Upload
others
View
2
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
PG PG DiwakarDiwakarNational Remote Sensing CentreNational Remote Sensing Centre
Indian Space Research Indian Space Research OrganisationOrganisationIndiaIndia
[email protected]@nrsc.gov.in
26 26 –– 28 November, 201328 November, 2013
17th Session of the Intergovernmental Consultative
Committee (ICC)
HUMAN RESOURCESEXPERTISE
16500 strong
INFRASTRUCTUREEnd- to- end capability
SPACE ASSETS
STATE OF THE ARTTECHNOLOGY
INDUSTRY
APPLICATIONSLEADERSHIP
Remote sensing &Telecom satellite
Constellations
INTERNATIONALCOOPERATION
LARGE USER BASE
SPACE COMMERCE
LAUNCHER
IRS
INSAT
, we must be second to none in the applications of advanced technologies to the real
problems of man and society.
VIKRAM A. SARABHAI
INDIAN SPACE ENDEAVOUR
Prime Minister
Department of Space
Space Commission
ISRO
ANTRIX
HQISRO
Council
• Initiated in 1960’s (1962 – INCOSPAR; 1969 – ISRO; 1972 ‐ Space Commission &
DOS)
• 3 National committees coordinate
space system establishment and
applications:
• INSAT Coordination Committee (ICC)
• Planning Committee on National
Natural Resources Management
System (PC‐NNRMS)
• Advisory Committee for Space Sciences
(ADCOS)
• The DOS Secretariat and ISRO
Headquarters (with programme offices)
at Bangalore.
The Organisation
• Cent./ State Govt.• Researcher/
Academia• Private/ Industry• International
• Natural Resources• Cartography• Disaster support • Environmental
monitoring• Ocean &
Atmospheric studies
Satellites, Sensors,
Techniques
Earth Observation System: Components
Ground SegmentsEO Applications
• MoES MoEF• MoA MoWR• MRD DST
• Standard Products• Value added
products• Data Archival
• Spacecraft Control• Payload Programming• Data Acquisition
• DIP, GIS, GPS, DSS, Photogrammetry,
• Model Outputs• Multi-sensor Products• Visualisation
…in sync with country’s priorities…
EO Data Products Enabling Techniques
Institutionalization
Users
2003RESOURCESAT-1LISS 3; LISS 4; AWiFS
2007 CARTOSAT-2
PAN
2005CARTOSAT-1
Stereo PAN, F/A
2002KALPANA-1
VHRR
2003INSAT- 3AVHRR, CCD
Land
& W
ater
Cartography
Ocean & Atmosphere 2009OCEANSAT-2 OCM , SCATROSA
2011RESOURCESAT-2LISS 3; LISS 4; AWiFS
2011Megha-TropiquesMADRAS, SAPHIR
SCaRaB
2012RISAT-1C-SAR
2009RISAT-2X-SAR
Indian Earth Observation Satellites
• One of the largest constellations
• Provides remote
sensing data in a
variety of spatial,
spectral and temporal
resolutions
• Both Optical and Microwave
2013SARALAlLTIKA, ARGOS
2013INSAT- 3DImgr, Sounder
Cartosat-2 launched 2007
•Swath (km) : 10
•Panchromatic
•Spatial Res : 0 .8m
Cartosat -1 and 2 Cartosat-1 launched 2005
• 2.5 m resolution, 30 km Swath
• Stereo mission; +26° / -5°forward/ Aft view
• Revisit : 5 days
• Along Track Stereo viewing
Cartosat-2 Data Products - Handling of unique imaging modes
o paint brush o multi-view in step and stare o spot scenes
Resourcesat-2
• LISS‐4 Mx camera: 5.8m Resolution and 70 Km swath• LISS‐3: 23.5m Resolution and 141 Km Swath• AWiFS: 56m Resolution and 740km Swath• Repetitivity: 5 days (AWiFS) to 24 days (LISS 3) & • Revisit: 5 days (LISS 4) with tilting 26 deg tilt
Linear Imaging Self Scanner (LISS-4)
Linear Imaging Self Scanner (LISS-3)
Advanced Wide Field Sensor (AWiFS)
SENSORS SPECTRAL BANDS
Ground Resolution (meters)
Swath (km)
Radiometric Resolution
(bits)
Repetivity(days)
LISS‐III B2 B3 B4 B5
23.5 141 10 24
LISS‐IV Mono B2 or B3 or B4
5.8 70 10 24
LISS‐IV MX B2 B3 B4 5.8 23.5 or 70
10 24
AWiFS B2 B3 B4 B5
56 740 12 5
Oceansat-2A global mission, providing continuity of Ocean Colour data and Wind Vector in addition
characterization of lower atmosphere and ionosphere from ROSA payload.
