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urK wkqmd;h ^2018 weia;fïka;=& ^ck.ykh oyilg&

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Wmf;a ° „ú; wfmalaIdj ^wjqre≥& ^2018 weia;fïka;=& 71'4

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uQQr®; o< foaYSh ksIamd†;fha jr®Ok fõ.h ^2017 weia;fïka;=&

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tal mqoa., o< foaYSh ksIamd†;h ^2017 weia;fïka;=& tlai;a ckmo fvd,r® 26"300

o< foaYSh ksIamd†;fha wdxYsl ixhq;sh ^2017 weia;fïka;=&lDIslr®uhlr®udka;fiajd

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l=gqïN wdodhfï .sks ix.=Klh ^2013 weia;fïka;=& 26'3

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wmkhk ^2017 weia;fïka;=&tlai;a ckmo fvd,r® ñ,shk 49'29

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2018 ckjd˙ udifha isg §igyk¶ i`.rdj m< jkafka f;uilg jrla nj lreKdfjka i,lkak'

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uQQr®; o< foaYSh ksIamd†;fha jr®Ok fõ.h ^2017 weia;fïka;=&

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l=gqïN wdodhfï .sks ix.=Klh ^2013 weia;fïka;=& 26'3

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l=re÷ l¾udka;fha b;sydih

l=¿nvq ksc ìï fidhd hEu

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f,dalh mqrd m%p,s; j mej;s we;s w;r 15 jk

ishji olajd u wef,laiekaä%%hdfõ isg hqfrdamh

olajd l=re÷ fjf<|du isÿ lrk ,oafoa jekSishdkq

fjf<÷ka úisks' wrdì uqia,sïjreka úiska b;d

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fj; /f.k wd l=re÷ jekSishdkq fjf<÷ka

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b,a¨‍u j¾Okh jQ fõ.hg iß,k mßÈ iemhqu

mj;ajdf.k hEug wrdì fjf<÷ka wfmdfydi;a

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ud¾.hla idod .ekSug;a l=¿nvq fjf<|du ;uka

w;g .ekSug;a fndfyda hqfrdamSh cd;Ska ;=<

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fndfyda fjfyi úh' jiaflda o .dud bkaÈhdj

fidhd .ekSu;a fld<ïnia weußldj fidhd

.ekSu;a fuu jEhfï m%;sm,hs'

mD;=.SiSkaf.a wd.ukh

l=re÷ we;=¿ l=¿nvq fidhd hk .ufka §

wyïnhlska fuka f,dfrkafida o w,afïod we;=¿

mD;=.Sis kdúlhka m<uqj .d¨‍ jrdhg;a fojkqj

1505 fkdjeïn¾ ui 15 jk Èk fld<Ug;a

meñŒu Y%S ,xldfõ b;sydihg hym;a fuka u

whym;a m%;súmdlhka w;a lr ÿka ikaêia:dkhla

f,i i|yka l< hq;= h' mD;=.Sis meñŒug;a

fmr isg u Y%S ,xldfõ rcq hgf;a ixúOdkd;aul

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tï'tia' y÷kaf.a

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m%dfoaYSh ld¾hd,h - ud;r


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Tgqkq me<|ùfï ux.,Hh i|yd bkaÈhdfõ

flar<fha i,d.%duka kï m%foaYfhka /f.k wd

n%dyauKhka y;a fofkl=f.ka mejf;kafka hhs

úYajdi lrkq ,nk i,d.u l=,hg wh;a ckhd

l=re÷ ;e,Su iïnkaO j lghq;= l< w;r Tjqka

úiska ksIamdokh lrk ,o l=re÷ rc;=ud fj;

msßkuk ,È' fuu n%dyauKhka fmdf<dkakrefõ

rclï l< m<uqjk úchndyq rc iufha furgg

meñ‚ njg we;eï .%ka:j, i|yka fõ' mD;=.Siska

furgg meñfKk úg fldaÜfÜ rdcOdksfha

md,lhd jQ O¾u mrdl%undyq rc;=ud jirlg l=re÷

nyr 400la ^nyr 1 lsf,da.a?ï 176'25& Tjqkg

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meñ‚h yels i;=re Wmøjj,ska wdrlaIdj ,nd §ug

mD;=.SiSka tlÕ úh' fï nj rka ikakila

ud¾.fhka rc;=ud úiska mD;=.Sis ksfhdað;hd fj;

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nv m<d;a ;u md,khg hg;a lr .;a miq l=re÷

ksIamdokh úYd, jYfhka by< kexùug Tjqkg

wjYH úh' fï i|yd Tjqka úiska idïm%odhsl

ksIamdok rgdj fjkia lrk ,È' 1518 j¾Ifha Tjqka

úiska fld<U mD;=.Sis n,fldgqjla bÈ lsÍu;a

iuÕ fuf;la uqia,sïjreka iy isxy, rc;=ud w;

mej;s l=re÷ taldêldrh iaÒr jYfhka u ì| jeàu

wdrïN úh' tu.ska Tjqkag l=re÷ fjf<|dfuka

wêl ,dNhla bmhSug wjia:dj Wod úh' ;ukaf.a

fjf<| taldêldrh wdrlaId lr .ekSu i|yd

mD;=.Siska b;d lDDr l%shdj, ksr; ù we;s w;r ;j

o isxy,hka jy¨‍ka f,i fiajfha fhdojd .ksñka

wrdì fjf<| keõ .s,ajd oud we;'

,kafoais wd.ukh

17 jk ishjfia isÿ jQ ,kafoais cd;slhkaf.a

wdishdkq wd.ukh;a iuÕ mD;=.Sis l=re÷

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bÕ=re § ñßia .;a;d jdf.a hk m%isoaO lshuk

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mD;=.Sis fuka u ,kafoaiSka o úúO ieyeislïj,

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fkd ù l=re÷ j.djla f,i wdrïN lsÍug mshjr

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l=re÷ fgdka 270la muK furáka wmkhkh l< o

jd¾Isl j iS>%fhka jeä jQ fjf<|fmd< b,a¨‍u

yuqfõ ;jÿrg;a jkdka;rj,ska muKla ,nd .;a

l=re÷ muKla fhdod .ksñka ksIamdokh l< l=re÷

m%udKj;a fkd jk ;;a;ajhg m;a úh' fï .eg¨‍j

i|yd úi`ÿula bÈßm;a lrk ,oafoa f,dj m%:ufhka

u fldgia fjf<|fmdf<a fldgia ksl=;=jla isÿ

l< fuka u f,dj m%:u nyq cd;sl iud.u f,i

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bkaÈhd fjf<| iud.fï fiajlhl= jQQ o fldla

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jir 8lg miq j ,nd .; yels jQ úYd, l=re÷

ksIamdokh;a iu`. hqfrdamSh fjf<|fmdf<a l=re÷

ñ, my< hEfï wjodkula we;s jQ neúka ;uka

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fï wkqj l=re÷ ksIamdokh ukd ixúOdkhlska

mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd ,kafoaiSka úiska .ï uÜgu

olajd úysÿkq md,k jHqyhla mj;ajd f.k .sh nj

meyeÈ,s fjhs' 1766 fmnrjdß ui 14 jk Èk tjlg

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,kafoaiSka w;r we;s jQ yÕ=rkafl; .súiqu kñka

m%lg .súiqu wkqj o ,xldfõ iY%Sl f,i l=re÷

j.d flreKq nj meyeÈ,s fjhs'

bx.%SiSkaf.a wd.ukh

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,xldfõ uqyqÿ nv fmfoia w;am;a lr .ekSu;a

iuÕ ,kafoaiSka i;= j mej;s l=re÷ taldêldrh

iïmQ¾Kfhka u ì| jegq‚' thska jir 2lg

miq j tkï j¾I 1798 § ´,kao fmrÈ. bkaÈhd

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fya;=fjka iïmQ¾Kfhka u jid oeuq‚' fufia

l=re÷ ksIamdokh ;uka w;g m;a ùu;a iuÕ

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j ;snQQ mdvqj iukh lr .ekSug Tjqyq iu;a jQ y'

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fgdka 1000la muK olajd jeä lr .ekSug bx.%SiSka

iu;a úh' tfia u uOH;k hq.hg jvd hqfrdamSh

fjf<|fmd< jvd mq¿,a j yd m%cd;dka;%sl j mej;s

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ñ,la ;sì‚' fï fya;=fjka l=re÷ ksIamdokhg

w¨‍f;ka rgj,a tla jkakg úh' tfia jqj o 19 jk

ishji uq, mgka cdjd" iqud;%d" uqreish yd .hkd

jeks rgj, o l=re÷ j.dj wdrïN lsÍu fya;=fjka

iemhqu by< .sh w;r ñ, my< hEug fya;=jla

úh' l=re÷ ksIamdokj, ñ, by< uÜgul mej;s

wjÈfha § ñf,ka wvq leIshd flfrys mdßfNda.sl

wjOdkh fhduq jQ w;r hqfrdamSh mdßfNda.slhka

fuu ñ, wvq wdfoaYlhg yqre úh' fuu ;;a;ajh

hgf;a whym;a lsÍug fya;=fjka wdrïNfha isg u

rdcH taldêldrhla j mej;s l=re÷ ksIamdokh 1833

isg ì%;dkHhka úiska w;ayer ouk ,È' flda,anDDla

- leurka m%;sixialrK fhdackd wkqj l=re÷ j;=

fm!oa.,sl wxYhg úl=Kd oeóu fuys m%;sM,hla

úh' 1835 § l=re÷ rd;a;,la is,sx 9 mekai 9la jQ

w;r 1848 fuh is,sx 3 mekai 6la olajd wvq úh'

Y%S ,xldj yd ;r.ldÍ jQ wfkl=;a l=re÷ ksIamdokh

lrk rgj,a yd iei£fï § furg jegqma yd ;Sre

nÿ my< uÜgul mej;=‚' tjlg ;Sre noao

rd;a;,lg is,sx 3la jYfhka mej;=‚' tfy;a miq

j jeú,slrejkaf.a Woaf>daIK fya;=fjka 1841

§ tu noao is,sx 2 olajd wvq lf<ah' tfy;a bka

m,la fkdjQQ w;r 1853 jk úg ;Sre noao

iïmQ¾Kfhka u bj;a lrk ,È' 1840 oYlh w.

