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-INCH 3-GUN TURRETS MAIN ARMAMENT FOR USS SALEM CLASS
Folks,
8-Inch 3-Gun Turrets Main Armament For Uss Salem Class, Turret Description And Operation, July
947 was created just after WW II.
n this online version of the manual we have attempted to keep the flavor of the original layout while
aking advantage of the Web's universal accessibility. Different browsers and fonts will cause the text to
move, but the text will remain roughly where it is in the original manual. In addition to errors we havettempted to preserve from the original this text was captured by optical character recognition. This
rocess creates errors that are compounded while encoding for the Web.
Please report any typos, or particularly annoying layout issues to [email protected] for correction.
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-INCH 3-GUN TURRETS MAIN ARMAMENT FOR USS SALEM CLASS
OP 1180 (Vo
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-INCH 3-GUN TURRETS MAIN ARMAMENT FOR USS SALEM CLASS
31 JULY 1947
This publication is RESTRICTED and shall be safeguarded in accordance with the security provisions
U. S. Navy Regulations, 1920, Article 76.
This Page Blank
NAVY DEPARTMENTBUREAU OF ORDNANCE
WASHINGTON 25. D. C.
31 July 1
ORDNANCE PAMPHLET 1180 (VOLUME 1)
TURRET DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION,
-INCH THREE-GUN TURRETS, USS SALEM CLASS
. Ordnance Pamphlet 1180 (Volume 1) describes and provides operating and maintenance instructions
or the turret of the rapid-fire automatic 8-inch guns of heavy cruisers of the USS SALEM class. It
ncludes appended general engineering data and Safety Precautions applying to the guns and to all othe
urret installations.
2. This publication, together with the references of paragraph three, provides complete information for
nstallations of the turrets. It is to be used by operating personnel, maintenance personnel ashore and
float, personnel of installing activities, inspectors, and the Advanced Technical Service Schools, and ather training activities providing instruction concerning the gun and its mount services.
. Ordnance Pamphlet 1180 (Volume 1) is one of a series of six volumes describing the turret, turret
peration, and all of the turret installations. The other volumes are designated:
OP 1180 (Volume 2)-Guns and Slides
OP 1180 (Volume 3)-Elevating and Training Gear Drives and Controls
OP 1180 (Volume 4)-Ammunition Stowage and Hoist Equipment
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-INCH 3-GUN TURRETS MAIN ARMAMENT FOR USS SALEM CLASS
OP 1180 (Volume 5)-Turret Fire Control and Electrical Installations
OP 1180 (Volume 6)-Tools, Accessories, and General Instructions for Turret Installations
. This publication supersedes two volumes of a limited blueprint edition issued by the Naval Gun
Factory for interim use of the Advanced Technical Service Schools, designated: OP 1180 (Preliminary)
Chapters 1 and 2, respectively.
. This publication is RESTRICTED and shall be safeguarded in accordance with the security provisionf U. S. Navy Regulations, 1920, Article 76.
G. F. HUSSEY, JR.
Vice Admiral, U. S. Navy
Chief of the Bureau of
Ordnance
CONTENTS
Introduction
Page
The Ship and Armament vii
Chapter 1-Turret, General Description
Structural Assembly 1
Rotating structure 1
Gun house structural plan 3
Suspended structure 6
Turret roller bearing 8
Fixed structure 10
Ordnance Installations 13
Ordnance designs 21
Gun and slide assemblies 22
Gun laying equipment 26
Ammunition hoist equipment 37
Projectile stowing and handling equipment 41
Fire control equipment 43
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-INCH 3-GUN TURRETS MAIN ARMAMENT FOR USS SALEM CLASS
Auxiliary Installations 49
Power supply 49
Ventilating system 52
Sprinkling system 55
Communications 61
Illumination 65Air supply services 67
Gas ejector 67
Counterrecoil 68
Hydraulic equipment filter system 69
Chapter 2-Turret Operation
Introduction 71
Station activities and turret control methods 71
Firing cycle 73
Personnel organization 73
Crew stations 74
Personnel Duties 77
Turret officer 77
Turret captain 78
Talkers 79Computer operator 79
Radar operators 80
Electrician (turret officer's booth) 81
Gun captains 81
Gun captain's assistants 81
iv
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Page
Trainer 82
Sight setter 85
Pointer 87
Checker 87
Projectile ring operators 89
Projectile men 91
Parbucklers 91
Electrician (lower projectile flat) 91
Petty officer in charge (powder handling room) 91
Powdermen 93
Preparing for Operation 93
Manning stations 93Starting operations 94
Casting loose 95
Establishing communications 98
Ordnance Equipment Preparations and Starting Operations 98
Safety checks, operating precautions, and tests 99
Energizing main power circuit 99
Starting drives 99Setting controls; energizing control circuits 102
Firing Operations 104
First round 104
Normal automatic fire 108
Gun laying, firing 109
Turret operation, local control 113
Turret operation, hand (emergency) control 115Sighting 115
Range estimating 116
Gun Casualty Operations 117
Misfire operations 117
Manual case extraction 120
Manual case ejection 120
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-INCH 3-GUN TURRETS MAIN ARMAMENT FOR USS SALEM CLASS
Manual projectile extraction 120
Manual hoist operation 120
Securing Operations 121
Stopping equipment 121
Conditioning for stowing 123
Securing 123Stowing Ammunition 126
Stowage handling via the hoist route 128
Appendix
1. General Turret Data 131
2. Ordnance Data 133
3. Index of Assemblies 135
4. Safety Precautions 145
v
USS Salem-Armament Arrangement
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vi
8-INCH 3-GUN TURRETS
USS SALEM CLASS
INTRODUCTION
The ship
USS SALEM is the first of a new class of heavy
ruisers. The hull is larger; the belt and deck
rmor are more extensive; and the fire power is
reater than in ships of the BALTIMORE and
arlier classes. The displacement is 17,000 tons.Over-all length is 716.5 feet; the beam 76.5 feet.
The armament
Antiaircraft, secondary, and main batteries and
ire control installations include new ordnance
ypes and new arrangements.
Antiaircraft batteries. Forty-eight minor-caliberuns comprise the defensive antiaircraft
rmament. These guns are arranged in two
atteries; twelve twin mounts of 20-millimeter
machine guns are symmetrically located on the
weather deck and in the superstructure; twelve
win mounts of 3-inch/50 caliber guns are em-
laced on the weather deck and on pedestals
bove it.
The 3-inch mount is a new automatic, rapid-fire
ype, tactically replacing the 40-millimeter
ntiaircraft installations of earlier ships. The
mounts are located and arranged for independent
r divided fire control. Four mounts are on the
weather deck-two forward on centerline, and two
ft at the transom. Eight are amidship-four port
nd four starboard-in positions that permit low-
ngle fire over adjacent mounts of the secondary
Main battery. The main battery consists of three 8
inch 3-gun turrets, described in this ordnance
pamphlet. They are rapid-fire, automatic turrets o
an entirely new design.
All three turrets are located on centerline, the gun
houses of turrets I and III being immediately abovthe weather deck while that of turret II is at the lev
of the first superstructure deck. Turret centers are
157.5, 205.5, and 538.5 feet (for turrets I, II, and I
respectively) from the bow. Gun trunnion axes, in
the same order, are 27 feet 9 inches, 36 feet 2
inches, and 28 feet 9 inches above the 24-foot
waterline. These positions and the large arcs of tra
provide fire concentration of nine guns on either
beam, six forward and three astern.
All turrets are virtually identical. Their gun house
and below-deck structures, emplacements,
magazines, and Ordnance installations only differ
minor details, adapting each to its ship location an
the fire control plan.
