15.1 Liberal Reforms 15.1 Liberal Reforms in Great Britain & Its in Great Britain & Its

EmpireEmpire

15.1 Liberal Reforms 15.1 Liberal Reforms in Great Britain & Its in Great Britain & Its

EmpireEmpire

1800s - 1900s1800s - 1900s1800s - 1900s1800s - 1900s

LiberalismLiberalism is Born is BornLiberalismLiberalism is Born is Born

Industrial Revolution

Lots of money and power to Great Britain

Lots of problems and social inequalities

Belief gov’t must support/protect individual rights & civil liberties of individuals = liberalism

Industrial Revolution

Lots of money and power to Great Britain

Lots of problems and social inequalities

Belief gov’t must support/protect individual rights & civil liberties of individuals = liberalism

Liberalists are active!Liberalists are active!Liberalists are active!Liberalists are active!

as you know, since 1688 & the Glorious Revolution, Parliament (not the monarchy) ruled Great Britain.

House of Commons was supposed to represent all British people

but, there were lots of restrictions on right to vote and right to hold office

as you know, since 1688 & the Glorious Revolution, Parliament (not the monarchy) ruled Great Britain.

House of Commons was supposed to represent all British people

but, there were lots of restrictions on right to vote and right to hold office

Voting

Liberalists are active!Liberalists are active!Liberalists are active!Liberalists are active!

Only people who owned property could vote (6 percent of population)

voting was in the open – others could see how they voted

only men who owned lots of $ could be elected into House of Commons

no Jews, Catholics, etc. could hold political office

Only people who owned property could vote (6 percent of population)

voting was in the open – others could see how they voted

only men who owned lots of $ could be elected into House of Commons

no Jews, Catholics, etc. could hold political office

Voting

Liberalists are active!Liberalists are active!Liberalists are active!Liberalists are active!

1829 Catholic Emancipation Act allows Catholics to serve in Parliament (if they recognized Protestantism is the religion of England)

1829 Catholic Emancipation Act allows Catholics to serve in Parliament (if they recognized Protestantism is the religion of England)

Voting

Liberalists are active!Liberalists are active!Liberalists are active!Liberalists are active!

1832 Reform Bill -

took seats in House of Commons from less populated areas and gave to industrial areas (number seats (representatives) now based on population)

reduced property restrictions so now more people could vote

middle class now had a voice in Great Britain’s gov’t and power in Parliament

1832 Reform Bill -

took seats in House of Commons from less populated areas and gave to industrial areas (number seats (representatives) now based on population)

reduced property restrictions so now more people could vote

middle class now had a voice in Great Britain’s gov’t and power in Parliament

Liberalists are active!Liberalists are active!Liberalists are active!Liberalists are active!•resulted in birth of 2 major political parties

Liberal Party vs. Conservative Party

•resulted in birth of 2 major political parties

Liberal Party vs. Conservative Party

Voting

Social and Economic Change

Factory Act 1833 - reformed working conditions of women and children

1833 Slavery abolished - no more slavery in any British colony

1833 Public Education - beginnings of free public education

1846 Corn Laws Repealed- lowered taxes on corn - (first step towards free trade)

Factory Act 1833 - reformed working conditions of women and children

1833 Slavery abolished - no more slavery in any British colony

1833 Public Education - beginnings of free public education

1846 Corn Laws Repealed- lowered taxes on corn - (first step towards free trade)

Queen Victoria

• Becomes the Queen of England at the age of 18, after her uncle dies.

• The rule of Queen Victoria lasted 63 years and is known as the Victorian Age.

• Two prime ministers during the reign of Victoria.

• Becomes the Queen of England at the age of 18, after her uncle dies.

• The rule of Queen Victoria lasted 63 years and is known as the Victorian Age.

• Two prime ministers during the reign of Victoria.

Disraeli and GladstoneDisraeli and GladstoneDisraeli and GladstoneDisraeli and Gladstone

Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli (Conservative)(Conservative)

Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli (Conservative)(Conservative)

Britain gained the

Suez Canal.

Queen Victoria became the

Empress of India.

Britain gained the

Suez Canal.

