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AS 16971981
Australian Standard
SAA Gas Pipeline Code
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This standard, prepared by Committee ME/38, Gas and Liquid
Petroleum PipingSystems, was approved on behalf of the Council of
the Standards Association ofAustralia on 23 January 1981, and was
published on 1 July 1981.
The following scientific, industrial and governmental
organizations and departmentswere officially represented on the
committee entrusted with the preparation of thisstandard:
Australasian Corrosion AssociationAustralasian Institute of
Mining and MetallurgyAustralian Gas AssociationAustralian Institute
for Non-destructive TestingAustralian Institute of EnergyAustralian
Institute of PetroleumAustralian Liquefied Petroleum Gas
AssociationAustralian Petroleum Exploration AssociationAustralian
Pipelines Industry AssociationAustralian Welding
InstituteAustralian Welding Research AssociationBureau of Steel
Manufacturers of AustraliaDepartment of Industrial Relations,
N.S.W.Department of Minerals and Energy, VictoriaDepartment of
Mines and Energy, S.A.Department of Mines, QueenslandDepartment of
Mines, W.A.Energy Authority of New South WalesInstitution of
Engineers, AustraliaInstitute of Petroleum, U.K.Metal Trades
Industry Association of AustraliaNational Association of Australian
State Road AuthoritiesNew South Wales Institute of
TechnologyPipeline AuthorityPipelines Authority of South
AustraliaRailways of Australia CommitteeSnowy Mountains Engineering
Corporation
Review of Australian Standards. To keep abreast of progress in
industry, Australian Standards are subjectto periodic review and
are kept up to date by the issue of amendments or new edit ions as
necessary. It isimportant therefore that Standards users ensure
that they are in possession of the latest edition, and
anyamendments thereto.Full details of all Australian Standards and
related publications wil l be found in the Standards
AustraliaCatalogue of Publications; this information is
supplemented each month by the magazine The AustralianStandard,
which subscribing members receive, and which gives details of new
publications, new editionsand amendments, and of withdrawn
Standards.Suggestions for improvements to Australian Standards,
addressed to the head off ice of Standards Australia,are welcomed.
Notif ication of any inaccuracy or ambiguity found in an Australian
Standard should be madewithout delay in order that the matter may
be investigated and appropriate action taken.
This standard was issued in part in draft form for public review
as DR 79058.
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AS 16971981
Australian Standard
Gas Transmissionand Distribution Systems
known as the
SAA Gas Pipeline Code
First published (as AS CB28) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1972AS
1697 fi rst published . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1975Second edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1979Third edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 1981
PUBLISHED BY STANDARDS AUSTRALIA(STANDARDS ASSOCIATION OF
AUSTRALIA)1 THE CRESCENT, HOMEBUSH, NSW 2140
ISBN 0 7262 2203 8
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AS 16971981 2
PREFACE
This edition of this standard was prepared by theAssociations
Committee on Gas and LiquidPetroleum Piping Systems. This edition
includes anadditional section, i.e. Section 12 CorrosionMitigation,
which replaces and expands previousrequirements which were
specified in Clause 3.4.Related Clauses 2.9 and 2.10 covering
materialrequirements have also been revised and furtherminor
changes, including editorial updating, havebeen made. The items
which have been revised in thisedition are listed in the Annex
following the Index.It should be noted that Appendix F to the
1975edition was deleted by Amendment No 3, but theoriginal
references to the other Appendices have beenretained in order to
facilitate reference to them.The purpose of this standard is to
provide guidanceon safety requirements for design,
construction,operation and maintenance of gas transmission
anddistribution systems.The standard sets out requirements for
goodengineering practice based on known experience andon
appropriate existing standards, both Australian andoverseas. In its
preparation close attention was givento the American National
Standard Code for PressurePiping Gas Transmission and Distribution
PipingSystems, ANSI B3 1.8 the Canadian Standard forGas
Transmission and Distribution Systems, CSAZ184; the Institution of
Gas EngineersRecommendations on Transmission and
DistributionPractice; the Institute of Petroleum Model Code ofSafe
Practice, Part VI Petroleum Pipelines, andPart VIII Pipeline
Operations in Marine Areas; theDepartment of Transportation Office
of PipelineSafety, U.S.A., Federal Register Vol. 35, No 161,Part II
Transporting of Natural and Other Gas byPipeline; the American
Petroleum Institute Codes,
particularly API 1104 and other standards. Dueacknowledgment is
made of the assistance providedby these sources.Although safety is
the basic consideration of thisstandard other requirements will
also control thespecifications for any pipeline and these must
beconsidered. The standard is not a design handbookand, although
certain sections contain specificrequirements, it does not replace
the need forappropriate experience and competent
engineeringjudgement. Fundamental engineering principlesshould be
followed, and materials or practices notspecifically approved or
prohibited in this standardshould be qualified for use as described
in theapplicable sections.Attention is drawn to the requirements of
bothCommonwealth and State legislation and to guidesand codes
issued by statutory authorities and localgovernment bodies
pertaining to pipelines; and thisstandard should be regarded as
complementary tosuch requirements where these are applicable.The
standard does not deal with, and is not intendedto supplant, any
matter of personnel safety withrespect to work practices or such
matters as the safeuse of equipment and machinery in
construction,which may be required by law or which are
currentindustrial practice.
