CHEM1982 (General Applied Chemistry)

Part II Acid-Base equilibria, Solubility equilibria, and

Introduction to Chemical Thermodynamics and

Electrochemistry

Professor: Gilles Villemure

Office: Rm 20 Toole Hall

1st Lecture February 16, 2015

Acids

and

Bases

General Outline

Acid-Base Equilibria (chapter 16)

Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria (chapter 17)

Chemical Thermodynamics (chapter 19)

Electrochemistry (chapter 20)

Solids and Modern Materials (chapter 12, time permitting)

Acids

and

Bases

1) Precipitation Reactions

2 KI + Pb(NO3)2 PbI2 + 2 KNO3

Acids

and

Bases

2) Acid-Base Reactions

NaHCO3 + HCl CO2 + H2O + NaCl

Acids

and

Bases

3) Redox Reactions

Zn + 2 HCl ZnCl2 + H2

Acids

and

Bases

Chapter 16

AcidBase Equilibria

Lecture Presentation

James F. Kirby

Quinnipiac University

Hamden, CT 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Acids

and

Bases

An acid-base reaction (Brnsted-Lowry) is

the transfer of a proton (H+) from one species

(the acid) to another (the base).

Some Definitions

Acids

and

Bases

Some Definitions

BrnstedLowry

An acid is a proton donor.

A base is a proton acceptor.

Acids

and

Bases

A BrnstedLowry acid

must have a removable (acidic) proton.

A BrnstedLowry base

must have a pair of nonbonding electrons.

Acids

and

Bases

If it can be either

it is amphiprotic.

HCO3

HSO4

H2O

Acids

and

Bases

2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

What happens when an acid dissolves in water?

Water acts as a BrnstedLowry base and abstracts a proton (H+) from the acid.

As a result, the conjugate base of the acid and a hydronium ion are formed.

Acids

and

Bases

2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

The term conjugate means joined together as a pair.

Reactions between acids and bases always yield their conjugate bases and acids.

Conjugate Acids and Bases

Acids

and

Bases

Acid and Base Strength