Taxonomy of Bacteria

.

Bacteriology

Nomenclature . . . Identification

Classification

Taxonomy

. . . -: . Taxonomy Nomenclature Classification

-: -:

: 322-384 Carl Ven Linne 1753 Binomial System . ( . ) 1903 1947

-:

Code International bacteriology .

Scientific namesTrival Bacille Typhus bazilen . Collequial names Scientific names . . 1947 : Vernical

Common typhique

Typhoid bacillus

. Species binomial . Genus

(

)

. ) Neisseria ( ) Pasteurella

Lactobacillus Sarcina Micrococcus Corynebacterium Clostridium

( A.neisser

Species Sarcina alba Clostridium dissolves

-:

Streptococcus/actis Streptococcus/actis Actinomyces Scabies : Bacillus Subtilis Cohn Bacillus Coagulans Hammer

: Species Staphylococcus aureus (Rosenbach) Winslow & Rogers . Rosenbach) Rosenbach Winslow & Rogers Staphylococcus Varieties or Strains . -: Streptococcus Lactis Strept . Lactis Var . maltige

Classification of Bacteria

. . :

(

)

Natural Classification Phylogenetic Classification . . . . -: Artificial System-:

-: .

Artificial System-: . . . . .

Numerical Taxonomy

. Numerical Taxonomy .

(

.

) .

: ( A) . = . (C) . (A) DNA (C) (G) (T)

(G) =

(T)

.

+ %20 =

. %40 =

.

+

%30=

%60 = .

) .DNA

+

Melting point

( DNA

)

. .DNA

Duplex :

.

Species : . . .

Genus : . . . . .

Monotypic Family :

Bacillaceae

aceae Type genus Actinomy Cetaceae Bacillus . Actinomyces

.

Order : aceae Type Family Actinomycetales Speirochae + ales (ales) Tribe Suborder Bergeys Manual Kingdom Procaryotae ( 1989 _ ) Four Divisious : Section 33 Kingdom . Procaryotae . D.I Gracilicutes . D . II Firmicutes D . III Tenericutes D . IV Mendosicutes 1974

: D . I : Gracilicutes ( Gracilis = Thin Cutes = Skin) )( . . Sheath . Myxospores Capsule )

(

pleurocapsales Myxobacterales

. Class 1 : Scoto bacteria Class 2 : Anoxphoto bacteria Class 3 : Oxyphoto bacteria

: D . II Firmicutes ( Firmus = Strong )

( ( ) . .

(

)

: Class 1: Firmi bacteria Class 2: Thallo bacteria ) .(

. D . III . Tenericutes (Mycoplasmas . 2

: (Tenes = Soft ) :

) . Mollicutes

. . DNA C+G . . 4343- 48 % RNA C+G %46 -23 Genome

: D . IV : Mendosicutes (mendosus = haring faults ) Firmicutes Gracilictes . ( ) . + RNA RNA Archaco bacteria

: Group I Methanogens Group II Strict halophiles Group III Thermoacidophiles

. ( Section -: 23)

) Group I : The Spirochetes. Order : Spirochatales

(

.

2 .

. -: 4 2- G : Cristospira . 4- G : treponema . Treponema Pallidum 1.G : Leptosipira -: Family 1 : Spirochaetaceae 1-G : Spirochaetaceae . 3- G : Borrelia . Species Family 2 Leptospiraceae .

-2 Group 2: Aerobic / Microaerophilic , Motile , Helical / Vibrioid . Gram negative bacteris .

(

) H2 Co2 Co2

. .

-: Vibrioid Fresh Water -: 1- G : Aqua spirillium . 2- G : Spirillum . 3- G : Azo spirillum . 4- G : Oceano spirillum . 5- G : Campylo bacter 6- G : Bdello vibrio . 7- G : Vampiro vibrio . 8- G : Sporo sbirillum . Helical

( ) -3 Group 3: Nonmotile ( or Rarely motile ) . Gram Negative Curred BacteriaFamily : Spirosomaceae . . 1 . G : Runella G : spirosoma G : Cyclobacerium G : Flectobacillus : . :

-: (Ancylo bacter ) G : Microcylus ( G : Meniscus . : )

G : Barchyarcus .

:

.

G : Pelosigma :

.

. : Group 4 : Gram Negative aerobic Rods and Cocci .-: Family

1- Family : pseudomonadaceae .

543

54

. G1: pseudomonas G2: Xanthomonas G3 : Zoogloea G2 Type Genus pseudomonas

: G4 : Frateuria

2- Family : Azotobacteraceae .

G1 : Azoto bacer .

: G2 : Azomonas G2

3- Family : Rhizobiaceae(6 2) )

.

G2 : Brdyrhizobium G4: phyllobacterium

: G1: Rhizobium G3: Agrobacterium

4 Family : methylococcaceae

Ch3 Ch3 oH

CH4 CH4

: G1: Methylococcus G2 : Methylomonas

: Methyiomonas methanica Methylococcus capsulatus. capsulatus.

5 Family : Halobacteriaceae

O2 535-20 %68 - 66 C + G

G2 : Halococcus. Halococcus.

: G1 : Halobacterium .

6 - Family ; Acetobacteraceae

(

)

8 -1 6-5 . %65 - 51 DNA : G1 : Aceto bacter . G2 : Gllucono bacter : . : . (C+ G) ph ( 530 -25 )

7 Fam : Legionellaceae. Legionellaceae.

530 -25 pH 3.6 %43 -39 DNA G1 : Legionlla (C+ G)

8 Fam Leisseriaceae

Xanthephyll

.

: G2 : Moraxella G4 : Kingella : - Neisseria gonorrhoeae . - Neisseria Meningiidi ( G1 : Neisseria G3 : Acineto bacter

)

-5 Group 5 : Gram . Negative Facultatively anaerobic Rods

1/2 .

-:

1- Family : Entero bacteriaceae

. ( . )

1- Family : Entero bacteriaceae:

G1 : Escherichia G2 : Edwardsiella G3 : Shigella G4 : Citro bacter G5 : Salmonella G6 : Klebsiella G 7 : Hafnia G8 : Enterobacter G9: Serratia G10 : Broteus G11: Yersinia 11: G12 : Erwinia G13: providencia 13:

.Escherichia .Shigella .S.typhosa - S . paratyphi -S . Citrobacter dirersus

Coli

-: : = = = = alysenteriae - Sh . Shiga : = = = = .Typhimurum : = = = = : = = = = : = = = = = = = =

. Klebsiella pneumonia .Erowinia stewartii . proteus vulgaris :

2 Family : Vibrionaceae

-2

(

) Nad %35-2 .

-:

G1 : Vibrio . : Nad Vibrio Cholerae G2 : Photobactrium 3 -1 . G3: Aeromonas . . . G4 : Plesiomons . . .

.

3 Family : Pasteurellaceae

(

) : G3 : Haemophilus

G1 : Pasteurella

G2 : Actinobacillus

-6 Group 6 : Anaerobic Gram negative Striaght. -:

.

)

G1 : Bacteroides G4 : Selenomonas G7 : Succinivibrio G10: Pectinatus G13: Lachnospira G16: Megamonas Family : Bacteroidaceae

G2 : Fusibacteriuim G5 : Butyrivibrio G8 : Anaerob G11:Anaerovibrio G14: Haloanaerobium G17: Welinella :

G3 : Succinimonas G6 : Leptotrichia G9 : Aceptotrichia G12: Asporomus G15:Halobacteroides G18:Themobacteroides

-7 Group 7: Dissimilatory Sulfate or s . Reducing

. B . G1: Desulfuromonas. Desulfuromonas. . G2: Desulfovibrio . Co2

C -: S Co2 Co2

G3: Desulfomonas. Desulfomonas. .

G4: Desulfococcus. Desulfococcus. . Co2

G5: Desulfobacter. Desulfobacter.

Co2 G6: Desulfobulbus. Desulfobulbus. . G7: Desulfotomaculum. Desulfotomaculum. . G8: Desulfosarcina. Desulfosarcina. . Subgroup 1 Subgroup 2 _Subgroup 3 _Subgroub 4 G9: Desulfonama. Desulfonama. -

.

.Cutes = Skin )

: D . I : Gracilicutes ( gracilis = Thin : D . II Firmicutes ( Firmus = Strong ) . : D . III . Tenericutes (Tenes = Soft ) : D . IV : Mendosicutes (mendosus = haring faults )