In relation to materials and components, this standardmakes
reference to a wide range of Australian, Britishand American
standards. Many of these standardsrequire the reporting of results
of tests. Suchreporting should be in the form of approved
testcertificates. Listings of relevant standards are givenin
Appendices A and B.
Copyright STANDARDS AUSTRALIAUsers of Standards are reminded
that copyright subsists in all Standards Australia publications and
software. Except where theCopyright Act allows and except where
provided for below no publications or software produced by
Standards Australia may bereproduced, stored in a retrieval system
in any form or transmitted by any means without prior permission in
wri ting fromStandards Australia. Permission may be conditional on
an appropriate royalty payment. Requests for permission and
information oncommercial software royalties should be directed to
the head off ice of Standards Australia.
Standards Australia wil l permit up to 10 percent of the
technical content pages of a Standard to be copied for
useexclusively in-house by purchasers of the Standard without
payment of a royalty or advice to Standards Australia.Standards
Australia wil l also permit the inclusion of its copyright material
in computer software programs for no royaltypayment provided such
programs are used exclusively in-house by the creators of the
programs.
Care should be taken to ensure that material used is from the
current edition of the Standard and that it is updated whenever
theStandard is amended or revised. The number and date of the
Standard should therefore be clearly identif ied.The use of
material in print form or in computer software programs to be used
commercially, with or without payment, or incommercial contracts is
subject to the payment of a royalty. This policy may be varied by
Standards Australia at any time.
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3 AS 16971981
CONTENTS
PageSECTION 1. SCOPE AND GENERAL
REQUIREMENTS1.1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
51.2 Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.3
Classification of Gas Transmission
and Distribution Systems . . . . . . . 51.4 Notation and
Definitions . . . . . . . 71.5 Standards and Specifications . . . .
101.6 Interpretation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
SECTION 2. MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS2.1 General . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 112.2 Qualification Categories of Materials
and Components . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.3 Qualifying
Procedures General . 112.4 Qualifying Procedures for Identi-
fied Used Steel Pipe Complyingwith a Specification Covered
bythis Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.5 Qualifying Procedures for New orUsed Steel Pipe Not
Complyingwith a Specification Covered bythis Standard . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 11
2.6 Pipe Specifications . . . . . . . . . . 132.7 Fracture
Toughness . . . . . . . . . . 132.8 Accessories and Fittings . . .
. . . . 152.9 External Protective Coating . . . . 162.10 Internal
Protective Lining . . . . . . 162.11 Cast and Ductile (Nodular or
Sphe-
roidal Graphite) Iron . . . . . . . . . 162.12 Copper and Copper
Alloy . . . . . . 162.13 Plastics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 162.14 Jointing Materials . . . . . . . . . . . 162.15
Materials for Insulating Joints . . . 162.16 Restrictions on Use of
Materials
and Components . . . . . . . . . . . . 172.17 Galvanic Anodes .
. . . . . . . . . . . 17
SECTION 3. DESIGN3.1 Design of Steel Pipelines and Mains 183.2
Control and Limiting of Gas Pressure 273.3 Pits, Vaults and Kiosks
. . . . . . . 293.4 External and Internal Corrosion
Division 2 Systems . . . . . . . . . . 303.5 Instrument, Control
and Sampling
Piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323.6 Valves . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323.7 Compressor Stations . . . . .
