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Jurnali aRdgenilia 20 wlis Semdeg,peijmeiqeris yavl-gasul versiaSi anawyobisflopebze mignebiTa da programuli gardaqmniT.

amis gamo Zveli da erTob koxta fontebi:literaturuli, Cveulebrivi, akademiuri,kolxeTi da lorTqifaniZe -- yvelganCanacvlebulia imave, "oxriculi" (Rcuken)ganlagebis mqone dumbaZiT.

originalis dizaini, stili da marTlweradaculia.

mainc gadaadgilebulia ramdenime gverdi.

mTlad amoRebulia 8-gverda CanarTi,romelic dakecvis Semdeg wesebis maSindelwignakSi unda Cakruliyo.

1995 wlis msoflio Tasis anonsi mogvianebiT,dasisa da ganrigis dazustebis kvalad,xelaxlaa awyobili.

garekanis garda, sxva yvelaferiga-Sav-TeTrebulia.

Jurnalis dastambva im gaWirvebul xanaSicSesaZlebeli iyo, magram ori saCvenebeliegzemplari karga xans rom ganixileboda"ge-pe-is kaTedrebsa da Wreli abanos meqiseTaprof-kavSiris seminarebze", saqmesTavi veRar/aRar daedga.

1998 wels moxerxda kidev sami calisnaCqarevad, printerze amobeWdva, mere kiSemdgenels, yovel-dRiur gazeTebSimuSaobis gamo, saJurnalod aRar ecala.

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break-up of the Soviet Union things arerapidly changing. Abrupt rather thanstep-by-step transition to the free-mar-ket economy already has almost ruinedfoundations of the domestic sport. Oldfashioned multi-sport societies are nowdying and new uni-sport clubs areemerging. The latters are seekingsources of funding in various enter-prises, sponsorship etc but with moder-ate success as local business is at a stageof formation as well. Nevertheless, notless than six Division One Rugby Clubsalready have found wealthy sponsorsalthough the National Side has no suchpromoter yet which nowadays consti-tutes our primary worry .

The other cause which hampersGeorgia's progress towards interna-tional rugby's summit is a dissolution ofestablished rugby frontiers when inter-national competitions are concerned.The sour reality is that Rugby Unionalthough has been established but notsurvived throughout Georgia's neigh-borhood. So, to play formidable foreignopposition Georgians nowadays are totravel as far as to their Black Sea part-ners -- the Ukraine, or even CentralAsian Muslim Republics of Qazaqistonand Uzbeqiston where one could en-counter just Russian Army Contingent'sselect sides.

On the other hand, of course, thereare two IRFB members in close proxim-ity -- the Gulf and Israel, but fares aretoo expensive. Of course, there are alsoBaltic states and/or former Eastern

On a photograph below one can seethe Georgia National RepresentativeSide before its first Test vs Ukraine atSpartac Stadium, Kiev, the UkrainianCapital, in July this year.

Would you believe but that has beenunbelievable ten or even five years agowhen then powerful Unified SovietLand was still in existence thus forbid-ding constituent Republics from com-peting abroad or even assembling theirown representative sides. Instead, all ofthe Republics' sport, and Rugby Unionin particular, were incorporated in al-leged central structures with no expo-sure to beyond similarly alleged IronCurtain.

Nevertheless, thanks to its pioneers'devotion and players' and coaches'enormous talents Georgian rugby hasmanaged to develop into a formidableforce. Someone may argue at this stagebut we firmly believe that in the foresee-able future, notably prior to the 1995Rugby World Cup, Georgia will emergeat the international arena in capacity ofa promising rugby Nation.

Of course, with still inferior statuswithin the country contrary to soccer'sand limited playing resources it will betoo difficult to match IRFB FoundingMember Unions in a couple of decadestime but Georgia certainly will try tojoin them in the top dozen of NationalSides by ousting someone else out of it.

But this will only happen if Georgianrugby overcomes hardships it is experi-encing at present. In the aftermath of

Block countries but they have the same

hardships not to mention their mediocre

playing standards.

So, what remains on the map? --

mighty Russia, troubled by Rugby

League's persistent attacks, already

mentioned Ukraine and ... Romania, of

course. And far, far in sight, Italy,

Spain, Holland, and even Five Nations.

And also countries like already toured

Zimbabwe, not visited Namibia and

Georgians' dream land of South Africa.

Sadly, there are still chaos and extra-

ambition in Russia. That is why they are

reluctant to play ex-colonies while ac-

cusing them through FIRA top officials

in similarly doing.

Unfortunately, there is no response

yet from Romania to whom Georgia has

approached with suggestion of estab-

lishing Black Sea Circuit similar to Fiji

- Tonga - Samoa South Pacific Triangle.