Nd.fha ì%;dkHh we;=¿ hqfrdamShhkag n,mE

wd¾Ól w¾nqoh l=re÷ l¾udka;h ;jÿrg;a msßySug

n,mE w;r l=re÷ l¾udka;hg we;s jQ mßydksfhka

f.dv taug ;jÿrg;a fkdyels ;;a;ajhg m;a úh'

1830 j¾Ifha § l=re÷ rd;a;,a ,laI 5la wmkhkh

lr mjqï ,laIhl wdodhula f,i Wmhd .;a; o

1890 jk úg l=re÷ rd;a;,a ,laI 20la wmkhkh

lr wdodhu ,nd f.k ;snqfKa mjqï 91"000la mu‚'

Y%S ,xldj i;= j mej;s l=re÷ taldêldrhka ì| jeàu

fufia ,xldj i;= j mej;=Kqq l=re÷ taldêldrh

ìò jeàu fuhska wdrïN úh' l=re÷ muKla fkd

j wfkl=;a l=¿nvq fnda. i|yd o fuu whym;a

;;a;ajh n,mE w;r fldams" f;a" fldfldajd

jeks kj fnda. ksid tf;la l=re÷ we;=¿ l=¿nvq

i;= j mej;s lsre< wysñ úh' 1850 jif¾ ,xldfõ

uq¿ l=re÷ j.d ìï m%udKh wlalr 50"000la


muK ù we;' 1928 jk úg fuu l=re÷ bvï jeä

m%udKhla fmd,a j.dj i|yd fhoùu fya;=fjka

uq¿ l=re÷ bvï m%udKh wlalr 25"000la muK

olajd wvq ù we;' thska wlalr 14538la .d,a, iy

ud;r Èia;%slalj, o wlalr 8"000la muK ó.uqj

m%foaYfha o úh'

ol=Kq ,l l=re÷ jHdmdrh

lDIsl¾udka;h i|yd ol=Kq m<df;a odhl;ajh

Y%S ,xldfõ cd;sl wdodhug ol=Kq m<df;ka ,efnk

odhl;ajh b;d by< w.hla .kS' lDIsld¾ñl yd

ixpdrl lafIa;% j,g ol=Kq m<df;ka j¾;udkfha

§ b;d by< odhl;ajhla ,nd fok w;r

yïnkaf;dg jrdh" u;a;, .=jkaf;dgqfmd< wd§

w;súYd, jHdmD;s fya;=fjka kqÿre wkd.;fha §

ld¾ñl lafIa;%fha ixj¾Okhla o oel .; yels

jkq we;' tfuka u fld.a., ksoyia fjf<|

l,dmh hkd§ ksoyia fjf<| l,dm ksid ld¾ñl

lafIa;%hg ol=Kq m<df;ka oekgu;a ie,lsh hq;=

odhl;ajhla ,efí' lDIsld¾ñl lafIa;%h ;=< ù"

rn¾" fmd,a iy l=re÷ jeks fnda. m%Odk ;ekla .kS'

;j o" ëjr l¾udka;h i|yd o by< odhl;ajhla

ol=Kq m<df;ka fkd uo j ,efí' Bg wu;r j

Y%S ,xldfõ yslalvqj" WKjgqk" ñßiai" ;x.,a,"

fnkaf;dg iy fld.a., jeks ixpdrl fjr<

;Srhka ol=Kq m<d;g ysñlï mdk neúka ixpdrl

wdl¾IKh b;d by< m<d; njg th b;sydih ;=<

,shù we;' tfuka u mdrïmßl ksIamdok jk îr¿

f¾kao ks¾udK" leghï l,dj" fjia uqyqKq l,dj

ol=Kq m<d; l, t<s lrhs' ol=Kq m<d; m%Odk

jYfhka Èia;%slal ;=klska iukaú; fõ' ta .d,a,

Èia;%slalh" ud;r Èia;%slalh iy yïnkaf;dg

Èia;%slalh jYfhks' .d,a, Èia;%slalfha uq¿

N+ñ m%udKh j¾. lsf,da ógr 1"652la jk w;r

ud;r Èia;%slalh j¾. lsf,da ógr 1"283la iy

yïnkaf;dg Èia;%slalh i|yd j¾. lsf,da ógr

2"609la fõ' ta wkqj ol=Kq m<d; j¾. lsf,da

ógr 5"544lska hqla; jk w;r th Y%S ,xldfõ uq¿

N+ñ m%udKfhka 8'4]la fõ' lDIsl¾u wud;HdxY

uQ,dY%j,g wkqj Y%S ,xldfõ msysá lDIsl¾u l,dm

46 w;=ßka 19la u ol=Kq m<df;a msysgd we;' th

41'3]la ;rï by< odhl;ajhla fõ' ol=Kq m<df;a

lDIsl¾u l,dm jeä jYfhka msysgd we;af;a ud;r

l,dm 8la iy yïnkaf;dg l,dm 7la jYfhks'

ol=Kq m<d; i;= uq¿ N+ñ m%udKfhka fylaghd¾

75"472la wiajoaok ,o l=Uqre jk w;r tys m%;sY;h

13'4]ls' ms<sfj<ska f;a 10'0]" rn¾ 1'9]" fmd,a 7'8]"

l=re÷ 3'6] jYfhka lDIsld¾ñl fNda. ;=< bvï

mßyrK rgdjla oel .; yelsfõ'

ol=Kq m<d; ;=< l=re÷ j.dfõ jHdma;sh

2016 ixLHd f,aLkj,g wkqj" ol=Kq m<df;a l=re÷

j.d lr we;s ìï m%udKh fylaghd¾ 21"688la

fõ' fuhska M, ork ìï m%udKh fylaghd¾

20"095la jk w;r M, fkdork ìï m%udKh

fylaghd¾ 1"592la mu‚' jeä u odhl;ajh l=re÷

i|yd ,nd fokq ,nkafka .d,a, Èia;%slalfhks'

th fylaghd¾ 12"093la jk w;r ol=Kq m<df;a

l=re÷ j.d lrk uq¿ ìï m%udKfhka 55'8]la

fõ' ol=Kq m<df;a ud;r Èia;%slalfha fylaghd¾

6"677l l=re÷ j.djla we;s w;r th ol=Kq m<df;a

l=re÷ j.d lrk uq¿ ìï m%udKfhka 30'8]la

muK fõ' yïnkaf;dg Èia;%slalh l=re÷ j.dj

i|yd ol=Kq m<d;g wju odhl;ajhla ,nd

fokq ,nk w;r" th fylaghd¾ 2"918la fõ' tys

m%;sY;h 13'4]la fõ' .d,a, Èia;%slalfha m%dfoaYSh

f,alï fldÜGdi w;=ßka lrkafoksfha fylaghd¾

3"934l o n,msáfha fylaghd¾ 1"491l o

wïn,kaf.dv fylaghd¾ 1"563l o l=re÷ j.d flf¾'

th j.d flfrk uqΩ¿ bvï m%udKfha m%;sY;hla

jYfhka ms<sfj<ska 34'9]" 13'2]" 13'9]la fõ' ta

wkqj j.d flfrk uqΩ¿ bvï m%udKfhka 62]l

odhl;ajh orkq ,nkafka .d,a, Èia;%slalfha

m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdi 3lsks' ud;r Èia;%slalfha


jeä u odhl;ajh uq,áhk fylaghd¾ 976 la o

wl=/iai fylaghd¾ 546la o lUqremsáh fylaghd¾

759 la o hkd§ jYfhks' fuu m%dfoaYSh f,alï

fldÜGdi ;=k ud;r Èia;%slalfha l=re÷ M, ork

ìï m%udKfhka 38'6]la i|yd odhl;ajhla imhkq

,nhs' yïnkaf;dg Èia;%slalfha M, orK l=re÷ ìï

m%udKh j,iauq,af,a fylaghd¾ 1"541 la o lgqjk

fylaghd¾ 875 la o la jk w;r yïnkaf;dg

Èia;%slalfha l=re÷ ksIamdok N+ñ m%udKh

82'8]ls' 2016 jir i|yd .d,a, Èia;%slalfha uq¿

l=re÷ wiajekak lsf,da .%eï 8"620"829la jk

w;r lrkafoksh m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdifha

lsf,da .%eï 1"944"000 la o noafoa.u m%dfoaYSh

f,alï fldÜGdifha lsf,da .%eï 1"035"000 la

o wïn,kaf.dv m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdifha

lsf,da .%eï 1"737"675la o fõ' th .d,a,

Èia;%slalfha uq¿ l=re÷ wiajekafkka 54'7]la

muK fõ' 2016 jif¾ ud;r Èia;%slalfha l=re÷

wiajekak lsf,da .%eï 8"360"357 la jQ w;r bka

lsf,da .%eï 2"711"500 la miaf.dv m%dfoaYSh f,alï

fldÜGdifhka o lsf,da .%eï 2"169"000la uq,áhk

m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdifhka o ,enqKs' tu

m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdi foflys odhl;ajh

58'4]la fõ' lsf,da .%eï 2"140"525la jQ yïnkaf;dg

Èia;%slalfha wiajekafkka lsf,da .%eï 1"142"700la

j,iauq,a, m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdifhka ,enqKq

w;r lsf,da .%eï 649"200la ;x.,a, m%dfoaYSh

f,alï fldÜGdifhka ,enqKs' th 83'7] la ;rï

by< odhl;ajhls'

