162 the Gambia - Zaragoza · he Gambia River is a transboundary river shared with three other countries: Guinea Bissau, Guinea, and Senegal. he entire territory of the Gambia lies

Legend The rapid assessment of the situation above based on available data was established in conjunction with in-country experts and officials It provides an overview of trends according to the following

trends are of significant concern

trends are of concern

trends are stable or progressing on certain issues but not on others

trends show some measure of improvement in all relevant indicators assessed

trends show significant improve-ment and there is no concern

insufficient data

Rapid Assessment

Accurate assessments of progress require relevant accurate and timely data The above data quality assessment ranges from

very poor very good

InvestmentsOver the period 1999 to 2011 the Government ofthe Gambiarsquos water-related investments accountedfor an estimated 21 percent of total government ex-penditure Government investments were essentiallytargeting water supply and sanitation ndash large systemsand agricultural water resources There are severalyears for which data is not available in most of the water-related investment categories ODA gross dis-bursements were mainly directed at basic drinkingwater supply and basic sanitation and water supplyand sanitation - large systems

OverallPressures on waterThe Gambia River is a transboundary river shared with three other countries Guinea Bissau Guineaand Senegal The entire territory of the Gambia lies within the Gambia River Basin Continuouslysaline conditions exist in the lower reaches ofthe River Gambia and its tributaries where the population centers and tourism facilities are locatedThe key priorities for water in the Gambia are operationalization of the National Water Policy toensure IWRM strengthening of the human andinfrastructure capacities of sector institutionsimprovement of groundwater management (themain source of domestic water supply throughoutthe country) and empowerment of communitiesto participate effectively in water managementExisting legislation is not in harmony with the new policy and sector institutions are not structured and organized to implement an integrated approach towater management

This project was implemented by the AQUASTAT Programme of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) on behalf of UN-Water with financial support from United States Department of State (USDS) Brief produced 21 June 2013

Additional information on the project data and methodologies can be accessed at

httpwwwunwaterorgWaterCountryBriefshtml

Data Quality

Accurate up-to-date figures on irrigated areas arenot available

Limited data on drinking water quality is available

Data is not readily available

Limited data available for analysis

Insufficient data for analysis

The Gambia has participated in the UN-Water questionnaire on Integrated Approaches in theDevelopment Management and Use of Water Resources

AssessmentsIrrigated agricultureDuring 1982 to 2000 the value generated by agriculture per m3 of water increased by 2 percent annuallyBy developing tidal irrigation where appropriate and improving cultivation practices the Gambia couldincrease output

Drinking water supply and sanitationSome 11 percent of the total population remained without improved water sources most predominantlyin rural areas Thirty-two percent of the total population did not use an improved sanitation facility in2010

Water intensity in industry During 2000 to 2005 the value generated by industry per m3 of water increased by 2 percent annually

Water-related disasters The Gambias National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) is quite detailed and most of the priorities identified are targeted by priority projects Such projects are however limited resulting inthe fact that a number of key vulnerable sectors including energy human health gender and forestryhave not been addressed

Environment and ecosystem healthInsufficient data for analysis

Tracking governanceOperationalization of the National Water Policy legislative reform and shortage of data collectionprocessing and dissemination are among the key challenges

Data ConcernsData on the status and pressures of water bodies is an essential decision-making tool for the rational management of water resources At present the monitoring capacity in the Gambia is clearly insufficient to give reliable data both on water quanti-ty and quality The lack of reliable data would cause challenges with regard to a proper management of water resources eg prioritization of actions and investments and may complicate the introduction of integrated water management principles Assessment of the anthropogenic pressures on water is lacking as is data on the quality of water resources

Investments in coordinated data collection collation analysis and dissemination is vital to demonstrate the benefits of water-related investments to govern-ments donors and also private investors

It is to be noted that it is virtually impossible to find national-level gender-disaggregated data for almost all themes contained in the UN-Water Country Briefs

Disclaimersbull The most recent and updated information can be found in the original databases cited throughout

bull The rapid assessment methodology presented hereis an advocacy tool designed to generate debateand attention to the issues and is developed in conjunction with national government focal points

bull Data presented herein stems either from existingdatabases or was collected from national reportsexperts and institutions and in some cases raw data underwent various manipulations to categorize theinformation for this presentation

bull Due to data limitations the investment-related esti-mates may not include water-related investments thatare counted under other categories of investmentsand some investment categories (ie disaster preven-tion and preparedness) may include some investmentsthat are not directly water-related Moreover waterbeing a crosscutting issue investments in other partsof the government (not calculated here) may also benefit water management

bull The words investments invested funded for ODA refer to gross disbursements of ODA accordingto the OECD definitions The words investments invested funded for government refer to governmentexpenditure (2006 ndash 2010) and government budget(1999 - 2005 2011 amp 2012) In addition investmentdata and analysis do not include any other forms of investment (such as private sector investments)

(

(

(

Farafenni

BasseSanta Su

BanjulBankoteh

Brikama

Sandougou

Senegal

Senegal

Guinea Bissau

AtlanticOcean

NORTH BANK

WESTERN

LOWERRIVER

CENTRAL

RIVER

UPPERRIVER

KOMBOSAINTMARY

BANJUL(

(

Gambia

0 20 40 60

Kilometres

l

The designations employed and the presentation of material in thispublication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoeveron the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UnitedNations concerning the legal status of any country territory cityor area or of its authorities or concerning the delimitation of its

frontiers or boundaries

DisclaimerFAO - AQUASTAT 2005

City

River

Water Body

Administrative Boundary

International Boundary

Legend(

GAMBIA

year

The Money Stream

183 million inhabitants

11 300 km2

162 inhabitantskm2

0439 165

0594

135

836 mmyear

8 000 million m3year

4 384 m3inhabitant

13

5 000 ha

1

6

3 sites

31 244 hectares

Total population (UN Population Division)

Total area

Population density

Human Development Index (UNDP)

(between 0 and 1 1 is highest) Country rank (total 186 countries 1 is highest) Gender Inequality Index (0 is equality between women and men 1 is least equality)

Water sanitation and hygiene-related deaths of total deaths (WHO)

Long-term average annual precipitation (CRU CL 20)

Long-term average actual renewable water resources (FAO AQUASTAT)

Actual annual renewable water resources per capita (FAO AQUASTAT)

of total actual renewable freshwater resources withdrawn (MDG Water Indicator) (FAO AQUASTAT)

Total area equipped for irrigation (FAO FAOSTAT)

of the cultivated area equipped for irrigation (FAO FAOSTAT and AQUASTAT)

of irrigation potential equipped for irrigation (FAO AQUASTAT)

Ramsar sites (Ramsar) ndash number ndash total area

2012

2011

2012

2012

2004

2011

2011

2012

2005

2011

2011

2011

2013

Water withdrawals by sector (total 102 million m3 in 2005)