According to Georgia's proposal a

three-way contest should be established

between Romania, Ukraine and Georgia

on the annual basis which would com-

prise six short, three-match tours be-

tween the countries involved, a Test per

Dear Foreign Readers

These pages are destined exclusively

for you as I am sure the vast majority

of you probably has almost no

information on Georgia or its Rugby

Union.

(l(l-r) (standing) T Bendiashvili (coach), M Marjanishvili (12), G Guiunashvili (8), D Vartaniani (7), R Japarashvili (6),

A Xibradze (4), B Shvanguiradze (5), G Babunashvili (1), P Svanidze (2), K Guiunashvili (3); (kneeling) E Dzagnidze (14),

N Natroshvili (9), D Chavleishvili (10), A Qvedelidze (13), L Vashadze (11), N Dzagnidze (15, captain).

CHALLENGE OF NEW FRONTIERS


GEORGIAN RUGBY HIGHLIGHTS

1928, 1940, 1948 Unsuccessful attempts to establish rugby in Georgia

1960 First rugby games between regularly based teams

1961 First domestic competition -- Tbilissi championship

1962 First game v Russians (lost 9-12); First "abroad" tour (Russia, Latvia)

1963 First great disappointment because of ref's bias towards opponents while participating in

soviet inter-national club competitions

1964 First domestic row in the final match

1964,December Georgia Rugby Union was founded

1965 First set-back on soviet inter-national club arena

1967 First visit by French trade-union's side; First National Championships were held

1974 Great depression

1977 Visit by Penguins Football Club -- a great boost for improving playing standards

1978 First win of soviet inter-national club Cup by Georgian (Tbilissi) club (30-3 in the final)

1979 Tbilissi club's win over Headingley (England) 17-16

1987-89 Kutaissi club won soviet inter-national club championship three years in

succession

1988 First National Sevens were held

1989 First assemble of national representative side; First Test (v Zimbabwe, won 16-3); Setting

official links with IRFB; Attending an International Congress in England by Georgian Delegates

1990 First tour of foreign country, Zimbabwe as a National Representative Team; Tour record:

Played 4, Won 3, Lost 1; Test series drawn 1-1; First visit to England by Georgian club (Elmavali)

1991 First home Test series v Ukraine (won 2-0)

1992, February Georgia Rugby Union's election to IRFB Membership

July First away Test series v Ukraine (won 2-0)

GEORGIA NATIONAL CLUB CHAMPIONS

Dynamo/Iveria Tbilissi - 1967, 1970, 1971, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976

Locomotivi/Elmavali/Vesta Tbilissi - 1968, 1972, 1977, 1992

Dynamo/Aia Kutaissi - 1969, 1978, 1982, 1984, 1985, 1990, 1991

University Tbilissi - 1980

Medicals Tbilissi - 1981, 1987

Army - 1985, 1988

Aissi/Guelati Kutaissi - 1986, 1989

TESTS PLAYED BY GEORGIA NATIONAL REPRESENTATIVE SIDE

12 Sept 89 Kutaissi Georgia 16 (1T,4P) Zimbabwe 3 (1P)

14 April 90 Bulawayo Zimbabwe 22 (3T,2C,2P) Georgia 16 (2T,1C,2P)

21 April 90 Harare Zimbabwe 10 (1T,2P) Georgia 26 (4T,2C,2P)

21 Nov 91 Tbilissi Georgia 19 (2T,1C,1P,2D) Ukraine 15 (2T,2C,1P)

24 Nov 91 Rustavi Georgia 6 (2P) Ukraine 0

13 July 92 Kiev Ukraine 13 (2T,1C,1P) Georgia 18 (2T,2C,1P,1D)

15 July 92 Kiev Ukraine 0 Georgia 15 (1T,1C,1P,2D)

OTHER INTERNATIONALS

1990

Mashonaland (Zimbabwe) 6 Georgia XV 28

Zimbabwe Midlands 0 Georgia XV 44

Georgia "B" XV 12 Paris II University (France) 7

Birmingham University (England) 14 Georgia XV 45 (in Italy)

Cambridge University (England) 18 Georgia XV 18 (in Italy)

Lazio Roma (Italy) 0 Georgia XV 6

Ile-de-France Universities (France) 12 Georgia "A" XV 26

Paris II University (France) 6 Georgia "A" XV 24

1991

Georgian Students XV 16 Ukraine 11

1992

Zvezda Tashkent (Uzbeqiston) v Georgia XV 9-6, 7-21, 6-18 (wild games)

Latvia "B" XV 3 Georgia XV 28 (in Ukraine)

GEORGIAN CLUBS' RECORD IN SOVIET

INTER-NATIONAL CLUB COMPETITIONS

Dynamo Tbilissi - silver (1966)