. . . 33
SECTION 4. FABRICATION DETAILS4.1 General . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 354.2 Fittings and Components Other
Than Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354.3 Reinforcement of
Welded
Branch Connections . . . . . . . . . . 35
Page4.4 Reinforcement of Multiple Openings 374.5 Extruded
Outlets . . . . . . . . . . . . 374.6 Expansion and Flexibility . .
. . . . 384.7 Combined Stress Calculations . . . 384.8 Supports and
Anchorage for
Exposed Piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394.9 Anchorage for
Buried Pipe . . . . . 39
SECTION 5. WELDING5.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 405.2 Safety in Welding . . . . . . . . . . . 405.3 Welding
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . 405.4 Electrodes, Fluxes, Filler Rods
and
Gas Mixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405.5 Prohibition of
Welding . . . . . . . . 415.6 Definitions and Terms . . . . . . . .
415.7 General Provisions for Welding . 415.8 Preheating . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 445.9 Postweld Heat Treatment . . . . . .
485.10 Sour Gas Operation . . . . . . . . . . 485.11 Qualification
of Welding Procedure 485.12 Qualification Testing of Welded
Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515.13 Welder
Qualification . . . . . . . . . 565.14 Inspection and Testing
of
Production Welds . . . . . . . . . . . 615.15 Non-destructive
Testing Methods 615.16 Standards of Acceptability
Non-Destructive Testing . . . . . . . 625.17 Rectification of
Welds . . . . . . . . 665.18 Welding or Cutting on Steel
Pipelines Containing Gas . . . . . . 675.19 Attachment of
Electrical Connections 68
SECTION 6. CONSTRUCTION ANDINSTALLATION
6.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 716.2
Installation of Pipelines, Mains and
Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 716.3 Safe Working
with Gas . . . . . . . 73
SECTION 7. INSPECTION AND TESTING7.1 Extent of Inspection and
Testing . 757.2 Inspection and Inspectors . . . . . . 757.3 Testing
After Construction . . . . . 757.4 Inspection and Testing Division
1
Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 757.5 Inspection and
Testing Division 2
Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 777.6 Records . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 787.7 Pressure-limiting and
Pressure-relief
Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
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AS 16971981 4
SECTION 8. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE8.1 General . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 798.2 Maintenance of Pressure-limiting and
Pressure-regulating Stations . . . . . 798.3 Pit and Vault
Maintenance . . . . . 798.4 Prevention of Accidental Ignition 798.5
Valve Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . 798.6 Abandoning of
Distribution or Trans-
mission Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . 798.7 Operation and
Maintenance Divis-
ion 1 Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808.8 Operation and
Maintenance Divis-
ion 2 Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 828.9 Corrosion
Division 1 Systems . 83
SECTION 9. ODORIZING9.1 Requirement . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 849.2 Samples and Records . . . . . . . . . 84
SECTION 10. LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS(LP GAS) SYSTEMS
10.1 Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8510.2
Application of Standard . . . . . . . 8510.3 Requirements Specific
to LP Gas 85
SECTION 11. CHANGES IN MAXIMUMOPERATING PRESSURE OFEXISTING
SYSTEMS
11.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8611.2
Increasing the Maximum Operating
Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
SECTION 12. CORROSION MITIGATION DIVISION 1 SYSTEMS
12.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8812.2
Qualification of Personnel . . . . . 88
12.3 Rate of Corrosion . . . . . . . . . . . 8812.4 Corrosion
Mitigation Methods . . . 8912.5 Internal Corrosion Mitigation . . .
8912.6 External Corrosion Mitigation . . . 8912.7 Installation of
Galvanic Anodes . 9112.8 Timing of Application of Corrosion
Mitigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9112.9 Inspection
for the Detection of
Corrosion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9112.10 Corrosion
Defects . . . . . . . . . . . 9212.11 Records . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 92
APPENDICES*A List of Nominated Standards and
Specifications (Clause 1.5.2) . . . . . . 93B List of Reference
Standards (Clause
1.5.4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96C Figures
Relating to Weld Reinforce-
ment (Section 4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97D Flexibility and
Stress Intensification
Factors (Clause 4.6.3 ) . . . . . . . . 104E Markers . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 106G Plastics Pipe Insertion Methods
Mains and Services . . . . . . . . . . 108H Identification and
Addresses of
Standards-issuing and OtherBodies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 109
J Recommended Welding Sequence forHot Tap Fittings . . . . . . .
