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THE MODERN WORLD:1800-1945
INTRODUCTION
19th century artists and writers, walking through the city streets would be equivalent to us channel surfing today
19th century also gave birth to leisure activities such as shopping, going to entertainments, or visiting art museums
Art was now for everybody 1st national museum was the Louvre in
Paris
NEOCLASSICISM
Neoclassicism- greatest subject matter of all, history including Classical mythology and biblical scenes
Jean-Auguste-Dominique-Ingres- student of Jacques-Louis David that made this style popular during this time
Ex. Jupiter and Thetis- from Homer’s Iliad
ROMANTICISM
Not so much a style but a set of attitudes and characteristic subjects
The style rebelled against leading thinkers and wanted to focus on emotion, intuition, individual experience, and above all imagination.
Ex. Eugene Delacroix- The Women of Algiers and Liberty Leading the People
GOYA, EXECUTIONS OF THE THIRD OF MAY
IMPRESSIONISM
Art moved outdoors, the true outdoors Portable oil tubes enabled artists to
bring their art outside Leisure activities of the middle class
were their favorite subjects
CLAUDE MONET
The most faithful of all impressionists His great subject was landscape Ex. A Bridge Over a Pool of Water Lilies
PIERRE-AUGUSTE RENOIR
Began directly with the colors instead of building layers
Straightforward painting technique devoted to capturing perception
Ex. Le Moulin de la Galette
POST-IMPRESSIONISM
Meaning simply the artist that came after Impressionism
Artists include: Georges Seurat Vincent van Gogh Paul Gauguin Paul Cezanne
SEURAT
Developed the technique of Pointillism- discrete dots and dashes of pure color were supposed to blend in the viewer’s eye
Ex. A Sunday on La Grande Jatte
VAN GOGH
Used high-keyed colors, agitated brushwork, and emotional intensity
Ex. The Starry Night and Wheat Field and Cypress Trees
MARY CASSATT (LATE 19TH CENTURY)
She focused on intimate domestic scenes of mothers and children-a world men rarely depicted in art
Ex. The Boating Party
FAUVISM
Did not last long (about 3 years) Crucial for the development of modern
art Critics called these artists fauves or
“wild beasts”
ANDRE DERAIN (1905)
Used pure, unmixed pigments, applied straight from the tube at times
Ex. View of Collioure
EXPRESSIONISM
Describes any style where the artist’s subjective feelings take precedence over objective observation
Ex. Edvard Munch- The Scream
VASILI KANDINSKY
He discovered the power of nonrepresentational art when he didn’t recognize a painting in his own studio
He realized that subject matter was only incidental to art’s impact
He wrote that color influences the soul (color-keyboard, eyes-hammer, soul-piano with many strings)
Ex. Black Lines
CUBISM
The beauty of cubism was that like linear perspective, anybody could do it
PABLO PICASSO
Born in Spain Loved women Came up with cubism “An artist works of necessity, that he
himself is only a trifling bit of the world, and that no more importance should be attached to him than to plenty of other which please us in the world, though we can’t explain them.”
LES DEMOISELLES D’AVIGNON
SEATED WOMAN
GUITAR, SHEET MUSIC, AND GLASS
GEORGES BRAQUE
One of the most naturally gifted artists in history
Worked with Picasso Their styles became virtually identical
THE CASTLE AT LA ROCHE-GUYON
THE EMIGRANT
FANTASY AND FUTURISM
These artists believed that art would move forward only through exploring new subjects
GIORGIO DE CHIRICO
One of the most influential artist of this style
“to become truly immortal a work of art must escape all human limits: logic and common sense will only interfere”
Dreams are what come to mind in this example, nothing in nature at all
THE DISQUIETING MUSES
DADA
Art style that rebelled against art itself Ready-made is a work of art that the
artist has not made but designated Most notorious artist of this style was
Marcel Duchamp
MARCEL DUCHAMP
Ordinary porcelain urinal set upright on its back
After the exhibition the object was to be returned to life
Wanted to prove a point
FOUNTAIN
SURREALISM
Appreciated logic of dreams, unconscious, bizarre, irrational, and marvelous
Was a way of life Automatism- writing or drawing that
flowed straight from the subconscious, unchecked by reason or inhibitions
SALVADOR DALI
Super realistic- yet the forms could not possibly be real
Perhaps in this painting Dali’s dream or fantasy was to triumph time
THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE 1920’S
Served as a magnet for some of the greatest talents such as- artists, musicians, composers, actors, writers, poets, scientists, and educators.
Lasted only a decade 3 experiences that made up this movement: Heritage of Africa Ugly legacy of slavery Modern urban life
AARON DOUGLAS
Studied West African sculpture and used flattened space
Ex. Aspects of Negro Life: From Slavery to Reconstruction
OTHER RENAISSANCE ARTISTS
Dorothea Lange- Migrant Mother Rockwell Kent- Workers of the World,
Unite!