ûQ,dY%h ( ixLHdk ksnkaOkh 2016&

l=re÷ fNda.fha jeo.;alu

l=re÷ Ydlh iodyß; nyqjd¾Isl fnda.hla fia

ie,fla' th Y%S ,xldjg wdfõ‚l fnda.hla jk w;r"

th —‍iskfudauï fõrï˜‍ ^Cinnamomum Verum Presl& úfYaI f,df¾isfha l=,hg iy iskfudakï

.Khg wh;afõ' Y%S ,xldfõ jd‚c uÜgfuka j.d

lrk l=re÷j,ska m%uqL;djfha ,d ie,flkafka

—‍iskfudauï fõrï˜‍ hk j¾.h fõ' l=re÷ ioyd

u wdfõ‚l jQ kejqï iqj|" l=re÷ ksIamdokfha

.=Kd;aul nj ;SrKh lrk idOlhls' tys j¾Kh

,d ÿUqre meyefha isg jo r;= meyeh olajd úys§ mj;S'

Y%S ,xldfõ l=re÷ f,dal fjf<ofmd< olajd

f.k hdug ienE l=re÷ rih bjy,a ù we;'

.=Kd;aul nj ;SrKh lrk wfkl=;a idOl

jkafka l=re÷ l+re ioyd 14]lg fkd jeä iy

wfkl=;a l=re÷ ksIamdok ioyd 12] lg fkd jeä

f;;ukhla iy l=re÷ l+re ioyd úh,s nfrka

1] la iy wfkl=;a l=re÷ ksIamdokj, 0'7]l

jdIamYS,S f;,a m%;sY;hla mej;Su" weiqreï

ld,h udi 12la fkd blauùu iy weiqreï

lsÍfï § msßisÿ úh,s >k frÈ" lvodis fyda fmd,s;Ska

Ndú; lsÍu hkdÈh fõ' m%Odk l=re÷ ksIamdok

f,i ie,flkafka l=re÷ fmd;= l+re" l+re len,s"

fmd;= len,s iy l=re÷ fld<$fmd;=$uq,a hkdÈh

Ndú;lr ,nd .;a l=re÷ f;,a fõ' úfYaIfhka u Y%S

,xldfõ .DydY%s; wdydr msiSfï § l=¿ nvqjla f,i

l=re÷ Ndú;hg .kS' tfia u flala" me‚ri lEu

hkdÈh ie§fï § rildrlhla f,i o l=re÷ Ndú;

lrkq ,nhs' tfia u oka; frda.S ;;a;ajhka iukh

lsÍu ioyd idïm%odhsl fnfy;la f,i o l=re÷

f;,a Ndú;h isÿ fõ' ta wkqj oka; T!IO ioyd

o l=re÷ Ndú; lrkq ,nhs' l=re÷ b;du;a fi!LH

iïmkak úIîc kdYlhla jkjd fuka u l=re÷

l=vq mdkhla f,i .ekSu o fi!LHhg ys;lr fõ'

ta wkqj j¾;udkfha f,dalfha fjf<ofmd<j,

l=re÷ f;a ^Cinnamon Tea& mdßfNda.slhka w;r

b;d ckm%sh f;a j¾.hls' l=re÷ f;a Y%S ,dxlsl

ck;dj w;r o ckm%sh mdkhla ù we;' l=re÷j,

we;s .=Kd;aul ;;a;ajh mokï lr f.k úúO

frda. ioyd T!IO fm;s jYfhka o Ndú; fõ'

úfYaIfhka fldf,iagfrda,a wvq lsÍu fuu.ska isÿ

jk njg o úYajdihla mj;S' ;j o l=re÷j, we;s

m%ikak iqj| fya;=fjka iqj| ú,jqka ksmoùfï §


b;d wêl f,i l=re÷ Ndú;h isÿ fõ' flfia jqj o

f,dal fjf<ofmdf<ys l=re÷ wf,úfhka 85]la u

leIshd l=re÷ jk w;r b;sß 15] i;H l=re÷j,g

ysñ fõ' i;H l=re÷ wf,úfhka 90]l m%udKhlg

u Y%S ,xldj odhl fõ'

Y%S ,xldfõ jd¾Isl l=re÷ ksIamdokh" wmkhk m%udK yd jákdlï

l=re÷ wmkhk m%udKh iy jákdlu ms<snò j

Èia;%sla jYfhka fjka jQ o;a; uQ,hla fkdue;s

ùu wvqmdvqjls' ta wkqj" Y%S ,xldfõ jd¾Isl l=re÷

2016 j¾Ifha § Y%S ,xldfjka fulaisfldajg

weußldkq fvd,¾ ñ,shk 69'3l jákdlulska hq;=

l=re÷ wmkhkh lr we;s w;r" th Y%S ,xldfjka

fulaisfldajg hjkq ,nk wmkhk tl;=fjka

52'43] la ;rï by< w.hla .kS' flfia jqj o miq.sh

jir lsysmh i<ld ne,Sfï § 2012 j¾Ifha §

67'5] la jQ fuu m%;sY;h l%ul%ufhka 52'43]la

olajd my; jeà we;' tfy;a fulaisfldaj i|yd

wmkhk jákdlu idudkH ;;a;ajfha mj;S' Y%S

,xldfõ iuia; l=re÷ wmkhkfhka 43'57]la

;rï úYd, m%udKhla 2016 § fulaisfldaj úiska

ñ,§ f.k we;' fojkqj l=re÷ wmkhkfhka

j¾Ih ksIamdokh ^fu'fgd'& wmkhk m%udK ^fu'fgd'& jákdlï ^t'c'fvd' ñ,shk&

2011 18"250 13"747 121'18

2012 17"165 14"762 129'53

2013 17"500 14"148 132'39

2014 17"600 13"949 132'28

2015 17"707 13"828 131'18

2016 18"945 14"946 159'07

j.=j 1 ( jd¾Isl l=re÷ ksIamdokh" wmkhk m%udKh iy jákdlu

uQ,h( Y%S ,xldfõ iudc wd¾Ól o;a; 2017" Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j

ksIamdokh" wmkhk m%udKh iy jákdlï ms<sn|

úia;r my; j.=fõ oelafõ'

wmkhk ixj¾Ok uKav,fha f;dr;=rej,g wkqj

2016 weußldkq fvd,¾ ñ,shk 159'07la jQ l=re÷

wmkhkh f,dalfha l=re÷ wmkhk m%;sY;hla

f,i 32'9]l w.hla .kq ,eî h' tfia u th

f,dalfha l=re÷ wmkhk fY%%a‚.; lsÍï wkqj wxl

1ys ,d ie,fla' fuu l=re÷ wmkhkh jákdlu Y%S

,xldfõ uq¿ wmkhk jákdlfuka 1'42] ls' fuu

l=re÷ wmkhkfhka 80]la u f,dalfha m%Odk

fjf<ofmd<j,a iòyd wmkhkh lrkq ,nhs' Y%S

,xldfjka l=re÷ wdkhkh lrk m%Odk rgj,a

jkqfha fulaisfldaj" weußld tlai;a ckmoh"

fmare" fldf,dïìhdj" blajfodarh iy fn,aðhu

fõ' fulaisflda cd;Ska ^mD;=.SiSka& l=re÷ uq,ska

u fidhd .ekSu;a" tl, isg Ndú;hg .ekSu;a"

Tjqkaf.a ish¨‍ u lEu îu ioyd l=re÷ tl;= lr

.ekSu;a mqreoaola ù we;' Tjqka l=re÷ flfrys jeä

b,a¨‍ula oelaùug th fya;= ù we;'

jeä u m%udKhla ñ,§ .kq ,enqfõ weußld

tlai;a ckmohhs' th m%;sY;hla jYfhka l=re÷

wmkhkfhka 18'7]la jk w;r jákdlu tlai;a

ckmo fvd,¾ ñ,shk 24'97la fõ'

Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ 2017 jd¾Isl jd¾;dfõ

oelafjk mßÈ l=re÷" lrdUqkeá iy .ïñßia

wmkhkj, by< l%shdldß;ajh fya;=fjka l=¿nvq

wmkhk wdodhu tlai;a ckmo fvd,¾ ñ,shk

406 lska tkï 28]lska lemS fmfkk j¾Okhla

fmkajd we;' ;j o" 2017 j¾Ifha § wmkhk mßud

by< hEu iy idudkH ñ, .Kka by< uÜgul

mej;Su fya;=fjka l=re÷ wmkhk wdodhu 27'4]

lska j¾Okh úh'

l=re÷ ksIamdokh

l=re÷ fmd;= .,jd l=re÷ l+re f,i ilid

fjf<|fmd<g bÈßm;a lsÍu Y%S ,xldjg wdfõ‚l

l%ufõohla fõ' fufia l=re÷ ksIamdokh

Y%S ,xldfõ l=re÷j, wkkH;dj wdrlaId lsÍug


fya;=jla ù we;' iajdNdúl ;;a;ajhka hgf;a

l=re÷ .i ógr 10 - 15 olajd Wilg jefvk

w;r" lfòys jg m%udKh fikaá ógr 60 - 75

olajd j¾Okh fõ' idudkHfhka úh<s foaY.=‚l

l,dm l=re÷ j.djg fhda.H fkd fõ' úfYaIfhka

my;rg w;s r;= ÿUqre ,egfmd,sla iy wmr‚;

ÿUqre f,dau mi l=re÷ j.djg fhda.H mils' t

fia u r;= iy fmdâfid,sl mi o l=re÷ j.djg

fhda.H fõ' jvd;a WÑ; WIaK;aj mrdih jkqfha

fi,aishia wxYl 250-300 olajd fõ' tfuka u

jd¾Isl j¾Idm;kh ñ,s ógr 1"875 isg 3"750 olajd

mrdih l=reÿ j.dj i|yd iqÿiq fõ'

l=re÷ fmd;af;a" fld<fha iy kgqfõ ri iy ier

.;sh wkqj —‍idïm%odhsl l=re÷ o¾Y˜‍ 5ls' tajd kï

me‚ ñßia l=re÷" me‚ ri l=re÷" fij, l=re÷"

lyg l=re÷ iy ;s;a; l=re÷ jYfhks' kuq;a jd‚c

uÜgfuka isÿ lrkq ,nk j.djka i|yd jvd;a

iqÿiq me‚ ñßia l=re÷ iy me‚ ri l=re÷ hk o¾Y

fol h' ;j o" l=re÷ m;%fha yevh wkqj y÷kd .;a

i;H l=re÷ j¾. 7la fjhs' tajd kï idudkH l=re÷

m;% yevh" úYd, m;% yevh" l=vd rjqï m;% yevh"

úYd, rjqï m;% yevh" idudkH m;% we;=<g jl%"

flá isyska m;% yevh iy È. isyska m;% hkqfjks'

.=Kd;aul iy by< wiajekaklska hq;a l=re÷

jrK y÷kd .ekSu i|yd wmkhk lDIsl¾u

fomd¾;fïka;=j úúO m¾fhaIK isÿ lrkq ,nhs'

ta wkqj" Y%S .euqKq iy Y%S úch hk jrK oel .;

yels h'

l=re÷ ieliSu

l=re÷ ieliSu ukd oekqulska m<mqreoaolska

l< hq;= lghq;a;la fõ' l=re÷ j.dlrejka

j.=j 2( wmkhk ixhq;sh

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lDIsldr®ñl wmkhk 2,326.1 22.6 2,767.2 24.4 441.1 19.0 42.0f;a 1,269.0 12.3 1,529.8 13.5 260.8 20.5 24.8rnr® 32.7 0.3 38.9 0.3 6.3 19.1 0.6fmd,a 366.0 3.5 347.9 3.1 -18.1 -4.9 -1.7l=Ωnvq 317.1 3.1 406.2 3.6 89.2 28.1 8.5t<jΩ 26.5 0.3 28.5 0.3 2.0 7.5 0.2ilia fkd l< ≥ïfld< 31.2 0.3 36.5 0.3 5.3 17.1 0.5iqΩ lDIsldr®ñl ksIamd†; 114.1 1.1 138.7 1.2 24.6 21.6 2.3uqyq≥ wdydr 169.6 1.6 240.6 2.1 71.0 41.9 6.8

ldr®ñl wmkhk 7,940.1 77.0 8,541.9 75.2 601.8 7.6 57.3fr†ms<s yd weÛÆï 4,884.1 47.4 5,031.9 44.3 147.9 3.0 14.1rnr® ksIamd†; 767.9 7.4 835.4 7.4 67.5 8.8 6.4Lksc f;,a ksIamd†; 286.9 2.8 434.3 3.8 147.5 51.4 14.0ue◊la" †huka;s yd iajr®KdNrK 273.9 2.7 257.5 2.3 -16.4 -6.0 -1.6wdydr" mdk jr®. yd ≥ïfld< 323.7 3.1 392.7 3.5 69.0 21.3 6.6hka;%iQ;% yd hdka;%sl WmlrK 317.6 3.1 370.8 3.3 53.2 16.7 5.1uqøK lr®udka;h wdY%s; ksIamd†; 42.4 0.4 48.8 0.4 6.5 15.3 0.6m%jdyk WmlrK 131.5 1.3 162.3 1.4 30.8 23.4 2.9iï NdKav" ixpdrl NdKav yd mdjyka 165.6 1.6 158.4 1.4 -7.2 -4.4 -0.7msÛka ueá ksIamd†; 34.4 0.3 33.7 0.3 -0.7 -1.9 -0.1wfkl=;a ldr®ñl wmkhk 712.2 6.9 816.1 7.2 103.8 14.6 9.9

Lkscuh wmkhk 29.0 0.3 34.5 0.3 5.5 19.0 0.5jr®. fkd l< wmkhk 14.5 0.1 16.9 0.1 2.3 16.0 0.2

uqΩ wmkhk ^wd& ^we& 10,309.7 100.0 11,360.4 100.0 1,050.7 10.2 100.0jdr®Isl idudkH úksuh wkqmd;h ^wE& 145.60 152.46

uQ,hka( ,xld Lksc f;,a kS;s.; ixia:dj yd fjk;a Lksc f;,a ksIamd†; wmkhklrejka

cd;sl ue◊la yd iajr®KdNrK wêld˙h YS% ,xld fr®.=j YS% ,xld uy nexl=j

^w& ;djld,sl^wd& m%;s wmkhk we;=<;a fkd fõ'^we& .<mk ,o ^wE& úksuh wkqmd;h( t'c' fvd,rhg remsh,a

Wmqgd .ekSu( Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j - jd¾Isl jd¾;dj 2017

10 2019 wfm%%a' - cQQks

fndfyduhla isáh o l=re÷ ieliSu i|yd oekqula

iy m<mqreoaola iys; mqoa.,hka isákqfha b;d

w;f,diaila mu‚' tneúka l=re÷ ilia lsÍu

i|yd wêl úhoula oeÍug l=re÷ ksIamdolhdg

isÿ fõ' idudkHfhka l=re÷ ieliSug .kakd

WmlrK jkqfha lmk le;a;" ;,k fldle;a;"

ms;a;, oKav" l;=r" weÕs,s fldmqj" ^fm;s fldagqj&

ñkqï oKav iy iQrk fldle;a; fõ'

l=re÷ ieliSug .kakd WmlrK

l=re÷ ieliSfï § uQ,sl j l=reÜg iSÍu isÿ l<

hq;= fõ' wk;=re j ms;a;, oKafvka ue§u isÿ lr

.; hq;= h' ms;a;, oKafvka ue§u b;d fjfyilr

l%shdjla jk w;r" úfYaIfhka u l=re÷ ;e,Su

wmyiq ld,hkays § tkï l=re÷ .fia w¨‍f;ka o¿

fyda u,a we;s ld,fha § th jvd;a fjfyilr h' È.=

úh,s ld,j,§;a ms;a;, oKafvka ueo fmd;= nqre,a

lr .ekSu i|yd jeä wdhdihla oeÍug isÿ fõ'

iuyrúg i;s lsysmhlg l=re÷ ;e,Su w;aysgqùug

isÿ fõ' fmd;a; lemSug iqÿiq uÜgug ueo .;a miq

fmd;a; lemSu isÿ l< yels h' lmd .;a fmd;a;

l¢ka fjka lr .,jd .ekSfuka wk;=re j ikaê

lsÍu iy l+re msrùu isÿ l< yels h' wjidk

jYfhka lmd .;a l+re ieliSu ^nv weUÍu isÿ

l< yels h'&

úia;rh Y%S .euqKq Y%S úch

fmd;= wiajekak ^lsf,da .%Eï$fylaghdr& 1200 - 1300 1600 - 1800

fmd;= f;,a ] 3'2 - 3'6 1'4 - 1'6

fld< f;,a ] 3'6 - 3'9 2'9 - 3'1

fmd;af;ys wvx.= iskue,aä ] 80'0 - 83'0 50'0 - 55'0

fld<j, wvx.= bhqðfkda,a ] 88'0 - 92'7 90'0 - 94'0

j.=j 3( jeä ÈhqKq lrk ,o Y%S .euqKq yd Y%S úch jrK foflys úfYaI ,laIK

ûQ,dY%h - ;dlaI‚l m%ldYkh 5 - wmkhk lDIsl¾u fomd¾;fïka;=j&


l=re÷ ksIamdokh i|yd w¾: oelaùu

wka;¾ cd;sl m%ñ;Ska y÷kd .ekSu i|yd my;

i|yka w¾: oelaùï Ndú; lr we;'