. . . . . 110
K Fracture Toughness for Steel Trans-mission Pipelines and Mains
. . . . 111
L Assessment of Corroded Division 1Pipelines . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 113
INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
121ANNEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
125
* See statement in Preface regarding Appendix F.
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AS 1697 1981 5 1.1 1.3.3
STANDARDS ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA
Australian Standardfor
GAS TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
SECTION 1. SCOPE AND GENERAL REQUIREMENTS1.1 SCOPE. This
standard sets out minimum safetyrequirements and makes
recommendations for thedesign, fabrication, installation,
inspection, testing,operation and maintenance of gas transmission
anddistribution systems in which the pipes aremanufactured from
steel, cast iron, copper andplastics (UPVC and PE), and qualify for
use in termsof the relevant Section herein. This includes dualphase
flow in natural gas pipelines.Gas transmission and distribution
systems within thescope of this standard comprise all pipelines,
mainsand gas service pipes up to the consumers meterinlet within
the limits defined by Fig. 1.1. Thisstandard also covers the
conditions of use of elementsof these piping systems, including but
not limited topipe, fittings, flanges, bolting, gaskets,
regulators,pressure vessels, pulsat ion dampers andpressure-relief
devices.This standard does not apply to the following:(a) Design
and fabrication of pressure vessels
covered by AS 1210 or other approved pressurevessel codes; or to
LP gas installations coveredby AS 1596.
(b) Pipe or bottle type holders or containers.(c) Piping beyond
the consumers meter inlet which
is governed by the gas supply authoritysinstallation rules.
(d) Petroleum processing plants, gas manufacturingplants,
industrial plants or mines.
(e) Vent piping to operate at substantiallyatmospheric pressure
for waste gas of any kind.
(f) Well-head assemblies, including control valves,and flow
lines between well-head and trap orseparator, or casing and tubing
in gas or oilwells.
(g) Manufacture of proprietary items of equipment,apparatus or
instruments.
(h) Petroleum and other liquid transportation pipingsystems or
liquid slurry lines.
It is also not intended that this standard be
appliedretroactively to existing installations in so far asdesign,
fabrication, installation and testing at the timeof construction
are concerned. Further it is notintended that this standard be
applied retroactively toestablished operating pressures of
existinginstallations except as provided for in Section 11.However,
provisions of this standard apply tooperating and maintenance
procedures of existinginstallations, and to existing installations
when theyare modified to operate under conditions within thescope
of this standard.1.2 SAFETY. The requirements and recommenda-tions
of this standard are considered to be adequate toensure the safety
of the general public and all personsengaged in pipeline
construction and operation,
under conditions usually encountered in gastransmission and
distribution systems to the extentthat safety is affected by (a)
basic design;(b) quality of materials and workmanship;(c) testing
requirements; and(d) maintenance and operation.Extra protection
should be provided where necessary,particularly to prevent damage
from unusualconditions such as may arise at road, rail or
rivercrossings, bridges, areas of heavy traffic, long
self-supported spans, from vibration, weight of specialattachments
or the possibility of ground subsidence orany other abnormal
forces.Existing industrial safety regulations pertaining towork
areas, safety devices and safe work practices arenot supplanted by
this standard.1.3 CLASSIFICATION OF GAS TRANSMIS-SION AND
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS.1.3.1 Division 1 Systems. A gas pipeline, main
orservice having (a) a hoop stress level equal to or greater
than
0.2 (see Clause 1.3.4 for the determination ofhoop stress
level); or
(b) a maximum operating pressure greater than1050 kPa;
is classified as a Division 1 system.1.3.2 Division 2 Systems. A
gas pipeline, main orservice having (a) a hoop stress level less
than 0.2 (see
Clause 1.3.4 for determination of hoop stresslevel); and
(b) a maximum operating pressure of 1050 kPa orless;
is classified as a Division 2 system.A gas pipeline, main or
service manufactured fromcast-iron, copper, unplasticized polyvinyl
chloride(UPVC) or polyethylene (PE) is classified as aDivision 2
system.