40 Municipal

the Gambia

Industrial

Agricultural

21 39

UN-Water Country Brief

From 2002 to 2011 the government has invested US$ 170 million (in constant 2010 US$) on average per year on water-related infrastructure and programmes Governmentrsquos investments were primarily channeled into water supply and sanitation on large systems (614 percent) and agricultural water resources (213 percent)

During the same period official development assistance (ODA) gross disbursements amounted to US$ 567 million on average per year channeling its disbursements mainly into water supply and sanitation (626 percent) and water resources policy and administrative management (148 percent)

Over the period 1999 to 2011 the Government of Gambiarsquos water-related investments accounted for an estimated 21 percent of total government expenditure

Estimated of water-related investment to total government expenditure (1999 to 2011)

21

Annual average government expenditure during the period Annual average official development assistance gross 2006 - 2010 and budget during the period 2002 - 2005 and 2011 disbursements during the period 2002 ndash 2011

(million constant 2010 US$) (million constant 2010 US$)

105

Disaster prevention and prepared-nessflood protection and control

130 614 036 051

90 55 009 001 02 41 25007 01436 28 109006 225 13 148 ___

213

005 062

229

397

___ 100 100

002 084

total annual average 170 567 total annual average

40

50

60

70

80

Impact for developmentDuring 2000 to 2005 the value generated by industry per m3 of water increased by 2 percent annually There is no significant conflict between the industry and other water users since there is a sufficient quantity of water available at this point

Water Intensityin Industry

Value added by industryin million constant 2000 US$

Value generated by industry per m3 of water(FAO AQUASTAT World Bank)

mill

ion

cons

tant

200

0 U

S$

Value generated by industryin constant 2000 US$ per m3 of water

1990 1995 2000 2005

280

304

A well coordinated expansion of irrigated areas will increase productivity food security and raise farmers income The assessment of different irrigation schemes indicate that tidal irrigation is more cost effective than pump irrigation However salt intrusion from the ocean to the River Gambia is threatening tidal irrigation

Disputes over land ownership and competition among different water users pose an additional challenge

During 1982 to 2000 the value generated by agriculture per m3 of water increased by 2 percent annually

Impact for developmentPumping irrigation water from the River Gambia has a potentially negative impact on the salt front in the river and thus on the environment overall It has been estimated that if 1 m3s is pumped from the Upper River during the dry season the salt front can move up to 4 km upstream To avoid an increase in salinity the safe limit for irrigation from the River Gambia without major dam construction was estimated to be a maximum of 2 400 hectares in the dry season Deforestation is a problem due to the high and ever-increasing demand for fuel wood Wastewater treatment ponds are deemed to be small and insufficient to handle the discharge volumes received The need for bigger chambers and ponds remains a serious challenge to meet demand Industrial and domestic effluents are discharged without treatment which can cause pollution of the receiving water bodies namely the groundwater

Impact for developmentImplementation of the first National Water Policy approved by the cabinet in 2007 ensures the application of the principles of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) Furthermore strengthening the capacities of water institutions and reforming the legislature to respond to the needs are some of the challenges the Gambia faces Other challenges include shortage of human capacity to implement the IWRM approach to assess water resources as well as to manage hydro-meteorological data and information systems There is also a shortage of equipment and facilities for data collection processing and dissemination

Tracking WaterGovernance

Irrigated Agriculture

Impact for developmentIn 2011 agriculture accounted for 19 percentof gross domestic product In 2012 womenaccounted for 54 percent of the economicallyactive population in agriculture The mainirrigated crop is rice The scope of interventionin extending irrigation and water storage iscurrently below what is required to maximizeproduction Irrigation for agriculture is done ona small scale considering the opportunities forexpansion in the area of cultivation

Agricultural farming in the Gambia is characterized by subsistence rainfed production depending on the distribution and amount of rainfall

Rainfall variability and agricultural GDP(FAO AQUASTAT World Bank)

National rainfall index variability(percentage of deviation from average national

rainfall index)

Variability in agricultural GDP(percentage of deviation from trend of agricultural goods

produced per km2 of agricultural land)

1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006

There are a number of institutions involved in water management in the Gambia For example to protect and manage ecosystems the Department of Parks and Wildlife and the Department of Forestry play a role The Department of Water Resources and the National Water and Electricity Company are involved in water quality monitoring Policy guidance and technical support for water management in agriculture is provided by the Ministry of Agriculture (MOA)

Environment andEcosystem Health

Water quality index 2010

A score of 100 indicates optimal performance

486

(YCELPCIESINColumbia University WEF JRCEuropean Commission)

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

mill

ion

cons

tant

200

0 U

S$

200019851980 1990 1995 2005

Agriculture value addedin million constant 2000 US$

Value generated by agriculturein constant 2000 US$ per m3 of water

Value generated by agriculture per m3 of water(FAO AQUASTAT World Bank)

Agriculture net production index and irrigation potential equiped for irrigation (FAO AQUASTAT World Bank)

100

150

200

250

300

646

965

2004

-200

6 =

100

20001990 1995 2005

Agriculture Net ProductionIndex Number (2004-2006 = 100) Int$

Percentage of irrigation potentialequipped for irrigation ()

30

60

90

120

150

209

269

Water - relatedDisasters

lsquoWater-related disastersrsquo within the scope of this WCB study do not include droughts

Only years for which data is available are listed

EM-DAT the OFDACRED International Disaster Database

19992001200320042007200820092010

11111222

531320059

32 000250

8 0196 137

300700

16 60838 961

Year Numberof Events

Deaths Affected

Note No data on economic damage exists

Impact for developmentAccording to the UNISDRrsquos risk profile for the Gambia 011 percent of the population and 021 percent of its GDP is exposed to floods A total of seven floods have been reported over the last 15 years resulting in 68 deaths and over 85 000 affected people Four storms have occurred over the same period leading to 5 deaths and over 16 000 people affected The Gambiarsquos low elevation topography puts some of its areas at significant risk from sea level rise according to the 2007 Gambia National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) on Climate Change

Enabling environment for the developmentmanagement and use of water resources

Gov

erna

nce

syst

ems

for t

he d

evel

opm

ent

man

agem

ent a

nd u

seof

wat

er re

sour

ces

Decentralized structures for water resourcesmanagement (other than above)

Infr

astr

uctu

re d

evel

opm

ent f

orth

e de

velo

pmen

t m

anag

emen

tan

d us

e of

wat

er re

sour

ces

12345

12345

Institutional Frameworks

Stak

ehol

der P

artic

ipat

ion

Capacity Building

UN-Water survey on integrated approaches in the development management and use of water resources governance 2012 (UN-Water)

1 Under development2 Developed but implementation not yet started3 Implementation started

4 Implementation advanced5 Fully implemented

Impact for developmentWater sanitation and hygiene factors were responsible for over 2 400 deaths in 2004 which accounted for 135 percent of all deaths in the Gambia A 2012 UNICEFWHO analysis of data from 25 countries in sub-Saharan Africa representing 48 percent of the regionrsquos population revealed that women and girls bear primary responsibility for water collection at considerable cost in terms of their time In these 25 countries it is estimated that women spend a combined total of at least 16 million hours each day collecting drinking water men spend 6 million hours and children 4 million hours