Global data acquisition of Ocean colour
•High Resolution Data ‐ NRSC and INCOIS•1km resolution global products through NRSC Website
•Global Chlorophyll, Aerosol Optical Depth through NRSC Website
•OCM data are being downloaded from NRSC Website
Scatterometer Wind Products
•Reception Station at Svalbard•Real time transfer and processing
•Uploading to Web within 3 hrs through EUMETCAST
•Lakhs of data sets are downloaded from NRSC Website
Data Dissemination Mechanism
•Established Ground station at INCOIS•Ground station at Bharti, Antarctica is commissioned.
•EUMETCAST, NRSC Website for data and products
Monitoring of Two recent Cyclones(Using Oscat)
SANDY ‐ 29 October 2012 NILAM ‐ 31 October 2012
OSCAT product is available to the global community through EUMETSAT & NRSC
Megha-Tropiques
• Water vapour profile
• Six atmospheric layers upto12 km height
• 10 km Horizontal Resolution
• Outgoing fluxes at TOA
• 40 km Horizontal Resolution
• Precipitation and Cloud properties
• 89 &157 GHz: Ice particles in cloud top
• 18 &37 GHz: Cloud Liquid Water and precipitation; Sea Surface Wind speed
• 24 GHz : Integrated water vapour
SAPHIR
SCARAB
MADRAS
For studying water cycle and energy exchanges to better understand the life cycles of the
tropical convective system. The satellite is contributing to Global Precipitation Mission (GPM)
Applications:
Observations of tropics for
• Water vapour
• Clouds
• Cloud condensed water
• Precipitation
• Evaporation
100 km (UNQUALIFIED)
FRS1/FRS2 MODE
HRS MODE
400 km (QUALIFIED)
200 km
608 km
100 km (UNQUALIFIED
)
CRS MODE
MRS MODE
o Stripmap FRS-1 / FRS-2 (Range Doppler/ Chirp Scaling)
o ScanSAR MRS & CRS (Range Doppler/Specan)
o Spotlight (modified sub-aperture) modes.
Space borne SAR in C-band at 5.35 GHzSingle/ Dual / Quad Polarisationimaging with 3 - 50 m Resolution & 10 - 240 km Swath
Radar Imaging Satellite (RISAT-1 )
Altika/SARAL mission belongs to the Global Altimetry system for the precise and accurate observations of ocean topography, circulation and sea surface monitoring
SARAL: Satellite with Argos and Altimeter
Mission:
• Sun-synchronous, polar orbiting satellite
• Inclination: 98.38 Deg.
• Altitude: ~800 km
• Repeat cycle: 35 days
Altika Payload:
• Ka-band (35.75 GHz, BW 500 MHz) radar altimeter
• Dual-frequency microwave radiometer (23.8 & 37 GHz)
• DORIS
• Laser Retro-reflector Array
ISRO & CNES Collaboration
Typical SARAL/AltiKA SSHA observation overpass over Indian Ocean and SLA from POM model at 0.5 degree resolution.
INSAT-3D A Followon Mission to Kalpana
Payloads:
IMAGER• Spectral Bands (6): VIS, SWIR, MWIR, WV, TIR- 1 &2
• Spatial Resolution: 1 km for VIS & SWIR4 km for MIR & TIR8 km for WV
SOUNDER – Water Vapour & Temperature profiles• Spectral Bands (19): SWIR (6), MWIR (5), LWIR (7),
Vis (1)• Resolution (km): 10 X 10 for all bands• No of simultaneous sounding : 4 per band
Data relay Transponder; Search & Rescue Payloads
Potential ApplicationsQuantitative precipitation estimation, vertical temperature and moisture profile of the
atmosphere, surface and cloud top temperatures, ozone distribution, Sea Surface Temperature (SST), fire, smoke, fog detection, etc.
