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1917
German foreign minister,
Zimmerman, sent a secret Telegram
to the President of Mexico
proposing an alliance against
the U.S.
The Zimmerman Telegram
• Germany offered to help Mexico regain New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona from the United States in return for Mexican support during the war.
• The British intercepted the secret message and deciphered it
• The British turned the telegram over to the United States
Political Cartoon:President Woodrow Wilson, in response to continued German U-boat attacks at sea
The United States declares war on Germany
Off to War
The Eastern Front
• Germany & Austria were beating the Russians
• Russians were hungry and unhappy with the monarchy (Tsar)
• Tsar Nicholas II abdicates
Russian (October) Revolution
• Led by I.V. Lenin, the Bolsheviks (radical communists) successfully overthrew the Russian Tsarist government on November 7
• Russia withdrew from the war
• The communist system (in which the economy is to be controlled by the workers) evolved into a totalitarian state dominated by a single political party
Propaganda
Total War
• Regardless of which alliance they belonged to, all combatant nations faced common domestic challenges.
• Germany, Austria-Hungary, France, Great Britain, Russia and Italy, mobilized their entire nation to fight in this "Total War".
World War One was the first major conflict in human history which required the mobilization
of entire societies.
John Meintz, an American of German ancestry, was tarred and feathered for not supporting war bond drives. Front and rear views, showing feathers stuck on his body.
Mata Hari
• The infamous Dutch spy became an exotic dancer and courtesan
• Mata Hari was arrested by the French and executed for espionage
• Her stage name, "Mata Hari" became synonymous with spying and espionage.
1918• January 8 - Woodrow Wilson issues his
Fourteen Point plan for peace.
• March 3 – Communist Russia and the Central Powers sign the peace Treaty of Brest Litovsk
German flying ace, Baron von Richthofen (the Red Baron) is shot down.
American Aero Squadron field. Making preparations for a daylight raid on German trenches and cities. The machines are lined up and the pilots and mechanics test their planes
1918• November 9 - German Kaiser Wilhelm II
abdicates and flees Germany.
• November 11 - Germany signs the armistice. Fighting ends on the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month
• June 28, 1919, the Treaty of Versailles is signed, officially ending WWI.
Peace, armistice Nov. 11, 1918
Arriving home, U.S. forces are segregated
Never forget the importance of history. To know nothing of what happened before you took your
place on earth, is to remain a child for ever and ever.