Refrigeration cycle

Liquefaction Process Classification

External Refrigerant type

Cascade

Mixed Refrigerant Process (MR Process)

- Single MR

- Dual MR

- C3 Pre-cooled

New processes

Dual MR Process (Shell)

Liqeufin Process (Axens)

MFC Process (Linde)

AP-X Process (APCI)

Liquefaction Existing Process

Single MR Process (PRICO)

TEALARC Dual MR (Technip)

CASCADE Process (Phillips)

C3 Pre-cooled MR Process (APCI, Shell)

Single MR Process (PRICO)

Single MR (PRICO)

Refrigerant

InterCooler

Inter StageScrubber

Inter StagePump

RefrigerantCompressor

RefrigerantCondenser

Pump

High Pressure Refrigerant

Low Pressure Refrigerant

RefrigerantHeat Exchanger

Treated Feed Gas

Heavy LiquidSeparator

Heavy Liquidto Processing

LNG To Storage

GASTECH 1998

TEALARC Dual MR (Technip)

RefrigerantHeat Exchanger

Fractionators

LNGto Storage

C2+

RefrigerantHeat Exchanger

Treated Feed Gas

Pre-refrigerationCycle

Liquefaction Cycle

Mixed Refrigerant

MixedRefrigerant

by LNG9 1989

Propane Pre-cooled MR (APCI)/C3 MR

Fractionation

C3Pre-cooling

N2Reject

MP C3

HP C3

LPC3

HPC3

MPC3

HHPC3

LNG

to Storage

Fuel Gas

Scrub Column

LPG

MixedRefrigerant

C3Compressor

MRCompressor

RefrigerantHeat

Exchanger

Condensate

LPC3

LPG

TreatedFeed Gas

Propane Pre-cooled MR (APCI)

Cascade process using liquid heat exchanger(ConocoPhillip)

Tem

pe

ratu

re (°C

)

Enthalpy difference (kcal/mol)

1000 2000 3000

-100

-40

20

-60

-80

-20

0

-120

-140

-160

Natural Gas

Propane

Ethylene

Methane

Cooling Curve of Cascade Process

Tem

per

atu

re (°C

)

Enthalpy difference (kcal/mol)

-100

-40

20

-60

-80

-20

0

-120

-140

-160

1000 2000 3000

Natural Gas

C3 Cycle

MR Cycle

Cooling Curve of C3 Pre-cooled MR

Liquefaction New Process

Dual MR Process (Shell)

Liqeufin Process (Axens)

MFC Process (Linde)

AP-X Process (APCI)

SHELL DMR Process

Dual MR Process (Shell)

MixedRefrigerant

MR CompressorSpool woundHeat Exchangers

by LNG12 1998

MixedRefrigerant

Compressor

RefrigerantHeat

Exchanger

N2Reject

LNG

to Storage

Fuel Gas

Fractionation

Scrub Column

LPG

Condensate

LPG

TreatedFeed Gas

Mixed Fluid Cascade (LINDE)

LNGto Storage

Fuel Gas

RefrigerantHeatExchanger

RefrigerantHeat Exchanger

RefrigerantHeat Exchanger

Sub-cooling Cycle

LiquefactionCycle

Pre-cooling Cycle

Treated Feed Gas

End Flash

Mixed Fluid Cascade (LINDE)

AP-XTM Process (APCI)

AP-XTM Process (APCI)

Propane Pre-coolHeat Exchangers

FeedGas

Nitrogen Gas Expander

Nitrogen Compressor

Nitrogen Cold-box

Coil WoundSub-cool Heat Exchanger

Coil WoundMCHE

MR Compressor

Propane Pre-cool Compressor

ＬＮＧ

Liquefaction Evolution of LNG Train Capacity

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Mil

lio

n T

on

/Yr

CamelKenai

Lybia

Brunei

SkikdaAbu Dhabi

Badak

Arzew

Arun

Malaysia Australia

Abu Dhabi

Qatargas

Malaysia Dua

Ras Laffan

NigeriaAtlantic

Oman

Malaysia TigaRas Laffan Exp

Woodside Exp

Egypt SEGAS

Gas Turbine Driven

Steam Turbine Driven

Egypt Idku

Snohvit

Elec Motor Driven

GE

Fr.

6&

7

GE

Fr.

5

Po

we

r E

xp

ort

Mo

tor

Dri

ve

GE

Fr.

9

He

lpe

r M

oto

r

Arun 6

Tangguh

QGII

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