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Weak forms,

strong forms

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Weak forms,

strong forms

I can!

She has!

He was!

I can leave!

She has decided !

He was afraid

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I decided to wait at the corner of the street for the girl

from Ipanema

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I can see John was trying.

John has been trying too long.

He must try betterHe must have been trying

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I can see John was trying.

John has been trying too long.

He must try better

He must have been trying

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I think he knows

I think she knows

I think we know

Ill be thereIve been robbed

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Words which change before a word

beginning with a vowel

1

be, he, she

Ill be there Ill be early

Does he drink? Does he agree?

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Words which change before a word

beginning with a vowel

2

do, to, you

What do they want? What do Amricans want?

Give it to Mary give it to Arthur

Did you make it? Did you eat it?

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Words which change before a word

beginning with a vowel

3

for, her, are, were

for me for all of us

her mother her aunt

What are they doing what are all the children

doing

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foregroundingMary has seen him before

Mary has seen him before

Mary has seen hm before

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comparative stressThis train isnt coming from London, its going to

London

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evasion of repetition (deaccenting)Government of the people, buy the people, for

the people

City life is great, as long as you dont actually

live in the city

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citation formsHow do you spell the word than?

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Prepositions and auxiliary verbs are strongat the end of utterances

I come from BrightonBrightons where I come

from

Do you want to come

Im not sure I want to

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Prepositions and auxiliary verbs are strongat the end of utterances - but pronouns

remain weak

I dont want to see him

I dont want to see her

I dont want to see them

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(c) Different grammatical function

that: weak when relative(complementizer), strong when a

determiner

thats the man that I saw

He said that that was the man he saw

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(c) Different grammatical function

some weak when an indefinite deteriminer,strong when adjectival

There are some people waiting to see you

Some of them are drunk

Some party this is!

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(c) Different grammatical function

Verbs which can be eithermain orlexical(strong forms) orauxiliary (weak forms)

Jean has found it

Jean has the answer

Does Paul agree?Paul does his duty

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Structural words beginnng with h- drop the

h when weak

I gave her the letter

I gave him the letter

Toby went to see his mother

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Structural words beginnng with h- drop the

h when weak but usually retain it at the

beginning of a sentence

His mother was glad to see him

Her answer was quite definite

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Structural words beginnng with h- drop the

h when weak but usually retain it at the

beginning of a sentence

Adam has lost it

What have you done with the evidence?

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If the dropped h leads to V-V, it may

reappear, or lead to r-insertion

I tried to give her his letter

Tessa has lost it

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H-dropping does not occur on lexical words in

RP English!

Harry hurt his head

Nor does it occur on stressed structural words

He hurt his head, not not hers

But some lexical words are spelled with a

silent h honest, hour --- hotel? herb?

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Mary and Bruce and quicker than me but slower

than you

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am is are was were have has had does did

can will must

I think I can do it

Jane will have finished by now

When does she leave work?

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We must get some more

What was I saying

Where were the children

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Thats not what i said

That isnt what I said

You cant do that

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web page

http://www.hi.is/~peturk/KENNSLA/02/TOP/weaksLookup.htmlhttp://www.hi.is/~peturk/KENNSLA/02/TOP/weaksLookup.html

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The first 2 columns show whether the word takes 0 ori when it is

weak. If it takes final this should be regarded as the 'happY'

vowel, i.e. it may be tensed to , especially if it is followed by a

vowel in the next word - look in column 4.Column 3 shows forms which lose their initial h except at the

beginnings of utterances

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Columns 4-8 show words which change before vowels, and the

changes concerned. An arrow means "becomes".Column 6 applies only to non-rhotic accents; the rhotic accents will

always have a final -r in these words. Also, many American accentsdo not change to as in column 5.

Columns 7 and 8 only concern the words the and a (an). Thechange in the before vowels does not take place in many American

accents.

Finally, column 9 shows those words which retain their STRONG

vowel at the end of utterances, BUT REMAIN UNSTRESSED.

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