19.5 Diversity of Fungi TEKS 8B, 8C, 11C, 12A The student is expected to: 8B categorize organisms using a hierarchical classification system based on similarities

19.5 Diversity of Fungi TEKS 8B, 8C, 11C, 12A

The student is expected to:

8B categorize organisms using a hierarchical classification system based on similarities anddifferences shared among groups;8C compare characteristics of taxonomic groups, including archaea, bacteria, protists, fungi, plants, and animals; 11C summarize the role of microorganisms in both maintaining and disrupting the health of both organisms and ecosystems; 12A interpret relationships, including predation, parasitism, commensalism, mutualism, and competition among organisms


KEY CONCEPT Fungi are heterotrophs that absorb their food.


Fungi are adapted to absorb their food from the environment.

• Plants and fungi have different traits. – Fungal cell walls are made of chitin. – Plant cell walls are made of cellulose.– Plants have chlorophyll and photosynthesize.– Fungi absorb food through hyphae.


• Fungi are multicellular organisms, with the exception of yeasts.

– hyphae – mycellium – fruiting body


Fungi come in many shapes and sizes.

• Primitive fungi are aquatic and have flagellated spores.• Sac fungi form a reproductive sac, or ascus.

– Yeasts are single-celled sac fungi.– Morels and truffles are multicellular sac fungi.


• Bread molds are often found on spoiled food.

– form zygospores during reproduction – mycorrhizae belong to this group


• Club fungi have fruiting bodies which are club-shaped.

– reproductive structures called basidia – include mushrooms, puffballs, and shelf fungi


Fungi reproduce sexually and asexually.

• Most fungi reproduce both sexually and asexually. – Yeasts reproduce asexually through budding.– Yeasts form asci during sexual reproduction.


• Multicellular fungi have complex reproductive cycles.

– distinctive reproductive structures


– life cycles may include either sexual or asexual reproduction or both



– life cycles may include either sexual or asexual reproduction or both



• All fungi form spores and zygotes.


The student is expected to:

11C summarize the role of microorganisms in both maintaining and disrupting the health of both organisms and ecosystems

and

12A interpret relationships, including

predation, parasitism, commensalism, mutualism, and competition among organisms


KEY CONCEPT Fungi recycle nutrients in the environment.


Fungi may be decomposers, pathogens, or mutualists.

• Fungi and bacteria are the main decomposers in any ecosystem.– decompose dead leaves, twigs, logs, and animals– return nutrients to the soil – can damage fruit trees and wooden structures


• Fungi can act as pathogens.

– human diseases include ringworm and athlete’s foot– plant diseases include Dutch elm disease


• Fungi can act as mutualists.

– lichens form between fungi and algae– mycorrhizae form between fungi and plants


– relationships form between fungi and some insects

• Fungi can act as mutualists.


Fungi are studied for many purposes.

• Fungi are useful in several ways.– as food – as antibiotics– as model systems for molecular biology

Documents

19.5 Diversity of Fungi TEKS 8B, 8C, 11C, 12A The student is expected to: 8B categorize organisms using a hierarchical classification system based on similarities