DRQ 14.1 List 3 important steps the U.S. took in moving from isolation to involvement before the attack on pearl harbor. o Atlantic Ocean supply route o trade between U.S./Britain o improved German U-boats o German battleship Bismarck o U-Boat Attacks o German wolf packs o The Allies Fight Back o American production/technology o gave Allies the advantage o Allies cracked the Enigma Code o Hitler broke Soviet pact o invaded the Soviet Union o Soviets joined the Allies o Russian winter proved a great ally o Germans controlled large area o Thousands die during siege of Leningrad. o The Battle of Stalingrad o Soviets refused to surrender o Hitler defeated in early 1943 o marked beginning of Germanys collapse o Germany pushed out of Russia o 12 million Soviet soldiers and millions of civilians were killed o Control of Mediterranean Sea o oil from Suez Canal o General Erwin Rommel o Germanys desert fox o Led forces in N. Africa o Faced defeat at El Alamein o Operation Torch o Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower o First U.S. combat action o gains Allied control of N. Africa o On to Italy o Allies invade/take Sicily o Mussolini captured/executed o Tuskegee Airmen play vital role o Thousands die at Bloody Anzio o Planning Operation Overlord o invasion of mainland Europe o Gen. Omar Bradley in charge o Germans develop V1/V2 rockets o The landing at Normandy o June 6, 1944 D-Day o Largest invasion in history o Allied soldiers storm the beaches o Allies establish a beachhead o Paris freed in 2 months o The Battle of the Bulge o Allies moved eastward o Germans launch counterattack o Gen George S. Patton provides relief for trapped Allied soldiers DRQ 14.2 Name three U.S. Generals involved in the European theater of battle and briefly describe what role they played. o Hitlers scapegoats o Jews blamed for Germanys problems o Jews forced to wear Stars of David o Hitler in Power o German anti-Semitic laws o 1935 Nuremburg Laws o stripped Jews of citizenship/rights o Attacks on Jews o Nov. 9 & 10, Kristallnacht o night of broken glass o Jewish businesses/synagogues destroyed - hundreds were killed o many sent to concentration camps o Flight from Germany o Many foreign countries refused to accept Jewish refugees. o Concentration Camps/Ghettos o POWs, Jews, enemies of state o Some risked lives for Jews o The Diary of Anne Frank o prisoners overworked and starved o ghettos were separated/sealed off o thousands died in Warsaw ghetto o the Jewish Fighting Organization o The Final Solution o Hitler proposed genocide o Called for death camps o sped up extermination of Jews o Millions of various people died at the hands of the Nazis o Jewish immigration limited o protect American jobs o Nazi atrocities dismissed as rumors o 1944 the War Refugee Board o assisted any victims facing death o Liberating the Nazi Camps o Russians discover camps such as Auschwitz and Buchenwald o Bodies stacked like wood o survivors barely alive o The Nuremburg Trials o 22 Nazi leaders tried for war crimes o Some Nazi leaders discovered later and still tried for crimes DRQ 14.3 List in order at least 5 major events that affected the development of the holocaust o Pearl Harbor attack gives time o Japanese Advances o captured Wake Island and Guam o captured Hong Kong and Singapore o captured oil reserves and strategic bases in S.E. Asia o The Philippines o Gen. Douglas MacArthur o led the defense of the Philippines o American/Filipino troops forced to retreat and surrender o MacArthur vowed, I shall return. o the Bataan Death March o five-day forced march with little food or water thousands perish o April, 1942 Doolittles Raid o revenge for Pearl Harbor o shook Japanese confidence o The Battle of Coral Sea o Admiral Chester Nimitz o marked first time Japanese stopped o The Battle of Midway o U.S. broke Japanese code o knew beforehand about the attack o planes from carriers attacked/sank Japanese ships o turning point in the Pacific theater o first defeat for the Japanese o Guadalcanal U.S. victory o The Allies Press On o MacArthurs island hopping o Navajo code talkers o Back to the Philippines o Battle of Leyte Gulf o Japanese first used kamikaze attacks o MacArthur returned to Philippines o Iwo Jima and Okinawa o American B-29 bombers raid targets o Iwo Jima entrenched Japanese soldiers fought to the death o Okinawa bloodiest battle - would provide launching point for possible invasion DRQ 14.4 List and briefly describe 3 major battles that took place during the Pacific Theater of World War II Conserving Food/Other Goods victory gardens provided some food rationing was needed/implemented families received ration books scrap drives helped conserve items Investing in Victory Americans bought war bonds Paying the Personal Price flags displayed families sacrifice journalist Ernie Pyle and cartoonist Bill Mauldin described war/lives of soldiers FDRs four freedoms speech speech, worship, want, fear The Office of War Information spread pro-war propaganda posters encouraged work, support for war, Axis threat Hollywood Helps Out movies - major form of propaganda movie stars sold war bonds and entertained the troops. The Barnette Ruling West Virginia vs. Barnette cant be forced to salute the flag Executive Order 9066 to remove all persons of Japanese ancestry from the western U.S. 110,000 people relocated to camps 2/3 were American citizens confinement was called internment Japanese American Loyalty 442nd Regimental Combat Team, made up of only Japanese Americans highest decorated unit of the war and for its size, all of U.S. History. Korematsu vs. the United States, Fred Korematsu challenged internment Courts ruled limit of civil rights during war is legal Office of Price Administration oversaw wartime rationing War Production Board oversaw converting industries to war production government increased spending caused increase in national debt Americans paid increased income tax DRQ 14.5 List and briefly describe 3 ways in which the war affected American life on the home front The Yalta Conference 1945 The Big Three - FDR, Churchill, Stalin make peace plans for Europe divided Germany and Berlin Stalin promised free elections Crossing the Rhine key barrier to the center of Germany Allies used bridge at Remagen The Question of Berlin Soviets reached Berlin first Eisenhower held U.S. troops back April 12, 1945 word of FDRs death Hitlers Death April 30, 1945 Hitlers suicide May 8, 1945 VE Day - Germany surrendered - victory in Europe. The costly invasion invasion might cost 1 million lives Japan Continues Fighting bombers destroyed Japanese cities the Japanese vowed no surrender The Atomic Bomb Manhattan Project developed A-bomb Harry S. Truman became president made decision to use the bomb Aug. 6, the Enola Gay dropped the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima 3 days later - Japanese dont respond 2 nd atomic bomb dropped - Nagasaki Emperor calls for people to surrender August 15, 1945 VJ Day the Japanese surrendered Creation of the United Nations June 1945 representatives from 50 nations form UN in San Francisco The Potsdam Conference Allied leaders discuss future of Europe Stalin breaks promises from Yalta Rebuilding Europe and Japan MacArthur in Japan establish democracy rebuilding their economy Japanese officers tried and executed U.S. worked to rebuild Europe, tensions with Soviet Union increased