Queen Victoria became the

Empress of India.

Prime Minister William Gladstone Prime Minister William Gladstone (Liberal) (Liberal)

Prime Minister William Gladstone Prime Minister William Gladstone (Liberal) (Liberal)

Education Act of 1870 - public education for all children. Became free in 1891.

began use of secret ballot in elections

Gave male agricultural workers the right to vote.

Education Act of 1870 - public education for all children. Became free in 1891.

began use of secret ballot in elections

Gave male agricultural workers the right to vote.

GladstoneGladstoneGladstoneGladstone

1801 Act of Union made Ireland part of Great Britain, but they did not have representation in Parliament.

When fungus attacked the potato crop between 1845-1855, famine swept Ireland.

Many Irish migrated to the U.S.

1801 Act of Union made Ireland part of Great Britain, but they did not have representation in Parliament.

When fungus attacked the potato crop between 1845-1855, famine swept Ireland.

Many Irish migrated to the U.S.

Reforms of Early 1900sReforms of Early 1900sReforms of Early 1900sReforms of Early 1900s

1905 Liberal Party Passed New Laws

1. old-age pensions (aka social-security)

2. health insurance

3. unemployment insurance

Taxes were increased on the wealthy to pay for programs.

Parliament Act of 1911 – took veto rights away from House of Lords on all Tax and Spending Bills.

1905 Liberal Party Passed New Laws

1. old-age pensions (aka social-security)

2. health insurance

3. unemployment insurance

Taxes were increased on the wealthy to pay for programs.

Parliament Act of 1911 – took veto rights away from House of Lords on all Tax and Spending Bills.

Women’s SuffrageWomen’s SuffrageWomen’s SuffrageWomen’s Suffrage

women in Great Britain

became suffragettes –

women who campaigned

for the right to vote.

women in Great Britain

became suffragettes –

women who campaigned

for the right to vote.

CanadaCanadaCanadaCanada

Canada settled by the Native Americans before the Europeans arrive.

Divided into Upper Canada (British settlers)

Lower Canada (French settlers)

1841 the Act of Union combined Upper and Lower Canada

1848 Great Britain granted Canada self-government on domestic (home: Canadian) matters

Canada settled by the Native Americans before the Europeans arrive.

Divided into Upper Canada (British settlers)

Lower Canada (French settlers)

1841 the Act of Union combined Upper and Lower Canada

1848 Great Britain granted Canada self-government on domestic (home: Canadian) matters

Canada continuedCanada continuedCanada continuedCanada continued

British North America Act of 1867 granted Canada its independence.

Official Name: Dominion of Canada with four provinces: Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick

British North America Act of 1867 granted Canada its independence.

Official Name: Dominion of Canada with four provinces: Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick

AustraliaAustraliaAustraliaAustralia

The first settlers of Australia are known as Aborigines came from Asia about 40,000 years ago.

In 1770 Captain James Cook, a British sailor, claimed Australia for Great Britain.

To help with prison overcrowding, Britain originally used Australia as a penal colony. The first convicts arrived in 1788. Later, Great Britain encouraged free settlers to move to Australia by paying for their boat trip and giving them land.

The first settlers of Australia are known as Aborigines came from Asia about 40,000 years ago.

In 1770 Captain James Cook, a British sailor, claimed Australia for Great Britain.

To help with prison overcrowding, Britain originally used Australia as a penal colony. The first convicts arrived in 1788. Later, Great Britain encouraged free settlers to move to Australia by paying for their boat trip and giving them land.

New ZealandNew ZealandNew ZealandNew Zealand

In 1840 the British took control when they signed a treaty with the Maori, the original inhabitants.

Like Australia’s Aborigines, many of the Maori died of diseases.

In 1893 New Zealand became the first country in the world to grant women the right to vote.

Australia gained its independence in 1901 and New Zealand in 1907.

In 1840 the British took control when they signed a treaty with the Maori, the original inhabitants.

Like Australia’s Aborigines, many of the Maori died of diseases.

In 1893 New Zealand became the first country in the world to grant women the right to vote.

Australia gained its independence in 1901 and New Zealand in 1907.