Locomotivi Tbilissi - bronze (1968, 1972, 1978, 1981), Cup (1978), Cup runner-up (1976)

Aia Kutaissi - gold (1987, 1988, 1989), silver (1984), bronze (1985), Cup (1987, 1990)

LIST OF CURRENTLY EXISTING

GEORGIAN CLUBS

(with year of formation; "W" -- West Georgia;

unless stated -- East Georgia)

Division One

Vesta (Elmavali)Tbilissi (1964)

Aia Kutaissi (1966) (W)

Jani Choqatauri (1978)(W)

Shevardeni Tbilissi (1975)

Erkvani(Guelati) Kutaissi (1979)(W)

Amirani (Mimino) Tbilissi (1988)

Qochebi (Technical University) Tbilissi

(1960)

Qarebi Rustavi (1990)

Medicals Tbilissi (1977)

Korebi (Physical Education Institute &

Georgian Railways) Tbilissi (1990)

Division Two

Imereti Tchiatura (1977)(W)

Arts Academy Tbilissi (1983)

Aieti (University) Kutaissi (1990)(W)

Sataplia Tsqaltubo (1989)(W)

Rashi (Zootechnics) Tbilissi (1981)

Buba Oni (1990)(W)

University Tbilissi (1963)

Rugby School Kutaissi (early 1980'ies)

Second Shevardeni (1991)

Iveria Tbilissi (1990)

Lelo Tbilissi (early 1980'ies)

Imedi Lanchquti (1992)(W)

Qashuri (1992)

*** There are also one-a-piece Golden

Oldies Societies in Tbilissi and Kutaissi, and

either defunct or newly created clubs in Telavi,

Zestafoni(W), Zugdidi(W), Lenteqi(W),

Batumi(W).

Please, contact Georgia RU as follows:-

Georgia Rugby Union, Sakartvelos Ragbis Kavshiri, VakisStadioni, Chavchavadzis Gamziri 74, Tbilissi 62, REPUBLICOF GEORGIA. Tel: 010 7 8832 294754/63; Fax: 010 7 8832292876; Telex: 212286 RING SU.

Georgia RU emblem BORJXALI

symbolising The Sun

and Eternal Movement

tour, so that it would be possible to

operate a league table.

And finally, it is somewhat strange

but Georgia's prospects of having an-

nual international fixture list through

FIRA membership have been annihi-

lated as the governing body has taken

ambiguous attitude to Russia's former

colonies.

So, once again, what remains in sight

to count on? Of course, 1995 Rugby

World Cup Qualifying Rounds plus

1993 Sevens World Cup Pre-Qualifying

Tournament for ex-Soviets plus some

desired tour either to or from Five

Nations.

Let us hope they will happen and

Georgia succeed thanks to the Interna-

tional Board's care and support.

ZAAL GUIGUINEISHVILI


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!))! otkc hfu,ib lblb gjkbnbrf xfthbf lfvjhfu,tsf ufjht,fcfw othnbkb lfecdf8 fb7 vfiby rbufbhrdf7 hfyb d.jabkdfhs9 lf bcbw7 hjv vjybc acb-mjkjubbcfufy sfdbc lfqotdf 'ytkpt-'ytkb.jabkf8 fvfcj,fib cfibyfj hfu,ib ctpjysf fsdkbcotcb itbwdfkf8

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cfmfhsdtkjc gbhdtkj,fc f.hbkb gfnbdb !))_okbc bfydfhibqf lfe,heytc8 vfiby bvfdt cgjhnbcveifrsf kjwdf-rehs[tdbs lblbc hb[bs ufvjw[fl-lf7 hjv fvbthblfy it]b,ht,fib bctd .dtkf mfhsdtkbvjhfu,t bvjyfobktdt,lf - ufyehxtdkfl vhofvcbcflf xby-vtlkt,bcf8 vfibydt lfotclf ehxsf lfvtlblehsf fcfkfuvfdb cfymwbt,b7 hjvkt,bw7 se fhvtikt,f7 ]thfw dthfdbc obyffqvltu ufvje.tyt,bfs8

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xdtyc cfibyfj cfh,btkpt 88 8


1990

vbrhjcfv.fhjc idbkt,b fhbfy lf cojhtlvfs thsj,kbd 'fkbc[vtdfpt - lf fhfc[dbcb [tkbc itv.ehtj,fptf lfvjrb-lt,ekb cfmfhsdtkjib hfu,bc vjvfdfkb8

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XXIII

bltfv uffvfhskf7"vf<bzj<fv - dthf888 htrjhlt<bw vhfdkfl b.j

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20:10 15:12 43:0 20:10 (30:0) 0:6 (30:0) 13 10 0 3 269 137 20 (II)

