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16 - 1©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
Audit of the Inventoryand Warehousing Cycle
Chapter 16
16 - 2©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
Learning Objective 1
Identify the business functions
and the related documents
and records in the inventory
and warehousing cycle.
16 - 3©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
Functions in the Inventoryand Warehousing Cycle
Processpurchase
orders
Processpurchase
orders
Storeraw
materialsProcess the goodsProcess the goods
Receive rawmaterials
Receive rawmaterials
16 - 4©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
Functions in the Inventoryand Warehousing Cycle
Storefinishedgoods
Shipfinishedgoods
Shipfinishedgoods
16 - 5©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
Learning Objective 2
Describe how e-commerce
affects inventory management.
16 - 6©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
How E-Commerce Affects Inventory Management
The Internet enables clients to provide expandeddescriptions of their inventory on a real-time basis.
The use of the Internet and other e-commerceapplications may lead to financial reportingrisks if access to inventory databases and
systems is not adequately controlled.
16 - 7©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
Learning Objective 3
Explain the five parts of
the audit of the inventory
and warehouse cycle.
16 - 8©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
Audit of Inventory
Internally transferassets and costs.
Acquire and recordraw materials, labor,
and overhead.
Part of audit Cycle in which testedAcquisition and
payment pluspayroll and personnel
Inventory andwarehousing
16 - 9©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
Audit of Inventory
Physically observeinventory.
Price and compileinventory.
Cycle in which testedShip goods and record
revenue and costs.
Part of auditSales andcollection
Inventory andwarehousing
Inventory andwarehousing
16 - 10©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
Learning Objective 4
Design and perform audit
tests of cost accounting.
16 - 11©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
Cost Accounting Controls
2. Controls over the related costs
1. Physical Controls
Raw materials WIP Finished goods
16 - 12©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
Tests of Cost Accounting
Physical Controls
Documents and records fortransferring inventory
Perpetual inventory master files
Unit cost records
16 - 13©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
Learning Objective 5
Apply analytical procedures to
the accounts in the inventory
and warehousing cycle.
16 - 14©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
Analytical Procedures for Manufacturing Equipment
Analytical Procedure Possible Misstatement
Compare gross margin Overstatement orpercentage with that of understatement ofprevious years. inventory and cost
of goods soldCompare inventory turnover Obsolete inventory(cost of goods sold divided Overstatement or by average inventory) with understatement ofthat of previous years. inventory
16 - 15©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
Analytical Procedures for Manufacturing Equipment
Analytical Procedure Possible Misstatement
Compare unit costs of Overstatement orinventory with those of understatement ofprevious years. unit costs
Compare extended Misstatements ininventory value with that compilation, unitof previous years. costs, or extensions
16 - 16©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
Analytical Procedures for Manufacturing Equipment
Analytical Procedure Possible Misstatement
Compare current year Misstatement of unitmanufacturing costs with costs of inventory,those of previous years especially direct(variable costs should be labor andadjusted for changes in manufacturingvolume). overhead
16 - 17©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
Methodology for DesigningTests of Details of Balances
Identify client business risks affectingthe inventory and warehousing cycles.
Set tolerable misstatement andassess inherent risk for the
inventory and warehousing cycles.
Assess control risk for several cycles.
16 - 18©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
Methodology for DesigningTests of Details of Balances
Design and perform tests ofcontrols and substantive tests
of transactions for theseveral cycles.
Design and perform analyticalprocedures for the inventory
and warehousing cycle.
16 - 19©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
Methodology for DesigningTests of Details of Balances
Design tests of detailsof inventory to satisfy
balance-relatedaudit objectives.
Audit proceduresSample size
Items to selectTiming
16 - 20©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
Learning Objective 6
Design and perform
physical observation
audit tests for inventory.
16 - 21©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
Controls
Proper instructions for the physical count
Supervision by responsible personnel
Independent interval verification of the counts
Independent reconciliations of the physicalcounts with perpetual inventory master files
Adequate control over count sheets or tags
16 - 22©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
Selection of items
Sample size
Timing
Audit Decisions
16 - 23©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
Physical Observation Tests
The most important part of the observationof inventory is determining whether the
physical count is being taken in accordancewith the client’s instructions.
16 - 24©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
Balance-Related Objectives: Physical Inventory Observation
Existence
Completeness
Accuracy
Inventory as recorded on tags exist.
Existing inventory iscounted and tagged.
Inventory is countedaccurately.
16 - 25©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
Classification
Cutoff
Inventory is classified correctly on the tags.
Transactions are recorded in the proper period.
Balance-Related Objectives: Physical Inventory Observation
16 - 26©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
Balance-Related Objectives: Physical Inventory Observation
Rights The client has rights
to inventory recorded on tags
Realizable Value
Obsolete and unusableinventory items areexcluded or noted.
16 - 27©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
Learning Objective 7
Design and perform audit
tests of pricing and
compilation for inventory.
16 - 28©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
Audit of Pricing and Compilation
Inventory compilation tests
Inventory price tests
16 - 29©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
Valuationof inventory
Pricing andcompilationprocedures
Pricing andcompilation
controls
Audit of Pricing and Compilation
16 - 30©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
Balance-Related Objectives:Inventory Pricing and Compilation
Detailtie-in
Existence
Completeness Accuracy
16 - 31©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
Balance-Related Objectives:Inventory Pricing and Compilation
ClassificationRealizable
value
RightsPresentation
and disclosure
16 - 32©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
Valuation (Pricing) of Inventory
Pricing Purchased Inventory
Pricing Manufactured Inventory
Cost or Market
16 - 33©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
Learning Objective 8
Integrate the various parts of
the audit of the inventory
and warehousing cycle.
16 - 34©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
Interrelationship ofVarious Audit Tests
Tests of acquisitionand payment cycle
Raw materialsAcquisitions ofraw materials
Work in processOther manufacturing
overhead
16 - 35©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
Interrelationship ofVarious Audit Tests
Tests of payrolland personnel cycle
Work in processDirect labor
Work in processIndirect labor
16 - 36©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
Interrelationship ofVarious Audit Tests
Inventory tests
Raw materialsEnding inventory
Work in processEnding inventory
Finished goodsEnding inventory
16 - 37©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
Interrelationship ofVarious Audit Tests
Tests of sales andcollection cycle
Tests of sales andcollection cycle
Finished goodsCost of goods sold
16 - 38©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
Integration of the Tests
Acquisition and payment cycle
Payroll and personnel cycle
Sales and collection cycle
Cost accounting
Physical inventory, pricing, and compilation
16 - 39©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
End of Chapter 16