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1st Grade

Structure, Function and Information Processing

2015-11-22

www.njctl.org

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Table of Contents

· Animal Structure and Function

Click on the topic to go to that section

· Plant Structure and Function

· What is Structure & Function?

· Animal and Plant Responses

· Design a Solution

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Plant Response DemoTeacher's Notes:· The Plant Response Demo will take place at the

end of the unit. · If you wish to use plants/flowers that you have

planted yourself, do that now so that they are already sprouted and growing by the end of the unit.

· If you wish to use already potted flowers, purchase them before the end of the unit.

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What is Structure and Function?

Return to Table of Contents

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What is a Structure?The world is filled with interesting structures.

Sydney Opera House San Fransisco Bay Bridge

Statue of Liberty Taj Mahal

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What is a Structure?

Pretend that your friend, Jacques, from Paris is visiting the United States. He does not speak very much

English.

How can you describe what a structure is?

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Structures

A structure is an organized arrangement of parts.

Look around the classroom. What kinds of structures do you see?

Look at your classmates. Do they have any structures?

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Anteater noseRose thorns

Structures

Not only can structures be found in buildings, they are also part of our bodies.

Different parts of organisms (living things) are also called structures. Can you name the structures circled in these

pictures?

Falcon beak

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Different Uses

Look at the structures of the eagle's claws and the dog's paw. They are both types of feet, but they are used for

different purposes.

Why are they different? (Think about how they are used.)

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Different Uses

An eagle has sharp talons on its feet to grab animals as they fly.

A dog has padded feet to protect him as he walks on different surfaces.

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Lots of organisms have different structures because they are used for different purposes.

The purpose of a structure is called its function .

Functions

What are the functions of these structures?

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Structure and Function

Most of the time, how a structure is made helps it to have a certain function.

Look at the eagle claw again. What is it about the structure that helps it to grab animals while it is flying?

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Structure and FunctionOn the following pictures, look at the structure and describe the function it serves. Below is an example

Structure: turtle shell Function: protect turtle

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Structure and Function

Structure: shark teeth Function:

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Structure and Function

Structure: cactus spines Function:

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1 An organism is a living thing.

True

False

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2 Which of the following is NOT an organism?

A Rat

B Tree

C Spider

D Rock

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3 Which of the following is an example of a structure? (Choose all that apply.)

A A bridge

B A bird's wing

C A cat's tail

D A tree's flower

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4 A function is how a structure is used.

True

False

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5 Which structure below is paired with the wrong function?

A Bear fur - keep the bear warm

B Dog's nose - hears noises

C Lion's legs - helps a lion to run quickly

D Bat's wings - helps a bat to fly

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Structure & Function Activity

How do the structures of spoons, knives and forks give them different functions?

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Animal Structure and Function

Return to Table of Contents

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Outside and Inside

Look at the outside of this apple. If you cut it open, what does the inside look like? Do you see different structures?

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External Structures

Structures that are on the outside of an organism are called external structures .

What is an external structure of this apple?

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External Structures

Look at your classmates. What external structures

do you see?

What external structure covers all of our body?

Skin

All organisms have external structures.

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Directions: Match the organism with its external part.

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6 External means outside.

True

False

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7 Which is not an external structure?

A Ear

B Tail

C Heart

D Claw

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External Structures

Every external structure has a function that helps the animal to survive.

What types of things do animals need to be able to do in order to survive? Make a list below:

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Animals Can SeeMost animals have eyes that help them to see what is

happening around them.

Different animals have different types of eyes.

Click above to see how each eye of a chameleon can move in a different direction!

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Animals Can See

Insects have compound eyes. Each dot is a separate eye!

Seastars have an eye (red dot) at the end of each leg.

The shape of a cat's pupil (black part) helps it to focus light and see better.

How does the structure and function of each eye help the animal to survive?

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Animals Can HearAnimals have different types of ears that help them to hear what is happening around them.

Rabbits have large ears that can hear even small sounds. They do not have to turn their heads to hear noises. Their ears can turn while their heads stay still!

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Animals Can Hear

Polar bears have small ears covered with thick fur so that they won't freeze.

The lynx has tufts of hair on its ears that helps it to hear very well.

How does good hearing help an animal to survive?

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The Importance of Grasping

Your teacher is going to pick one student to come up and write their name in the box below.

Was that easy?

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The Importance of Grasping

Now, your teacher is going to put tape on your hand. Try to write your name again.

Was that easy or hard? What was different?

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Animals Can Grasp

In order to survive, it is important for animals to be able to control objects around them.

In order to pick up a marker to write, what did you need to be able to use?

Your thumb!