(0:30) 26:9 31:3 42:15 25:9 20:22 6:6 14 8 1 5 299 215 17 (III)

17:21 13:32 0:0 18:17 3:0 7:4 12:6 24:12 24:9 18 11 1 6 233 209 23 VI

(30:0) 18:16 6:10 4:3 6:9 15:13 21:13 19:6 16:13 18 9 1 8 231 224 19 VII

((:)) 6:12 29:3 9:8 6:9 12:19 23:9 26:10 54:10 17 9 0 8 295 226 18 VIII

19:24 9:20 3:12 12:13 6:16 (0:30) 24:9 10:3 10:6 18 8 0 10 206 273 16 IX

33:6 52:13 37:0 (30:0) 32:12 ((:)) 56:12 13 13 0 0 457 106 26 (I)

(0:30) 3:46 7:24 6:3 30:19 29:17 20:10 14 8 1 5 206 262 17 (IV)

11:6 19:4 32:12 (30:0) 4:26 8:10 36:9 15:10 25:13 18 12 0 6 320 186 24 V

18:19 12:8 6:10 18:19 10:56 12:30 6:34 20:3 9:6 18 3 0 15 216 402 6 X

0:22 12:9 9:25 9:40 6:27 0:36 10:15 21:12 7:12 17 3 0 14 148 345 6 XI

0:20 3:51 9:22 13:27 16:56 20:29 10:22 18:16 4:13 18 2 0 16 184 477 4 XII

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1991

XXIV

3fhqfhf vjyf7 fhfvtl fpyfeh4vfnxt,b lf !))_ okbc thjdyekb xtvgbjy-fnb brvfht,c7 vfuhfv7 xdtekt,f h]ekptevnrbwtcbfj lf cfrfdibhj xtvgbjyfnbcvbnjdt,fpt hjwf vblut,jlf cfmvt -fdflv.jab hjv vnrbdfyb r,bkbc fvjqt,fcuflfbdflt,c - uff]fy]kt,lyty7 3thsbotkbw udfwfkts lf ufbcfl xdty dbwjltslf xdtyvf ,bzj,fvj4 lf fv vtlqt[dfkbj-,fib7 hjv bn.dbfy7 cekpt vjecohjslfvjerblt,kj,bc ufvjw[flt,fv8 fct lf-hxf js[ ueylc cffcgfhtpjl v[jkjlthjdyekb xtvgbjyfnb8

fv fv,fdvf cfmfhsdtkjc xtvgbjyfnbccnfhncfw7 lf hjujhw itvltu ufbhrdf7fhf vfhnj vfc lffcdf lfqb5 gbhdtkcfdtnehib obyf xtvgbjyfnbc abyfkbcnt,c -3fbfcf4 lf 3dtcnfc4 eylf tsfvfifs7 vfuhfvecfrfdibhjxtvgbjyfnjl lfhxtybkvf lffk,fs fvbs wjnfsb lf,ytekvf 3dtcnfv4mesfbcib ofcdkfc dtqfh se fqfh lfflufsfdb7 hbcsdbcfw thsb mekbs lf]fhbvlflf cojhtl fvbc ufvj lfrfhuf abyfkehbvfnxbc vfcgby'kj,bc eakt,f lf dby bwbc7bmyt, - xtvgbjyj,fw8

hjujhw [tlfds7 vcufdcb vjdktyt,b xtv-gbjyfnc gbhdtkbdt lqblfy lft,tlf lf fvbs.dtkfpt vtnfl 3fbfv4 bpfhfkf5 3dtcnfc4rdfkfl mesfbcc fqfhw 3frfltvbf4 uft-vupfdhf9 3itdfhltyb4 rb xfdblf7 vfuhfvxfecdktkj,f c]j,lf - fsbjl vjsfvfibsths nfbvcfw dth uf'kj9 sbsmjc tc fhrvfhjlf lf 3hfivf4 bcbw vjf[th[f7 hjv3fbfc4 iby fh lfe[dlf8 sfvfic lfyfn-ht,ekvf mesfbctkt,vf sfdbfysb ufcfzbhbnhb,eyfpt v.ja ;ehyfkbcnt,cqf itvj-