1.3.3 Pressure Classification with Division 2Systems.1.3.3.1 Low
pressure. Low pressure means a gaspressure equal to or less than 7
kPa.1.3.3.2 Medium pressure. Medium pressure means agas pressure
exceeding 7 kPa but not exceeding200 kPa.1.3.3.3 High pressure.
High pressure means a gaspressure exceeding 200 kPa.
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AS 16971981 GAS TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS KNOWN AS
THE GAS PIPELINE CODEPREFACECONTENTSSECTION 1. SCOPE AND GENERAL
REQUIREMENTS1.1 SCOPE.1.2 SAFETY.1.3 CLASSIFICATION OF GAS
TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS.1.4 NOTATION AND
DEFINITIONS.1.5 STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS.1.6
INTERPRETATION.
SECTION 2. MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS2.1 GENERAL.2.2 QUALIFICATION
CATEGORIES OF MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS2.3 QUALIFYINGPROCEDURES
GENERAL.2.4 QUALIFYING PROCEDURES FOR IDENTIFIED USED STEEL PIPE
COMPLYING WITH A SPECIFICATION COVERED BY THIS STANDARD2.5
QUALIFYING PROCEDURES FOR NEW OR USED STEEL PIPE NOT COMPLYING WITH
A SPECIFICATION COVERED BY THIS STANDARD.2.6 PIPE
SPECIFICATIONS.2.7 FRACTURE TOUGHNESS.2.8 ACCESSORIES AND
FITTINGS.2.9 EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COATING.2.10 INTERNAL PROTECTIVE
LINING.2.11 CAST AND DUCTILE (NODULAR OR SPHEROIDAL GRAPHITE)
IRON2.12 COPPER AND COPPER ALLOY.2.13 PLASTICS.2.14 JOINTING
MATERIALS.2.15 MATERIALS FOR INSULATING JOINTS.2.16 RESTRICTIONS ON
USE OF MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS2.17 GALVANIC ANODES.
SECTION 3. DESIGN3.1 DESIGN OF STEEL PIPELINES AND MAINS.3.2
CONTROL AND LIMITING OF GAS PRESSURE.3.3 PITS, VAULTS AND
KIOSKS.3.4 EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL CORROSION DIVISION 2 SYSTEMS3.5
INSTRUMENT, CONTROL AND SAMPLING PIPING.3.6 VALVES.3.7 COMPRESSOR
STATIONS.
SECTION 4. FABRICATION DETAILS4.1 GENERAL.4.2 FITTINGS AND
COMPONENTS OTHER THAN STANDARD.4.3 REINFORCEMENT OF WELDED BRANCH
CONNECTIONS4.4 REINFORCEMENT OF MULTIPLE OPENINGS.4.5 EXTRUDED
OUTLETS.4.6 EXPANSION AND FLEXIBILITY.4.7 COMBINED STRESS
CALCULATIONS.4.8 SUPPORTS AND ANCHORAGE FOR EXPOSED PIPING.4.9
ANCHORAGE FOR BURIED PIPE.
SECTION 5. WELDING5.1 GENERAL.5.2 SAFETY IN WELDING.5.3 WELDING
EQUIPMENT.5.4 ELECTRODES, FLUXES, FILLER RODS AND GAS MIXTURES.5.5
PROHIBITION OF WELDING.5.6 DEFINITIONS AND TERMS.5.7 GENERAL
PROVISIONS FOR WELDING.5.8 PREHEATING.5.9 POSTWELD HEAT
TREATMENT.5.10 SOUR GAS OPERATION.5.11 QUALIFICATION OF WELDING
PROCEDURE.5.12 QUALIFICATION TESTING OF WELDED JOINTS.5.13 WELDER
QUALIFICATION.5.14 INSPECTION AND TESTING OF PRODUCTION WELDS.5.15
NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING METHODS.5.16 STANDARDS OF ACCEPTABILITY FOR
NON- DESTRUCTIVE TESTING.5.17 RECTIFICATION OF WELDS.5.18 WELDING
OR CUTTING ON STEEL PIPELINES CONTAINING GAS.5.19 ATTACHMENT OF
ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS.