Turret structural and space arrangement plans
however differ substantially from the conventiona
turret designs of all previous battleships andcruisers. This difference is due, in part, to the use
semifixed ammunition, for the first time in
Ordnance of this size, and, in part, to the design
types and details of the guns and the ammunition
handling equipment. These ammunition and
Ordnance equipment designs have permitted and
required omission of flameproof bulkheads
separating the guns, the control stations, and the
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attery.
Secondary battery. Six twin 5-inch, enclosed,
dual-purpose mounts, of the same type and
rrangement of earlier cruisers, comprise the
econdary battery. They are located as follows:
wo port, two starboard on the weather deck
midship, and one before and one abaft theuperstructure, on centerline at the second
uperstructure deck.
powder service.
The emplacements are conventional foundation
structure, barbette, and magazine designs. Their
arrangements are quite similar to those of earlier
heavy cruisers, differing principally in the magazi
stowage provisions and powder-passing scuttles f
powder cases instead of powder bags.
vii
n their Ordnance installations, the turrets are
ntirely new. The guns operate automatically, and
equire no attendants in the gun compartment;
hey fire at three times the rate of the 3-gun turrets
f the BALTIMORES. Other features are:omparatively fast gun laying and turret train
drives; loading at all angles, while gun laying;
ubstitution of radar range taking equipment for
ptical rangefinder; local radar train control;
utomatic fuze setting; and other original fire
ontrol arrangements for local and remote control.
Fire control installations. The ship's fire control
nstallations comprise extensive arrangement ofptical and radar director equipment, together
with related computing and stabilizing devices.
The system is more complex than that of any prior
ruiser. It includes forward and after main battery
directors; four secondary battery directors, one
ach located forward, port, starboard and aft;
multiple directors for
the 3-inch mounts; and four plotting rooms, two
each for main and secondary batteries. Plot
switching arrangements permit many variations o
control.
Main directors are combination radar and optical
rangefinder types, adapted, with their plotting roo
equipments, for divided turret control or single
control of all turrets, using remote automatic or
remote indicating control.
Secondary directors are of two types. The ones
above the superstructure, on centerline, are
combination radar and optical rangefinder types omodified Mk 37 design. The other two are an all-
radar type of new variation of a similar design.
These directors and their switching circuits are
arranged to function as auxiliary directors for the
main battery.
The directors for the 3-inch battery are fast-tracki
lead computing, gun sight combinations of radar-
ranging and open sight arrangement.
viii
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-INCH 3-GUN TURRETS MAIN ARMAMENT FOR USS SALEM CLASS
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CRUISER 8-INCH TURRET - PART 1
Chapter I
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE TURRET
ach turret consists of the following
ructural units and equipment
stallations:
ructural assembly Rotating structure
Turret roller bearing Turret circular
undation Ordnance installations Guns
Gun laying equipment Ammunition
ists Ammunition stowing equipment
Ammunition handling equipment Fire
ntrol equipment Auxiliary installations
Power supply Heating system
Ventilating system Fire protectionrinkling system Turret illumination
Communications Compressed air
pply systems
TRUCTURAL ASSEMBLY
he three large units comprising the
ructural assembly are the fixed and
ovable parts designated in the profileagram of figure 1. They are a circular
undation, a rotating structure, and a
ller bearing between the two.
he circular foundation consists of parts
uilt into the ship to support and protect
e rotating structure. These parts are the
undation bulkhead, barbette, and other
xed elements described on pages 10-13.
he roller bearing is the turret roller
aring assembly described on pages 8-
0.
he rotating structure is the part that is
ated on the bearing and that mounts and
closes all the ordnance mechanisms and
Rotating structure
The rotating structure is a steel weldment nearly 45 feet
high, weighing 270 tons, consisting principally of thestructural plates identified in figure 2. It is a five-story
structure erected in the form of a rectangular gun house
above a cylindrical assembly of four flats.
The plates identifying the five levels are: the shelf plate a
the bottom of the gun house, the pan plate at the bottom o
the gun pits, two levels called the upper and lower projec
flats, and, at the lowest level, the powder handling platfo
These plates are joined together by a cylindrical bulkheaand gun girders between the shelf and pan plates, a id
another cylindrical
Figure 1. Turret Structure Fixed and Rotating Elemen
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CRUISER 8-INCH TURRET - PART 1
xiliary installations. This rotating
ructure is the armored gun house, the
ructure beneath the gun house, and the
tached hatches, doors, ladders, trusses,
d special devices described in the
ragraphs which follow.
1
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Figure 2. Turret Subdivisions and Principal Structural Units
2
ulkhead and a central column extending from the
n to the powder platform. The column, both
ulkheads, and the outer edges of all floor plates
low the shelf plate are concentric with the turretnter of train rotation. This arrangement-and the
elded construction of all plates, girders and
ulkheads-ties the entire rotating structure
gether in one rigid unit. It divides the turret into
principal functional spaces of gun
mpartment and ammunition handling
mpartments. Those spaces are within the
llowing over-all measurements:
Dimensions, Rotating Structure
ertical distances:-
Powder platform to lower projectile
at
10 ft.
Lower projectile flat to upper
rojectile flat
7 ft. 6 in.
Upper projectile flat to pan plate 9 ft. 7 in.
Pan plate to shelf plate 8 ft. 7 in.
Shelf plate to turret roof plate 9 ft.
un house length 32 ft. 10 in.
un house width 30 ft. 8 in.
iameter at pan plate 24 ft. 3 in.
pper projectile flat diameter 22 ft. 10 in.
ower projectile flat diameter 22 ft. 10 in.owder handling platform diameter 14 ft. 4 in.
entral column diameter 22 in.
ower circular bulkhead diameter 14 ft. 4 in.
un house structural plan
he space enclosed between the gun house roof
Wing girders isolate two small spaces between th
outboard sides and the circular bulkhead. These a
called the pan plate wing chambers, left and righ
each a series of vertical plates, transversely placeand welded between the bulkhead and the girder
stiffen the girder and the pan plate. These details
the arrangement of access openings in each plate
girder and within the wing compartments are sho
in figure 3.
Truss girder details are also illustrated in figure 3
Each is a weldment of two parallel plates with w
bracing and stiffening plates. They are transversestiffened with box structures at the front, extendi
from wing girder to wing girder. In the interior o
spaces of both truss girders, electric cabinets,
hydraulic system tanks, and other equipment are
mounted. These installations fill the trusses-exce
for personnel passages between pockets, at the re
All four girders extend above the shelf plate to th
level of an elevated floor of the gun house. Theforward portion of each has two structural
extensions that extend nearly to the
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CRUISER 8-INCH TURRET - PART 1
d the pan plate is not subdivided by flame
rriers. This 17-foot high gun and gun pit
mpartment is formed and partially subdivided
y the following design arrangements.
un pit details. Extending vertically above the
n plate (and supported by it) are five major
mponents of the turret. These are the enclosingrcular bulkhead and four gun girders. The latter
e longitudinally parallel, vertical units dividing
e gun pit into three pockets.
ll gun pockets are approximately the same size:
ch is ten feet deep and seven feet wide, and the
erage length within the curving end walls is 22
et. The gun girders that form their parallel sides
e different design types; the outer, or wing,rders are plate structures; the center units are
uss girders.