cfmfhsdtkjc yfrht,bc ntcnt,vfw lfflfc-nehf xdtyc ,tlmdti v.ja erhfbyfcsfy8

3'fkbfyfw rfhub7 se fh edybf7 vfuhfvhfqf udfhujj47 brbs[fdc vfdfyb lf chek-bfl evfhst,ekjl5 cfhut,tkc cekfwsfdb lfdfyt,js lf [jv dthwrb ofh-vjdblutys7 lfvjerblt,tkb cf[tkvobajc7vfufkbsfl bnfkbbc7 hjvtkbvt ueylvfcfahfyutsbc gbhdtkj,fpt hjv vjbyljvjcufvjcdkf7 fy vcjakbjc sfcpt bfgjybbc lfrjhtbc ufthsbfyt,ekvf yfrht,vf hjvbsfvfijc8 vfi7 hfqf mfhsdtkt,c eylf ufud-bobjc uekvf c[dt,bcrty0 sevwf7 wjldfufv[tkbkb c]j,c lf ew[j xtvgbjyfnblfyufvj.jabc vjobyffqvltutsf vsfdfhbfhuevtynb - cecn ueylt,sfy sfvfiibjcnfnj,f lfudbmdtbslt,fj - !))! otkcyfobkj,hbd f[lf5 jcnfnj,bc lfmdt-bst,bcf hf vjuf[ctyjs7 vfuhfv 3fbfcf4 lf4dtcnfc4 sbsj ueylb se ufe'fkbfylf7sfyfw - cf,zjtsbc gbhdtkj,bc mdtlfkbubc .jabkb vjyfobktyb7 lf bcbw -sbsj sfvfiib5 3utkfsb4 - 3dtcnfc47 3vb-vbyj4 - 3fbfc48

mfhsdtkb vjhfu,tt,b lf hfu,bcvtsfeht,b cbn.dbsfw lf cfmvbsfw hjvthssfdfl lfvjerblt,kj,bcf lf thjdye-kb xtvgbjyfnbc vjv[htyb b.dyty7 fvbc lfc-nehfl ]th rbltd !)() lf !))_ okt,ibpbv,f,dtcsfy xdtyb yfrht,bc ntcn-

!))! okbc ) fghbkbf8 cfmfhsdtkjc @$-txtvgbjyfnbc lfo.t,fvlt jhbjl lqtf lf-hxtybkb8 cfvfubthjl7 erdt lfo.t,ekfvjhbub cfrfdibhj xtvgbjyfnb7 cflfw mes-fbcbc 3fbfcf4 lf s,bkbcbc 3tkvfdfkc47 fo3dtcnfl4 uflfyfskekc7 sbsj sfvfibcufvfhsdf vjecohbfs vjybyjc ueylsfy lffv lhjc cfmfhsdtkjc eptyftcb cf,zjlfvjerblt,kj,bc fmnc ufvjcwtvc8

3cfmfhsdtkjc cgjhnbc ltgfhnfvtyncvbfxybf7 hjv f[kf7 hjwf htcge,kbrfw[jdht,bc .dtkf cathjib lfvjerblt,-kj,bc upfc lffluf7888 .dtkf abprekne-hek-cgjhnekb cfpjufljt,f7 eo.t,f7cgjhnekb atlthfwbf eylf ufvjt.jccfrfdibhj cnhemnehfc48 8 8 - sbsmjclfcfdct,bs kjubrehb lfcrdyf lffltdytc[fk[bcf lf gfhkfvtynbc yt,f-cehdbkc7vfuhfv7 xdtyb cgjhnbc sfdrfwt,c7 hjujhwxfyc7 fphb ewdkbfs lf thsb okbc itvltusfdbfyscfdt uflfo.dtnbkt,fc 3njnfk-bnfhekb ht;bvbs ufvjodtekb sdbs-bpjkfwbf4 eojltc8

f[kf ltgfhnfvtynbc ifhifyltkb dth-lbmnbc fdrfhubfyj,bc ufhxtdfc fhitdelut,bs7 vbseahj7 hjv cgjhnbcc[dflfc[df cf[tj,bc thsb fhibybs ufpjvdfahbfl cf'ytkjwff 7 vfuhfv xdtybhfu,bcsdbc 3sdbsbpjkfwbfc4 ,tdhb hjvdthfathb lferkbf7 !))! lf !))@ okt,ib


vthf, vfh]fybidbkb

vwbht abyfkb

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vcf]b ht[dbfidbkb ~s,bkbcb`

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3dtcnf4@c5 xfdktbidbkb ~$@'9 ^^'`

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vcf]b f,fib't ~s,bkbcb`

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thjdyek kbufib vjfcgfhtpt s,bkbcehb ueylt,b bvsfdbsdtesfyf,hj gbhj,t,ib fqvjxylyty5 3itdfhltyb4 lf 3frfltvbf4 cfv-cfv]th eylf ufvupfdht,ekb.dyty bvthtsc7 3.jxt,cf4 lf 3vb-vbyjc4 rb cfvbdt kb[cbmbsehb ueylb iby eylf vbtqjs8