Drinking Water Supplyand Sanitation

There was an overall increase of 15 percent from 1992 to 2010 in the use of improved drinking water sources Fif-teen percent of the rural and 8 percent of the urban popu-lation remained in 2010 without an improved drinking water source Trends in the use of improved sanitation fa-cilities have lagged in comparison Thirty-two percent of

Under 5 child mortality rate (probability of dying by age 5 per 1000 live births)

Improved drinking water sourceImproved sanitation facilities (both indicators above in of total population)

Access to drinking water and sanitationamp under-5 child mortality(UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (IGME) and WHOUNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme)

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

per 1

000

live

birt

hs

40

55

70

85

100

80

105

130

155

180

Accession of the International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR)

29 December 1978

(The right to water is implicit within the right to an adequate standard of living and inextricably related to the right to the highest attainable standard of health outlined in the ICESCR)

the total population did not use an improved sanitation facility in 2010 Rural areas still lag behind urban areas in the percentage of the population using improved sanita-tion facilities

Surface water is rarely used as a source of potable water in the Gambia because of the continuously saline condi-tions which exist in the lower reaches of the River Gambia and its tributaries where the population centers and tourism facilities are located The potable water for urban areas tourism industry irrigation and livestock watering is supplied by groundwater sources

sanitation drinking water

Is the right to sanitationdrinking-waterexplicitly recognized in policy or law

urban urbanrural rural


Progressing with some

elements in place


elements in place

Not yet developed

Not yet developed


No No no response no response

Can people claim their human right to sanitation or drinking-water in a domestic court

UN-Water GLAAS (WHO 2012)

Status and Trends

Government expenditure during the period Official development assistance gross disburseshy2006 ndash 2010 and budget during the period ments during the period 2002 - 2011 1999 - 2005 2011 amp 2012 (million constant 2010 US$) (million constant 2010 US$)

8 15

Water-related government investments during the period 1999 to 2012 bull Water supply and sanitation - large systems received the highest amount overall and in most years A peak occurred in 2002 when it received over 98 percent of water-related investments bull A downward trend in the governments water-related investments started in 2002 before increasing again in 2008 driven by investments in water supply and sanitashytion - large systems as well as in agricultural water bull There are several years for which data is not available in most of the water-related investment categories

Water-related official development assistance during the period 2002 to 2011 bull Overall water-related ODA disbursements increased notably from 2006 onwards with a dip in 2011 bull From 2004 to 2008 ODA disbursements were mainly

12 concentrated on basic drinking water supply and basic sanitation accounting for 36 percent (2006) to 100 percent (2002) of all reported water-related ODA bull Water supply and sanitation ndash large systems received increased ODA disbursements from 2005 onwards with two peaks in 2006 and 2008 when it received 36 and 40 percent respectively of all water-related ODA disbursements

6

Actual expenditure refers to the amount spent by the government during a given year Where actual expenditure data is not available the government budget is used and refers to the amount that the government reportedly budgeted for the given year The OECD Creditor Reporting System categories were chosen for the collection of these water-related investments and the data was obtained by the WCB project

9 through in-country research in cooperation with the government (during 2012) while ODA data stems from the OECD Creditor Reporting System (collected December 2012)

4

Water supply and sanitation in large systems Water desalination plants intakes storage treatment pumping stations conveyance and distribution systems sewerage domestic and industrial wastewater treatment plants

Basic drinking water supply and basic sanitation Water supply and sanitation through low-cost technologies 6 such as hand-pumps spring catchment gravity-fed systems rainwater collection storage tanks small distribution systems latrines small-bore sewers on-site disposal (septic tanks)

Water resources policy and administrative manageshyment Water sector policy planning and programmes water legislation and management institution capacity building and advice water supply assessments and studies groundshywater water quality and watershed studies hydrogeology Excluding agricultural water resources

2 Disaster prevention and preparednessFlood

protection and control Disaster risk reduction activities such as developing knowledge natural risks cartography

3 legal norms for construction early warning systems emergency contingency stocks and contingency planning including preparations for forced displacement Floods from rivers or the sea including sea water intrusion control and sea level rise related activities

Agricultural water resources Irrigation reservoirs hydraulic structures groundwater exploitation for agricultural use

Water resources protection Inland surface waters (rivers lakes etc) conservation and rehabilitation of groundwater prevention of water contamination from agrochemicals industrial effluents

River development Integrated river basin projects river flow control dams and reservoirs Excluding dams 0 0 primarily for irrigation and hydropower and activities related

Mill

ion

cons

tant

201

0 U

S$

1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 to river transport

Status and Trends

Water-related government investments during the period 1999 to 2012bull Water supply and sanitation - large systems received the highest amount overall and in most years A peak occurred in 2002 when it received over 98 percent of water-related investmentsbull A downward trend in the governments water-related investments started in 2002 before increasing again in 2008 driven by investments in water supply and sanita-tion - large systems as well as in agricultural waterbull There are several years for which data is not available in most of the water-related investment categories

Water-related official development assistance during the period 2002 to 2011bull Overall water-related ODA disbursements increased notably from 2006 onwards with a dip in 2011bull From 2004 to 2008 ODA disbursements were mainly concentrated on basic drinking water supply and basic sanitation accounting for 36 percent (2006) to 100 percent (2002) of all reported water-related ODAbull Water supply and sanitation ndash large systems received increased ODA disbursements from 2005 onwards with two peaks in 2006 and 2008 when it received 36 and 40 percent respectively of all water-related ODA disbursements

Actual expenditure refers to the amount spent by the government during a given year Where actual expenditure data is not available the government budget is used and refers to the amount that the government reportedly budgeted for the given year The OECD Creditor Reporting System categories were chosen for the collection of these water-related investments and the data was obtained by the WCB project through in-country research in cooperation with the government (during 2012) while ODA data stems from the OECD Creditor Reporting System (collected December 2012)

Official development assistance gross disburse-ments during the period 2002 - 2011(million constant 2010 US$)

0

2

4

6

8

0

3

6

9

12

15

1999 2001 2002 2004 2006 2008 20102003 2005 2007 2009 2011

Government expenditure during the period2006 ndash 2010 and budget during the period1999 - 2005 2011 amp 2012(million constant 2010 US$)

Mill

ion

cons

tant

201

0 U

S$








486


Water supply and sanitation in large systems Waterdesalination plants intakes storage treatment pumpingstations conveyance and distribution systems seweragedomestic and industrial wastewater treatment plants

Basic drinking water supply and basic sanitationWater supply and sanitation through low-cost technologiessuch as hand-pumps spring catchment gravity-fed systemsrainwater collection storage tanks small distributionsystems latrines small-bore sewers on-site disposal (septictanks)