Figure 3. Gun Girder Construction
3
rret roof plate. These extensions are shown in
gure 3. One is a seat for a deck lug bearing; the
her is a support for a curved guide rail that is an
ement of the ammunition hoists described on
ges 37-41.
un house details. The shelf plate is welded to
e above-described gun pit structure, resting on
e circular bulkhead and abutting the two wing
rders. It extends outboard beyond the circular
ulkhead, overhanging slightly at the front and
des and nearly nine feet at the rear. It is cut
way in the area between the wing girders,
oviding a clear opening above all three gun pits.
arallel with the shelf plate and elevated 18
ches above it, are floor plates. These form a
ntinuous floor throughout the gun house,
cluding the top plates of the truss girders, except
r the gun pit area and two depressed control
ation areas, one at the right side and one
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CRUISER 8-INCH TURRET - PART 1
posite at the left side.
the space under the floor, floor beams and
ffening plates, together with the shelf plate,
rm a rigid box structure. This structure is
signed to receive and support the gun house
mor at its outer edges, and, in the space between
elf and floor plates, to accommodate units of thentilating system described on pages 52-55.
hree transverse arch-beams rise from the shelf
ructure and extend across the gun pits,
Figure 4. Gun Port Arrangement
Figure 5. Gun Port Gas and Water Seal Deta
six feet above the floor level. These large structucolumns and beams .are armor plate supports. W
the shelf structure and the armor plates, they
constitute ,the entire gun house structure.
Armor. The armor plates consist of nine pieces
shaped, fitted, and welded together to form an
integral structure. Their identities and thicknesse
are:
Face plate 8 inches
Front side plates, right and
left
3.75 inches
Rear side plates, right and left 2 inches
Rear plate 2 inches
Roof plates, front, center, rear 4 inches
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CRUISER 8-INCH TURRET - PART 1
Figure 2 shows the assembled form of the armor
plates and details of the attached foot
4
d hand rails, ladders, and platform. Face and
de plates slope inward; the rear plate is vertical.
ttached devices and the openings in the armorffer for the three turrets; the arrangements of the
ustration, for turret II, are the most extensive.
he armor openings of turrets II and III are the
me. Each has 13 openings. These are: three gun
rts, three sight hood openings, two periscope
d two antenna openings, and three access
orways. Turret I openings are the same, except
r omission of the antenna holes in the roof plate.ccess doors in all turrets are located in the rear
ate. These and all other
openings, with exception of the gun ports, are fit
with conventional gasket seals or fabric bucklers
They are arrangements that make the gun house weather and gas sealed enclosure.
Gun ports. Arrangements for sealing the three gu
ports are fixed and moving and inflated elements
special design. They are the arrangements illustr
in figure 4. These consist of a weldment of splint
plates on the rear side of the face plate, a mating
shield plate on the gun slide, an air hose sealing
device, and, on the exterior, a large fabric buckle
Figure 5 shows the details of the special gun por
and weather sealing device. This device
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CRUISER 8-INCH TURRET - PART 1
Gun Port Buckler
5
a leather strip that encircles the edge of the
linter plate weldment and bears on the surface
the moving gun port shield. A rubber hose,
stended by compressed air, is secured in
ecial fittings and clamps, so that it presses
ainst the leather strip to assure mechanical
al. Air supply for this seal is tapped from the
s ejector system described on pages 67-68.
gure 6 shows the details of the buckler. It
cludes a steel weldment called a buckler tube
tension, mounted on the gun slide. This unit
s a water seal between the extension and the
coiling surface of the gun. A laminated fabric
of the three lower levels of the turret. It is suspend
from the pan plate and the upper roller path.
Upper roller path. The upper roller path is a larg
forged steel ring, 24 feet in diameter, secured und
the pan plate and the circular bulkhead and concenwith the train axis and the cylindrical structure. It
the upper race of the turret roller bearing. The bot
face is a precisely milled horizontal surface 13 fee
below the gun trunnion axis. From this bearing
surface, the suspended structure hangs 27 feet to t
level of the powder flat.
Suspended structure details. The main units of t
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CRUISER 8-INCH TURRET - PART 1
uckler* is clamped to this tube extension and
so to a buckler attaching band bolted on the
ce plate.
un house subdivision. No bulkheads
bdivide the interior of the armored enclosure,
ut pipe stanchions and rails enclose the rear and
wo sides of the gun pits. On the rear line ofanchions and rails are mounted many control
struments and devices. These form a partial
ulkhead separating the gun compartment from
e turret overhang space called the turret
ficer's booth.
ccess passage between the booth and wing
aces and the gun pits is provided by the
llowing arrangements. Left and right sightntrol station areas are directly accessible from
e booth by narrow walkways at the sides of the
un pits. Similar narrow walkways along the
ps of the two truss girders are unobstructed by
ors and give access passage from the booth
to the gun compartment. Ladders at the rear of
e gun pits permit passage between the booth
d the pan. At the left side, a floor hatch and
dder give access to the left wing compartmentthe pan and thence to the forward part of the
ft gun pocket.
uspended structure
he portion of the rotating structure extending
low the pan plate is a suspended structure that
isolated from the gun house and gun pits
cept for conventional flame-tight hatches ine pan plate, one at the rear center and two
rward. This structure consists
Tentative material; actual specification of this
aterial or alternate leather buckler not provided
date of this publication.
suspended structure are the lower circular bulkhea
the central column, the upper and lower projectile
flats, and the powder handling platform.
The column and the bulkhead are continuous steel
cylinders fastened to the pan plate and extending
through and supporting all three floor structures. O
each level the bulkhead has cutaway sections. Theprovide access archways through the cylinder on t
two projectile flats and form an open sector for pa
the powder handling platform. A straight bulkhead
built-in with the ammunition hoists described on
pages 37-41, encloses the remaining portion at the
bottom level. This forms a semicircular compartm
that is partitioned into three small storerooms,
flameproofed from the surrounding powder handli
space and from each other. Although they areidentified as "storerooms," these three sub-
compartments are primarily fire-hazard safety spa
They are flame isolating chambers. Each confines
downward flame and explosion of a powder hoist
permitting limited expansion but blocking the fire
hazard from the other hoists, the powder handling
space, and the magazines. This purpose limits the
type and amount of storage permitted in the three
chambers to noninflammable tools and accessorie
small volume.
Both the upper and the lower projectile flats / are
identical in compartment subdivisions and space
arrangements. The circular bulkhead separates eac
flat into an inner circular compartment, and an out
ring-shaped space. The latter is 23 feet in diamete
and is enclosed by the foundation bulkhead of the
fixed structure.
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6
Figure 7. Projectile Ring Arrangement
the floor of both compartments are roller-
ounted circular platforms. These are at the outer
mits of each space and concentric with the
ntral column and the circular bulkhead. They
e rotating platforms that are power-driven by the
uipment described on pp. 49-50. The top
rface of each is flush with the adjacent floor
ates of the flat. These units are projectile
owage platforms called projectile rings. Each is
integral platform weldment with an enclosingrcular coaming, arranged with chain lashings
d other details as illustrated in figure 7. The
atforms are 16.75 inches wide and their outer
ameters are 14 feet 1.5 inches and 22 feet 11
ches for the inner and outer rings respectively.
heir projectile capacities and other data are
cluded with the descriptions of the ordnance
stallations on pages 19-21.
A cross web of heavy I-beams, passing through t
circular bulkhead, supports the floor plates and t
two stowage rings of each projectile flat. It is an
exceptionally heavy floor-beam construction, cro
braced by other beams, stiffened by the platform
plates, and designed to carry the large floor load
and particularly the cantilever outer ring loads
without apparent deflection.
The structural details of the upper flat include a
major difference. In the inner compartment a hea
transverse platform, in the forward sector, extend
across the compartment above the projectile ring
This is a supporting platform for mounting some
the units of the train power drive.