sfdlfgbhdtkfl e'kbthtcsf js[tekb eylf ufvjdktybkb.jlf 3fbf47 3dtcnf4 lf 3utkfsb4 evfk lfobyfehlyty8 vtjs[tueylfl 3vbvbyj4 /.fdlf .dtkfc lfuekt,ekb7 vfuhfv fuhfhekbeybdthcbntnbc 3itdfhltyvf4 ]th bv otkc udfhbfyfl

udxbdktc5 3hect,sfy sfvfib [jv fudbrh'fktc7 f[kf xdtybfyt,bw fhudrflhekj,ty lf hf o.fkc vbdwts sfdb7 bctd cfrfdibhjgbhdtkj,fpt [jv fh lfd,heylt,bsj48 xdtyw hfqf udtsmvjlf7sevwfqf 3hfibw4 cfrflhbcfl lfcf]f ufyut,fv5 3dtcnfcb4 fh b.jc7vfcfw thsb mekf lffrklf vbpybc vbcfqotdfl - thjdyek kbufiblfcfhxtyfl - bc thsb mekf7 vcufdcb lfhqdtdt,bcsdbc hjv b.jlfotct,ekb cfc]tkfl8

vjdktyt,c oby ye ufdecoht,s lf nehybhbc htukfvtynptwdsmdfs jhbjl cbn.df8 vcjakbj hfu,ib lf7 cfthsjl7 cgjhnibvbqt,ek itvjlujvf - ufpfa[ekbc cbcntvfpt uflfcdkfv uf-hlfvfdfkb7 thsohbfyb xtvgbjyfnbc ufvfhsdf vjbs[jdf7ueylt,bc hfjltyj,bc @!-vlt ufphlfv - vfsb jh kbufl

1 (+) 17:0 32:0 48:14 (+) 8 0 0 32 10 0 1 255 75 41

16:3 2 69:3 54:7 56:0 58:21 65:8 60:3 7 0 *1 28 10 0 *1 508 60 40

11:43 9:16 3 11:0 12:3 31:4 5 1 2 24 6 1 4 128 186 30

12:44 3:70 3:6 4 20:15 12:6 36:3 5 0 3 23 5 0 6 140 263 26

16:40 9:9 5 6:6 21:7 32:3 41:9 3 2 3 19 5 3 4 202 193 30

6:28 12:15 13:19 22:7 6 20:11 12:21 25:4 3 1 4 18 5 1 6 197 212 28

10:21 9:28 12:12 24:10 7 28:12 (:) 2 0 6 14 3 1 7 156 268 21

3:44 6:15 3:10 23:15 8 6:7 0 0 *8 7 2 1 *9 101 202 18

(—) 3:28 16:40 8:18 15:15 9 1 0 *7 10 1 1 *9 72 300 ? 14

fbf ~mes`dtcnfutkfsb ~mesìtdfhltyb.jxt,bvbvbyjbvthtsb ~zbfs`frfltvbfhfib

6 tnfgb 6 + 6 6 tnfgbthjdyekb kbuf

yf[tdfhabyfkt,b5 fbf - itdfhltyb (+)

dtcnf - utkfsb 60:3

(+) vjut,f vbtybzf9 (—) ofut,f vbtcf]f9 * mekf xfvjfrklf ~lbcrdfkbabrfwbbc ufvj`9 (:) fh ufvfhsekf9 ?xfvjmdtbslf8 vjut,bcfsdbc ueylc tsdkt,jlf $ mekf7 ahtcfsdbc @7 ofut,bcfsdbc !7 lbcrdfkbabrfwbbcfsdbc _ 8


0 =

hecsfdb - cfsfakbf 28:12]fyb - vfhb[b (+)

thjdyek kbufib uflfcfcdktkfl5

tc nehybhb !))!otkc chekbfl cf-

mfhsdtkjc gbhdtkbcgjhnekb sfvfit,bc

ghjuhfvbs vjto.j8 hfzbc ueylib jytkblf s,bkbctkb hfzdtkt,b sfvfij,lyty7mdtvj mfhskbcfib - hecsfdtkb vjhfu-,tt,b7 bvthtsbc yfrht,b rb 3utkfsc4 lf-vfnt,ekb xj[fnfehtkb mesfbctk-.jabkt,b b.j8 cdfytsvf7 cfvtuhtkjv lfuehbfv7 hjujhw cgjhnbc veifrt,bbn.dbfy7 3it]b,ht,fc sfdb ffhbltc48

hecsfdb8 !@-!^ jmnjv,thbs,bkbcb - hfzf ^(5^ ~%@5_`7 bvthtsb -

mdtvj mfhskb !)5^ ~!^5_`s,bkbcb - mdtvj mfhskb #_5!% ~!^5_`7

bvthtsb - hfzf %$5!_ ~#(5_`mdtvj mfhskb - hfzf !#5$

s,bkbcb - bvthtsb @(5!@ ~!@5^`s,bkbcb5 $k ~u8 ubeyfidbkb7 ,tctkbf7

dfif't7 xfdktbidbkb`7 #u7c7f - xfdktbidbkbbvthtsb5 $c ~y8 'fuyb't`vcf]b ht[dbfidbkb ~s,bkbcb`

