1911-1930s

China, Russia, Ireland, Spain

Birth of Republic of China• Qing (Ching) Dynasty 1644-1912 –

last of 2000 years of dynastic imperial China, Manchurians ruling over Hans

• Empress Dowager CiXi• Emperor Pu Yi, the Last Emperor,

Forbidden Ciy• Wuchang Uprising – General Yuan

Shi Kai• Dr. Sun Yat-Sen – 1st president• Xinhai Revolution 1911• Republic of China 1912-1949 –

lost to Mao and communists, moved to Taiwan in 1949

The October Revolution 1917• Rasputin• March 1917 – Tsar Nicholas II abdicates• The provisional govt and Kerensky, soviets• Royal family moved to house arrest• Constituent assembly planned for

November• Bolsheviks vs. Menschiviks• Vladimir Lenin• September 1917 – Bolsheviks gain

majority in soviets in Moscow and Petrograd

• October 10• October 23 – newspapers closed• October 24 – Bolshevik army takes city• October 25 – Kerensky flees, • October 26 – Lenin’s decrees on peace

and land• The Cheka

The Russian Civil War 1918-1920• Treaty of Brest-Livotsk March

1918 (Finland)• Nicholas II, Tsarina Alexandra,

Alexei, Olga, Tatiana, Anastasia

• Hemophilia• April 1918 - The Royal Family

moved to Yekaterinburg• White Army versus Red Army• White Russians gaining

ground• July 16 – family and servants

executed• Civil War over by 1920• Polish-Soviet War – Treaty of

Riga

After Treaty of Riga

Irish Independence

• Background – Elizabeth I, Oliver Cromwell, Potato Famine, ruling Protestant minority

• Irish nationalist Sir Roger Casement and the Germans

• The 1916 Easter Rising• Eamon de Valera• Sinn Fein 1905• 1918 Conscription Crisis

Irish War of Independence, 1919-1921Irish Civil War 1922-23

• Irish Republican Army vs. British Army• 1919 Versailles – Sinn Fein attended,

ignored• Home Rule versus independence• January 1919 – guerrilla warfare

begins in Tipperary and Cork• Michael Collins• Act of 1920 – two parliaments, six

counties became Northern Ireland• July 11, 1921 – Collins signs Anglo-Irish

Treaty with UK, accepted partition• Irish Free State – de Valera first PM• Irish Civil War 1922-1923• August 1922 – Collins ambushed by

anti-treaty Irish

Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939• Republicans (incumbent) v.

Nationalists (Franco)• 1931 – King Alfonso XIII

authorized elections• Monarchy abolished, 2nd

Republic formed, Catalonia, Basque autonomous

• 1933 – conservatives regain govt control

• 1936 – Popular Front regains leftist control, Franco sent to Canary Islands

The Civil War• July 17, 1936 - Franco joined units in

Spanish Morocco, garrison uprisings all over Spain

• Franco and army ferry across Strait of Gibraltar

• November – siege of Madrid• 1937 Falange – fascist party behind

Franco• The Republicans increasingly

communist – aided by Soviets• Germany and Italy aid Franco• Jan. 1939 – Barcelona falls• March – Madrid falls• 1 million lives lost• Franco is dictator until 1975

Guernica by PicassoApril 26, 1937

Movies and Books

• Michael Collins - Ireland• In the Name of the

Father - Ireland• The Boxer - Ireland• Bloody Sunday - Ireland• For Whom the Bell Tolls

- Spain