glacial trough, or valley

BCDEACirqueAreteTruncated spursHorn or Pyramidal Peakis a mountaintop (peak) that has been modified by the action of ice during glaciation.

BCDEACirqueAreteTruncated spursHornHorn

Hanging ValleyA high level tributary valley from which the ground falls sharply to the level of the lower, main valley. The depth of the lower valley is due to more severe glaciation.

Most noticeable once glacier has melted!Hanging Valley

Hanging Valley

Hanging Valley in NewfoundlandHanging Valley in Gros Morne National park .

Trout River pond

Moraine means 'rock waste'.It is also known as glacial till Lateral Moraine is the land-form deposited at the side of a glacierDebris/waste rock drops off the side of the mountain as the glacier moves forming a ridge of debris at the outer-sides of the glacier.

Lateral MoraineLateral MoraineLateral Moraines

Kaskawulsh GlacierSt. Elias Mtns - Arctic

Terminal Morainedeposits that mark the farthest extent of the glacierGood indicator of the direction or movement of the glacier as well.

Alpine GlaciationTerminal Moraine

Medial MoraineThis is a ridge of rock waste found along the middle of the floor of a u - shaped valley.It occurs when two glaciers meet, two lateral moraines unite to form a medial moraine.

Medial MoraineMedial Moraine

Medial MoraineMedial Moraine

Alpine Glaciation

Kaskawulsh GlacierSt. Elias Mtns - Arctic

Describe how fiords are formed. (P.37) Alpine Glaciers erode troughs & valleys in the mountain

2.Glacier valley reaches the coast.3. Glacier melts and sea water floods the valley

FiordA glacially eroded or modified U-shaped valley that extends below sea level and connects to the ocean. Filled with seawaterGross Morne - Fiord

Fiord in NorwayNorway is well known for its abundant fiords

Continental Glacier