1' l=re÷ l+r îïmQ¾K l+re&

fyd¢ka fudark ,o l=re÷ j.djlska ,nd .;a

l|kaj, msg; iqUq< iQrd .,jd fjka lr .;a

we;=<; fmd;a; tl u; tl ;nd ikaê lr.;a

l+re h' fïjdfha we;=<; l=yrh tu l=re÷ j¾.fha

u l=vd len,s j,ska mqrjd mjfka fõ,d f.k

;sìh hq;= h' l+rl È. fikaá ógr 105 ^¬$- 5& úh

hq;= fõ' l=re÷ l+re miq j fY%%a‚j,g fjka lrkq

,efí'

2' lemQ l=re÷ l+re

kshñ; È.lg lmd flá lr .;a l=re÷ l+re fõ'

iïmQ¾K l=re÷ l+re f,ig u fY%%a‚ lrkq ,efí'

3' l=re÷ l+re len,s îïmQ¾K l+rej, levqK

fldgi&

iïmQ¾K l=re÷ l+rej,ska levqKq úúO

úYd,;ajfhka hq;= È. ñ,s ógr 200g wvq fldgia

yd m;=re fï hg;g .efka' fuys 5]la olajd nr

wkqj f*oßka iy fmd;= len,s wvx.= úh yels h'

fjk;a ndysr øjH 2]lg jvd wvx.= fkd úh hq;= h'

4' f*oßkaia

l=re÷ l+re ilia lsÍfï § l=re÷ fmd;af;ka leã

hk l=vd fldgia h' fuys 10]la olajd nr wkqj

fmd;= len,s wvx.= úh yels h' fjk;a ndysr øjH

2]g jvd wvx.= fkd úh hq;= h'

5' fmd;= len,s

fïrE" ;o" .e,aúh fkd yels msg; iqUq, iys;

fld< ñY% ÿUqre meye;s fmd;= fï kñka y÷kajhs'

fuh fldagqj,ska .,jd .; fkd yels ksid iQrd

fjka lr .; hq;=h' fuys fjk;a ndysr øjH 2]g

jvd wvx.= fkdúh hq;= h'

ûQ,dY%h - ;dlaI‚l m%ldYkh 5 - wmkhk lDIsl¾u fomd¾;fïka;=j&

lmk le;a; ;,k fldle;a;

l;=r

iQQrk fldle;a;we`.s,s fldmqj ms;a;, oKav

^fm;s fldagqj& ñkqï oKav

Page 14 of 20

කර ල ලංළවසන ම ලංද ලංමතව ලංකරටට ලංසනරභ ලංසද ලංවශ ලංයත ක. ලංතනතර ලංපතවර ලංදණ ඩන ලංභළදභ ලංසද ලංවය ලංනව ලං

යතඹ. ලංපතවර ලංදණ ඩන ලංභළදභ ලංඉවහ ලං වවය ලංඹහ ත ලංන ලංතවය, ව ල ඹනභ ලංකර ල ලංවළලභ ලංතඳවස ලං

වහරඹනහ ලං ද ලං එනම ලංකර ල ලං න ලං තළ වන ලං දළ ලං වය ලං භල ලංතස ලංවහර ේ ලං ද ලං ක. ලං දග ලං වඹත ලංවහර ලං රදත ලං

පතවර ලංදණ ඩන ලංභළද ලං ඳොත ලංබරල ලංවය ලංනළනභ ලංවහ ලංළඩ ලංආඹහඹ ත ලංදළරභට ලංසද ක. ලංභවයවට ලං ලංස ලං

කහඳඹවට ලං කර ල ලං වළලභ ලං තතහටවභට ලං සද ලං ක. ලං ලං දළන ලං ඳොතව ලං වළපභට ලං සදස ලං භටටභට ලං භළද ලං නත ලං ඳස ලං

ඳොතව ලංවළපභ ලංසද ලංවශ ලංවළකඹ. ලංවඳහනත ලං ඳොතව ලංවඳන ලං න ලංවය ලංනරහ ලංනළන මන ලංතනතර ලංනධ ලං

කරභ ලංව ලංකර ලංපයවභ ලංසද ලංවර ලංවළකඹ. ලංතහන ලංල ඹන ලංවඳහනත ලංකර ලංළවසනභ ලං(ඵඩ ලංතමරභ ලංසද ලංවර ලං

වළකඹ.)

කරඳ නපඳදනඹ සහ අරථ දකවභ

තනවෂ ලංජහසව ලං‍රමතන ලංව ලනහ ලංනළනභ ලංවහ ලංඳවව ලංවන ලංතෂ ථ ලංදළ තවම ලංබහවවහ ලංවය ලංතව.

1. කරඳ කය (සමපර කර

වොඳන ලං භයයන ලංරද ලංකර ල ලං නහකන ලංරඵහ ලං නත ලංවනහ ලං

පටව ලං සඹශ ලං සයහ ලං නරහ ලං න ලංවය ලං නත ලංතතශව ලං ඳොතව ලං

එව ලං භව ලං එව ලං වඵහ ලං නධ ලං වයනත ලං කර ලං ය. ලං මහ ේ ලං

තතශව ලංකහයඹ ලංඑභ ලංකර ල ලංෂ න ේ ලංභ ලංකඩහ ලංවළඵත ලංතන ලං

පයහ ලං ඳ න ලං කරහ නන ලං සබඹ ලං යතඹ. ලං කයව ලං දන ලං .ම. ලං

105 + / - 5 ලං වඹ ලං යත ක. ලං කර ල ලං කර ලං ඳස ලං දළ ත න ලං

ආවහයඹට ලං ‍ර ණ ලංරට ලං න ලංවයන ලංරළ ේ.

2. කප කරඳ කර

නඹමව ලං දනවට ලං වඳහ ලං වට ලං වය ලං නත ලං කර ල ලං කර ලං ක. ලං

මපෂ ා ලංකර ල ලංකර ලං රටභ ලං ‍ර ණ ලංවයන ලංරළ ේ.

3. කරඳ කර කඵල (සමපර කරර කඩ යකොටස

මපෂ ා ලංකර ල ලංකර ලංතන ලංවළඩණ ලංවවධ ලංවලහරත ඹන ලංයත ලංදන ලංම. ලංම. ලං200ට ලංතඩ ලං වොටස ලංවහ ලංඳතර ලං ම ලං

ඹටවට ලංනළ න. ලං භහ ලං5% ත ලංද තහ ලංඵය ලංතන ලං ෂදරන ලංව ලං ඳොත ලංවළඵත ලංතඩාග ලංවඹ ලංවළකඹ. ලං නත ලංබහහය ලං

ද‍රය ලං2%වට ලංඩහ ලංතඩාග ලං නොවඹ ලංයතඹ.

4. යෆදරනස

කර ල ලංකර ලංවස ලංකර ම ලංද ලංකර ල ලං ඳොත වන ලංවළඩ ලංඹන ලංකඩහ ලං වොටසඹ. ලං භහ ලං10% ත ලංද තහ ලංඵය ලංතන ලං

ඳොත ලංවළඵත ලංතඩාග ලංවඹ ලංවළව. ලං නත ලංබහහය ලංද‍රය ලං2%ට ලංඩහ ලංතඩාග ලං නොවඹ ලංයතඹ.

12 2019 wfm%%a' - cQQks

6' wUrk ,o l=re÷

ndysr wmøjHj,ska f;dr wUrk ,o l=re÷j,ska

,nd .kakd l=vq h'

7' iïmQ¾K l=re÷

l=re÷ l=vq yer fjf<|fmdf<ys we;s wfkl=;a

ish¨‍ u l=re÷ ksIamdok fuf,i y÷kajhs'

8' u,a f.drye`ä yd f.drye`ä

l=re÷ l+rej, u;=msg yg .kakd r;= ÿUqre meye;s

mq,a,s fï kñka ye¢kafõ' fïjd miq j ;o ÿUqre

meye;s ,m njg m;aúh yels h' túg tajd f.drye`ä

kñka ye¢kafõ'

9' l=re÷ ñá

wmkhkh lsÍu i|yd tl u fY%%a‚hlg wh;a l+re

tlg ;nd iqÿiq øjHhlska n`Èk ,o l=re÷ l+re

ñáhla fuf,i y÷kajhs' fuu ñáhl Wi yd nr

iïu;j,g wkql+, úh hq;= h' ^Wi fikaá ógr

105 ^¬$- 5& nr lsf,da .%Eï 45 fyda 25la úh hq;= h'&

ûQ,dY%h - ;dlaI‚l m%ldYkh 5 - wmkhk

lDIsl¾u fomd¾;fïka;=j&

l=re÷ j.dj iy ksIamdokfha § uqyqK §ug isÿ ù we;s wNsfhda.

