1608—Champlain started permanent French settlement at Quebec Late that century, La Salle claimed Mississippi basin for France. Map of New France (Champlain,

• 1608—Champlain started permanent French settlement at Quebec• Late that century, La Salle claimed Mississippi basin for France.

Map of New France (Champlain, 1612).

• They clashed over the area known as La Florida: much of Georgia, South Carolina, the Florida peninsula, and land along the Gulf Coast.

• Spain wanted to guard the sea routes for Spanish treasure ships returning from Mexico.– Since the 1500s, there were Spanish missions

along the Atlantic coast.– By the 1600s, they had nearly 40 missions in

Florida and Georgia.

• As English colonies expanded southward, Spanish missions and settlements were threatened.– Carolina slave traders began to attack the

missions.

• By 1700, the Spanish presence was only in the areas of San Augustine and Pensacola

Above: Castillo de San Marcos Nat’l Monument, St. Augustine, FLBelow: St. Augustine City Gates c.1912

The Seven Years’ War was the 4th & final war for empire in a series of French & Indian wars waged by the major European colonial empires.

French and Indian War (1754–1763) became part of a larger war between France and Britain, the Seven Years’ War. War broke out in the colonies first, then

spread to the European continent.

• French built Fort Duquesne in Ohio River Valley, present-day Pittsburgh.

• British wanted to build a settlement there.• In 1754 an unsuccessful attempt by the

British militia (led by George Washington) to take the land from the French was the first skirmish of the French & Indian War.

A Modern Day Reconstruction of Fort Duquesne

General Edward Braddock evict the French from the Ohio Valley & Canada (Newfoundland & Nova Scotia)

Attacks Ohio Valley, Mohawk Valley, & Acadia.

After having 5 horses shot out from him, he was killed 10 miles from Ft. Duquesne by 1500 French and Indian forces.

• Only British Success expelled France from Louisiana.

BritishBritish• March in formation or March in formation or bayonet charge. bayonet charge.

• British officers wanted to British officers wanted to take charge of colonials.take charge of colonials.

• Prima Donna British Prima Donna British officers with servants officers with servants & tea settings. & tea settings.

• Drills & tough discipline.Drills & tough discipline.

• Colonists should payColonists should pay for their own defense. for their own defense.

• Indian-style guerillaIndian-style guerilla tactics. tactics.

• Colonial militias served Colonial militias served under own captains.under own captains.

• No military deference No military deference or protocols observed.or protocols observed.

• Resistance to risingResistance to rising taxes. taxes.

• Casual, Casual, non-professionals. non-professionals.

Methods ofMethods ofFighting:Fighting:

MilitaryMilitaryOrganization:Organization:

MilitaryMilitaryDiscipline:Discipline:

Finances:Finances:

Demeanor:Demeanor:

British-American Colonial British-American Colonial Tensions Ignite During the WarTensions Ignite During the War

British-American Colonial British-American Colonial Tensions Ignite During the WarTensions Ignite During the War

ColonialsColonials

• The first years of the war went badly for the British. The French won battle after battle.

• British officers in America: – Forced colonists into the army– Seized supplies– Sent soldiers to stay in colonists’ houses

• When colonists resisted these actions, more British soldiers were sent from England to fight in the war.

• In 1758, the British began winning the war.• When the British took Quebec in 1759, it was the

turning point in the war.

• Pitt decided to concentrate on the war in North America, rather than the war in Europe, and put Britain’s main effort into taking Canada from the French.

• Pitt understood colonial concerns & offered them a compromise:– In exchange for loyalty, military

cooperation, & help expelling the French from Canada, he promised:• Compensation to colonial legislatures for

their efforts in the war.• Lord Loudoun would be removed from

his post as commanderWilliam Pitt

• In 1758, the British began winning the war.

• 1758 British lost at Fort Ticonderoga (a French fort near Lake Champlain) but under General Jeffrey Amherst, took Louisbourg.

• 1759 July 25th—British, American, & Indian forces took Fort Niagara, captured Fort Ticonderoga by winter (but did not advance further than Lake Champlain until after winter.)

• Wolfe’s forces led a surprise attack on the French fort via the Plain’s of Abraham.

• General Wolfe (British) took Quebec from the French General Marquis de Montcalm (both died in battle).

The Death of General Wolfe by Benjamin West. Oil on canvas, 1770.