Water resources policy and administrative manage-ment Water sector policy planning and programmes water legislation and management institution capacity building and advice water supply assessments and studies ground-water water quality and watershed studies hydrogeology Excluding agricultural water resources

Disaster prevention and preparednessFloodprotection and control Disaster risk reduction activitiessuch as developing knowledge natural risks cartographylegal norms for construction early warning systemsemergency contingency stocks and contingency planningincluding preparations for forced displacement Floodsfrom rivers or the sea including sea water intrusion controland sea level rise related activities

Agricultural water resources Irrigation reservoirshydraulic structures groundwater exploitation foragricultural use

Water resources protection Inland surface waters(rivers lakes etc) conservation and rehabilitation ofgroundwater prevention of water contamination fromagrochemicals industrial effluents

River development Integrated river basin projectsriver flow control dams and reservoirs Excluding damsprimarily for irrigation and hydropower and activities relatedto river transport





19992001200320042007200820092010

11111222

531320059

32 000250

8 0196 137

300700

16 60838 961


Deaths Affected




Gov

erna

nce

syst

ems

for t

he d

evel

opm

ent

man

agem

ent a

nd u

seof

wat

er re

sour

ces


Infr

astr

uctu

re d

evel

opm

ent f

orth

e de

velo

pmen

t m

anag

emen

tan

d us

e of

wat

er re

sour

ces

12345

12345


Stak

ehol

der P

artic

ipat

ion

Capacity Building









elements in place


elements in place

Not yet developed

Not yet developed





70

80

105

130

Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation

Impact for development During 2000 to 2005 the value generated by industry per m3 of water increased by 2 percent annually There is no significant conflict between the industry and other water users since there is a sufficient quantity of water available at this point

Water Intensity in Industry

Value generated by industry per m3 of water (FAO AQUASTAT World Bank)

Access to drinking water and sanitation amp under-5 child mortality (UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (IGME) and WHOUNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme)

100 180

85 155

per 1

000

live

birt

hs

70

55

Impact for development Water sanitation and hygiene factors were responsible for over 2 400 deaths in 2004 which accounted for 135 percent of all deaths in the Gambia A 2012 UNICEFWHO analysis of data from 25 countries in sub-Saharan Africa representing 48 percent of the regionrsquos population revealed that women and girls bear primary responsibility for water collection at considerable cost in terms of their time In these 25 countries it is estimated that women spend a combined total of at least 16 million hours each day collecting drinking water men spend 6 million hours and children 4 million hours

1990 1995 2000 2005 201080 40

mill

ion

cons

tant

200

0 U

S$

280

304 Improved sanitation facilities (both indicators above in of total population) Under 5 child mortality rate

Improved drinking water source

60 Accession of the International Covenant on Economic (probability of dying by age 5 per 1000 live births)

50

40 1990 1995 2000 2005

Value generated by industry in constant 2000 US$ per m3 of water

Value added by industry in million constant 2000 US$

Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) 29 December 1978


There was an overall increase of 15 percent from 1992 to 2010 in the use of improved drinking water sources Fifshyteen percent of the rural and 8 percent of the urban popushylation remained in 2010 without an improved drinking water source Trends in the use of improved sanitation fashycilities have lagged in comparison Thirty-two percent of

the total population did not use an improved sanitation facility in 2010 Rural areas still lag behind urban areas in the percentage of the population using improved sanitashytion facilities

Surface water is rarely used as a source of potable water in the Gambia because of the continuously saline condishytions which exist in the lower reaches of the River Gambia and its tributaries where the population centers and tourism facilities are located The potable water for urban areas tourism industry irrigation and livestock watering is supplied by groundwater sources

Agriculture net production index and irrigation Value generated by agriculture per m3 of water (FAO AQUASTAT World Bank) potential equiped for irrigation (FAO AQUASTAT World Bank)


Impact for development In 2011 agriculture accounted for 19 percent of gross domestic product In 2012 women accounted for 54 percent of the economically active population in agriculture The main irrigated crop is rice The scope of intervention in extending irrigation and water storage is currently below what is required to maximize production Irrigation for agriculture is done on a small scale considering the opportunities for expansion in the area of cultivation

150 300

250

200

150

100

646

965

mill

ion

cons

tant

200

0 U

S$

209

269 Rainfall variability and agricultural GDP (FAO AQUASTAT World Bank)

2004

-200

6 =

100 120

9060

40

20

0 30

60

-20

-40

-60 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006

National rainfall index variability (percentage of deviation from average national

rainfall index)

Variability in agricultural GDP (percentage of deviation from trend of agricultural goods



1990 1995 2000 2005

Percentage of irrigation potential equipped for irrigation ()

Agriculture Net Production Index Number (2004-2006 = 100) Int$



1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Value generated by agriculture in constant 2000 US$ per m3 of water

Agriculture value added in million constant 2000 US$


40

50

60

70

80





mill

ion

cons

tant

200

0 U

S$


1990 1995 2000 2005

280

304

Status and Trends





0

2

4

6

8

0

3

6

9

12

15

1999 2001 2002 2004 2006 2008 20102003 2005 2007 2009 2011


Mill

ion

cons

tant

201

0 U

S$









rainfall index)



1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006








-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

mill

ion

cons

tant

200

0 U

S$

200019851980 1990 1995 2005





100

150

200

250

300

646

965

2004

-200

6 =

100

20001990 1995 2005



30

60

90

120

150

209

269







1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

per 1

000

live

birt

hs

40

55

70

85

100

80

105

130

155

180


29 December 1978




Stak

ehol

der P

artic

ipat

ion

Capacity Building

Water - related Disasters

Year Number of Events

Deaths Affected Impact for development Pumping irrigation water from the River Gambia has a potentially negative impact on the salt front in the river and thus on the environment overall It has been estimated that if 1 m3s is pumped from the Upper River during the dry season the salt front can move up to 4 km upstream To avoid an increase in salinity the safe limit for irrigation from the River Gambia without major dam construction was estimated to be a maximum of 2 400 hectares in the dry season Deforestation is a problem due to the high and ever-increasing demand for fuel wood Wastewater treatment ponds are deemed to be small and insufficient to handle the discharge volumes received The need for bigger chambers and ponds remains a serious challenge to meet demand Industrial and domestic effluents are discharged without treatment which can cause pollution of the receiving water bodies namely the groundwater

Environment and Ecosystem Health


Impact for development According to the UNISDRrsquos risk profile for the Gambia 011 percent of the population and 021 percent of its GDP is exposed to floods A total of seven floods have been reported over the last 15 years resulting in 68 deaths and over 85 000 affected people Four storms have occurred over the same period leading to 5 deaths and over 16 000 people affected The Gambiarsquos low elevation topography puts some of its areas at significant risk from sea level rise according to the 2007 Gambia National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) on Climate Change