s,bkbcb # _ _ !@^ ## ^bvthtsb @ _ ! (% $$ $mdtvj mfhskb ! _ @ #$ %# @hfzf _ _ # @_ !#% _

xtvgbjyt,b5 f8 [dtltkb't7 v8 ,tctkbf7k8 xbmdbyb't7 k8 dfif't7 l8 xfdktbidbkb7b8 mthfekb7 h8 ]fafhfidbkb7 v8 ufuyb't7r8 ubeyfidbkb7 p8 ,frehf't7 l8 qeleif-ehb7 s8 [eflt7 l8 j,jkf't7 l8 dfhsfyb-fyb7 u8 ubeyfidbkb7 u8 athf't ~.dtkf -3dtcnf4`9 y8 behbyb7 b8 xbmfdf7 d8 rfgfyf't~cfvbdt - 3itdfhltyb4`9 s8 sfdf't ~3mjht-,b4` 8 vodhsytkt,b5 s8 ,tylbfidbkb~3dtcnf4`7 h8 cfyt,kb't ~3itdfhltyb4`

cfyfwdkj w[hbkt,b

thjdyekb kbuf

s v a q o +

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bvth-fvthbc kbut,b

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ahx[bkt,ib vjnfybkbf ufvwlfhit[dtlhfsf hfjltyj,f

1 17:8 10:6 25:12 36:4 (+) 9 0 1 167 84 37

14:6 2 19:11 15:0 24:0 56:0 8 1 1 232 52 35

6:21 12:12 3 31:12 3:4 15:6 4 2 4 134 103 24

8:20 0:35 0:20 4 14:0 16:10 3 0 7 89 180 19

14:17 6:12 9:20 20:18 5 15:9 3 0 7 76 169 19

12:15 0:37 10:10 4:9 16:4 6 1 1 *8 67 177 13

]fyb ~xj[`cfsfakbffbtnb ~mesùtkfsb 66kbkt ~ktynàfpbcb ~jyb`

bvthbc kbuf

1 10:9 22:0 8:3 6:0 48:6 8 1 1 194 79 35

6:6 2 9:9 13:9 7:0 58:0 7 2 1 171 50 33

21:16 4:14 3 17:4 19:12 (:) 5 2 2 167 109 26

12:16 3:6 9:9 4 12:15 19:0 3 1 6 123 113 20

19:20 3:35 17:18 15:21 5 6:4 3 0 7 133 142 19

3:42 6:14 6:70 14:31 0:46 6 0 0 9 39 334 9

hecsfdbvfhb[bbdthbfs,bkbcbeybdthcbntnbfrfltvbf 6 6

fvthbc kbuf

vjv'kfdht,ekb 3.jxt,b4 vjbyflbhf7 vtht

3vbvbyjcfw4 uf/rhf rkfyzb lf ,jkjc7 !))_

okbc s,bkbcehb cneltynehb ueylt,bc

hbc[df 7 zbfsehbc 3bvthtsbw4 ptl

vbf.jkf8

ifhify 3itdfhltyvf4 c[df ueylt,ib

ufafynekb sfdbcb vjsfvfitt,bc sfdvj.hf

bo.j - rfgfyf't7 ]fytkb't lf ldfkb

lfb,heyf7 fvfs cfv[fndhj frfltvbtkb

vjlt,f'tw lfevfnf lf erfyf [fpbc kblth-

bc7 lfifdt,ekb y8 behbybc fh.jayfw fh

lfcn.j,bf - bub ofhvfnt,ekfl itwdfkf

afhwdfybfv8

3.jxt,b47 vfhsfkbf7 js[tekib dth

vj[dlyty7 vfuhfv vtcfvt [fpbc vjh-

rbyfkt,bc5 vfzfdfhbfybc7 p8 kt;fdfc7 rj,f-

[b'bcf lf ithrbyt,bc yf[tdfhvwdtk

ubjh[tkb'bc obyfv'qjkj,bs vt[est

flubkb fqfhfdbc lffyt,tc8

itvlujvb jhb tnfgb - js[tekbc thso-

hbfyb nehybhb7 yf[tdfhabyfkt,cf lf

abyfkt,ib vfcgby'kt,bc dbyfj,f hjv eylf

lftlubyf7 lf cfreshbd yf[tdfhabyfkb7

kfvbc ajhvfkj,fl bmwf5 flubkt,bc

cf,jkjj ufyfobkt,bcsdbc vybidytkjdfyb

fm v[jkjl thsb it[dtlhf7 3itdfhltyb4 -

3utkfsb4 ufvjluf7 3dtcnf4 - 3fbf4 rb

v[jkjl abyfkbc htgtnbwbf b.j7 cflfw

mesfbctkt,vf thsb nfbvb ufb,h'jktc lf

iby7 abyfkib htdfyibc bvtlbs bjkfl it-

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.jabkb 3fbtkt,bw4 vhfdkfl thbdyty7