1'msßjeh by< hdu

Y%S ,xldfõ l=re÷ j.dfõ kv;a;= iy ksIamdok

ieliSï iy fhojqï msßjeh by< hEfï

m%jK;djla mj;S' úfYaIfhka fmdfydr ñ, by<

hEu" ieliSfï Y%u msßjeh by< hEu m%Odk fõ'

úfYaIfhka l=re÷ ;,kakkaf.a oeä ysÕhla mj;S'

j¾;udkfha fylaghd¾ 33"000l muK jk l=re÷

j.dj i|yd o< jYfhka mqyqKq l=re÷ ;,kakka

30"000 la muK isà' kuq;a wju jYfhka l=re÷

;,kakka 50"000la muK fï i|yd wjYH

fõ' úfYaIfhka Y%u fjf<|fmdf<a mj;akd

úúOdx.SlrKh jQ fjf<|fmd< wjia:d fya;=fjka

ol=Kq ,l uqyqo ;Srh mqrd úisÍ isá ;reK Y%ñlhka

bka bj;a j hk ;;a;ajhla oel .; yels h' fuu

/lshdj i|yd t;rï ms<s.ekSula fkdue;s ùu o

Tjqka tu /lshdfjka wE;a ùug n,md we;' fuu

Y%ñlhkaf.a fiajh ksIamdokfha m%ñ;sh mj;ajd

.ekSu i|yd w;HjYH idOlhla fõ'

uE; oYlh ;=< l=re÷ j.dlrejkaf.a l=re÷

ksIamdokh i|yd jk wNsfma%rKh iy wjOdkh

l%ufhka ySk ù hk ;;a;ajhla oel .; yels h'

ksIamdokh i|yd jk msßjeh l%u l%ufhka by<

hEfuka l=re÷ ksIamdokfha w.h jeä lrkakka

i|yd m%udKd;aul jdis iy iyfhda.h fkd

,eîu;a fuhg fya;= ù ;sfí' tfuka u wmf.a

l=re÷ ksIamdok ñ,§ .kakka i;= j we;s oeä

flaj,a lsÍfï Yla;sh iy mj;akd l%ufha we;s

ÿ¾j,;d fya;=fjka oeÍug isÿ ù we;s wu;r msßjeh

wdjrKh lr .ekSfï bvlv fndfyda iSudiys;

ù we;' tneúka Èfkka Èk l=re÷ ksIamdokfhka

ksIamdolhka wE;a ùula oel .; yels h'

2' há;, myiqlï wvq nj

rg mqrd l=re÷ j.dlrejka 250"000l m%udKhla

úys§ isáh o fufia j.d lrk fndfyda ìï whs;s

jkafka wvq j.d ìï ysñhkag h' fujka wvq

j.d ìï ysñhkag ;uka úiska fk<d .kakd ,o

l=re÷ ksIamdok ieliSfï § wmøjHj,ska f;dr

j msßisÿ .=Kd;aul núka by< l=re÷ ksIamdokh


lr .ekSug wjYH há;, myiqlï uò nj oeä

.eg¨‍jla ù we;' tneúka ksIamdokh lrkq ,nk

l=re÷j, .=Kd;aul nj flfrys fuh oeä j n,md

hs'

3' w.h tl;= lsÍfï we;s wvqmdvq

Y%S ,xldfõ l=re÷ wmkhkh lsÍfï § w.h tl;=

l< ksIamdokhka jYfhka we;af;a ksIamdÈ; 2-3ls'

kuq;a l=re÷ nyq úO wjYH;djka i|yd Ndú; lrkq

,nk fnda.hls' kuq;a m%udKj;a ;rï ksIamdÈ;hka

mrdihla fkdue;s ùu wNsfhda.hls' l=re÷ i|yd

kj l%ufõohka m%uqL;d.; lsÍu fuka u kj

fjf<|fmd< wxY fidhd hdu wNsfhda.hls'

4' ;;a;ajfhka nd, l=re÷ fjf<|fmd< wdl%uKh

m%ñ;sfhka by< fydò j¾.fha l=re÷ ksIamdokfhka

neyer ù m%ñ;sfhka nd, l=re÷ fjf<|fmd<g

tùfï m%jK;djla uE; ld,Sk j oel .; yels h' ta

i|yd m%Odk fya;=jla jkafka by< .=Kd;aul l=re÷

ksIamdokhka ìys l< o" tajd ñ,§ .ekSug m%udKj;a

m%dfoaYSh w;rueÈ ñ,§ .kakkaf.a fjf<|fmd<

;ju;a ieliS fkdue;s ùuhs' oekg l=re÷ i|yd

ia:dms; ù we;s fjf<|fmd< my< fY%%a‚fha l=re÷

ñ,§ .kakkaf.a m%dfoaYSh fjf<|fmd<ls' tfuka u

l=re÷ .nvd lsÍu iy m%jdykh ksis l%ufõohkag

wkqj isÿ fkd ùu ksid mek k.sk ikSmdrlaIl

iy fi!LH .eg¨‍ oel .; yels h' tfuka u

l=re÷ j.d lrkakka iy w;rueÈhka w;r l=re÷

iïnkaOfhka jk cd;Hka;r iïu;hka iy

msßú;rhka ms<sn| m%udKj;a oekqula fkdue;s ùu

o l=re÷ ksIamdolhkaf.a m%ñ;sh wju ùug n,md

we;' tfuka u l=re÷ j.d lrkakkag idfmalaI

j l=re÷ ksIamdokfha w;rueÈhka$tl;=lrkakka

isákqfha w;f,diails' tneúka fuu w;f,diai

w;r l=re÷ ksIamdok ñ,§ .ekSu i|yd oeä

;r.ldÍ ;;a;ajhla oel .; yels h' fuys § l=re÷

ksIamdÈ;fha .=K;ajh ms<sn| wjOdkh fhduq fkd

lr tajd ñ,§ .ekSug fuu w;rueÈlrejka fhduq

ù we;s neúka l=re÷ ksIamdÈ;fha .=K;ajh /l

.ekSug ure myrla ù we;' ;j o m%ñ;s iy;slhla

,nd .ekSu b;d úhoï wêl ld¾hhla ùu ksid ta

i|yd fhduq fkd jk ;;a;ajhla oel .; yelsh'

5' m%ñ;s.; fkd jk me< frdamK l%ufõo

me< frdamkh i|yd fndfydaúg Ndú; lrkq

,nk l%ufõoh jkafka îc u.ska me< frdamKh

isÿ lsÍuhs' fuu l%uh kj j.djkays § iy md¿

isgqùfï § jeä jYfhka Ndú; flf¾' kuq;a

fuu îc frdamKh isÿ lsÍfï § iudk wdrhl

we;s .+Kd;aul me< ,eîfï bvlv iSñ; fõ'

.=Kd;aul nj w;ska úúO fjkialïj,ska hqla;

me< ,eîu isÿ fõ' tneúka by< .=Kd;aul me<

^frdamK øjH& ksIamdÈ;hka$j.dlrejka fj;

fkdue;s ùu .eg¨‍ iy.; ;;a;ajhla u;= lrhs'

fï i|yd úl,am l%uhla f,i w;= u.ska me< fnda

lsÍu isÿ lrkq ,nhs' m%udKj;a me< m%udKhla

,nd .ekSug ;rï ;dlaIKh Ndú; fkd lsÍu

jeks ÿIalr;d u;= ù we;'

6' wmkhkh i|yd we;s iSñ; bvlv

rgj,a iSñ; m%udKhlg muKla l=re÷ wmkhkh

ùu o wNsfhda.hls' j¾;udkfha l=re÷ wmkhkh

isÿ jk m%Odk fjf<|fmd<j,a jkafka

fulaisfldaj" fldf,dïìhdj" fmare iy c¾uksh

fõ' fulaisfldaj l=re÷ wmkhkh lrkq ,nk

m%Odk rgla ùu fya;=fjka ixflakaøSh wjodkula

u;= lrkq ,nhs' tfia u wfma rfÜ l=re÷ ksIamdokh

cd;Hka;r fjf<|fmd< ;=< m%j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd

m%udKj;a fjf<|fmd<la fkdue;s ùu o l=re÷

i|yd we;s bvlv neyer lrhs' ;j o l=re÷ i|yd

jk m¾fhaIKhka wju ;;a;ajhl mej;Su o l=re÷

fjf<|fmd< j¾Okhg oeä ndOdjla ù we;'