SECTION 6. CONSTRUCTION AND INSTALLATION6.1 GENERAL.6.2
INSTALLATION OF PIPELINES, MAINS AND SERVICES.6.3 SAFE WORKING WITH
GAS.
SECTION 7. INSPECTION AND TESTING7.1 EXTENT OF INSPECTION AND
TESTING.7.2 INSPECTION AND INSPECTORS.7.3 TESTING AFTER
CONSTRUCTION.7.4 INSPECTION AND TESTING OF DIVISION 1 SYSTEMS.7.5
INSPECTION AND TESTING OF DIVISION 2 SYSTEMS.7.6 RECORDS.7.7
PRESSURE LIMITING AND PRESSURE-RELIEF DEVICES.
SECTION 8. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE8.1 GENERAL8.2 MAINTENANCE
OF PRESSURE-LIMITING AND PRESSURE-REGULATING STATIONS.8.3 PIT AND
VAULT MAINTENANCE.8.4 PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTAL IGNITION.8.5 VALVE
MAINTENANCE8.6 ABANDONING OF DISTRIBUTION OR TRANSMISSION
FACILITY8.7 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE DIVISION 1 SYSTEMS.8.8
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE DIVISION 2 SYSTEMS.8.9 CORROSIONDIVISION
1 SYSTEMS.
SECTION 9. ODORIZING9.1 REQUIREMENT.9.2 SAMPLES AND RECORDS.
SECTION 10. LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LP GAS) SYSTEMS10.1
DEFINITION.10.2 APPLICATION OF STANDARD.10.3 REQUIREMENTS SPECIFIC
TO LP GAS.
SECTION 11. CHANGES IN MAXIMUM OPERATING PRESSURE OF EXISTING
SYSTEMS11.1 GENERAL11.2 INCREASING THE MAXIMUM OPERATING
PRESSURE.
SECTION 12. CORROSION MITIGATION DIVISION 1 SYSTEMS12.1
GENERAL.12.2 QUALIFICATION OF PERSONNEL.12.3 RATE OF CORROSION.12.4
CORROSION MITIGATION METHODS.12.5 INTERNAL CORROSION
MITIGATION.12.6 EXTERNAL CORROSION MITIGATION.12.7 INSTALLATION OF
GALVANIC ANODES.12.8 TIMING OF APPLICATION OF CORROSION
MITIGATION.12.9 INSPECTION FOR THE DETECTION OF CORROSION.12.10
CORROSION DEFECTS.12.11 RECORDS.
APPENDIX A - NOMINATED STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS (Clause
1.5.2)APPENDIX B - REFERENCE STANDARDS (Clause 1.5.4)APPENDIX C -
FIGURES RELATING TO WELD REINFORCEMENT (Section 4)APPENDIX D -
FLEXIBILITY AND STRESS INTENSIFICATION FACTORS (Clause
4.6.3)APPENDIX E - MARKERSAPPENDIX G - PLASTICS PIPE INSERTION
METHODSMAINS AND SERVICESG1 MAINS.G2 SERVICES.
APPENDIX H - IDENTIFICATION AND ADDRESSES OF STANDARDS-ISSUING
AND OTHER BODIES REFERRED TO IN THE CODEAPPENDIX J - RECOMMENDED
WELDING SEQUENCE FOR HOT TAP FITTINGSAPPENDIX K - FRACTURE
TOUGHNESS FOR STEEL TRANSMISSION PIPELINES AND MAINSK1 GENERAL.K2
FACTORS AFFECTING BRITTLE AND DUCTILE FRACTURE.K3 TEMPERATURE.K4
BRITTLE FRACTURE.K5 DUCTILE FRACTURE.
APPENDIX L - ASSESSMENT OF CORRODED DIVISION 1 PIPELINESL1
SCOPE.L2 ASSESSMENT BY PRESSURE TESTING.L3 ASSESSMENT BY
CALCULATION.L4 HOOP STRESS ANALYSIS.L5 EXAMPLE.
INDEXANNEXRECORD OF AMENDMENTS
Title: AS 1697-1981 Gas transmission and distribution systems
(known as the SAA Gas Pipeline Code)TitleLink:
