A MODELING OF READING STRATEGIES INTO THE READING PROCESS FROM A METACOGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE

ARGEMIRO AMAYA BUELVASEspecialista en ELT

C. Magister in Education

A MODELING OF READING STRATEGIES INTO THE READING PROCESS FROM A

METACOGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE

DEFINING CONCEPTS

1. What reading is.

2. Why we read.

3. Skills Vs Strategy

4. Metacognition

– Metacognitive Process

_ The Importance and dimensions of Metacognitive ability

5. Reference Guide to Reading Strategies

6. Exercise – SKIMMING

A MODELING OF READING STRATEGIES INTO THE READING PROCESS FROM A

METACOGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE

Reading is...“the action or skill of reading” (Concise Oxford English Dictionary, 2008, p.1196).

“the skill or activity of getting information from books” (Cambridge International Dictionary of English, 1995, pp. 1178-1179).

“reading” is the construction of meaning from print

(Torgensen, Wagner &Rashotte, 1999).

Reading is...

“the ability to comprehend the thought and feelings of others through the medium of written text” (The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, 1994).

Gibson and Levin (1975) assume that “reading is extracting information from text”.

“Understanding a written text means extracting the required information from it as efficiently as possible” Grellet (1981)

A MODELING OF READING STRATEGIES INTO THE READING PROCESS FROM A

METACOGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE

we read for...“There are two main reasons for reading:

-Reading for pleasure.-Reading for information (in order to find out something or in order to do something with the information you get)” Grellet (1981)

A MODELING OF READING STRATEGIES INTO THE READING PROCESS FROM A

METACOGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE

“Many students enter higher education underprepared for the reading demands that are

placed upon them. When pressed to read, they often select ineffective and

inefficient strategies with little strategic intent (cf. Saumell et al., 1999;Wade et al.,

1990;Wood et al., 1998). Often this is due to their low level of reading strategy

knowledge and lack of metacognitive control (Dreyer, 1998;Strydom, 1997;Van

Wyk, 2001). Another reason might be their inexperience coming from the limited task

demands of high school”.

A MODELING OF READING STRATEGIES INTO THE READING PROCESS FROM A

METACOGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE

Reduce the confusion while offering an analysis that highlights the commonalities and distinctiveness of each term.

Skills are...

“Reading skills are automatic actions that result in decoding and comprehension with speed, efficiency, and fluency and usually occur without awareness of the components or control involved”.

“Reading skills operate without the reader’s deliberate control

or conscious awareness”.

A MODELING OF READING STRATEGIES INTO THE READING PROCESS FROM A

METACOGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE

Reduce the confusion while offering an analysis that highlights the commonalities and distinctiveness of each term.

Strategies are...

“Reading strategies are deliberate, goal-directed attempts to control and modify the reader’s efforts to decode text, understand words, and construct meanings of text”.

“Strategies are conscious, controllable processes used to self-regulate reading for the purpose of attaining a specific cognitive goal (e.g., see Alexander et al., 1998; Pressley, 2000; Trabasso & Bouchard, 2002).

”.

A MODELING OF READING STRATEGIES INTO THE READING PROCESS FROM A

METACOGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE

SKILLS VS STRATEGIES

Skill Strategy

- Product- oriented.

- Process-oriented.

- Instructions focus on ways to help students understand what they read.

- Generally thought to be unobservable.

- A conscious plan under the control of the reader.

- Observable behaviours (answers to questions, answers on tests, skills list, and taxonomies).

A MODELING OF READING STRATEGIES INTO THE READING PROCESS FROM A

METACOGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE

Metacognition

According to O'Malley, et al., "students without metacognitive approaches are essentially learners without direction or opportunity to review their progress, accomplishments, and future directions" (1985, p. 561).

A MODELING OF READING STRATEGIES INTO THE READING PROCESS FROM A

METACOGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE

Metacognition

Metacognition is "cognition about cognition," or "thinking about thinking.”

“an awareness of what skills, strategies, and resources are needed to perform a task effectively; and the ability to use self-regulatory mechanisms to ensure successful completion of a task” (p. 345) .

Metacognitive instruction about how and why to use strategies can be quite effective (NICHD, 2000).

Metacognition

Two dimensions: (1) knowledge of cognition (2) regulation of cognition (Flavell, 1978).

The first aspect of metacognition, "knowledge about cognition," includes three components "declarative," "procedural," and "conditional" (Paris, Lipson, and Wixson, 1983)..

A MODELING OF READING STRATEGIES INTO THE READING PROCESS FROM A

METACOGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE

METACOGNITIVE SKILLS

A MODELING OF READING STRATEGIES INTO THE READING PROCESS FROM A

METACOGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE

Reference Guide to Reading Strategies

• Skimming• Scanning• Topics vs Main Idea• Finding Details• Finding The Main Idea• Inferencing• Supporting Main ideas• Patterns of Organization• Understanding Facts and Opinions• Drawing Conclusions.

Reading: THE TOLL HOUSE INN: SITE OF AN AMERICAN INVENTION

Reading Strategy: SKIMMING

THANK YOU. I DO APPRECIATE YOUR INTEREST.