Resourcesat – 2 LISS III, LISS IV, AWiFS
Oceansat-2OCM, SCAT, ROSA
CARTOSAT-2B PAN
MEGHA-TROPIQUESSAPHIR, SCARAB & MADRAS
RISAT-2X-band
Indian EO Scenario Indian EO Scenario –– by 2017by 2017
RISAT-1C-band
Oceansat-3OCM, SCAT, ROSA
INSAT-3D Imager, Sounder
SARALAltika & Argos
CARTOSAT- 3 0.25 m PAN, 1m MX, HySI
Resourcesat-2ALISS III, LSS IV , AWiFS
GISATMX, Hyperspectral,
Thermal
CARTOSAT- 2E0.65 m PAN; 2m MX
…in sync with country’s priorities…
National Natural Resources Management National Natural Resources Management System System
An Applications Driven An Applications Driven ProgrammeProgrammeRS RS ApplicationsApplications
• Agro-informatics• Potential Fishing zones• Drinking Water Mission• Wasteland inventory• Watershed Development• Urban Info. System• Rail/Road/Pipeline alignment• Flood monitoring, Drought
Assessment, Cyclone warning
• Landslide hazard zonation
Standing Committees
Private Enterprise
Central & State
Agencies
State RS CentresSNRMS
NGOs/Voluntary
Organizations
Academic/Research Institutes
National Natural Resources Management
System
Food Security &Poverty Alleviation
Disaster ManagementSupport
Natural ResourcesAssets Build-up
Infrastructure:Social & Physical
Weather & ClimateStudies
National PrioritiesNational Priorities
National level Applications with User Ministries
Rural Development
• National Drinking Water Mission
•Wastelands Mapping/ Updation
•Watershed Development & Monitoring
• Land Records Modernization Plan
• Crop Production Forecast
• Saline/ Sodic Soils mapping
• Agro‐Met Services & Disaster Surveillance (pest, floods, drought)
• Horticulture development
Agriculture & Soils • Forest Cover & Type mapping
•Wetland Inventory & Conservation plans
• Biodiversity Characterization
• Desertification Status mapping
• Coastal, Mangroves, Coral related
• Snow & Glacier studies
Bio Resources & Environment
Geology & Mineral Resources
• Landslide Hazard Zonation
•Mineral/ Oil Exploration, Mining Areas,
• Seismo‐tectonic Studies
• Engineering & Geo‐Environmental studies
MOA MOEF
MOMG
MORD
• GCP Library for IRS Data correction
• Large Scale Mapping
• Topo‐map updation ‐ Satellite‐based
• Digital Elevation Model (Carto‐DEM)
• Cadastral Level mapping
Cartography
SOI
• Ocean Primary Productivity
• Ocean State Forecast (OSF)
• Storm Surge Modeling
• Regional Weather prediction
• Tropical Cyclones & Mesoscale studies
• Extended Range Monsoon Prediction
Ocean and Meteorology
MOES
Application Projects in Diversified areas
Disaster Management Support
• Operationally addressing various natural disasters like Flood, Cyclone, Drought, Landslide, Earthquake and Forest Fire
• R&D Studies on Early warning Systems, Decision Support Tools
Climate Change Studies•Mapping the indicators, Monitoring the agents and Modelling the Impact
• Characterisation of climate variables (Land, Atmosphere & Oceans)
•Methane Emission, Timberline study, LU LC Change dynamics, etc.
NR Census
• Periodic Inventory of Natural Resources under NR Census Programme:
Land use/ Land Cover, Soil, Geomorphology, Wetland, Land degradation, Snow & Glaciers, Vegetation MHANRC
NICES
Urban Development
• Urban Sprawl Mapping of Major Cities
•Master/ Structure Plans
• Comprehensive Dev. Plans (CDP) of selected Cities/ Towns
• Base Map generation for Towns
• National Urban Information System
MOUD
• Irrigation Infrastructure assessment
•Water Resources Information System
• Command Area/ Irrigation Performance Evaluation
• Snow‐melt Run‐off Estimation
• Reservoir Capacity Evaluation
• Site Selection for Hydro‐Power
Water Resources
MOWR
Natural Resources CensusNatural Resources Census
Land use / Cover mapping - IRS-AWiFS
Annual Inventory at National level
o 8 cycles completed (2004-05 to 2011-12)
o 9th cycle Finalised
Snap-shot of the country’s status of natural resources with a repeat cycle to depict changes and modifications
Land use / Cover mapping - IRS-LISS 3
• National level inventory for 3 seasons.
• Geomorphology & lineament mapping
• Snow & Glaciers mapping
• Land degradation mapping
• Wetlands mapping taken up
• Forest and Vegetation status mapping
Mapping at 1:250,000 scale
Kharif Crop Rabi Crop
Mapping at 1:50,000 scale
Land Use/Land Cover (9 cycles at 1:250,000)
National Application Mission ProjectsNational Application Mission Projects
• Geo-database for 152 towns at large scales are being used for development
• Centralised Online database and Geospatial tools are being used for Master plan preparation by the Urban planning bodies across the country.
• Geo-database for 152 towns at large scales are being used for development
• Centralised Online database and Geospatial tools are being used for Master plan preparation by the Urban planning bodies across the country.