• Montreal fell in 1760. – For the most part, the war in

North America was finished, though fighting in Europe, Asia, and Africa continued.

• By 1761, Spain had become an ally of French

• Treaty formally ended the war in Europe and the French & Indian War in North America.

• Britain gained all French land east of the Mississippi River, including much of what is now Canada.

• Spain had allied with France. It gave up control of Florida to Britain. France gave Spain the Louisiana Territory.

• France kept two islands near Canada and regained some Caribbean islands, but gave up all claims to its North American territories.

1. It increased her colonial empire in the Americas.

2. It greatly enlarged England’s debt, totally around 130 million British Pounds..

4. Britain’s contempt for the colonials created bitter feelings.

3. Members of Parliament, including Prime Minister Greenville, believed that colonists should have to pay some of the debt incurred from the war, seeing that the colonists benefitted from the French expulsion from North America.

• Ironworkers, shipbuilders, and farmers profited by supplying the army.

• Carolinian and Georgian slave owners benefited from the acquisition of Florida because runaway slaves could no longer seek haven there.

• The war forced colonists to work together.

• British officials thought the colonists should pay some of the war expenses.

• George Grenville, the British prime minister in 1760, had strict policies that alienated the colonists more.

George Grenville

• He also believed colonists should also pay for standing army Britain kept in America, meaning soldiers’ salaries would be paid by the colonists.

1.1. It united them against a common enemy for It united them against a common enemy for the first time.the first time.

2.2. It created a socializing experience for It created a socializing experience for all the colonials who participated.all the colonials who participated.

3.3. It created bitter feelings towards the It created bitter feelings towards the British that would only intensify.British that would only intensify.

Fort DetroitFort Detroit

British “gifts” of smallpox-infected British “gifts” of smallpox-infected blankets from Fort Pitt.blankets from Fort Pitt.

• Reserved the land west of the Appalachian Mountains for Native Americans to prevent further disputes and violence between settlers & Indians

• Gave British officials control of westward migration– British increase colonial taxes to pay

for British troops patrolling the line

– Not widely enforced due to bribery and lack of numbers of troops for enforcement

• Slowed movement out of cities that were centers of trade and prosperity

• A group of Paxton men (from Paxtang, PA) attacked the peaceful Conestoga Indians out of frustration for the legislatures refusal to supply the town with soldiers or arms to protect itself, which had many Quakers with pacifist (anti-war) beliefs.– Paxton men continued on and went to attack another peaceful tribe, the

Moravian Indians, which fled to Philadelphia for safety.– News of these events prompted Governor John Penn to issue warrants for

the arrest of the perpetrators, but sympathetic frontiersmen refused to assist in bringing the Paxton Boys to justice.

– Benjamin Franklin helped broker the end of the stand-off and while the Paxton men met with officials, nothing was solved.

• The actions of the Paxton Boys significant because:– It was a measure of hostility that existed between frontiersman and

Indians• Many white settlers concluded during Pontiac’s Rebellion that the races

could not live together. Removal and extinction were the only solutions. – March on Philadelphia was early example of how regional &

social tensions can blow up.

• Weakened by war• British felt the

Iroquois did not fully support them and no longer felt friendly toward them.

• Proclamation of 1763 took native lands.

• Settlers often ignored the Proclamation.

Slide Sources:

2 PowerPoint Template: http://www.mvhs.alpine.k12.ut.us/Mack%20Fieldsted/POWER%20Presentations/Chapter%203/chapt%203%20power%20presentation.ppt

3 PowerPoint Template: http://www.mvhs.alpine.k12.ut.us/Mack%20Fieldsted/POWER%20Presentations/Chapter%203/chapt%203%20power%20presentation.pptImage: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesuit_missions_in_North_America

4 PowerPoint Template: http://www.mvhs.alpine.k12.ut.us/Mack%20Fieldsted/POWER%20Presentations/Chapter%203/chapt%203%20power%20presentation.pptTop Picture: http://www.nps.gov/casa/index.htm & Bottom Picture: http://www.nps.gov/casa/historyculture/index.htm

5 http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h840.html, http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h846.html, http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h847.html, & http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h608.html