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Animals Can Grasp

Just like humans, some animals have thumbs so that they can grasp objects around them. Some animals have thumbs on their feet too!

How are these animals using their thumbs?

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8 Eyes are the only external structure that help animals to survive.

True

False

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9 Being able to grasp objects would help an animal to do which of the following? (Choose all that apply.)

A Pick up food

B See clearly

C Climb trees

D Hear dangerous sounds

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Animals Can Move

In order to survive, why is it important for animals to be able to move?

Think of different ways that animals can move. Write your ideas below:

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Animals Can MoveLook at the pictures below and describe how each structure meets the function of movement.

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Animals Can Protect ThemselvesIn order to survive, animals must be able to protect themselves from danger. There are a lot of different types of external structures that help animals to do this.

How does the puffer fish protect itself?

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Animals Can Protect ThemselvesBelow are some examples of external structures that give the function of protection. Can you think of any more?

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Animals Can Eat

One of the most important things that animals must do to survive is to eat.

What structure do we use to eat?

Teeth

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Animals Can Eat

What structures do these animals use to eat?

Sharp teeth at the front help this lion to tear food while flat teeth at the back help him to chew food.

Birds do not chew but use their beaks to break food into small pieces before swallowing it.

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10 The caudal fin is the fin on the tail of a fish. The longer the caudal fin, the faster the fish can swim. Which of these fish is the fastest swimmer?

A B

C D

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11 The sentences below describe the porcupine. Which sentence describes a structure that helps a porcupine to protect itself?

A Porcupine are large, round and slow.

B Porcupines are covered in sharp spines.

C Porcupines climb trees to find food.

D Most of the time, porcupines sleep during the day and come out at night.

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12 Which beak has the structure to help the bird drink nectar from a small tube inside a flower?

A B

C D

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Structures Work TogetherThe structures of animals work together to help them to survive.

Think about eating breakfast. How many different structures do you use to do this?

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Animals Find and Capture Food

Before animals can eat, they must first find and capture their food.

Click below to watch a video of a bald eagle capturing a salmon. What external structures did the eagle use to find and capture the salmon?

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Animals Find and Capture Food

· Eyes - to look for food· Wings - to move to the food· Talons - to grasp the food

The bald eagle used all of these external structures to find and capture the salmon:

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Structures Work TogetherLook at the octopus structures below. How do these structures work together to help the octopus find and eat food?

Suckers

legs

Eyes

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Structures Work Together

Suckers grasp food and taste it to make sure it is something good to eat.

They have very good eyesight to find food.8 legs allow

quick movement to chase food.

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Structures Work Together

On each picture, describe how structures are working together to help the animal to survive.

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Structures Work Together

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Structures Work TogetherLook closely! Describe the structures helping each animal.

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13 Animals can only use one structure at a time to do something.

True

False

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14 A black bear needs his ___ to capture food. (Choose all that apply.)

A eyes

B fur

C claws

D cub

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15 This rat's eyes can help it to ____.

A find food

B hear danger

C see danger

D both A and C

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Build a Monster Activity

Can you build a monster with external structures that help it

to protect you?

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Plant Structure and Function

Return to Table of Contents

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External Structures

Just like animals, plants have many different external structures that help them to survive.

Do you recognize any of these structures?

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Flowers

There are many different shapes and colors of flowers.

How does a flower help a plant to survive? Talk about this with a partner.

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Flowers

Flowers are an important structure for a plant. The flower is where a plant creates pollen in order to create a seed.

This closeup of a hibiscus flower shows all the pollen in the hibiscus flower.

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Flowers sometimes need help to get their pollen to another flower. Can you think of an animal that helps with this? Click the flower to see one example.

Flowers

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Flowers

Many different animals are attracted to the pretty colors and sweet taste of flowers. When they carry pollen from one flower to another, they help the flowers to make seeds.

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After pollen is carried to a different plant, that plant can then make a seed.

What does a seed look like?

(Look at the pictures below for a hint.)

Seeds

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FruitSeeds are carried in fruit. When animals eat the fruit, they carry seeds to new places. After seeds fall into the soil, a new plant can grow.

Seeds can be on the outside

or the inside of the fruit.

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16 All plants have external structures.

True

False

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17 Flowers help a tree to survive because they make ___.

A pollen

B bark

C food

D honey

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18 When bees carry pollen to different plants, the plants can then make ___.

A food

B water

C seeds

D leaves

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19 Why is fruit important to a plant?

A It gives food to the plant.

B It gives food to other animals.

C It protects the plant.

D It holds seeds to make a new plant.

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Activity: Why are Flowers Colorful?

Did you ever wonder why flowers are so colorful? Find our

why in this activity!

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Stems

The stem of a flower supports the flower so that it does not fall over.