PhysiographyPhysiography
SoilSoil Urban Urban LanduseLanduse
GeomorphologyGeomorphology LithologyLithology
BaseBase
National Urban Information System (NUIS)National Urban Information System (NUIS)
No. of Towns : 152
Area : 55,755 sq.km
Metro
Class I
Class II
Class III
Class IV
Class V
Class VI
Agriculture and Related Applications
• Crop monitoring
– Identification, inventory, regional change detection, yield forecast
• Crop intensification
– Cropping pattern, crop rotation, crop diversity
• Wastelands and watershed development
– Extent and types, soil salinity and water logging
• Water resources
– Surface water, ground water, command area management
• Precision farming and horticulture
– Yield and nutrient variability, site suitability
• Drought Assessment
– Soil moisture availability
• Climate Change in Agriculture
– Methane emission
Kharif Rabi
RiceOthercrops
WheatPost KharifFallows
Kharif Rice 40.18 Mha
Rice fallow11.65 Mha
Wasteland MonitoringA Targeted Rural Development Programme: with village & watershed boundaries
o National Wasteland Inventory Project (1986 -2000)
o National Wasteland Updation Mission (2003 -2004)
o Monitoring of the wasteland areas (2005-06)
o Wasteland Change Analysis - using three season LISS-III data of 2008-2009
o Coverage : Entire India at 1:50,000 scale
o No. of Wasteland categories : 28
• Bring culturable wastelands under cultivation
• Enhance food grain production
• Bring 30% under green cover
Area (Mha) % of TGA Year of Data
63. 85 20.17% 1986 -2000
55.27 17.45% 2003
47.22 14.91% 2005
46.73 14.76% 2009LS TM, Feb 1987 IRS L3, Feb 2002
Wasteland Map (2008-09)
India - Water Resource Information System
Objectives:Objectives:
•Generate database of water resources and design an information system.
•Access to water resources data to all water resources departments.
•Tools to create value added maps for integrated water resources scenarios.
•Provide foundation for Spatial Decision Support Systems and modeling.
Disaster Impact
Relief
Rehabilitation
Reconstruction
Mitigation
Preparedness
Post Disaster Phase
Pre disaster Phase
Observational SystemsSatellite (GEO, LEO, All-weather), Aerial, Ground
Single-Window for Services Delivery
DMS-DSC
Multi-tier databases with query/ decision tools
Secured CommnFixed/ VPN, Mobile ..
Nat’l Control Room +Decision Makers
DMS-DSC + Institutions
Vulnerable Villages
State HQ/ Control Rooms
Emergency CommunicationCWDS, Type D Sat phones, DDWS, Fishermen DAT…
Disaster Management Support (DMS) SystemDisaster Management Support (DMS) System
R&D on early warningCyclone, flood, Earthquake, Landslides, Drought,….
International ActivitiesCharter, Sentinel Asia,
UN Spider…
Inundation monitoringDamage assessmentHazard zonationBank erosion studies
Flood
Monthly & End-of-Season Agri Drought Assessment
Drought
Damage Assessment
Earthquake
Forest Fire
Cyclone
Landslide
Disasters -Operationally addressed
Inundation mapping Damage assessment
Damage AssessmentHazard zonation
Active fire detectionDamage assessment
• Realisation of joint satellite missions (MEGHA‐
TROPIQUES, SARAL)
• Accommodation of payloads (CHANDRAYAAN‐1,
OCEANSAT‐2, ASTROSAT)
• Disaster management (International Charter,
Sentinel Asia, UNSPIDER, UNESCAP, Search &
Rescue)
• Capacity building (CSSTEAP)
• Participation in Advisory Committees on Policy
Regulations (UNCOPUOS, IADC, SFCG, CGMS, CEOS,
GEO, ICG, ISECG)
SARAL
ASTROSAT
Chandrayaan-1
Cooperative arrangements with 33 Countries & 3 multi‐national bodies
ISRO’s International Space Cooperation Domains
Centre for Space Science & Technology Education in
Asia & the Pacific – UN Centre for AP region
Offers 9 Months PG Courses ‐ RS & GIS; SATCOM,
SATMET & Space Science
1160 participants from 34 Countries in this region
(plus 29 from 18 Countries, beyond) Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Dehra Dun
CSSTE‐AP
Indian Institute of Space Science & Technology
Setup in Sep 2007, the first professional Space
University in India
Offers UG, PG & Doctoral programmes in
Aerospace Engineering, Avionics and Physical
Sciences
IIST
Indian Institute of Space Science & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram
Capacity building
Major Disasters in India from 1980-2010
India and the Disasters
• Out of 35, 27 States and Union territories are disaster prone
• 58.6% landmass is earthquake prone
• 12% of land (>40 Mha) is flood prone
• 5700 km coastline cyclone and Tsunami prone
• 68% of the cultivable are drought prone
• Hilly terrains are landslides and avalanche prone
(Source: UNDP, India)
ISRO-DMS Programme
MHA: Ministry of Home AffairsMOA: Ministry AgricultureNGO: Non-Governmental OrganisationsNDMA: National Disaster Management Authority
Institutional Mechanism:DMS Decision Support Centre (DSC) at NRSC
in association with Nodal Agencies
MHA, MOA, GSI, MoES, Cabinet Secretariat, NDMA, State Agencies, NGOs …….
International CommitmentsInternational Charter on Space & Major Disasters, UNESCAP, SPIDER, Sentinel Asia, …
Key Developmental EffortsAirborne SAR,
Communication Equipments, Constellation of EO Satellites..