Access facilities between the projectile and powd
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flats are vertical ladders located under hatches at
rear of the turret. These hatches
7
the projectile flats are vertically under the rear
ame-tight hatch of the pan plate. Together they
ovide a clear hoist strike, for removing andstalling equipment, between the gun house and
e powder handling compartment.
kirt plate. A cylindrical plate hangs from the
ttom of the pan plate into the projectile stowage
ace of the outer compartment of the upper
ojectile flat. This is called the cylindrical
skirt plate. It is a functional element of the turret
turning installation and not a structural member.
it are mounted the units that hold the rotatingstructure down and that buff the turning moveme
at train limits. These parts are the holding-down
clips and the hydraulic training buffer identified
figure 8.
Turret roller bearing
The rotating structure turns on the roller
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Figure 8. Turret Roller Carriage Arrangement
8
Figure 9. Cage Sector and Roller Spacing Details
aring assembly shown in figure 8. This unit is a
nventional turret bearing design. It is supported
n a lower roller track unit of the fixed structure
scribed on the next page.
earing components. The bearing consists of 96
llers assembled in 12 cage sectors that are
tached together by butt straps to form a 360
aring ring. Its outside diameter is slightly more
an 24 feet.
ollers. All rollers are identical. Each is a tapered
roller tracks of the upper and lower races or rolle
paths. Each roller is drilled, bushed, and fitted w
spindle bolt. This bolt locates and retains the roll
in a precisely allotted position in the cage sector
Cage sectors. The twelve cage sectors are alike
to construction, but differ as to the assembled
positions of the eight rollers retained by each. Th
difference applies to variations in the spaces
between the axes of the 24 rollers of a quadrant;
four quadrants are alike. Thus in each quadrant o
three 30 sectors, the spaces between rollers vary
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ller of forged steel with integral flanges, 10.5
ches across flanges, 6.75 inches maximum
ameter (at the inner flange) , providing linear
ntact of eight inches on the
increasing increments that are constant for each
sector but differ
9
Figure 10. Lower Roller Path, Training Bufferand Train Stop Arrangement
value for the three sectors. The spacing data of
ypical quadrant are indicated in figure 9. In
ctor No. 1, the distances between rollers
crease clockwise by increments equal to four
inutes of arc, in sector No. 2 by six minutes of
c, and in sector No. 3 by eight minutes of arc.
he design arrangement is for the purpose ofeventing "brinelling," or roller path
formation, from developing at the points of
near contact-a condition that would develop
nder firing and sea-way load stresses if all spaces
ere equal.
oller access. The arrangements of the cage
ctors and the turret structure provide for
may be jacked until the roller flange can clear thtracks, sliding the roller from the spindle bolt
without disturbing the outer cage ring or spindle
Fixed structure
The fixed, or nonrotating, turret structure consist
the circular foundation, lower roller path, powde
handling flat, base casting, and barbette. Their fo
and relative positions are indicated in figure 1.
Turret circular foundations. Turret circular
foundations differ for the three turrets. Each is a
large cylindrical steel weldment, 23 feet 8 inches
diameter, supported and secured at the ship's sec
platform. For turret I this cylinder extends upwar
25 feet 2 inches above the second platform; for
turret II, 33 feet 3 inches; and for turret III, 24 fe
inches.
Each circular foundation is a stand for the lower
roller track unit. See page 11. In addition, it is an
enclosing bulkhead for the projectile and powder
handling compartments and provides attached
elements that function with the arrangements of
those compartments and the turret turning
mechanism. These elements are training stops, fl
seals, and powder scuttles.
Two training stops are located near the top of the
foundation in the way of the training buffer, as
shown in figures 8 and 10.
Two flame seals isolate the ammunition flats. Th
are angle brackets formed into complete rings. E
is mounted on the bulkhead so that it mates with
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spection, lubrication, and replacement of rollers
ithout dismantling the turret. Holes in the
lindrical skirt plate permit access to any and all
llers from the upper projectile flat by turning the
rret. To remove a roller, the inner ring of any
ge sector can be unbolted and lowered into the
ojectile flat. By similarly removing the holding-
wn clips, the turret
complementary ring at the bottom of a projectile
flat. This combination provides a mechanical bar
between the compartments, but permits free turn
of the turret.
Six powder passing scuttles and two access door
are located in the bottom section of the bulkhead
These are communications arrangements betweethe powder handling room and the magazines.
Scuttles are vertically positioned cylinders, each
with two powder cartridge chambers. They are
manually rotated units that transfer powder cases
(without tanks) from the magazines to the handli
room and maintain mechanical seal between the
turret and magazine compartments.
10
owder handling flat. At the bottom of the
rcular foundation, a ring-shaped floor structure
rms the powder handling flat. The floor plates of
is flat are flush with the powder handling
atform of the rotating structure. They provide a
wder case truck maneuvering area nearly five
et wide in front of the six magazine scuttles,
hich are equally spaced in the foundation. Thus,
all positions of turret train, three scuttles are
nveniently accessible to the open sector of the
volving platform (and the hoists), and rapid
ssing is possible without traffic interference.
ower roller track. The lower roller track an
sembled ring-shaped weldment of box-section.
form and construction, and its riveted
tachment at the top of the foundation, are
ustrated in figure 10. Two surfaces are preciselyilled after the ship is launched. The top or roller
ack is a bearing surface of the same form, finish,
d size as the similar surface of the upper roller
ack (24 feet in diameter). The inner vertical face
a true cylindrical surface, concentric with the
ller paths and the axis of the rotating structure.
is keyed and tapped for accurately seating the
ctions of a large annular rack called the training
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rcle. This rack is a 360 gear of 196 teeth and
6-inch pitch diameter. It is the fixed gear of the
rret turning drive described on page 29.
ase casting. The lowest element of the fixed
ructure is the base casting. This part is a large
anged and hollow pintle, of 22.5-inch diameter,
feet high, that is secured below the secondatform and is accurately centered beneath the
rret center of rotation. It is a dual purpose
ement, functioning to align the rotating structure
d to lead-in the communications, power, and air
pply. It extends into and provides a radial
aring for the lower end of the central column. A
rcular plate, horizontally positioned at the
ttom and drilled in a pattern of equally spaced
les, separates the cables and prevents them fromafing. These features are shown in figure 11.
arbette. The barbette is an assembled cylinder
heavy armor plate consisting of seven
lindrical segments. These are joined by dovetail
ys and, at the abutting decks, by deck
Figure 11. Base Casting and Central Column
Wiring Tube Arrangements
11
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Figure 12. Turret General Arrangement, Longitudinal Section
12
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am straps, the whole forming a built-in unit that
closes all of the turret that is not protected by
e belt, deck, and gun house armor. Its outside
ameter is 27 feet. It extends vertically upward
om the third deck, through the second and
eather decks and above the latter to a plane one
ch below the shelf plate. Thus the three
rbettes of the ship have different heightscause of the different heights of the foundation
ulkheads and the positions of the roller tracks
ith respect to the weather deck. For turret I this
rbette dimension is 19 feet; for turret II 27 feet
inches; and for turret III 20 feet.
arbettes differ also in thicknesses of plates. The
andard thickness is 6.3 inches for the entire
rimeter of turret III and for six plates each ofrrets I and II. One plate each of the barbettes of
rrets I and II is 5.5 inches thick. These are the
posing 45 segments of those barbettes.
ll barbettes are supported at their lower edges by
rge, heavy steel plate, flanged brackets that are
tached to the outside of the respective turret
rcular foundation. These brackets are entirely
low the armored, third deck and are in thespective powder magazine compartments. This
nstruction of supporting brackets is otherwise
ffened and braced by weldment of the abutting
ck seam straps and other details at the juncture
the barbettes with the three decks.
he space within the barbette brackets, between
e circular foundation, the brackets, and the
rbette, is isolated from the magazines. But it hasrtable plate access to ladders on the outside of
e foundation. These provide access to the
terior cage sectors of the turret roller bearing.
