1933 - 1940

The New Deal

DRQ 12.1

CREATE A T-CHART AND LIST 3 CAUSES AND 3 EFFECTS OF THE STOCK MARKET CRASH OF 1929

Lecture 12.1“Launching the New Deal”

A. The Election of 1932

Roosevelt’s Rise 1921 - polio NY Gov. - direct relief program

The 1932 Campaign FDR promised jobs FDR attacked Hoover

A Landslide Victory FDR won easily Democrats win Congress

B. A Political Partnership

Roosevelt’s popularity strength and personality fireside chats

Roosevelt’s philosophy Government should provide for

people

Eleanor Roosevelt wife was his eyes and ears changed the role of the First Lady worked for social issues people wrote her letters for help

C. Roosevelt Takes Action

The Banking Crisis FDR announces “bank holiday” Emergency Banking Act Glass-Steagall Act & FDIC

The Hundred Days many New Deal reforms passed The New Deal’s three goals:

relief, recovery, reforms Civilian Conservation Corps Agricultural Adjustment Act National Industrial Recovery Act Public Works Administration Securities/Exchange Commission Tennessee Valley Authority

D. Trouble for the New Deal

A New Relationship government and the people Radical/Conservative criticism

Leading Critics Huey Long - Share Our Wealth Father Charles Coughlin Dr. Francis Townsend The American Liberty League

Opposition from the Courts FDR creating too much power Supreme Court challenges

programs

DRQ 12.2

LIST 5 NEW DEAL PROGRAMS PASSED DURING FDR’S FIRST HUNDRED DAYS IN OFFICE

Lecture 12.2 “The Second New Deal”

E. The Second Hundred Days

1934 midterm elections Democrats win more seats Second New Deal

Emergency Relief FDR halts direct relief programs encouraged work for pay Works Progress Administration

largest peacetime jobs program

Social Security Act pension and unemployment

F. Reviving Organized Labor

NIRA - power to labor unions Wagner Act

National Labor Relations Board

The CIO is Born AFL - no unskilled workers John L. Lewis - UMW Congress of Industrial Workers

The GM Sit-Down Strike sit-down strike becomes effective GM recognized the union union membership growing

G. The Election of 1936

Rural Electricity Rural Electrification

Administration provided electricity to rural homes

Americans Re-elect FDR FDR - success/accomplishment FDR won re-election easily Democrats gained more seats

H. A Troubled Year

The Court Packing Plan FDR’s reorganization plan Critics - FDR trying to “pack”

the courts

Moving Forward The Farm Tenancy Act Supreme Court issues favorable

decisions

Recovery in Doubt 1937 - FDR spends more money The deficit grew each year John Maynard Keynes - British

economist believed in deficit spending

DRQ 12.3

WHY WAS FDR CRITICIZED FOR “GOING TOO FAR” DURING THE SECOND TERM OF HIS PRESIDENCY?

Lecture 12.3 “Life During the New Deal”

I. New Roles for Women and African Americans

Women in the New Deal Frances Perkins

first female Sec. of Labor. FDR appointed more women than

other presidents Discrimination still a problem

African Americans The Black Cabinet Mary McLeod Bethune

director of Negro Affairs in NYA discrimination still a problem

J. Telling the Story of the Depression

The Work of Dorothea Lange photographer - chronicled

hardships of the Depression brought attention to rural poor

Agee, Evans, and Famous Men

Writer and photographer depicted lives of sharecroppers Let Us Now Praise Famous

Men

K. Popular Entertainment of the 1930’s

Movies 80 million attend each week Charlie Chaplin/Marx Brothers Gone with the Wind The Wizard of Oz Disney’s Snow White

Radio variety of news/entertainment The Lone Ranger The War of the Worlds Jazz - Louis Armstrong Swing music

Benny Goodman/Duke Ellington

L. Sports in the 1930’s

Babe Ruth and Joe DiMaggio Lou Gehrig’s announcement Babe Zaharias

multisport female star

Joe Louis and Max Schmeling famous boxing match

DRQ 12.4

CREATE A T-CHART AND LIST AT LEAST 3 POPULAR MOVIES AND 3 SPORTS STARS FROM THE 1930’S

Lecture 12.4 “Analyzing the New Deal”

M. The Impact of the New Deal

Relief, Recovery, and Reform Many people had some relief

direct relief government programs

No lasting economic recovery 1939 - 10 mil. people unemployed

Reforms more successful FDIC - confidence in banks SEC - regulates stock market WPA - lasting works projects

Changing Relationships people and government larger/more involved government

N. Limits of the New Deal

Relief programs - temporary 4.7 million people went unserved pay low - encourage people to find

better jobs

Level of assistance varied by state

Massachusetts = $60/child. Arkansas = $8/child.

Programs also fostered discrimination against women and minorities

O. End of the New Deal

Weakening Support Anti-New Deal senators attempts to reorganize presidency 1938 – Fair Labor standards Act

established a minimum wage

The 1938 Elections FDR handpicked candidates FDR’s efforts failed

incumbent candidates re-elected

After the New Deal FDR lost some support could not pass additional programs Attention turned to conflict in Europe