National Database -for Emergency
Management (NDEM)
Natural Disasters -Monitoring/ Damage
Assessment
VSAT based VPN- for Emergency Communication
Strengthening Early Warning
Systems Tsunami, Floods, Cyclone,
Drought, Landslides..
Development of Hydro-met.
Networks, DSS, ..
Capacity Building on DMSExclusive Training Prog
• Flood Inundation Maps• Damage Assessment• Hazard Zonation• Bank Erosion Studies
Floods
•Monthly Agri. Drought Report
•End-of-the-Season Agri. Drought Report
Drought
• Inundation Maps• Recession Maps• Damage Assessment
Cyclone•Damage Assessment
•Hazard zonation
• Damage Assessment
Earthquake
Landslide
•Active Fire Detection
•Damage Assessment
Forest Fire
Information DisseminationCentral: MHA, CWC, Min. of Agri, GSI, IMD, MOEF
State: Relief Commr., DM, Agri, Forest, other concerned Line Depts.
DMSCurrent Operational Services
Communication Network (VPN)
• The satellite based Virtual Private Network (VPN) provides fail safe connectivity.
• The network connects 22 multihazard prone State Emergency Operation centres with 10 Primary Nodes (data providing nodes such as NRSC, CWC, IMD, INCOIS…) and 5 observation nodes (Cabsec, NEOC, PMO, PMR…)
• The network is enabled using Extended C transponder in the GSAT-12 satellite.
• Expansion of the network to multi-hazard prone districts is planned
Emergency Communication
Various kinds of emergency communication equipments for use during the emergency situation is conceived and developed by ISRO. They are made available under different disaster conditions.
Portable Sat. Terminals
•Portable satellite phones which can make calls between the terminals and terminals to PSTN
Distress Alert Terminals (DAT) for fishermen
•Floatable terminals which transmits messages while a boat is in danger.
•1850 DATs were procured and distributed to fishermen through Coast Guard.
DTH based Disaster Warning Dissemination System
•Disaster alerts through Set-top-Boxes in the disaster region.
•500 DDWS systems are being established in association with IMD and Doordarshan.
Disaster Management Support ProgrammeDisaster Management Support ProgrammeFlood2012
•States ‐ 5, Maps Sent ‐ 137, Flood Inundation: ~ 12.41 Lakh ha.
2013•States ‐14, Districts ‐ 148, Flood Maps ‐ 100 , Flood Inundation: ~ 15.50 Lakh ha.•Extensive use of RISAT‐1 (MRS, CRS & FRS)•Major floods monitored across the country
Flood affected area as seen by RISAT
Flood inundation simulation for part of Sabari river using ALTM DTM
Flood Hazard Map of Bihar
Districts inundated during 2013
Flood Prone Area Assessment
DSC Activities Earthquake & Landslides
• Monitoring of all earthquakes and landslides in the Indian region.
• Sikkim Earthquake; September 2011 : 1196 new landslides were detected. Using the IRS data.
• Landslide Hazard Zonation mapping for Bombay to Goa route corridor in collaboration with GSI
• Landslide Hazard Zonation for Amarnath –NDMA initiative (1:10,000 scale) is taken up.
Daily acquisition of TERRA/AQUA MODIS data
Generation of 2 daily Active Fire Alerts
Value additions•Forest Mask•Forest Admin. overlay
MODIS contextual Fire
Algorithm-MOD14
Email Dissemination to ~400 nodal
officers
Information to ground
personnel for fire mitigation
2D and 3D Visualization
through BHUVAN
Disaster Management Support Programme
Decision Support Center
Indian Forest Fire Response and Assessment System
(INFFRAS)
~4 daytime passes per day
Feed
ba
ck
Turn-around time of less than 1 hr
from satellite overpass
DSC Activities - Forest Fire
Kedarnath
landslides
Disaster Management Support ProgrammeDisaster Management Support ProgrammeUttarakhand Disaster
• Flood Inundation, Damaged Roads, Landslides• Information Dissemination ‐ near real time
Damage due to Flood along Mandakini river
Landslide Inventory2395 Landslides mapped
FDC apps customized
for:
NABARD
Solution Architecture
Mobile Application Activity
Open Source Technologies
Mobile device based application development
Apache Cordova API, HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript,Java, Jquery,
Android & XML
Server/ middleware applications
Apache WebServer, PHP, XML
Database/ GIS DB PostgreSQL, PostGIS
Spatial Visualization Open Layers, Map server, Geo‐Server
Open Source Tools / Technologies Used
Field Data Collection – Uttarakhand Disaster
Cyclone Phailin – Advance Warning, Tracking, online inundation, damage assessment
o INSAT and KALPANA-1 satellites for cyclone tracking and prediction.
o RISAT-1 Microwave imaging was used for inundation mapping
Cyclonic storm “Phailin” made landfall at around 9 pm on 12th October 2013 near the coast of Gopalpur in Ganjam district inundating vast stretches.