RDNANCE INSTALLATIONS
he ordnance installations mounted in the turret
tating structure described in the preceding text
Gun equipment
Gun laying equipment
Ammunition hoists
Ammunition stowing equipment
Ammunition handling equipment
Fire control equipment
Turret ordnance assembly differences. Theseveral types of equipment are identical turret
assemblies in all turrets, with exception of the fir
control equipment of turret I. In that turret, the ra
assemblies and certain instruments associated wi
turret local control are omitted.
Turret ordnance design identities. The equipm
of the above types comprising each turret assemb
includes one or more units of the following 8-incOrdnance design identities, with exception of the
omissions mentioned in the preceding paragraph
GUN UNITS, 8-INCH
Gun Mk 16 Mod 0
Housing Mk 1 Mods 0 and 1
Gas Ejector Mk 16 Mod 0
Slide Mk 20 Mods 0 and 1
Rammer Mk 18 Mods 0 and 1Case Ejector Mk 1 Mods 0 and 1
Slide power equipment
Deck Lug Mk 18 Mods 0 and 1
GUN LAYING EQUIPMENT, 8-INCH
Elevating Gear Mk 23 Mods 0, 1, and 2
Training Gear Mk 22 Mod 0
AMMUNITION HOISTS, 8-INCHProjectile Hoist Mk 31 Mods 0, 1, and 2
Powder Hoist Mk 36 Mods 0 and 1
AMMUNITION STOWING EQUIPMENT, 8-
INCH
Projectile Ring Mk 1 Mod 0
AMMUNITION HANDLING EQUIPMENT, 8-
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nsist of the units identified and arranged as
own in the vertical sections of the turret, figures
2 and 13, and the turret floor plans of figures 14
21 inclusive. These installations comprise the
llowing types of equipment.
rdnance types. Each turret ordnance assembly
nsists of units of the following types:
INCH
Parbuckling Gear Mk 1 Mod 0
FIRE CONTROL EQUIPMENT
8-inch Sight Mk 32 Mod 0
8-inch Elevation Gun Attachment Mk 7 Mods 0
and 2
8-inch Training Gun Attachment Mk 7Mod 0 Fuze Setter Mk 20 Mod 0
8-inch Firing Circuit Mk 8 Mod 0
Train Receiver-Regulator Mk 25 Mods 0, 1, an
13
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Figure 13. Turret General Arrangement Transverse Section
14
Figure 14. Gun House Ordnance Equipment. Plan View
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RE CONTROL EQUIPMENT (CONTINUED)
Gun Elevation Indicator-Regulator Mk 47 Mod 0
Error Reducer Mk 1 Mod 0
Fuze Setting Receiver-Regulator Mk 1 Mod 1
Radar Equipment Mk 27 Mod 0
Antenna Train Drive Mk 5 Mod 0
15
Figure 15. Ordnance Equipment Above Pan Plate. General Arrangement. Plan View
RE CONTROL EQUIPMENT (CONCLUDED)
Computer Mk 3 Mod 9
Multiple Turret Train Indicator Mk 12 Mods 7
d 9
Gun Elevation Indicator Mk 45 Mod 0
Gun Train Indicator Mk 25 Mod 7Gun Elevation Order Transmitter Mk 4
Mod 0 Sight Setter's Indicator Mk 8 Mod 0
Turret Train Order Transmitter Mk 14
Mod 1 Periscope Mk 20 Mod 5
Periscope Mount Mk 5 Mod 15 Telescope Mk 53
od 1
Telescope Mk 98 Mod 0
Telescope Mk 99 Mod 0
the tabulations of 8-inch Turret Assemblies
appended at the back of this book. These listings
include references identifying the Fire Control
Equipment Sketch Lists of Assemblies and the
Turret Ordnance Equipment Sketch Lists of
Assemblies for every turret installation of CA 13class.
Turret ordnance location arrangements. All
ordnance items listed on pp. 13-16 are mounted i
the rotating structure as indicated in the ensuing
description of the five floor levels.
Gun house ordnance arrangement. Figure 14
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urret ordnance assembly references. The
act number and identity of each of these
mponents of the turret assemblies are listed in
shows the location arrangements of all ordnance
equipment in the gun house, with exception of th
sight and gun attachment shaft transmission
systems. These are located at the front above the
guns, transversely spanning the compartment, an
under the floor at the
16
des and rear of the gun pits. In addition to the
dnance installations, the picture also shows the
sitions and relative sizes of some large elements
the ventilating and sprinkling auxiliary
stallations described on pp. 52-60.
the gun house are located all units of all three
uns, except the forward portions of the barrelsd the power plants of their slide power
uipments The latter are located two levels
low.
Other principal units in this space are componen
the fire control equipment. They are grouped in
three locations; trainer and sight setter controls a
the right side, pointer and checker controls at the
side, and controls for the turret officer, the turret
captain, the three gun captains, the radar control
operators, and the computer operators in the boo
over the overhang at the rear of the compartment
Many elements of these controls are mounted
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Figure 16. Ordnance Equipment on Pan Plate. General Arrangement. Plan View
17
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Figure 17. Ordnance Equipment Above Upper Projectile Flat. General Arrangement. Plan
Viewn panels under the rear transverse roof girder and
e not shown in the figure. They are identified in
e descriptions of the fire control arrangements
n pages 43-45.
un pits ordnance arrangement. Figures 15 and
show the location arrangements of all ordnance
uipment in the gun pits; units immediately
nder the guns are designated in figure 15, whileose on the pan plate or on platform structures
e located just above the pan in figure 16.
the gun pits are located all components of three
evating gear drives and their indicator-regulator
ntrols, parts of the training gear drive, the upper
ds of six ammunition hoists,
three fuze setters and fuze setting regulators, ele
controller cabinets, and many tank and other
devices. of the elevating and training gears. Man
these units are mounted within the void spaces o
the two truss girders.
Two important access hatches are indicated in fig
16. These are control station hatches giving acce
to the emergency gun laying stations for the righand center guns. They are reached by ladders fro
the upper projectile flat. The similar station for t
left gun is manned from the gun house via a hatc
indicated in figure 14 and thence through the left
wing girder compartment and the archway
designated on figure 16.
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18
pper projectile flat ordnance arrangement.
gures 17 and 18 show the location arrangements
all ordnance equipment and of stowed
mmunition units in the upper projectile flat
mpartments. Figure 17 designates the units thate above the floor and overhead; figure 18 those
n the floor.
the inner compartment of this space are four
mmunition hoists, three principal units of the
aining gear drive, eight electric power cabinets, a
rge hydraulic oil reservoir, and a motor, pump,
d tank of a training gear lubricating system, all
shown in figure 17; also
two projectile ring drives, a parbuckling gear mo
gypsy head, and steady arm mechanism, 74 servi
projectiles, and three drill projectiles, as identifie
figure 18.
In the outer compartment are two ammunition
hoists, a whip hoist, two large hydraulic reservoi
training gear control motor, receiver-regulator an
main driving pinion, as indicated in figure 17, an
nine power plants for hoists and slide equipment
two parbuckling gypsy heads, two steady arm
mechanisms, and 151 service projectiles and fou
drill projectiles, all as shown in figure 18.