6 North America 1750 Map: http://wps.ablongman.com/wps/media/objects/1483/1518969/DIVI080.jpg

7 PowerPoint Template: http://www.mvhs.alpine.k12.ut.us/Mack%20Fieldsted/POWER%20Presentations/Chapter%203/chapt%203%20power%20presentation.pptIroquois Confederacy Map: http://i157.photobucket.com/albums/t45/maggie6138/maggie2/iroquoisl-map.gif

8 PowerPoint Template: http://www.mvhs.alpine.k12.ut.us/Mack%20Fieldsted/POWER%20Presentations/Chapter%203/chapt%203%20power%20presentation.ppt & http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h789.html


10 PowerPoint Template: http://www.mvhs.alpine.k12.ut.us/Mack%20Fieldsted/POWER%20Presentations/Chapter%203/chapt%203%20power%20presentation.pptFort Duquesne Reconstruction: http://www.rayottulich.com/modelspage.html & Battle Map: http://www.pptpalooza.net/PPTs/AHAP/FrenchAndIndianWar.ppt

11 PowerPoint Template: http://www.pptpalooza.net/PPTs/AHAP/FrenchAndIndianWar.ppt Braddock Picture: http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/hh/19/hh19c1.htm Braddock Map: http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/hh/19/hh19c2.htm

http://www.mvhs.alpine.k12.ut.us/Mack%20Fieldsted/POWER%20Presentations/Chapter%203/chapt%203%20power%20presentation.ppt

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesuit_missions_in_North_America


http://www.nps.gov/casa/index.htm

http://www.nps.gov/casa/historyculture/index.htm

http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h840.html




http://wps.ablongman.com/wps/media/objects/1483/1518969/DIVI080.jpg






http://www.rayottulich.com/modelspage.html

http://www.pptpalooza.net/PPTs/AHAP/FrenchAndIndianWar.ppt


http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/hh/19/hh19c1.htm

http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/hh/19/hh19c2.htm

Slide Sources:

12 Seven Years’ War Map: http://wps.ablongman.com/wps/media/objects/1483/1518969/DIVI084.jpg

13 PowerPoint Template: http://www.pptpalooza.net/PPTs/AHAP/FrenchAndIndianWar.ppt Loudoun Picture: http://fortloudoun.com/?page_id=10 & Montcalm Picture: http://www.parl.gc.ca/Sites/Collections//fine_arts/historical/2022-f.htm


15 PowerPoint Template: http://www.pptpalooza.net/PPTs/AHAP/FrenchAndIndianWar.ppt

16 PowerPoint Template: http://www.pptpalooza.net/PPTs/AHAP/FrenchAndIndianWar.ppt William Pitt Photo: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Elderpitt.jpg

17 PowerPoint Template (includes map): http://www.pptpalooza.net/PPTs/AHAP/FrenchAndIndianWar.ppt

18 PowerPoint Template: http://www.pptpalooza.net/PPTs/AHAP/FrenchAndIndianWar.ppt Plains of Abraham Map: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Plains2009.jpg

19 Image: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Benjamin_West_005.jpg


21 PowerPoint Template: http://www.mvhs.alpine.k12.ut.us/Mack%20Fieldsted/POWER%20Presentations/Chapter%203/chapt%203%20power%20presentation.pptMap: http://faculty.umf.maine.edu/~walters/web%20103/map-proclamation-line.jpg



http://wps.ablongman.com/wps/media/objects/1483/1518969/DIVI084.jpg


http://fortloudoun.com/?page_id=10

http://www.parl.gc.ca/Sites/Collections//fine_arts/historical/2022-f.htm




http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Elderpitt.jpg



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Plains2009.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Benjamin_West_005.jpg



http://faculty.umf.maine.edu/~walters/web%20103/map-proclamation-line.jpg



Slide Sources:

24 PowerPoint Template: http://www.mvhs.alpine.k12.ut.us/Mack%20Fieldsted/POWER%20Presentations/Chapter%203/chapt%203%20power%20presentation.pptImage: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:George_Grenville.png



27 PowerPoint Template: http://www.mvhs.alpine.k12.ut.us/Mack%20Fieldsted/POWER%20Presentations/Chapter%203/chapt%203%20power%20presentation.pptMap: PowerPoint Template: http://www.pptpalooza.net/PPTs/AHAP/FrenchAndIndianWar.ppt


29 http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1188.html



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:George_Grenville.png



Documents

1608—Champlain started permanent French settlement at Quebec Late that century, La Salle claimed Mississippi basin for France. Map of New France (Champlain,