DSC kept a close watch over the formation of cyclone and anticipating inundation immediate actions were taken for monitoring the situation.
RISAT-1 data over the coastal districts of Odisha, AP and West Bengal are planned at 12 hrs interval using both ascending and descending passes
International Charter was activated for having more coverages over the affected areas
Cyclone ‘PHAILIN’ – October, 2013
Bay of Bengal
Bay of Bengal
Pre-Event
RISAT:18-Sep-2013 Radarsat:12-Oct-2013
Bay of Bengal
RISAT:13-Oct-2013 Radarsat:14-Oct-2013
Post-Event
RISAT:16-Oct-2013 RISAT:18-Oct-2013RISAT:17-Oct-2013
Bay of Bengal
Bay of Bengal
Radarsat:15-Oct-2013
Bay of Bengal
Flood Inundation
Monitoring of the event Cumulative Flood MapInundation during 12‐16, Oct, 2013
EO in Agricultural Drought Management
Captures spatial variability, vulnerability and dynamism quantitatively
Seasonal Forecasting:
• Understanding of land-air-ocean interactions
• Establishing Global Tele-connectionsEarly Warning, Monitoring and Assessment:
• Agro-informatics: In-season crop monitoring/ condition
assessment/acreage estimation/ production forecast
• Impact/ damage assessment for relief & rehabilitationDrought Mitigation:
• Watershed Management: Ridge-to-valley treatment in dryland
• Land/ Crop Suitability: Diversification/ Intensification of Agriculture
• Land & Water use Efficiency: Salinity/ waterlogging mapping for
reclamation & better water use
Early Warning System :Space Technology Inputs
Challenges Multi-hazard approach, such as Droughts, tropical cyclone
and storm surge, and floods
ModelingPredictions/
Forecasts
ModelingPredictions/
Forecasts
EO Products• Images• Non-imaging data
EO Products• Images• Non-imaging data
Networks• Automatic
• Manned
Networks• Automatic
• Manned
In-situ data
In-situ data
Early Warning
Early Warning
Enabling Techniques
• Sounders, Radiometers, Imagers, Profilers….
• Optical/MW Systems
• Ground Networks – Radar, Radiosondes…
• Models
Critical Factors
• Precipitation
• Surface water
• Soil moisture
• Crop water requirement
• Groundwater
Globally efforts are on using historical data (rainfall & other meteorological data) & statistical techniques
DSC Activities - Drought
• Drought assessment in 13 states – Taluk wise in 4 states ; District wise in 9 states)
• NOAA AVHR, AWiFS, Oceansat-2 OCM and MODIS data are used.
• The activity is carried out in the Kharif season of each year.
• The Area Favourable for Crop Sowing/crop sown area (AFCS) was derived from SASI data and Spatial Soil Water Balance model derived soil moisture.
August 2011July 2011June 2011
Normal (314 dist)Mild (42 dist)Moderate (37 dis)Severe (12 dist)
Agricultural Drought assessment, October 2011
National Agricultural Drought Assessment and Monitoring System (NADAMS)
District levelSub‐district level
Integrated approach for operational agricultural drought assessment
Objective: Assess and monitor prevalence, intensity and persistence of agricultural drought at district/sub-district level
•Satellite based crop condition indices•Soil moisture indices•(satellite/modelled)•Crop related data•Spatial decision rules
Coverage : 13 states Satellite/ Sensor Indices Relevant Parameter
Resourcesat AWiFS (60m) NDVI, NDWI Crop condition, surface wetness
NOAA AVHRR (1km) NDVI Crop condition
Oceansat 2‐ OCM (360m) NDVI, ARVI Crop condition
Terra MODIS (500 m) SASI, NDWI Surface wetness/ sown area discrimination
Terra AMSRE (25 km) Soil moisture Surface wetness/ sown area discrimination
INSAT 3A CCD (1 km) NDVI Crop condition
Satellite data AVHRR MODIS
AWiFS
OCM
INSAT AMSRE Soil moisture
CPC rainfall
Day 1 image
Illustration of time composition processInput NDVI images
OutputTime composite NDVI
Cloud
cov
er p
robl
emInadequate coverage
Enhanced coverageReduced clod cover
Day 2 image
Day 3 image
Maximum value compositing approach
Analysis of Satellite data• Data identification
(cropping pattern,
crop calendar)
• Data procurement
• Re-projection
• Mosaicing
• Geometric correction
• Stacking
• TOA reflectance
• Cloud masking
• Indices generation
• Time composition
• Products on indices
• Statistics extraction
AWiFS NDVI(Sep 2013)
AWiFS NDWI(Sep 2013)
AVHRR NDVI MODIS NDWIMODIS SASI
Methodology for agricultural drought assessment
VI anomaly Assessment(1) Relative dev.(2) VCI(3) In seasontransformation
Agricultural drought situation
• Change in crop calendar• Lag between VI & Rainfall• Abnormal events (floods)
Extent of VI anomaly
Extent of rainfalldeviation
Extent of sown areadeviation
Drought warning(June, July, August)•Normal•Watch•Alert
Drought assessment(Sep, Oct)•Normal•Mild•Moderate•Severe
Inputs from ancillary data
•Dynamic: IMD rainfall, CPC rainfall product,NOAA PET data, Crop sown area