1999 1 53 32 000 2001 1 1 250 2003 1 3 8 019 2004 1 2 6 137 2007 1 0 300 2008 2 0 700 2009 2 5 16 608 2010 2 9 38 961 Note No data on economic damage exists





486


Impact for development Implementation of the first National Water Policy approved by the cabinet in 2007 ensures the application of the principles of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) Furthermore strengthening the capacities of water institutions and reforming the legislature to respond to the needs are some of the challenges the Gambia faces Other challenges include shortage of human capacity to implement the IWRM approach to assess water resources as well as to manage hydro-meteorological data and information systems There is also a shortage of equipment and facilities for data collection processing and dissemination

Tracking Water Governance

Enabling environment for the development management and use of water resources



Is the right to sanitationdrinking-water explicitly recognized in policy or law


urban urban rural rural


elements in place


elements in place

Not yet developed

Not yet developed

Infr

astr

uctu

re d

evel

opm

ent f

orth

e de

velo

pmen

t m

anag

emen

tan

d us

e of

wat

er re

sour

ces

Gov

erna

nce

syst

ems

for t

he d

evel

opm

ent

man

agem

ent a

nd u

seof

wat

er re

sour

ces

1 2 3 4 5 5

4 3 2 1


1 Under development 4 Implementation advanced 2 Developed but implementation not yet started 5 Fully implemented 3 Implementation started





No No no response no response Decentralized structures for water resources management (other than above)

year

The Money StreamFrom 2002 to 2011 the government has invested US$ 170 million (in constant 2010 US$) on average per yearon water-related infrastructure and programmes Governmentrsquos investments were primarily channeled intowater supply and sanitation on large systems (614 percent) and agricultural water resources (213 percent)

During the same period official development assistance (ODA) gross disbursements amounted to US$ 567million on average per year channeling its disbursements mainly into water supply and sanitation (626percent) and water resources policy and administrative management (148 percent)

Over the period 1999 to 2011 the Government of Gambiarsquos water-related investments accounted for anestimated 21 percent of total government expenditure

21


11 300 km2

162 inhabitantskm2

0439165

0594

135

836 mmyear


4 384 m3inhabitant

13

5 000 ha

1

6

3 sites

31 244 hectares


Total area

Population density


(between 0 and 1 1 is highest)Country rank (total 186 countries 1 is highest)Gender Inequality Index (0 is equality between women and men 1 is least equality)







of the cultivated area equipped for irrigation(FAO FAOSTAT and AQUASTAT)

of irrigation potential equipped for irrigation(FAO AQUASTAT)


2012

2011

2012

2012

2004

2011

2011

2012

2005

2011

2011

2011

2013


Water withdrawals by sector(total 102 million m3 in 2005)

40 Municipal




Annual average official development assistance gross disbursements during the period 2002 ndash 2011(million constant 2010 US$)

Annual average government expenditure during the period2006 - 2010 and budget during the period 2002 - 2005 and 2011

(million constant 2010 US$)

105036009007006005002

130051001014225062084

total annual average total annual average170 567


614213

5541362813___

100

22990

0225

397109

148___100

the Gambia

Industrial

Agricultural

2139









(

(

(

Farafenni

BasseSanta Su

BanjulBankoteh

Brikama

Sandougou

Senegal

Senegal

Guinea Bissau

AtlanticOcean

NORTH BANK

WESTERN

LOWERRIVER

CENTRAL

RIVER

UPPERRIVER

KOMBOSAINTMARY

BANJUL(

(

Gambia

0 20 40 60

Kilometres

l




City

River

Water Body



Legend(

GAMBIA







trends show significant improveshyment and there is no concern

insufficient data

Rapid Assessment


very poor very good

Investments Over the period 1999 to 2011 the Government of the Gambiarsquos water-related investments accounted for an estimated 21 percent of total government exshypenditure Government investments were essentially targeting water supply and sanitation ndash large systems and agricultural water resources There are several years for which data is not available in most of the water-related investment categories ODA gross disshybursements were mainly directed at basic drinking water supply and basic sanitation and water supply and sanitation - large systems

Overall Pressures on water The Gambia River is a transboundary river shared with three other countries Guinea Bissau Guinea and Senegal The entire territory of the Gambia lies within the Gambia River Basin Continuously saline conditions exist in the lower reaches of the River Gambia and its tributaries where the population centers and tourism facilities are located The key priorities for water in the Gambia are operationalization of the National Water Policy to ensure IWRM strengthening of the human and infrastructure capacities of sector institutions improvement of groundwater management (the main source of domestic water supply throughout the country) and empowerment of communities to participate effectively in water management Existing legislation is not in harmony with the new policy and sector institutions are not structured and organized to implement an integrated approach to water management

Data Quality

Accurate up-to-date figures on irrigated areas are not available





The Gambia has participated in the UN-Water questionnaire on Integrated Approaches in the Development Management and Use of Water Resources

Assessments Irrigated agriculture During 1982 to 2000 the value generated by agriculture per m3 of water increased by 2 percent annually By developing tidal irrigation where appropriate and improving cultivation practices the Gambia could increase output

Drinking water supply and sanitation Some 11 percent of the total population remained without improved water sources most predominantly in rural areas Thirty-two percent of the total population did not use an improved sanitation facility in 2010


Water-related disasters The Gambias National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) is quite detailed and most of the priorities identified are targeted by priority projects Such projects are however limited resulting in the fact that a number of key vulnerable sectors including energy human health gender and forestry have not been addressed

Environment and ecosystem health Insufficient data for analysis

Tracking governance Operationalization of the National Water Policy legislative reform and shortage of data collection processing and dissemination are among the key challenges







insufficient data

Rapid Assessmentyear

The Money StreamFrom 2002 to 2011 the government has invested US$ 170 million (in constant 2010 US$) on average per year on water-related infrastructure and programmes Governmentrsquos investments were primarily channeled into water supply and sanitation on large systems (614 percent) and agricultural water resources (213 percent)




very poor very good

InvestmentsOver the period 1999 to 2011 the Government of the Gambiarsquos water-related investments accounted for an estimated 21 percent of total government ex-penditure Government investments were essentially targeting water supply and sanitation ndash large systems and agricultural water resources There are several years for which data is not available in most of the water-related investment categories ODA gross dis-bursements were mainly directed at basic drinking water supply and basic sanitation and water supply and sanitation - large systems

OverallPressures on waterThe Gambia River is a transboundary river shared with three other countries Guinea Bissau Guinea and Senegal The entire territory of the Gambia lies within the Gambia River Basin Continuously saline conditions exist in the lower reaches of the River Gambia and its tributaries where the population centers and tourism facilities are located The key priorities for water in the Gambia are operationalization of the National Water Policy to ensure IWRM strengthening of the human and infrastructure capacities of sector institutions improvement of groundwater management (the main source of domestic water supply throughout the country) and empowerment of communities to participate effectively in water management Existing legislation is not in harmony with the new policy and sector institutions are not structured and organized to implement an integrated approach to water management