Figure 18. Ordnance Equipment on Upper Projectile Flat General Arrangement. Plan
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View
19
Figure 19. Ordnance Equipment Above Lower Projectile Flat General Arrangement. Plan
View
his congested flat has clear areas for handling
ojectiles in the immediate vicinity of the three
ojectile hoists only.
ower projectile flat ordnance arrangement.
he arrangements of the lower projectile flat aremilar to those of the upper flat with respect to
e ammunition hoists, parbuckling gear, and
ojectile ring installations. Projectile stowage is
e same, with the exception of one additional
ill projectile. These arrangements and the
llowing differing details are indicated in figures
and 20.
power drive controllers except the elevating and
training gear drive controllers, which are in the g
pits (fig. 16).
In the outer compartment, three large relay tanks
the gas ejector air supply system are mounted in forward quadrant. This compartment has space f
stowing 40 additional projectiles in the forward
sectors, but the initial turret designs do not inclu
stowing brackets and lashings.
Powder handling flat ordnance arrangement.
Figure 21 shows the arrangements at the bottom
the turret. These include three powder hoists and
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the inner compartment, 15 electric controller
binets are mounted on the circular bulkhead
ver the projectile stowage, as shown in figure 19.
hese comprise all of the ordnance
their loading scuttles, and six magazine scuttles.
20
his picture also indicates three compartmentbdivisions in the rotating structure.* These are
iscellaneous store rooms for powder drill cases,
rret tools and accessories, and an oil clarifying
ant. The latter is a Skinner pump, filter, tanks,
d pipe system for flush-cleaning the hydraulic
ive units and purifying the hydraulic fluid.
rdnance designs
he installation arrangements described on pages
2 to 26 include design features, details
For an explanation of this compartment and
ructural arrangement, see page 6.
of construction, and functional relations ofequipment controls that adapt the assemblies for
continuous automatic fire. These are mechanical
electrical, and hydraulic operating and controllin
devices which enable the guns to be separately
served and loaded but provide for different meth
of selective control of all guns and the turret, so
the turret is controlled as a unit. They constitute
turret operating and coordinating systems. The
features of each type of assembly that provide th
characteristics are briefly indicated in the
descriptions beginning on page 22.
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Figure 21. Powder Handling Flat. General Arrangement Plan View
22
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Figure 23. Gun and Slide General Arrangement Right Side
Figure 24. Gun and Slide General Arrangement Left Side
24
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Figure 25. Gun and Housing Arrangementown in figure 25, and returns the gun to battery
y means of a conventional hydropneumatic
unterrecoil cylinder unit. Its loading-tray design
cludes two large tubular transfer trays, hinged
d operated by hydraulic cylinders arranged as
own in figures 23 and 24.
hese trays fold inboard into ramming position in
ignment with the bore and a power-operatedlding chain rammer. The power unit is a
ydraulic motor, mounted at the rear and coupled
a large chain sprocket.
he powder transfer tray of this loading tray
rangement has an attached tray that is mounted
n curving rails. This tray is called an
empty-case tray. In firing position it is aligned w
the bore and receives extracted empty powder ca
When the transfer trays move to loading position
ramming the next round, the empty-case tray dum
the empty case into a compartment at the rear an
bottom of the slide. In the floor of this compartm
is an endless chain conveyor, driven by a hydrau
motor, arranged as indicated in figure 22. This
conveyor thrusts the empty case into a tube that
extends through the gun port shield and the front
the turret.
The slide is pivoted by means of trunnions in rol
bearings supported in deck lugs that are
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25
Figure 26. Gas Ejector System. General Arrangement
tached to gun girder extensions illustrated in figure
In this position, the entire assembly of gun and
de is balanced, and the elevating arc indicated in
e pictures is meshed with a spur pinion of a speed
ducer of the elevating gear mechanism.
he trunnion arrangements of the slide include
urnals for mounting two cradle units. These are
ements of the ammunition hoists described on
ges 37-41.
ide power equipment. The breech mechanism,
e transfer trays, and the rammer and case ejector
ydraulic operating units receive hydraulic powerr performing their actions from a hydropneumatic
cumulator. This unit consists of the large vertical
linder and two air flasks mounted at the side of
e slide as shown in figure 23. It is connected by an
tensive system of hydraulic pipes to all operating
nits and to a pump that is mounted with its electric
otor on the upper projectile flat, as shown in figure
. A feature of this power operating arrangement is
Slide equipment control system. Hydraulic pow
operations of the gun units are controlled by an
electric installation of switches and solenoids.
These are limit and interlock switches and valv
operating solenoids on the breech, rammer, traand case ejector mechanisms, and control
switches of a gun captain's control panel. The
latter is mounted at the rear of the gun in the tu
officer's booth. Its interconnecting system of w
circuits to the slide switches and solenoids, an
the identities and functions of the latter, are
indicated in figure 27. This system enables all
loading and firing actions to be performed with
attendants in the gun compartment and withoustopping gun laying. It is part of the system wh
controls the hoists as well as the slide, breech,
rammer. This system is called the gun loading
control system.
Gun laying equipment
Figures 28 to 34 inclusive show assembled
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ntinuous delivery of power, throughout the
riods of all gun loading and gun firing actions.
arrangements of the turret turning mechanism
typical gun elevating drives and their controls
These units consist of the training gear
26
Figure 27. Gun Control System. General Arrangement
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27
Figure 28. Training Gear. General Arrangement
28
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29
Figure 30. Train Receiver-Regulator and Auxiliary Power Unit Turret
Arrangement
he latter amplifies the signal and ports an
uivalent amount of servo fluid to the stroking
linder to cause the A-end to deliver an
uivalent amount of drive fluid to the B-end
otors. This action can be controlled by receiving
electrical signal from a remote director or by
ceiving a mechanical signal from the trainer's
ndwheels. These methods are called AUTO and
OCAL control respectively.
he third method of control is called HAND. It
es not use the servo control units. It controls the
-end pump output by mechanically stroking the
ump tilting device through direct connection
ith the trainer's handwheels.
rainer's control equipment. The control
vices at the trainer's station that enable him to
panel, the control selector, the handwheels, the tr
indicator, and the sight. The manner in which the
are employed in the different methods of control
explained in Chapter 2; their arrangements are as
follows:
The control and indicator panel is an electrical
cabinet containing the power drive master switch
and six indicator lights. By means of the master
switch the main and auxiliary electric motors are
started and stopped. Indicator lights show the
conditions of power supply circuits for the regula
instrument as well as the power drive and includ
"ready," "neutral," and "stop" indicators.
The control selector is a manually operated lever
that has three positions, designated, HAND,
LOCAL, and AUTO, respectively. It actuates a
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art and stop the drive, to select the method of
ntrol, and to control turret turning in LOCAL
d HAND control are identified in figure 31.
hey are the control and indicator
flexible cable that is connected to a device at the
regulator which positions a selector valve of that
instrument.