s,bkbcib ufvfh]dt,bs vtcfvt flubkbcfs-

dbc vfnxbc mesfbcib sfvfib ufbyfqlf lf bm

rb7 sfdc[vf odbvfib7 vf.eht,tksf v[fhlf-

zthbc7 ]bvitktbidbkbc7 ytvcbodthb'bc7

abjkbfcf lf ifyb'bc sfdlflt,bc7 at[bs

vfxbnb'bc lblt,ekb sfvfibcf lf7

itcf'kjf7 wjnfsb cftzdj ktkjc

o.fkj,bsfw7 ufbvfh]df8

vsfdfh abyfkib ueylt,vf sbsj 'bhbsflb

vjsfvfit vjbcfrkbctc5 3dtcnfc4 iefvfh,b

xbmdbyb't frklf7 3fbfc4 - vjhrbyfkb

abhw[fkfdf8 fm mesfbctkt,vf zrebs

f]j,tc vtnjmtc5 fnfkf[t,ek vjtlfypt

vtnc vfbyw dthfathc ufdfo.j,sj lf 3dtcn-

fc4 itwljvt,pt b.dyty lfutibkb7 jh]th

3ufvjbzbhtc4 rbltw s,bkbctkt,b lf

y8 'fuyb'bc7 jlbifhbfcf lf utuexf'bc cbvf-

hlbc o.fkj,bs jh]thdt ktkjc ufnfyfw

it'ktc8 vfh]fybidbkb lf ,tctkbf - thss-

fdfl tekfl hjv wlbkj,lyty vtnjmbc kt-

kjib itqotdfc - fy nfkf[ib takj,jlyty7

fyfw [fvfiehb'bcf lf n.f,kf'bc rth'b

[lt,jlyty8 fhw a[frf'tc7 ht[dbfidbkcf lf

p8 kbgfhntkbfyc ufczbhdt,bfs yfhb-

vfyb'bc7 ]fafhfidbkbcf lf ubeyfidbkt,bc

3fkfuvdf48

nehybhbc vboehekc xfikbkb vfnxt,bc

rbltd thsvf nfkqfv uflfbfhf5 fh ufvfh-

sekf thsb yf[tdfhabyfkb lf thjdyek

kbufib uflfcfcdktkb thsb vfnxb - ab-

preknehbc bycnbnenbc 3vfhb[vf4

xj[fnfehib xfcdkf lf bmfehb 3]fybc4

jhvjwcvbnfyt,ek7 .jabk 3kjrjvjnb-

dtk4 se 3fbtk4 dfhcrdkfdt,sfy5 ubjh-

uf'tcsfy7 v8 [fhibkf'tcsfy7 j8 kbgfh-

ntkbfysfy ,ehsfj,f7 lf yfz.t,bfcsfy7 vt-

nflht rb kbkefidbksfy hrtyf lf zbl-

bkb7 fk,fs7 ebvtlj lf sfyfw [bafsbfy

cfmvtl vbbxybf8 kbltht,b fhw fvthbc uf-

vfh]dt,ekc - hecsfdbc ueylc frklf5

3,t,ht,c4 - rfrf,f'tc7 ,t,bfidbkcf lf

mthn.jtdc f[fk,tlt,vf - [ewbidbkvf lf

dfcf'tvfw fe,tc v[fhb 7 sevwfqf

o.fkne,jc 3cfsfakbf4 vfbyw 3uf,hb.d-

lf47 hecsfdc xfcdkf 3uf,tlf4 lf cfcnb-

rflfw lfvfhw[lf8

thjdyek kbufib lfcfhxtyfl ,h'j-

kfib 3frfltvbfv4 sfdbcb thsflthsb dfh-

crdkfdbc - j,jkf'bc o.fkj,bs 3hfic4

bct ufe[flf cfmvt7 hjv fv erfyfcrytkc

zbfsehfib !@* ,ehsbs eylf vjtuj9 fvbn-

jv xtvgbjyfnbc ,jkj vfnxbc ufvfhsdf

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1894 3 2(5) 3 4 4

1905 3 2(5) 3 4 3

1948 3 2(5) 3 3 3

1971 4 2(6) 3 3 3

1977 4 2(6) 3 3 - **

1992 5 2(7) 3 3 -


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