21


11 300 km2

162 inhabitantskm2

0439165

0594

135

836 mmyear


4 384 m3inhabitant

13

5 000 ha

1

6

3 sites

31 244 hectares


Total area

Population density












2012

2011

2012

2012

2004

2011

2011

2012

2005

2011

2011

2011

2013



40 Municipal




105036009007006005002

130051001014225062084



614213

5541362813___

100

22990

0225

397109

148___100

Data Quality







AssessmentsIrrigated agricultureDuring 1982 to 2000 the value generated by agriculture per m3 of water increased by 2 percent annually By developing tidal irrigation where appropriate and improving cultivation practices the Gambia could increase output

Drinking water supply and sanitationSome 11 percent of the total population remained without improved water sources most predominantly in rural areas Thirty-two percent of the total population did not use an improved sanitation facility in 2010




Tracking governanceOperationalization of the National Water Policy legislative reform and shortage of data collection processing and dissemination are among the key challenges

the Gambia

Industrial

Agricultural

2139


Sandougou Gambia

Data Concerns Data on the status and pressures of water bodies is an essential decision-making tool for the rational management of water resources At present the monitoring capacity in the Gambia is clearly insufficient to give reliable data both on water quantishyty and quality The lack of reliable data would cause challenges with regard to a proper management of water resources eg prioritization of actions and investments and may complicate the introduction of integrated water management principles Assessment of the anthropogenic pressures on water is lacking as is data on the quality of water resources

Investments in coordinated data collection collation analysis and dissemination is vital to demonstrate the benefits of water-related investments to governshyments donors and also private investors


Disclaimers bull The most recent and updated information can be found in the original databases cited throughout

Atlantic Ocean

BANJULKOMBO SAINT NORTH BANK

Bankoteh

MARY

( Banjul

(

LOWER RIVER

Brikama (

WESTERN

Senegal

Guinea Bissau

FAO - AQUASTAT 2005 GAMBIA

bull The rapid assessment methodology presented here is an advocacy tool designed to generate debate and attention to the issues and is developed in conjunction with national government focal points

bull Data presented herein stems either from existing databases or was collected from national reports experts and institutions and in some cases raw data underwent various manipulations to categorize the information for this presentation

bull Due to data limitations the investment-related estishymates may not include water-related investments that are counted under other categories of investments and some investment categories (ie disaster prevenshytion and preparedness) may include some investments that are not directly water-related Moreover water being a crosscutting issue investments in other parts of the government (not calculated here) may also benefit water management

bull The words investments invested funded for ODA refer to gross disbursements of ODA according to the OECD definitions The words investments invested funded for government refer to government expenditure (2006 ndash 2010) and government budget (1999 - 2005 2011 amp 2012) In addition investment data and analysis do not include any other forms of investment (such as private sector investments)

Senegal

CENTRAL

RIVERFarafenni

(



httpwwwunwaterorg WaterCountryBriefshtml

l 0 20 40 60

Kilometres

UPPER RIVER

( Basse

Santa Su

Legend City (

River

Water Body



Disclaimer The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country territory city or area or of its authorities or concerning the delimitation of its


40

50

60

70

80





mill

ion

cons

tant

200

0 U

S$


1990 1995 2000 2005

280

304












rainfall index)



1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006





486


-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

mill

ion

cons

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200

0 U

S$

200019851980 1990 1995 2005





100

150

200

250

300

646

965

2004

-200

6 =

100

20001990 1995 2005



30

60

90

120

150

209

269





19992001200320042007200820092010

11111222

531320059

32 000250

8 0196 137

300700

16 60838 961


Deaths Affected




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Capacity Building










1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

per 1

000

live

birt

hs

40

55

70

85

100

80

105

130

155

180


29 December 1978









elements in place


elements in place

Not yet developed

Not yet developed





Status and Trends

Government expenditure during the period Official development assistance gross disburseshy2006 ndash 2010 and budget during the period ments during the period 2002 - 2011 1999 - 2005 2011 amp 2012 (million constant 2010 US$) (million constant 2010 US$)

8 15

Water-related government investments during the period 1999 to 2012 bull Water supply and sanitation - large systems received the highest amount overall and in most years A peak occurred in 2002 when it received over 98 percent of water-related investments bull A downward trend in the governments water-related investments started in 2002 before increasing again in 2008 driven by investments in water supply and sanitashytion - large systems as well as in agricultural water bull There are several years for which data is not available in most of the water-related investment categories

Water-related official development assistance during the period 2002 to 2011 bull Overall water-related ODA disbursements increased notably from 2006 onwards with a dip in 2011 bull From 2004 to 2008 ODA disbursements were mainly

12 concentrated on basic drinking water supply and basic sanitation accounting for 36 percent (2006) to 100 percent (2002) of all reported water-related ODA bull Water supply and sanitation ndash large systems received increased ODA disbursements from 2005 onwards with two peaks in 2006 and 2008 when it received 36 and 40 percent respectively of all water-related ODA disbursements

6

Actual expenditure refers to the amount spent by the government during a given year Where actual expenditure data is not available the government budget is used and refers to the amount that the government reportedly budgeted for the given year The OECD Creditor Reporting System categories were chosen for the collection of these water-related investments and the data was obtained by the WCB project

9 through in-country research in cooperation with the government (during 2012) while ODA data stems from the OECD Creditor Reporting System (collected December 2012)

4

Water supply and sanitation in large systems Water desalination plants intakes storage treatment pumping stations conveyance and distribution systems sewerage domestic and industrial wastewater treatment plants

Basic drinking water supply and basic sanitation Water supply and sanitation through low-cost technologies 6 such as hand-pumps spring catchment gravity-fed systems rainwater collection storage tanks small distribution systems latrines small-bore sewers on-site disposal (septic tanks)

Water resources policy and administrative manageshyment Water sector policy planning and programmes water legislation and management institution capacity building and advice water supply assessments and studies groundshywater water quality and watershed studies hydrogeology Excluding agricultural water resources

2 Disaster prevention and preparednessFlood

protection and control Disaster risk reduction activities such as developing knowledge natural risks cartography

3 legal norms for construction early warning systems emergency contingency stocks and contingency planning including preparations for forced displacement Floods from rivers or the sea including sea water intrusion control and sea level rise related activities

Agricultural water resources Irrigation reservoirs hydraulic structures groundwater exploitation for agricultural use

Water resources protection Inland surface waters (rivers lakes etc) conservation and rehabilitation of groundwater prevention of water contamination from agrochemicals industrial effluents

River development Integrated river basin projects river flow control dams and reservoirs Excluding dams 0 0 primarily for irrigation and hydropower and activities related