•Static : Crop Calendar, Cropping pattern, Potential crop area map, Irrigated area map, Soil AWC – Depth, Texture
Kharif areamask
Rice mask Soil Texture
Crop planted areaRainfall deviations(imd)
NDVI anomaly
Technology transfer to User Department
Transfer technology/Institutionalization of NADAMS project
NADAMS project was transferred to Mahalanobis National Crop Forecasting Centre (MNCFC), Dept. of Agriculture and Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India, in May 2012
Advantages of transfer:
•Effective end use•Participation by multiple institutions•Identification of gap areas for intiating Deveopment activities•Promoting objective approach for drought monitoring among stakeholders
Support /Responsibilities of NRSC
•Support for establishing MNCFC
•Methodology, database transfer and capacity building to MNCFC in April/May 2012
•Technical Support to MNCFC for 3 seasons kharif 2012, 2013 and2014
•Generation of new products/methods and transfer to MNCFC
Current status
•NADAMS project successfully carried out by MNCFC in kharif 2012 and kharif 2013•Timely submission of drought reports in both the years
(NADAMS ‐ an operational and user oriented project was successfully institutionalized in 2012)
Monthly drought reports are available at;
www.ncfc.gov.in
• NOAA19 format driver developed
and integrated into GDAL
• Integrated module with
Raw import
Panoramic corrections
Auto geo‐referencing
Trimming
Cloud flagging
NDVI generation
Statistics extraction
• Implementation done with NOAA
reflectance values from data tables
• Implementation of Geo‐reference
options ‐ before and after NDVI
estimation, as desired.
• Batch process & Config options
activated
• Automation for water balance is in
progress
File naming conventionNOAA_AVHRR_30_11_2011_8hrs_36mins_PANCOR_PROJ_REMCLOUD_INDICES.TIFF
Log filesStart time, end time and error reportFuturistic:More sensors, More user friendly, Web enabled, Data library; More facilities for users’ choice of options
NADAMS Analysis System v1.0
NADAMS DATA ANALYSIS SYSTEM
Data Ingest System
Automatic Registration SystemSoftware Architecture (with significance to unmanned operations)
Multi‐temporal In season
Satellite Data•Resourcesat‐2 AWiFS•Oceansat2 – OCM2•MODIS•NOAA, etc
Data Products•Rainfall•Sown Area Progression•Crop Calendar•Cropping Pattern•Irrigation•Ground data
Information Products
•NDVI•NDWI•SASI•SMI
Automated Analysis Software
www.bhuvan.nrsc.gov.in
1. Satellite Data / Information Products
2. Field Data 3. Interpretation
Forewarning (Jun, Jul, Aug)
Impact (Sep, Oct)
Field Data Collection
• Data Procurement• Reprojection• Mosaicking• Geometric Correction• Stacking• TOA reflectance• Cloud Masking
Work Flow for Drought Assessment
Centre for Space Science & Technology Education in
Asia & the Pacific – UN Centre for AP region
Offers 9 Months PG Courses ‐ RS & GIS; SATCOM,
SATMET & Space Science
1160 participants from 34 Countries in this region
(plus 29 from 18 Countries, beyond) Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Dehra Dun
CSSTE‐AP
Indian Institute of Space Science & Technology
Setup in Sep 2007, the first professional Space
University in India
Offers UG, PG & Doctoral programmes in
Aerospace Engineering, Avionics and Physical
Sciences
IIST
Indian Institute of Space Science & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram
Capacity building
18th meeting of CSSTEAP Governing Board
CSSTEAP Hqrs., Dehradun
Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Dehradun
Space Applications Centre, AhmedabadPhysical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad ISRO Satellite Centre, Bengaluru
CSSTEAP
Governing Board
Advisory Committee
CoordinationCommittee
Remote Sensing & GISSatellite Communications
Satellite Meteorology & Global ClimateSpace & Atmospheric Science
Board of Studies for each course
Centre for Space Science and Technology Education in Asia and the Pacific
18th meeting of CSSTEAP Governing Board
No
. o
f p
arti
cip
ants
No
. o
f p
arti
cip
ants
19 participants from 11 countries
16 participants from 09 countries
Short course on ‘Flood Risk Mapping, Modeling & Assessment using Space Technology’ July 22-26, 2013
Short course on ‘Sub-regional training on development of Geo-referenced Information Systems for Disaster Risk Management’
Special Courses Completed in 2012-13
Funded by UN-OOSA/UN-SPIDER, UN-ESCAP & IWMI
Funded by UN-ESCAPOrganised by: IIRS & CSSTEAP, Dehradun
Organised by: IIRS & CSSTEAP, Dehradun
Aug 26-29, 2013
18th meeting of CSSTEAP Governing Board
Activities Planned for 2014
Short course on ‘Microwave Remote Sensing and Applications’ at IIRS Dehradun (May 05- 30, 2014).
Short Course on ‘Navigation & Satellite Positioning System’ at SAC, Ahmedabad (June-July 2014).
Short Course on ‘Small Satellite Missions’ by ISAC, Bengaluru and IIRS, Dehradun (October-November, 2014) at Dehradun
19th PG course in ‘RS & GIS’ at IIRS Dehradun (July 1, 2014 – March 31, 2015).
9th PG course in ‘Satellite Meteorology and Global Climate’ at SAC Ahmedabad (August 1, 2014 - April 30, 2015).
9th PG course in ‘Space and Atmospheric Sciences’ at PRL Ahmedabad (August 1, 2014 - April 30, 2015).
Proposed training courses to be organized by UN-ESCAP, UN-SPIDER and IIRS Effective use of satellite imagery for flood monitoring (1-2 weeks duration) Drought monitoring and Early Warning for arid and semi-arid countries (1-2 weeks duration) Interpretation of High Resolution and SAR data for Disaster Monitoring (2-4 weeks duration)
G S f f f ( )
China – Floods – August, 20131. ResourceSat‐2 AWiFS – 1 scene (20‐Aug‐2013)2. RISAT‐1 – 4 scenes (20‐Aug‐2013)
Iraq– Floods – May, 20131. ResourceSat‐2 AWiFS – 1 scene (07‐May‐2013)2. ResourceSat‐2 LISS‐III – 2 scenes (07‐May‐2013)
China – Earthquake – September, 20121. CartoSat‐1 PAN – 6 scene (08‐Sep‐2012)2. CartoSat‐2 PAN ‐ 7 scenes (08‐Sep‐2012)
International Support – UNESCAP & UNOOSA
Bangladesh– Cyclone Mahasen – May, 20131. RISAT‐1 – scene (17‐May‐2013)
Philippines – Floods – August, 20121. CartoSat‐1 PAN – 3 scene ((11‐Aug‐2012)
Philippines – Typhoon Bopha – December, 20121. RISAT‐1 – 4 scenes (07‐Dec‐2012)
Philippines– Typhoon Haiyan – November, 20131. RISAT‐1 – 15 scenes (12‐Nov‐2013)2. ResourceSat‐2 AWiFS – 1 scene (12‐Nov‐2013)3. Carto‐2 – 2 scenes (18‐Nov‐2013)
http://bhuvan‐noeda.nrsc.gov.in/disaster/internationaldisaster/disaster.phphttp://bhuvan‐noeda.nrsc.gov.in/disaster/internationaldisaster/disaster.php
“Data Support for International Disasters”
“27 events – 102 Data sets including HRS and MRS data”
Latest – Philippines – Typhoon – HaiyanRISAT – 23 ScenesCartosat- 2 Scenes
Resourcesat – 2 Scenes
Uttarakhand Floods– Damage to Kedarnath nrscnrsc
KedarnathTemple
CARTOSAT‐2A image of 20‐June‐2013
Road cut‐off
Road cut‐off
Debris
Debris
Pre‐Event Post‐Event
CARTOSAT-1 image
• Information Provided – Flood Inundation, Damaged Roads, Landslides• Observation Period – June, 17 to till date• Information Dissemination – NDEM – VPN, Bhuvan Portal
KedarnathTemple
n
CARTO & LISS-IV merged product highlighting Damage to Kedarnath settlements
KedarnathTemple
KedarnathTemple
Kedarnath Temple Description Count
Structures Intact
66
Damaged 47
Washed away
63
Retaining wall
(washed away)
1
Total 177
Kedarnath Temple surroundings Damage assessment
Data used:Pre‐Floods: Cartosat‐1 (year 2011)Post‐Flood: Cartosat‐2 (20th June 13)
International Ground Stations (IGS)To Receive IRS Data
• International Charter Space and Major Disasters - Initiated by CNES and ESA; ISRO joined in 2002
• Active participation in APRSAF’s Sentinel Asia; UN ESCAP; UNSPIDER;
• UNCOPUOS - Long term sustainability of Space activities
• International Astronautical Federation (IAF) - India hosted the 58th IAF Congress in 2007
• International Academy of Astronautics (IAA) – Regional Chapter
• Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) – India hosted the Scientific Assembly in 2012 at Mysore
• Committee on Earth Observation (CEOS) – Plenary in October 2012 at Bangalore
ISRO’s Multilateral Cooperation
Space System for the Search of Vessels in Distress (COSPAS) - Search and Rescue
Satellite Aided Tracking (SARSAT) System