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Unit 4: After the War and the
1920’s Chapter 20 – Section 1
“Americans Struggle with Postwar Issues”
Nativism / Isolationism Communism / Anarchism KKK / Radical Groups, Ideas and Issues
– Section 2 “The Harding Presidency”
Political / Economic / Social Issues
Politics of the Roaring 20’s”
After the War
Stressful conditions leads to FEAR• Nativism (Foreign Influences) • Return to ISOLATIONISM
• NO involvement in World Affairs
Politics of the Roaring 20’s”
The “Red ScareRed Scare” - Communism -Russian Revolution
Public feeling was against the labor unions and political leftists. Many people considered anyone with leftist views to be a revolutionary trying to overthrow democracy. Many state and local governments passed laws making it a crime to belong to organizations that supported revolution. Twenty-eight states passed laws making it a crime to wave red flags.
The “Red ScareRed Scare” All this was too much for many Americans.
They began to accuse labor unions and others of planning a revolution. And they launched a forceful campaign to protect the country from these suspected extremists. Leaders of this campaign accused thousands of people of being communists, or "Reds." The campaign became known as the "Red Scare. "
Of course, most people were honestly afraid of revolution. They did not trust the many foreigners who were active in unions. And they were tired of change and social unrest after the bloody world war.
The “Red ScareRed Scare”– Schenck v. U.SSchenck v. U.S..
“clear & present danger” Palmer RaidsPalmer Raids (Fight Subversives)
Labor Unrest– 1919 (3,000 strikes)
Coal Miners Strike– John L. Lewis – United Mines Workers of America
FEAR POLITICSAnarchists, Communists, Radicals
Immigrants (Catholic, Jewish, Changes…) Racial Tensions
– Revival of the KU KLUX KLAN Indiana, Ohio
– NAACP fights Segregation & the Klan
the RED SCARE
The Red Scare did not last long. But it was an important event. It showed that many Americans after World War One were tired of social
changes. They wanted peace and business growth. (jobs)The “Roaring Twenties” will be a time of
massive economic, social and cultural changes in the United States
2) 2) Harding PresidencyHarding Presidency
Isolationism…. Immigrant Quota….. Disarmament…...
Kellogg-Brian PactKellogg-Brian Pact
(60 nations)agree to disarm Fordney-McCumber Tariff (60%) The OHIO Gang Teapot Dome Scandal…..
– Albert Falls (1st Cabinet – Bribery)
Automobile IMPACT
Assembly LineAssembly Line ((affordable, practical carsaffordable, practical cars) ) Auto industry Grows - Ford, GM, Chevrolet
CHANGES AMERICACHANGES AMERICA– Paved roads extend (Route 66) Gas Stations,
Repair Shops, Parking, Tourist Camps, Shopping Centers, Automatic Traffic signals
URBAN SPRAWLURBAN SPRAWL (growing family homes)– Increased Mobility makes US differentIncreased Mobility makes US different
Success of Free Enterprise (Success of Free Enterprise (80% in US80% in US)) Airplane IndustryAirplane Industry
– U.S. Postal ServiceU.S. Postal Service– Trans Atlantic flightsTrans Atlantic flights
Consumer based EconomyConsumer based Economy
Economy “Booms” (40% worlds wealth in US) 1913-1927 465% increase in electricity homes
explosion in elect. conveniences: Vacuums, Washers, Refrigerators, Toasters, Irons, Stoves, Radios, etc…) our Standard of Living SOARS
Retailers use “New Sales Techniques” for us to BUY PRODUCTS we can’t afford
Installment PlanInstallment Plan (credit) (Story on pg. 633 A Personal VoiceA Personal Voice)
Planned ObsolescencePlanned Obsolescence– We are convinced- We are convinced- NEEDNEED the Newest, the Newest,
Coolest (advertising drives Coolest (advertising drives IDEAS, DESIRES)IDEAS, DESIRES)
“ Have you bought an automobile yet?” “No, we can’t afford one” “Mr. Jones has one and he’s no more well off than you are” “Yes, his 2nd installment plan was due and he had no money to pay it” “Did he lose his car?” “No, they got the money and paid the installment” “How did they get the money?” “They sold their stove” “How could they do without their stove?” “They didn’t. They bought another stove on the installment plan”
BUYING ON CREDIT will be one of the Major Causes of the DEPRESSION
Advertisers Create “DesireDesire” to motivate us
-1927 $1.5 Billion spent on advertising Psychology studies “why we do what we dowhy we do what we do” SUBLIMINAL ADVERTISINGSUBLIMINAL ADVERTISING
– Focus on SUBCONSCIOUS Art Deco
– The streamlined, brightly colored, overlapping and repeating geometric design elements typical of Art Deco style were in many instances inspired by the movement of machines and the great industrial growth of the 1920’s. Can still be seen in architectural design
Post WWIIntellectual Movements
WWI : SparksWWI : Sparks
* anti-society * anti-society
* anti-government * anti-government
* anti-western culture* anti-western culture
* anti-religion (God)* anti-religion (God) Intellectualism v. ReligiousIntellectualism v. Religious
– Prejudice (intelligent v. non-Prejudice (intelligent v. non-intelligent)intelligent)
I -Manners & Morals ChangeChange 1920 census (1st) more live in cities -
Lifestyles are different (Moral Decay) Prohibition (18th) 1920
- fix alcohol, social issues What type of issues and concerns did
reformers have that encouraged the passage of Prohibition?
What was the Volstead Act? What were Speakeasies? From where will Bootleggers smuggle
in illegal alcohol? What were the Causes and Effects
of Prohibition? (chart pg. 643)
SpeakeasiesSpeakeasies
* Blind Pigs * Blind Pigs BootleggersBootleggers
Organized CrimeOrganized Crime
(Al Capone) Joe Kennedy
Prohibition Repealed 1933 (21st)
“What effects did prohibition have on American Society and Culture”?– GOOD or BAD?
“law abiding citizens begin to break to law and associate with criminals on a daily basis” BADBAD
“they decide what laws they will follow, and which laws they will NOT follow” VERY BADVERY BAD
Evangelists: Evangelists: Billy Sunday/Aimee Billy Sunday/Aimee McPhersonMcPherson
FundamentalismFundamentalism (Religion) v. Evolution (Science-Evolution (Science-Intellectualism)Intellectualism)– Religious Doctrine v.
Darwin’s Theory of Evolution
Scopes “Monkey” Trial
Women’s Changing Roles– FASHION (Victorian Age)– Hour Glass Figure / Long Hair
Flappers: (dress & morals loose)– Anti-Victorian Attitude– Short Hair / Loose Dress
Demographics country to the city
Attack DOUBLE STANDARD– Women’s Rights Movement