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Black pellets180427 Kasetsart Univesity Faculty ofForestryPer Norlin, Valmet [email protected]
Biomass Conversion
Co-firing in PC boilersPelletization
Steamexplosion Bio coal
Separation
Platform chemicalsConc. acidhydrolysis Refining
Biomass
BioethanolPre-
hydrolysis
Enzymatichydrolysis
FermentationDistillation
2 11 May, 2018 © Valmet | Mattias Erixon / Intro to Biotech
The growing market potential of pellets
Hawkings Wright 201611 May, 2018 © Valmet | Black pellet plant3
The primary use of black pelletsReplace coal in power plants
11 May, 2018 © Valmet | Black pellet plant4
Coal
5-10% co-firing5-15 % substitutionOR major cost torebuild
50-100 % substitutionand low cost to rebuild
Sustainable solution
Improved solution “White” pellets
“Black” pellets
Coal firedpower plant
ZilkhaBlack pellet plant
Fossil solution
White pellet plant
Pellet properties
11 May, 2018 © Valmet | Black pellet plant5
Wood chips White pellets Steam explodedpellets
Torrified pellets Hard coal
Heating value 10-12 GJ/ton 17 GJ/ton 19-21 GJ/ton 20-22 GJ/ton 25 GJ/ton
Bulk density 400 kg/m3 650 kg/m3 750 kg/m3 750 kg/m3 850 kg/m3
Energy density 3 GJ/m3 11 GJ/m3 15-16 GJ/m3 17 GJ/m3 21 GJ/m3
Water resistant N/A Poor Very good Good ? Very good
Durability N/A Good Very good Good ? Very good
Mass loss N/A 0-2 % 10-15 % >35 %
Dust % delivered High 3-7 % Low < 1% 5-10 % ?
Process Equipment Beyond White Pellets
InletWood
Chipping Drying HammerMilling
PelletPress
• One process step added to the conventional white pellet process• Hammer milling, not needed for the continuous process• Steam generation island to produce steam for BioTrac
XBioTrac Continuous Thermal Treatment Unit
Steam Generation Island
BioTrac Continuous Thermal TreatmentStandardized product range
Solid growth in biofuels and 2G sugarplatformLatest references prehydrolysis systems
CONFIDENTIAL8
Location Year Raw material Production, odt/d
Confidetial, Europe 2016 Non wood 1000
Confidential, Asia 2016 Wood 1
Confidential, Asia 2016 Bagasse 1
Confidential, Europe 2016 Wood and non wood 70
Confidential, Thailand 2015 Non wood 8
Confidential, Canada 2015 Wood 600
Bio Pilot Facility, Delft, Netherlands 2014 Non wood 1
Greenfield Ethanol, Canada 2014 Wood and non wood 3
Confidential, Europe 2013 Non wood 1
Clariant, Germany 2011 Non wood 10
University of Florida, USA 2010 Wood and non wood 3
API, Thomaston, USA 2010 Wood 3
Comparison of bio-coal processes
11 May, 2018 © Valmet | Author / Title9
Torrefaction Steam explosion
ProductBrittle pelletLow wet durabilityAbsorbs waterHigh calorific value possible
Durable pelletWater resistantHigh energy densityNo need to add binder when densifying
EconomicsDebris losses in logistics chainHigh thermal yieldLess feasible for CHP integration
Simple and cost effective processHigh availabilityLean operation personnelLess press capacity neededLower maintenence costFew ATEX classified areasNo need of inert gas systems (N2)Low dust lossesCompetitive logistics due to high energy densityWell suited for CHP integration and generation of greenpower
BankabilityComplete supply from ValmetReliable serviceLocal prescence
Health and EnvironmentSafety issues related to fire hazard andhandling of explosive gasesFine particulate dust health issue?
Few ATEX classified areas/equipmentLow fire and explosion riskNo poisonous gasesLow dust (microparticles) content in working environmentLow temperature dryer without hazardous emissions
Technical readinessDespite several pilots and demonstrationplants, the process has not yet arrived toindustrial break throughDensification a major unresolved issue
Based on well known and proven mechanical defibrationprocessesLow risk to apply for industrial useIndustrial scale emerging
Technology Atmospheric processTemperature range app. 240…310 °C
Pressurized low temperature processTemperature range app. 180…210 °C below ignitiontemperature of woodHigh mass yield resulting in low VOC formationPreserving of sugars formed in hydrolysis ensures durablepellets