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Hypothesis

Dr. Maria Irma Bustamante

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Wild Guess

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Definitions

• The hypothesis is a tentative, declarative

statement about the relationship between two

or more variables.

• It is a tentative explanation for certain

behaviors, phenomena or events which

have occurred or will occur.

• It is an educated guess which needs to betested.

 

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Definitions

• The proposition is an abstract statement

that further clarifies the relationship between

two concepts.

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Hypothesis !roposition

"xamples•Proposition# The amount of mobility in the

form of exercising positively influences the

level of muscle integrity.•Hypothesis# If the nurse helps the patient

maintain muscle tone through proper

exercising , the patient will experience fewer

problems associated with immobility.

  Burns & Grove, 2005 

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Characteristics

• It should be reasonable or logical.

• It should use precise language. It shouldstate in definite terms, the relationship

between variables.

• It should be testable.

 

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Sources

• $bservations of phenomena

• %eal life experiences

• &ay be generated from relationshipsexpressed in theories.

• 'iterature review

• %esults of previous researches

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Types

• Null hypothesis (Ho) is a statement of a

no relationship, no difference, no effect or

no interaction. It is tested with statistics.

• "xample#

*ocial support is not associated with

victimi+ation.

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Types

• Alternative or research hypothesis (H)

is the expectation based on theory. This

could either be#

• Directional - specifies the direction of the

relationship.

• Non-irectional - only specifies that

there is a relationship.

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Types

• "xample - irectional hypothesis

*ocial support will be negatively associated

with victimi+ation.

• "xample - /on0directional hypothesis

*ocial support is associated with

victimi+ation.

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Types

• Simple hypothesis has one independent

and one dependent variable.

• "xample#

*ocial support is not associated with

victimi+ation.

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Types

• Comple! hypothesis has two or more

independent and dependent variables

• "xample#

*ocial support will be negatively associated

with both victimi+ation and perpetration.

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Types

• Associative hypothesis proposesrelationships among variables that occur

together in the real world so that when one

variable changes, the other changes 12Tthey do not indicate that one variable

causes an effect on another variable.

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Types

•  "xample - 3ssociative hypothesis

  3 decrease in caloric inta4e is associated

with a decrease in weight among middle

aged men.

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Types

• Causal hypothesis proposes a causeand effect interaction between two or more

variables, the independent and dependent

variables.

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Types

• "xample - 5ausal hypothesis

  'istening to preferred music decreases

anxiety among pre0operative adult female

patients.

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$emem%er 

• Hypotheses are never   proved through

hypothesis testing rather they are

accepted or supported or re6ected.

7indings are always tentative. If resultsare replicated in numerous investigations,

greater confidence can be placed in the

conclusions. Hypotheses come to besupported with mounting evidences.

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The guessing game continues8

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8the hypothesis9