19th Century Europe Maps

French Republic

& Territories

1792-1799

The Continental System 1805-1810

Europe, late 1812

Congress of Vienna

• After Napoleon was exiled, the nations that made up the Grand Alliance met to decide the fate of European nations (Austria, Britain, Prussia, and Russia).

• The goal was to establish long-lasting peace and stability in Europe

Prince Klemens von Metternich

• The most influential leader of the meeting was foreign minister of Austria

• “The first and greatest concern for the immense majority of every nation is the stability of laws – never their change.”

• He presented three goals for the Congress of Vienna

Goal 1 – Containment of France

• Prevent French aggression by surrounding the country with strong countries.

• Created the Kingdom of the Netherlands• Combined 39 German states into the German

Confederation (dominated by Austria)• Switzerland now independent nation• Kingdom of Sardinia (in Italy) adds Genoa

Goal 2 - Balance of Power

• Did not severely punish France – might try to seek revenge

• Do not break up the country – that could lead to another country becoming too strong

• France is a major, but weakened European nation.

• No Country Could Easily Overpower Another

Goal 3 – Legitimate Governments

• Return the monarchs to power in the countries in which Napoleon drove them out.

• The members of the Congress believed this would stabilize political relations among nations

Accomplishments of the Congress of Vienna

First time European leaders had worked together on political affairs

Everyone treated fairly

Balance of power in Europe – no immediate threat of war

Monarchs remain in control

Absolute – Central and Eastern Europe

Constitutional – Britain and France

Long Term Legacy of the Congress of Vienna

Many Latin American colonies revolt demanding independence

France weakened, but Britain and Prussia increase power

Nationalism spreads in regions put under foreign control

French Revolution allows people to see democracy as the best way to ensure equality and justice – the trend begins!

Europe after the

Congress of Vienna

When France Sneezes …

Unification of Italy, 1815

Unification of Italy,1860

Unification of Italy, 1861

Unification of Germany

Nationalities within Austria-Hungary, 1867

Europe, 1914