Stem

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Stems

The stem also carries food and water to different areas of the plant.

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Stems

Some stems are covered in other external structures that protect the plants. Do you recognize the structures in these pictures?

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Stems

The stem of this tree is covered in something brown and bumpy. Do you know what this is called?

Bark

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Bark

Bark is a thick outer covering of trees. It protects trees from injury the same way our skin protects us. If you remove bark from a tree, it can die!

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How Do Plants Get Food?When we are hungry, we walk into the kitchen to get some food. How do plants get food? Talk about this with a partner.

I'm hungry!

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Leaves

Plants are able to use sunlight to make their own food!

This is what happens in the leaves.

Although there are lots of different leaf shapes, they all do the same thing. Make food!

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Bay Fig TreeWhat do you notice about the external structures of this bay fig tree?

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Bay Fig TreeThis bay fig tree has a lot of large roots.

Can you think of how this would help the tree to survive?

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Roots

All plants have roots. Roots bring water into the plant from the soil. They also help to support the plant.

These roots grow into the ground to bring water to the plant.

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Roots

With all of these large roots, this tree is stable. It will not fall down easily. The roots help to protect it.

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20 Bark is a thick covering of the ___.

A flower

B stem

C roots

D leaves

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21 How does a stem help a plant to survive?

(Choose all that apply.)

A It helps the plant to stand up.

B It provides food for the plant.

C It protects the plant.

D It brings water and food to different parts of the plant.

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22 What is created in this external structure?

A Water

B Bark

C Flowers

D Food

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23 How do the roots of a tree help it to survive?

A It brings water to the tree.

B It creates seeds.

C It supports the tree so that it will not fall down.

D A and C.

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Walking Field Trip: Plant Structures

How many different plant structures can you find around your school?

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Animal and Plant Responses

Return to Table of Contents

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Hot! Hot! Hot!What would happen if you accidentally put your hand on a hot stove burner?

What would your hand do?

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Hot! Hot! Hot!

When your hand touches something hot, it automatically jerks away.

How does our hand know to do this?

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Our bodies are constantly monitoring what is happening around us. When our hand touches something hot, this information is sent to our brain. Next, our brain sends information back to our hand, telling it to pull away.

When our brain takes information and creates an action, it is called a response .

Response

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Our brains create responses to things we · see· hear· touch· taste· smell

Can you think of another name for these?

Our Senses

Response

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Senses

Animals use senses to gather information about their environments. The brain takes this information to make a response.

The sense of touch is very important for a snake. He touches things around him with its tongue.

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Look at this owl.

How can his senses help him to find food?

Senses

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How would this rabbit's senses help it to avoid danger?

Senses

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24 If someone throws a ball at your face, you will close your eyes. This is a response.

True

False

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25 When our brain takes information and creates an action, it is called a ___.

A sense

B structure

C response

D function

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26 Which one is not a sense?

A smell

B move

C sight

D taste

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27 Animals use their sense to react to their environments.

True

False

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Plant Responses

Although plants do not have the same senses as animals do, they are also able to respond to their environment.

What is this plant responding to?

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Plant Responses

This field of sunflowers are able to sense where the sunlight is and to move in order to face the sunlight.

Why is sunlight important to plants?

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Plant ResponsesPlants can also sense gravity.

What part of a plant would want to grow towards the ground?

Why?

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Plant ResponsesClick below to watch a video of radish seeds growing.

Even though the radish seeds were buried in soil, in what direction did all the leaves grow? In what direction did all the roots grow?

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28 Do plants respond to their environment?

Yes

No

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29 Plants respond to sunlight so that they can ___.

A make food

B make water

C see danger

D find insects

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30 Plants respond to gravity so that they can ___.

A make food

B find water

C hide from danger

D hear animals

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Watch how plants respond to sunlight in this demo!

Plant Response Demo

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Design a Solution Activity

Return to Table of Contents

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Our world is filled with amazing animals. Many of these animals have external structures that help them in unique ways.

Can you think of any unique external structures?

Amazing Animals

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Humans Mimic Animals

Sometimes, humans mimic (copy) the structures of animals.

Turtles use their shells for protection. What structure is the baseball player using to protect himself?

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Humans Mimic Animals

Look at this armadillo. It is covered in leathery armor that protects its entire body. Humans mimic this too!

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Humans Mimic Animals

Sheep have thick fur that protects them from the cold. This is something else that humans have mimicked.

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Design a Solution to a Problem

Your task in this activity is to:

Describe your solution on the handout. Be ready to share your idea with the class!

· think of a problem that you would like to solve· think of an animal that has already solved this

problem· design a solution to the problem by mimicking the

animal

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