14 2019 wfm%%a' - cQQks

7' mdrïmßl ksIamdok l%uhkaf.ka we;a fkd ùu

l=re÷ ksIamdok ieliSfï ksr; Ys,amSka mdrïmßl

mqreÿ l%u neyer lr kj l%uhg wkq.; lrùfï

wdl,amuh ndOdjla mj;S' idïm%odhsl l%ufõoh

fndfyda úg Y%u odhl;ajh ;=<ska isÿ jk w;r

j¾;udkfha Y%uh i|yd mj;akd by< ñ, fuka

u Y%ufha we;s ysÕ;dj o l=re÷ ieleiau i|yd

msßjeh by< hk idOlhla njg m;a j we;'

l=re÷ ieliSu i|yd úúO wdldrfha ;dlaI‚l

jeä ÈhqKqùï mej;sh o fuu Ys,amSka idïm%odhsl

l%uj,ska neyer fkd ùu .eg¨‍ iy.; ;;a;ajhls'

l=re÷ ;,kakka fuu ld¾hfha ksr; ùfï §

ksIamdÈ;j, .=K;ajh iy fi!LH ;;a;ajh

ms<sn| j ie,ls,a,la isÿ fkd lr meh .Kkla

tl È.g fuu ld¾hh isÿ lrkq ,nhs' fuu

mshjf¾ § l=re÷ isúh fj; ndysr mßirfhka úúO

foaj,a iïñY%Kh úfï wjodkula mj;S' fuu.ska

.=K;ajh wvqfõ' fuh wêl mqyqKqjla wjYH fuka

u ld,h wêl j .; jk lghq;a;la ù we;s neúka

l=re÷ ksIamdok wxYfha j¾Okhg th b;d oeä

wNsfhda.hla ù we;' tfuka u fuu idïm%odhsl

l%ufõo Ndú; lsÍug fya;=ù we;s wfkl=;a

lreKq jkafka kj l%ufõohka i|yd orkakg

isÿ jkakd jQ wêl msßjeh" ta i|yd jk oekqfï

wvqlu iy wdfhdackfha m%;s,dNh iïnkaOfhka

jk úYajdifha uo nj" iuyr kj ;dlaIKhka

m%dfhda.sl fkd ùu fõ'

8' kuH;dj ms<sn| j jk ukd oekqu

l=re÷ j.dj wdY%s; j kj ;dlaI‚l l%ufõohka"

j.dlrejka iy /ialrkakka w;r we;s .eg¨‍

idlÉPd lr .ekSu" kj fjf<|fmd<j,a fidhd

hEu" rcfha ueÈy;a ùfuka ,nd fokq ,nk

wkq.%yhka ms<sn| j wjfndaOhla ,nd .ekSu

hkdÈh ms<sn| j ukdj iïnkaëlrKh jQ

l%ufõohka fkdue;s ùu wNsfhda.hls'

9' úl,am ksIamdÈ;hkaf.a jHdmD;sh

tfuka u l=re÷ i|yd we;s úl,am ksIamdÈ;

f,dalh mqrd m%p,s; ùula o oel .; yels h'

.=Kd;aulNdjfhka wvq jqj o ñf,ys mj;akd

wêl fjkialï ksid leIshd keu;s l=re÷ j¾.h

j¾;udkfha nyq, j .kqfokq fõ' th Y%S ,xldfõ

l=re÷ fjf<|fmd<g m%Odk wNsfhda.hla ù we;'

l=re÷ j.dj i|yd we;s ndOl ch .; yelafla flfiao @

1' kj ;dlaIKh Ndú;h

l=re÷ M,odj by< kxjd .ekSu i|yd l=re÷

ksIamdok ieliSfï idïm%odhsl wdl,amj,ska ñ§

kj ;dlaIKh Ndú;fhka jvd;a M,odhS l=re÷

ksIamdok fj; fhduq ùfuka ksIamdok msßjeh

wju lr .; yels jkq we;' úfYaIfhka fmdfydr

ñ, md,kh lrñka l=re÷ j.dlrejka Èß.ekaùu

i|yd iykodhS f,i fmdfydr ,nd §fuka

rcfha ueÈy;aùula isÿ l< yels h' tfia u l=re÷

;,kakka i|yd ukd mqyqKqjla we;s lr fuu

l=re÷ ;e,Sfï ld¾hfha ksr; Y%ñlhka i|yd ukd

ms<s.ekSula we;s lrúh hq;= h'

2' há;, myiqlï j¾Okh lr .ekSu

l=re÷ ksIamdokfha ksr;wvq j.d ìï ysñhka

yg wmøjHj,ska f;dr msßisÿ .=Kd;aul l=re÷

ksIamdokh lsÍu i|yd wjYH jk há;, myiqlï

imhd .ekSug nexl= yryd wvq fmd,S iys; Kh

myiqlï ,nd Èh hq;= h' tfia u fuu há;,

myiqlï j¾Okh lr .ekSfï wjYH;dj ms<sn|

j l=re÷ ksIamdokh lrkakka fj; m%udKj;a

wjfndaOhla ,nd §ug lghq;= l< hq;= h'

3' w.h tl;= l< l=re÷ ksIamdÈ; iy fjf<|fmd<

m%j¾Okh

l=re÷ i|yd w.h tl;= lrkq ,nk ksIamdokhka

ms<sn| j ksIamdolhka oekqj;a lsÍu ;=<ska l=re÷

i|yd w.h tl;= l< ksIamdokhkays mrdih

j¾Okh lr .; yels jkq we;' tfuka u fujka

w.h tl;= l< ksIamdÈ;hka i|yd fjf<|fmd<

m%j¾Okh lsÍug wjYH úêúOdk fhÈh hq;= h'

4' m%ñ;sh iy;sl lsÍu

l=re÷ ksIamdÈ;hkays m%ñ;sh wdrlaId lr .ekSu

i|yd wvq m%ñ;shlska hq;= ksIamdÈ; fjf<|fmd<g

meñŒu wffO¾hu;a l< hq;= w;r" wju m%ñ;s

;;a;ajh we;=<;a jk mßÈ kS;s ilia l< hq;= h'


tfia u l=re÷ j.dlrkakka iy w;rueÈhka i|yd

l=re÷ iïnkaOfhka jk cd;Hka;r iïu;hka iy

msßú;rhka ms<sn| oekqu ,nd §ug wjYH lghq;=

fhÈh hq;= h' tfia u m%ñ;s iy;sl ,nd .ekSug

orkakg isÿjk wêl msßjeh ms<sn| ie,ls,a,

fhduq fldg ta i|yd iy;slhla ,nd Èh yels jev

ms<sfj<la ilia l< hq;= h'

5' ksñ l=re÷ NdKav i|yd by< wjOdkh

Y%S ,xldfõ l=re÷ wmkhkh fndfyda úg isÿjkafka

ksñ NdKavhla jYfhka fkdj wuqøjHhla jYfhks'

kuq;a th ksñ NdKavhla njg m;a lr wmkhkh

lr .; yels kï ,nd .; yels wdodhu by< hkq

we;' tneúka l=re÷ wuqøjHhla jYfhka wmkhkh

lrk w;r u" tu.ska ksñ NdKav ksIamdokh lr

wmkhk fjf<|fmd<g fhduq lrùug ie,iqï

l< hq;= j we;'

6' il%Sh me< frdamK l%ufõohka

me, frdamKh i|yd Ndú; lrk l%ufõo ta

i|yd j.lSï we;s wdh;kj, il%Sh odhl;ajhla

mej;sh hq;= w;r" m%ñ;sfhka by< frdamK øjH

j.dlrejka fj; ,nd §ug tu wdh;k iDcq j

ueÈy;a úh hq;= h'

7' kj wmkhk fjf<|fmd<j,a fidhd hdu

l=re÷ i|yd jk kj fjf<|fmd<j,a fidhd

.ekSug ta i|yd j.lSï we;s md¾Yajhka iDcq

j odhl;ajhla ,nd Èh hq;= h' tfia u fuys §

oekgu;a l=re÷ wmkhkh lrk rgj,g wmkhk

m%udKh jeä lsÍfï bvlv ms<sn| j o fidhd

ne,sh hq;= h'

8' ukd iïnkaëlrKh

l=re÷ j.dj wdY%s; j kj ;dlaI‚l l%ufõohka

j.dlrejka iy /ialrkakka w;r we;s .eg¨‍

idlÉPd lr .ekSu" kj fjf<|fmd<j,a fidhd

hEu" j.dj i|yd rcfha ueÈy;aùfuka ,nd fokq

,nk wkq.%yhka ms<sn| j wjfndaOhla ,nd .ekSu

hkdÈh ms<sn| j ukd iïnkaëlrKh jQ fydo

l%ufõohla we;s l< hq;= h'

9' l=re÷ M,odj by< kxjd .ekSu

nd, ;;a;ajfhka hq;= leIshd jeks l=re÷j,g

uqyqK Èh yels mßoafoka Y%S ,xldfõ i;H l=re÷j,

ksIamdok msßjeh wju lsÍug wjYH mshjr Wmßu

f,i .; hq;= w;r" fylaghdrhlg ,nd .; yels

M,odj jeälr .ekSu i|yd lrkq ,nk m¾fhaIK

wLKav j isÿ l< hq;= h'

Page 18 of 20

7. ඳයමඳරක නපඳදන ක‍රභඹනයනන ඇේ යනොවභ

කර ල ලං නසඳහදන ලං ළවසන ම ලං නයව ලං ශලපන ලං ඳහයමඳරව ලං පරද ලං ක‍රභ ලං ඵළවළය ලං වය ලං න ලං ක‍රභඹට ලං තනනව ලං

වයව ම ලංආවලඳභඹ ලංඵහධහ ත ලංඳත. ලංහම‍රදහයව ලංක‍රභ කදඹ ලං ඵො වයවට ලං‍රභ ලංදහඹවතඹ ලංතළන ලංසදන ලං