30
Figure 31. Trainer's and Sight Setter's Station General Arrangement
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31
Figure 32. Elevating Gear General Arrangement
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Figure 34. Pointer's and Checker's Stations General Arrangement
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he handwheels are part of a conventional hand
ntrol gear that extends to mechanical inputs at
e A-end assembly and the regulator. These are
utched and unclutched hydraulically for the
spective control selections by shifting of the
lector valve and other control valve units.
he train indicator is a gun order follow-theinter dial indicating instrument providing turret
ain direction in LOCAL or HAND control. In
dition to its conventional arrangements for
sually directing trainer handwheel operations, it
cludes an electrical transmitter that is part of an
ternative method of automatic drive control.
his method is the radar system local train control
rangement described on page 49.
he trainer's sight equipment is part of the sight
sembly described on page 45.
evating gear. Each of the three guns is
dependently driven in elevation and depression.
he three mechanisms do not have mechanical
oss-coupling, but their controls are arranged so
at they are synchronized to operate together.
lternatively they can be controlled separately.
ach elevating gear is a worm, wormwheel, and
nion reduction gear meshed with the elevating
c of the slide and driven by an electric-hydraulic
ive. The installed arrangements in the left and
ght gun pits, as shown in figures 32 and 33
spectively, are typical of all three assemblies.
ach drive consists of a 25-horsepower electricotor direct coupled to a Waterbury A-end pump
sembly. The valve plate of the latter is
nnected hydraulically to a Waterbury B-end
ydraulic motor by two drive pipes, and the B-end
utput shaft is coupled to the worm of the driven
duction gear assembly.
evating gear control. Hydraulic fluid delivery
operating the slide to an unloading position, calle
UNLOAD control. Their hand control facilities a
different, as explained below.
Elevating gear AUTO and LOCAL methods of
operation are similar control actions. In both
methods, electrical signals simultaneously contro
three drives. Their only difference is the origin osignals. In AUTO, the signals are received from
remote director, whereas in LOCAL the signals a
transmitted from a device that is operated by the
pointer's hand-wheels.
UNLOAD control arrangements separately contr
each drive through switching units of each gun
captain's controls.
Elevating gear HAND controls are not pointer
controls. They are emergency hand-wheel
arrangements that are separate for each drive; the
are located in the forward gun pits and operate
similarly to the training gear hand method.
At the same gun pit stations are facilities enablin
each drive to be controlled with servo power by
using a small hand crank of the regulator instrumThis method functions the same as the training g
LOCAL control method, but is designated
REGULATOR CHECKING control.
Pointer's control equipment. Figure 34 shows t
controls at the pointer's station. These devices are
similar to the trainer's controls, but their system
arrangements differ as indicated in the paragraph
following. The manner in which they are employin the different methods of control is explained in
Chapter 2.
The pointer does not have a mechanical control
selector device; instead, the control panel include
three switches that separately control the signal
receiving circuit of each regulator. Each of these
switches has three position selections, designated
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each B-end motor is controlled by separately
rying the displacement of each A-end pump.
ach drive has a servo control regulator
strument and an auxiliary hydraulic power
pply unit for a stroking cylinder device on the
-end pump. These arrangements are similar to
ose of the training gear, and they provide
milar servo control selections for AUTO andOCAL control operation. In addition, however,
ey include provision for automatically
HAND, LOCAL, and AUTO, respectively.
Other elements of the pointer's control panel are
three vertical columns of indicator lights that sho
the conditions of readiness of the power and
regulator electric supply circuits. Three switches
separately control the illumination supplies for th
indicators. Another series of three switches are threspective master switches for starting and stopp
the main and auxiliary electric motors.
35
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Figure 35. Projectile Hoist General Arrangement
36
Figure 36. Projectile Hoist Cutaway
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he pointer's handwheels are a manual drive for
ectric transmitter units of an instrument, called
e Gun Elevation Order Transmitter, mounted
nder the handwheels. This is the LOCAL
ntrol unit for signal transmission to all three
un elevation indicator-regulators.
he gun elevation indicator is a gun order follow-e-pointer dial indicating instrument for gun
ying direction in LOCAL control.
ointer's sight equipment is part of the sight
sembly described on page 45.
Ammunition hoist equipment
The transfer trays of each slide are separately serv
automatically, with projectiles and powder cases b
two ammunition hoists. These units make their
deliveries without stopping the gun laying
movements to bring the gun to a loading position
required in all previous main battery installationsThe designs of the two hoists are similar, as show
figures 35 to 38 inclusive. Each hoist consists of a
endless chain conveyor, a cradle, and an electric
37
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Figure 37. Powder Hoist General Arrangement
38
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Figure 38. Powder Hoist Cutaway
39
Figure 39. Projectile Ring. General Arrangement, Upper and Lower Projectile
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Flats
40
ydraulic power drive. Their operating
rangements and differing details are indicated
the following brief description of each.
rojectile hoists. Each projectile hoist conveyor
a tubular unit that extends from the lower
ojectile flat into the gun pit at the side of its
un. It has a power-driven sprocket at the upper
d and an idler sprocket at the bottom. Its
dless chain has 16 flights or chain lugs for
pporting projectiles. At each projectile flat,
ere is a loading aperture with shutter and
ntrol devices.
hese loading aperture arrangements and control
lecting devices enable the hoist to be
multaneously loaded on alternate ascending
ghts at both stowage flats, or to be loaded on
ery ascending flight at either flat. In either
ethod of loading, the hoist automatically lifts
load one stage or flight distance when loading
completed, and the empty cradle is latched ate top of the hoist.
he cradle is a tubular unit suspended from a
urnal on the slide trunnion and arranged to
wing between the top of the hoist and the side
the slide. In this oscillating movement its
wer end is guided by an arc-shaped rail
ounted on the gun girder. When it moves to
e slide, it latches there and moves with the gunying action. In this position it is aligned with
e transfer tray when the tray is in its firing
sition. When it moves to the hoist, it latches
that it is held in alignment with the hoist.
he cradle has a pawl at the bottom and a large
ring-ram device within. When the conveyor
ts a projectile upward, the ram is compressed
The controls include a manually operated selector
This is a remote switch and flexible cable unit loca
in the gun compartment. It is a three-position func
selector through which the controls are set to hoistlower projectiles or to stop cycling action (but not
stop the power drive electric motor). The lowering
control of this device has two purposes: It enables
automatic cycling action to be reversed in emergen
when a misfire or casualty occurs or "cease fire" is
ordered and it is necessary to unload the gun. And
enables the hoist to be employed when stowing
ammunition on the handling flats.
Hoist power drive. Each hoist is separately driven
a power drive. This consists of an electric motor a
A-end pump unit mounted on the upper projectile
and a hydraulic pipe system connecting with a B-e
hydraulic motor that is coupled to a worm reducer
that drives the upper sprocket. The cradle is operat
by a double-acting hydraulic cylinder.
Powder hoist. The powder hoist is like the projecthoist, except that its cradle is larger, its conveyor i
longer, it has only one loading level, and its loadin
aperture is fitted with an automatic scuttle.
The scuttle is a revolving flameproof cylinder dev
with two compartments. It is independently driven
an electric motor which operates an oscillating cra
mechanism. This mechanism rotates the cylinder 1
when the inner compartment is empty and the outecompartment has been served with a powder case.
Projectile stowing and handling equipment
The two groups of equipment for stowing and
handling projectiles are six power-driven assembli
installed in the projectile flats. These units are fou
projectile ring drives and two parbuckling
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d the pawl moves beneath the bottom of the
ojectile, thereby latching the projectile in the
adle. In this position the fuze of High-Capacity
ojectiles is automatically set by a remotely
ntrolled fuze setter located in the top of the
adle.
oist controls. The devices which control thecling actions of the hoist and the cradle, and
hich operate the latches and pawl, are
ydraulic valves and an installation of switches
d solenoids. It is a system comparable to the
de equipment control system, and certain of
switches are included in the interlock
rangements and controls of the gun captain's
ntrol panel.
mechanisms. Their arrangements are shown in figu
39 and 40 respectively.
Projectile ring drives. Each inner and outer proje
ring of each projectile flat has an attached annular
rack. This rack is driven by a spur pinion through
worm gear speed reducer and an electric hydraulic
power drive. The ring, the power drive, and thecontrols permit the ring to be driven clockwise or
counterclockwise.