Mill

ion

cons

tant

201

0 U

S$

1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 to river transport

Status and Trends





0

2

4

6

8

0

3

6

9

12

15

1999 2001 2002 2004 2006 2008 20102003 2005 2007 2009 2011


Mill

ion

cons

tant

201

0 U

S$








486













19992001200320042007200820092010

11111222

531320059

32 000250

8 0196 137

300700

16 60838 961


Deaths Affected




Gov

erna

nce

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for t

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man

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er re

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12345

12345


Stak

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ion

Capacity Building









elements in place


elements in place

Not yet developed

Not yet developed





70

80

105

130






100 180

85 155

per 1

000

live

birt

hs

70

55


1990 1995 2000 2005 201080 40

mill

ion

cons

tant

200

0 U

S$

280




50

40 1990 1995 2000 2005











150 300

250

200

150

100

646

965

mill

ion

cons

tant

200

0 U

S$

209


2004

-200

6 =

100 120

9060

40

20

0 30

60

-20

-40

-60 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006


rainfall index)




1990 1995 2000 2005





1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005




40

50

60

70

80





mill

ion

cons

tant

200

0 U

S$


1990 1995 2000 2005

280

304

Status and Trends





0

2

4

6

8

0

3

6

9

12

15

1999 2001 2002 2004 2006 2008 20102003 2005 2007 2009 2011


Mill

ion

cons

tant

201

0 U

S$









rainfall index)



1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006








-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

mill

ion

cons

tant

200

0 U

S$

200019851980 1990 1995 2005





100

150

200

250

300

646

965

2004

-200

6 =

100

20001990 1995 2005



30

60

90

120

150

209

269







1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

per 1

000

live

birt

hs

40

55

70

85

100

80

105

130

155

180


29 December 1978




Stak

ehol

der P

artic

ipat

ion

Capacity Building












486











elements in place


elements in place

Not yet developed

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Infr

astr

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ent f

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ent a

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sour

ces

1 2 3 4 5 5

4 3 2 1








year




21


11 300 km2

162 inhabitantskm2

0439165

0594

135

836 mmyear


4 384 m3inhabitant

13

5 000 ha

1

6

3 sites

31 244 hectares


Total area

Population density












2012

2011

2012

2012

2004

2011

2011

2012

2005

2011

2011

2011

2013



40 Municipal







105036009007006005002

130051001014225062084



614213

5541362813___

100

22990

0225

397109

148___100

the Gambia

Industrial

Agricultural

2139









(

(

(

Farafenni

BasseSanta Su

BanjulBankoteh

Brikama

Sandougou

Senegal

Senegal

Guinea Bissau

AtlanticOcean

NORTH BANK

WESTERN

LOWERRIVER

CENTRAL

RIVER

UPPERRIVER

KOMBOSAINTMARY

BANJUL(

(

Gambia

0 20 40 60

Kilometres

l




City

River

Water Body



Legend(

GAMBIA








insufficient data

Rapid Assessment


very poor very good



Data Quality



















insufficient data






very poor very good



21


11 300 km2

162 inhabitantskm2

0439165

0594

135

836 mmyear


4 384 m3inhabitant

13

5 000 ha

1

6

3 sites

31 244 hectares


Total area

Population density












2012

2011

2012

2012

2004

2011

2011

2012

2005

2011

2011

2011

2013



40 Municipal




105036009007006005002

130051001014225062084



614213

5541362813___

100

22990

0225

397109

148___100

Data Quality













the Gambia

Industrial

Agricultural

2139


Sandougou Gambia





Atlantic Ocean


Bankoteh

MARY

( Banjul

(

LOWER RIVER

Brikama (

WESTERN

Senegal

Guinea Bissau






Senegal

CENTRAL

RIVERFarafenni

(




l 0 20 40 60

Kilometres

UPPER RIVER

( Basse

Santa Su

Legend City (

River

Water Body





Status and Trends





0

2

4

6

8

0

3

6

9

12

15

1999 2001 2002 2004 2006 2008 20102003 2005 2007 2009 2011


Mill

ion

cons

tant

201

0 U

S$








486













19992001200320042007200820092010

11111222

531320059

32 000250

8 0196 137

300700

16 60838 961


Deaths Affected




Gov

erna

nce

syst

ems

for t

he d

evel

opm

ent

man

agem

ent a

nd u

seof

wat

er re

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12345

12345


Stak

ehol

der P

artic

ipat

ion

Capacity Building









elements in place


elements in place

Not yet developed

Not yet developed





70

80

105

130






100 180

85 155

per 1

000

live

birt

hs

70

55


1990 1995 2000 2005 201080 40

mill

ion

cons

tant

200

0 U

S$

280




50

40 1990 1995 2000 2005











150 300

250

200

150

100

646

965

mill

ion

cons

tant

200

0 U

S$

209


2004

-200

6 =

100 120

9060

40

20

0 30

60

-20

-40

-60 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006


rainfall index)




1990 1995 2000 2005





1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005




40

50

60

70

80





mill

ion

cons

tant

200

0 U

S$


1990 1995 2000 2005

280

304

Status and Trends





0

2

4

6

8

0

3

6

9

12

15

1999 2001 2002 2004 2006 2008 20102003 2005 2007 2009 2011


Mill

ion

cons

tant

201

0 U

S$









rainfall index)



