1.Sketch the character of Charlie chaplin as a film personality?

Charle chaplin was a born trouper.After a period of time as a waif ,he started playing small parts in the music hall and generally progressed to the roleplay like Peterpan.At last he was offered a chance of joining the famous Fred Karno company.In 1913 he was signed up by the expanding American film industry.

When Charlie chaplin entered films, there was chaos in the industry.There was competition from abroad and new companies sprangup.There was a rush of screen adaptations of plays and actors from broadway.One company which had a great future was keystone.It offered chaplin a contract.In his first film ,Making a living ,produced in a week,Charlie chaplin wore a frock coat,top hat,walrus moustache and eye glass.Released in 1914 it was a minor success but Charlie chaplin got favourable comment.He hit upon the screen character and costume which made him world famous.

Mack sennet,the key stone producer ,made his comedians attend a children’s auto race at the seaside resort of venice.The race was filmed.Charlie chaplin put on a funny costume for this race.This 45 minute film established his reputation.He was greatly delighted and wore the same costume and make up in every film for the next twenty five years.It was a costume personifying shabby gentility and fallen presented to the world with great success through many hundreds of films.He made one film a week.In the very first year he made 35 films.

In 1918 charlie chaplin made the film,Shoulder Arms.It secured great popularity.The next film,The Gold Rush was however,his master piece.In making the films,he followed his own standards and values.Still he was eager for knowledge from all sides.He was receptive to the ideas of others.The kid released in 1921 was his first full length movie.It dealt with Charlie chaplin’s own miserable early life.The Gold Rush of 1925 was his most celebrated film and he wanted to be remembered by this.City lights was his greatest film.It was a huge success and he was praised as an intellectual giant.He showed his creative magic in it.After the film,Moderntimes,he was not the same illustrious genius again.

Charlie chaplin stayed in Switzerland from 1952 to 1977.He made a brief visit to America in 1972 and was honoured for his contribution to the film industry.He died in 1977.

Charlie Chaplin’s legend lives on.Millions of movie lovers watch his films if only for a few minutes of laughter in this trouble torn world.He was a unique master entertainer.For twenty five years he was the most beloved film personality in the world.He was a writer, director,actor,producerand musician without an equal.As a sublime artist,he made a unique blend of comedy and sorrow.Indeed,all love him and his movies.

2.How does Satayajit Ray Justify his observation that film making is a tough business?

A: According to Satayajit Ray film making is a tough business for various reasons.This is true in the case of Indian films ,especially the Bengali films.With sufficiwent financial support ,men and materials it is easy for Hollywood to make a movie like Sparcatus , or for the soviet Russia to make a movie like War

and Peace .They can present battles, orgies, earthquakes ,fires and victory processions and other similar scenes.

However,in India epics can not be shown ,because we do not have enough money ,market, and technology to be able to compete with Hollywood.Therefore we have chosen the intimate type of cinemas.Our cinemas have adopted mood and atmosphere instead of grandeur and spectacle.Though our financial position has improved a little,we still have problems of our own.

If we consider film making from the initial stages, the first problem is finding an effective story which is viewed as property.Itis the director who chooses the story.His choice is based on two considerations.They are, his liking or sympathy for the story and his confidence that the story will make a good film.Here the public vbiew is important .The director must keep it in mind that if the film does not bringback its cost or capital,his backers will lose faith in him.He will become unwanted and a bad risk.A director may explore new themes and new aspects of society and human relations but they will find only a minority public or viewers.Therefore the director must be careful about his budget.Similarly the director must avoid full-bodied treatment of physical passion.Love scenes in India must be suggestive only in the spirit of established moral conventions.

Inspite of all these problems,it is within the powers of the director to make a good film or bad film .It is exciting to be able to create beauty even in the absence of necessities and comfort.