41
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Figure 40. Parbuckling Gear Arrangement Upper and Lower Projectile Flatsll four power drives are alike, except for their
ntrols. Each drive consists of a 20-horsepower
ectric motor, an A-end pump and control
sembly, a B-end hydraulic motor and brake
echanism, and a manual control mechanism.
he A-end unit is a variable displacement pump
ith an automatic cycling control. This control
vice is a manually initiated type that operatese ring for a short arc of movement and then
tomatically decelerates, stops, and locks the
avy load. Inner and outer ring arcs of movement
ntrolled by this device differ,
but each controls its ring so that the arc of
movement presents six projectiles within reach o
the parbuckling steady arm mechanism.
The manual control mechanisms are hand-wheel
with a system of gear boxes and shafts coupled t
the A-end control input. Inner and outer ring des
differ, as shown in figure 39, because of the
positions of the handwheels.
Parbuckling gear assemblies. The two parbuck
gear installations are identical. Each consists of a
vertically positioned 7.5-horsepower motor whic
drives a system of gear boxes and shafts that
operates three gypsy heads. These
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42
e adjacent to the loading apertures of the three
ojectile hoists. They run at constant speed.
pivoted mechanism called a steady arm is also
ounted adjacent to each hoist. This device is arbuckling auxiliary that is manually controlled
d power-operated by the gypsy
head snubbing rope. It operates to grab projectile
one-at-a-time from the projectile ring, and to gui
and thrust them into the hoist.
Fire control equipment
The sights and gun attachments, and the control
instruments listed on page 13 comprise the
Figure 41. Sights and Gun Attachments. General Arrangement
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43
Figure 42. Trainer's and Sight Setter's Station. General Arrangement. Right Side
44
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tomatic control.
hese correcting functions also occur when the
rret is controlled locally by target sighting. In
at method of control, all actions are controlled
y the pointer's and trainer's station equipment.
rainer's station. Figure 42 shows the sightrangements at the trainer's station. The telescope
this station has common deflection
PRIMARY CONTROL, so that the gun and turr
drives are remotely controlled by the main direct
or,
SECONDARY CONTROL, so that the gun and
turret drives are remotely controlled by directors
the secondary armament; or,
LOCAL CONTROL, so that the drives are
controlled by the target sighting actions describe
above; or,
45
Figure 43. Pointer's and Checker's Stations. General Arrangement Left Side View
46
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Figure 44. Turret Officer's Booth. Fire Control Arrangement Forward Bulkhead
Figure 45. Turret Officer's Booth. Fire Control Arrangement Rear Bulkhead
47
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e forward or after aloft director.
secondary control, the turret drives may be
ntrolled by similar automatic and indicating
ntrol variations that employ different
mbinations of the secondary directors and
otting rooms.
urret local control methods include "target-
ghting" control, radar control, periscope
ntrol, and combinations of these. All use
e local computer for solution of external
llistics, but turret I is excluded from radar
ntrol except via turret II.
adar control arrangements are among the
ature innovations of the turret. Thestallations are in duplicate. They include
wo complete radar control sets in the booth,
d two antenna train drives, antennas, and
ive regulators.
his installation enables the turret crew to
certain target direction, distance, course,
d speed. It is a range-finding system that
mpletely displaces the optical range-finderearlier turret designs. It is a system that
ovides new alternative methods of local
ntrol. These enable the radar signal beam to
e target to be employed as a combination
ne-of sight and range data factor. From
rived and computed data, transmitted to the
ght setter and the turret train indicator, the
tenna and the sights are offset identically in
imuth, and the sights are offset in elevation.his permits two methods of drive control:
tomatic train drive via radar operator's
rret train order with conventional pointer
rget sighting control, or conventional target
ghting control by both pointer and trainer.
uze setting control. Figure 46 shows the
neral arrangement of all fire control units
to stop fuze setting and set SAFE position for return
stowage.
Gun firing control. The gun and powder ammunitio
designs provide for electrical firing only.* Powder ca
do not include percussion primers, as a safety precau
because of rough handling in automatic loading.
The electrical firing system includes other safety
precautions and special arrangements. It is a selective
firing control, as indicated in the diagram of figure 47
that interlocks with the gun loading and gun laying
actions and permits remote or local firing. Safety
features of this circuit, in addition to automatic interl
switches, include manually operated firing stop switc
accessible to the turret officer, each gun captain, the
pointer, and the trainer.
The automatic interlock devices consist of four switc
operating mechanisms for the firing circuit of each gu
These block the firing until the transfer trays are in fi
position, the breech is completely closed, and the gun
pointing into a safe firing zone. Their positions and
identities are designated in figure 47. All these switch
positively open the firing circuit when their mechani
are actuated.
AUXILIARY INSTALLATIONS
Power supply equipment and circuit installations-and
also all turret heating, ventilating, sprinkling,
illumination, communications, and air supply system
are auxiliaries of the turret ordnance installations. Th
service facilities are units of Bureau of Ships design
cognizance. Their features and general arrangementsdescribed in the remaining pages of this chapter.
Power supply
Normal and emergency electric power is supplied to
each turret from the ship's four main 450-volt, 3-phas
60-cycle turbo generators. This power is supplied to e
turret through feeder cables originating at connection
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scussed above, and of the installations for
tomatic fuze setting and fuze setting
ntrol.
ach projectile hoist cradle includes a fuze
tter. It is an automatic, power-driven and
motely controlled design that controls the
ze setting action of mechanical time fuzes.rders received in the turret through the
ansfer switchboard are routed via the gun
ptain's control panels to amplifier cabinets
cated in the gun pits. These boost the power
gnals that operate the fuze setting motors,
d their switching arrangements enable the
un captain
boxes in the wiring trunk located below the base cast
Cables lead upward through spacer
* The gun has arrangements for attaching an accesso
that permits emergency percussion fire, provided a
special short-case powder charge is substituted for th
normal charge.
49
ocks in the central column to a wiring
cess at the top of the column, just beneath
e pan floor. Slack is provided in the cables
the bottom of the column to permit twisting
d flexing of the cables during turret
tation. From the wiring recess, cables are
uted to a manual bus transfer panel, located
n the inner wall of the inner circular
ulkhead at the right rear of the upper
ojectile flat. (See figure 17.) This panel is
uipped with switches and indicating lights
r selection of either normal or emergency
wer supply. From the manual bus transfer
nel, power is supplied to five circuit breaker
wer panels, consisting of: three gun
uipment power panels, one for each gun; a
training gear equipment panel; and a miscellaneous
equipment power panel. These circuit breaker power
panels serve to supply power to all controller
components of the power drives and the several auxil
services, except the illumination system.
Illumination supply. Normal and emergency power
the illumination system is supplied to each turret from
the 120-volt, 60-cycle ship's electric service system. T
power is supplied to the turret by flexible cable, throu
the central column wiring tube, similar to the
arrangements described in the preceding paragraphs.
From the wiring recess at the top of the central colum
the cable is routed to an automatic bus
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Figure 47. Gun Firing Control System
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Figure 48. Turret Ventilating System. General Arrangement
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means of a spring- and weight-loaded automatic
shutter, shown in figure 49, vertically mounted i
the right wing sight station area, before the partia
bulkhead. Air exhaust for both projectile levels i
via screened openings cut through the upper
52
Figure 50. Turret Sprinkling System General Arrangement
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53
d of the turret circular foundation, beneath the
wer roller path.
ectrical components of these ventilating sets are