1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006








-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

mill

ion

cons

tant

200

0 U

S$

200019851980 1990 1995 2005





100

150

200

250

300

646

965

2004

-200

6 =

100

20001990 1995 2005



30

60

90

120

150

209

269







1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

per 1

000

live

birt

hs

40

55

70

85

100

80

105

130

155

180


29 December 1978




Stak

ehol

der P

artic

ipat

ion

Capacity Building












486











elements in place


elements in place

Not yet developed

Not yet developed

Infr

astr

uctu

re d

evel

opm

ent f

orth

e de

velo

pmen

t m

anag

emen

tan

d us

e of

wat

er re

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ces

Gov

erna

nce

syst

ems

for t

he d

evel

opm

ent

man

agem

ent a

nd u

seof

wat

er re

sour

ces

1 2 3 4 5 5

4 3 2 1








year




21


11 300 km2

162 inhabitantskm2

0439165

0594

135

836 mmyear


4 384 m3inhabitant

13

5 000 ha

1

6

3 sites

31 244 hectares


Total area

Population density












2012

2011

2012

2012

2004

2011

2011

2012

2005

2011

2011

2011

2013



40 Municipal







105036009007006005002

130051001014225062084



614213

5541362813___

100

22990

0225

397109

148___100

the Gambia

Industrial

Agricultural

2139









(

(

(

Farafenni

BasseSanta Su

BanjulBankoteh

Brikama

Sandougou

Senegal

Senegal

Guinea Bissau

AtlanticOcean

NORTH BANK

WESTERN

LOWERRIVER

CENTRAL

RIVER

UPPERRIVER

KOMBOSAINTMARY

BANJUL(

(

Gambia

0 20 40 60

Kilometres

l




City

River

Water Body



Legend(

GAMBIA








insufficient data

Rapid Assessment


very poor very good



Data Quality



















insufficient data






very poor very good



21


11 300 km2

162 inhabitantskm2

0439165

0594

135

836 mmyear


4 384 m3inhabitant

13

5 000 ha

1

6

3 sites

31 244 hectares


Total area

Population density












2012

2011

2012

2012

2004

2011

2011

2012

2005

2011

2011

2011

2013



40 Municipal




105036009007006005002

130051001014225062084



614213

5541362813___

100

22990

0225

397109

148___100

Data Quality













the Gambia

Industrial

Agricultural

2139


Sandougou Gambia





Atlantic Ocean


Bankoteh

MARY

( Banjul

(

LOWER RIVER

Brikama (

WESTERN

Senegal

Guinea Bissau






Senegal

CENTRAL

RIVERFarafenni

(




l 0 20 40 60

Kilometres

UPPER RIVER

( Basse

Santa Su

Legend City (

River

Water Body





40

50

60

70

80





mill

ion

cons

tant

200

0 U

S$


1990 1995 2000 2005

280

304

Status and Trends





0

2

4

6

8

0

3

6

9

12

15

1999 2001 2002 2004 2006 2008 20102003 2005 2007 2009 2011


Mill

ion

cons

tant

201

0 U

S$









rainfall index)



1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006








-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

mill

ion

cons

tant

200

0 U

S$

200019851980 1990 1995 2005





100

150

200

250

300

646

965

2004

-200

6 =

100

20001990 1995 2005



30

60

90

120

150

209

269







1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

per 1

000

live

birt

hs

40

55

70

85

100

80

105

130

155

180


29 December 1978




Stak

ehol

der P

artic

ipat

ion

Capacity Building












486











elements in place


elements in place

Not yet developed

Not yet developed

Infr

astr

uctu

re d

evel

opm

ent f

orth

e de

velo

pmen

t m

anag

emen

tan

d us

e of

wat

er re

sour

ces

Gov

erna

nce

syst

ems

for t

he d

evel

opm

ent

man

agem

ent a

nd u

seof

wat

er re

sour

ces

1 2 3 4 5 5

4 3 2 1








year




21


11 300 km2

162 inhabitantskm2

0439165

0594

135

836 mmyear


4 384 m3inhabitant

13

5 000 ha

1

6

3 sites

31 244 hectares


Total area

Population density












2012

2011

2012

2012

2004

2011

2011

2012

2005

2011

2011

2011

2013



40 Municipal







105036009007006005002

130051001014225062084



614213

5541362813___

100

22990

0225

397109

148___100

the Gambia

Industrial

Agricultural

2139









(

(

(

Farafenni

BasseSanta Su

BanjulBankoteh

Brikama

Sandougou

Senegal

Senegal

Guinea Bissau

AtlanticOcean

NORTH BANK

WESTERN

LOWERRIVER

CENTRAL

RIVER

UPPERRIVER

KOMBOSAINTMARY

BANJUL(

(

Gambia

0 20 40 60

Kilometres

l




City

River

Water Body



Legend(

GAMBIA








insufficient data

Rapid Assessment


very poor very good



Data Quality



















insufficient data






very poor very good



21


11 300 km2

162 inhabitantskm2

0439165

0594

135

836 mmyear


4 384 m3inhabitant

13

5 000 ha

1

6

3 sites

31 244 hectares


Total area

Population density












2012

2011

2012

2012

2004

2011

2011

2012

2005

2011

2011

2011

2013



40 Municipal




105036009007006005002

130051001014225062084



614213

5541362813___

100

22990

0225

397109

148___100

Data Quality













the Gambia

Industrial

Agricultural

2139


Sandougou Gambia





Atlantic Ocean


Bankoteh

MARY

( Banjul

(

LOWER RIVER

Brikama (

WESTERN

Senegal

Guinea Bissau






Senegal

CENTRAL

RIVERFarafenni

(




l 0 20 40 60

Kilometres

UPPER RIVER

( Basse

Santa Su

Legend City (

River

Water Body





year




21


11 300 km2

162 inhabitantskm2

0439165

0594

135

836 mmyear


4 384 m3inhabitant

13

5 000 ha

1

6

3 sites

31 244 hectares


Total area

Population density












2012

2011

2012

2012

2004

2011

2011

2012

2005

2011

2011

2011

2013



40 Municipal







105036009007006005002

130051001014225062084



614213

5541362813___

100

22990

0225

397109

148___100

the Gambia

Industrial

Agricultural

2139









(

(

(

Farafenni

BasseSanta Su

BanjulBankoteh

Brikama

Sandougou

Senegal

Senegal

Guinea Bissau

AtlanticOcean

NORTH BANK

WESTERN

LOWERRIVER

CENTRAL

RIVER

UPPERRIVER

KOMBOSAINTMARY

BANJUL(

(

Gambia

0 20 40 60

Kilometres

l




City

River

Water Body



Legend(

GAMBIA








insufficient data

Rapid Assessment


very poor very good



Data Quality



















insufficient data






very poor very good



21


11 300 km2

162 inhabitantskm2

0439165

0594

135

836 mmyear


4 384 m3inhabitant

13

5 000 ha

1

6

3 sites

31 244 hectares


Total area

Population density












2012

2011

2012

2012

2004

2011

2011

2012

2005

2011

2011

2011

2013



40 Municipal




105036009007006005002

130051001014225062084



614213

5541362813___

100

22990

0225

397109

148___100

Data Quality













the Gambia

Industrial

Agricultural

2139


Sandougou Gambia





Atlantic Ocean


Bankoteh

MARY

( Banjul

(

LOWER RIVER

Brikama (

WESTERN

Senegal

Guinea Bissau






Senegal

CENTRAL

RIVERFarafenni

(




l 0 20 40 60

Kilometres

UPPER RIVER

( Basse

Santa Su

Legend City (

River

Water Body











insufficient data






very poor very good



21


11 300 km2

162 inhabitantskm2

0439165

0594

135

836 mmyear


4 384 m3inhabitant

13

5 000 ha

1

6

3 sites

31 244 hectares


Total area

Population density












2012

2011

2012

2012

2004

2011

2011

2012

2005

2011

2011

2011

2013



40 Municipal




105036009007006005002

130051001014225062084



614213

5541362813___

100

22990

0225

397109

148___100

Data Quality













the Gambia

Industrial

Agricultural

2139


Sandougou Gambia





Atlantic Ocean


Bankoteh

MARY

( Banjul

(

LOWER RIVER

Brikama (

WESTERN

Senegal

Guinea Bissau






Senegal

CENTRAL

RIVERFarafenni

(




l 0 20 40 60

Kilometres

UPPER RIVER

( Basse

Santa Su

Legend City (

River

Water Body





Documents

162 the Gambia - Zaragoza · he Gambia River is a transboundary river shared with three other countries: Guinea Bissau, Guinea, and Senegal. he entire territory of the Gambia lies