තවය ලංෂ වභහන ේ ලං‍රභඹ ලංවහ ලං ඳතනහ ලංඉවශ ලංමර ලං භනභ ලං‍රභ ේ ලංතස ලංහඟවහඹ ද ලංකර ල ලංළවළසභ ලං

වහ ලං පරළඹ ලං ඉවශ ලංඹන ලංහධවඹ ත ලංඵට ලං

ඳත ලං තව. ලං කර ල ලං ළවසනභ ලං වහ ලං වවධ ලං

ආවහය ේ ලං වහ තණව ලං ළඩ ලං දයණ ලං වම ලං

ඳළසඹද ලං භභ ලං ශලපන ලං හම‍රදහයව ලං ක‍රභ ලං

තන ලං ඵළවළය ලං නොවභ ලං නළටළ ලං වනව ලං

වතතඹක. ලං කර ල ලං වරනනන ලං භභ ලං

වහෂ ඹ ේ ලං නයව ලං ව මද ලං නසඳහදව ලං ර ලං

ගාතඹ ලංව ලං ඛ‍ය ලංවතතඹ ලං පළඵ ලං

ළරකලර ත ලං සද ලං නොවය ලං ඳළඹ ලං නාන ත ලං

එව ලංදනට ලං භභ ලංවහෂ ඹඹ ලංසද ලංවයන ලංරඵය. ලං භභ ලංපඹ ෂ ද ලංකර ල ලංසවඹ ලං ව ලංබහහය ලංඳරය ඹන ලංවවධ ලං

දල ලංමම‍රනඹ ලංව ම ලංතදහනභ ත ලංඳත. ලං භභගන ලංගාතඹ ලංතඩ ක. ලං භඹ ලංතධව ලංපහණ ත ලංතලය ලං

නහ ලං භනභ ලංවහරඹ ලංතධව ලංනව ලංන ලංවටයතව ත ලංව ලංතස ලංඵළවන ලංකර ල ලංතාල ේ ලංෂ ධනඹට ලංඑඹ ලංඉවහ ලංදළඩ ලං

තභ ඹයනඹ ත ලංව ලංතව. ලංඑ භනභ ලං භභ ලංහම‍රදහයව ලංක‍රභ කද ලංබහවවහ ලංකරභට ලං ව තව ලංතස ලංත නකත ලංවරණ ලං

න න ලංන ලං ත ලංයභ කදඹන ලංවහ ලංදයනනට ලංසද ලංනනහ ලංව ලංතධව ලංපරළඹ, ඒ ලංවහ ලංන ලංදළන ම ලංතඩවභ ලං

ව ලං ආ ඹයජන ේ ලං ‍රසරහබඹ ලං මඵනධ ඹන ලං න ලං වලසහ ේ ලං භද ලං ඵ, භවය ලං න ලං වහ තාඹන ලං

‍රහ ඹයගව ලං නොවභ ලං ක.

8. නභයතඹ පබඵ න භන දනභ

කර ල ලංනහ ලංආ‍රව ලංන ලංවහ තණව ලංක‍රභ කදඹන, නහවරන ලංව ලංරැසවයනනන ලංතවය ලංතස ලංනළටළ ලං

හවචඡහ ලං වය ලං නළනභ, න ලං ශ ඳොරල ලං ොඹහ ලං ඹහභ, යජ ේ ලං භළදවතව භන ලං රඵහ ලං දන ලං රඵන ලං

තනග‍රවඹන ලං පළඵ ලං ත ඵයධඹ ත ලං රඵහ ලං නළනභ ලං ඹනහදඹ ලං පළඵ ලං භනහ ලං මඵනධවයාඹ ලං ව ලං වොද ලං

ක‍රභ කදඹන ලං නොභළස ලංවභ ලංතභ ඹයනඹක.

9. වකලඳ නපඳදතඹනයආ යඳෘතඹ

එ භනභ ලං කර ල ලං වහ ලං තස ලං වවලඳ ලං නසඳහදව ලං රයවඹ ලං පයහ ලං ‍රචලතව ලං වභ ත ලං දළව ලං නව ලං වළකඹ. ලං

ගාහතභවබහ ඹන ලං තඩ ලං වද ලං ම රහ ලං ඳතනහ ලං තධව ලං නසවම ලං නහ ලං වළෂඹහ ලං නළභස ලං කර ල ලං

ෂ වභහන ේ ලංඵහර ලංනණ දන ලං ක. ලංඑඹ ලංශ‍ර ලංරාවහ ක ලංකර ල ලං ශ ඳොරට ලං‍රධහන ලංතභ ඹයනඹ ත ලංව ලංතව.

16 2019 wfm%%a' - cQQks

miq.sh oYlfha wefußld tlai;a ckmoh iy

hqfrdamh jeks f,dal wd¾Ólfha oejeka;hka

wd¾Ól wjmd;fhka mSvdjg m;afjoa§ f,dal

wd¾Ólh Yla;su;a lsÍfï iy th kj biõjla

lrd fhduqlsÍfï wruq‚ka ì%laia ^BRICS& ixúOdkh

ìysúh' ta i|yd n%iS,h" reishdj" bkaÈhdj" Ökh

iy ol=Kq wm%sldj tla úh' —‍f,dal wd¾Ólfha

hym;a fyg oji fjkqfjka bÈfjk ì%laia mjqr˜‍

hk ysiska hq;=j wm úiska fuhg fmr igyk

l,dmhlska ta ms<sn|j idlÉPd lr we;'

ì%laia rdcH kdhl iuq¿j jirlg jrla meje;afjhs'

tys isõjekak 2012 ud¾;= 28 - 29 fo Èk bkaÈhdfõ

kjÈ,a,s k.rfha § meje;aúks' ì%laia idudðl

rgj,a tlaj f,dal nexl=j fyda wdishdkq ixj¾Ok

nexl=j fyda iajrEmfha úl,am Kh fokafkla

f,i ixj¾Ok nexl=jla msysgqùu ms<sn| fhdackdj

tu iuq¿jg bÈßm;a úh' ì%laia isjq jeks iuq¿fõ

jeo.;a u lghq;a; jQfha;a fuu ì%laia nexl=j

ms<sn| fhdackdj bÈßm;a lsÍu hs' ta wkqj ì%laia

idudðl rgj,a iy fjk;a ke.S tk wd¾Ólj,

fuka u ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;akd rgj, há;,

myiqlï yd ;srir ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s i|yd

wruqo,a iïmdokh lsÍug kj ixj¾Ok nexl=jla

msysgqùug we;s YlH;dj ms<sn| úuid ne,Su i|yd

idudðl rgj, uqo,a wud;Hjrekaf.ka iukaú;

lñgqjla m;alrk ,È' Tjqka úiska bÈßm;a lrk

,o jd¾;dj mokï lr.ksñka ì%laia rgj, rdcH

kdhlfhda 2013 jif¾ ol=Kq wm%sldfõ v¾ndka yS

mej;s 5 jeks ì%laia rdcH kdhl iuq¿fõ § ì%laia

nexl=jla msysgqùu ms<sn| tlÕ;djg meñ‚hy'

tlS tlÕ;dj wkqj fï jk úg ì%laia nexl=j

msysgqjd we;' tu nexl=fõ .uka uÕ" idudðl

rgj, há;, myiqlï yd ;srir ixj¾Ok

jHdmD;s i|yd" úfYaIfhka u ì%laia idudðl

rgj, mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s wruqKq bgqlsÍfuys,d

wdrïNlr we;s ld¾hNdrh iy idudðl rgj,

mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s wjYH;d ms<sn|j fuu ,smsh

uÕska ieflúka úuidne,Sug wfmalaIs; h'

ì%laia nexl=fõ .uka uÕ

ì%laia nexl=jg moku oefuhs'''

jirlg jrla meje;afjk ì%laia rdcH kdhl

iuq¿fõ 6 jekak 2014 cQ,s ui n%iS,fha f*dag,Sid

k.rfha mej;s w;r tys § ì%laia ixúOdkfha

iqúfYaIS ft;sydisl wjia:djla iksgqyka lrñka

ì%laia nexl=j msysgqùu ms<sn| tlÕ;d .súiqug

Ârticles of Agreement - AoA& w;aika ;nk ,È'

fuh jvd;a m%p,s; f*dag,Sid m%ldYh kñks'

nexl=j kï flrefka kj ixj¾Ok nexl=j kñks

^New Development Bank - NDB&' nexl=fõ wruqKq"

ld¾hhka" idudðl;ajh" Pkao n,h" m%d.aOkh yd

fldgia" m%Odk ld¾hd,h msysgqùu" ixúOdkh yd

l<ukdlrKh wdÈ lreKq /ila tlÕ;d .súiqug

we;=<;a úh'

1' wruqKq iy ld¾hhka

kj ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ m%Odk;u wruqK ì%laia

idudðl rgj, iy fjk;a ke.S tk wd¾Ólj,

iy ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;akd rgj, há;,

myiqlï yd ;srir ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s i|yd iïm;a

iïmdokh hs'

kj ixj¾Ok nexl=jyß; fyg Èkla lrd'''

úkS;d fyar;am%dfoaYSh l<ukdlre

m%dfoaYSh ld¾hd,h - ud;f,a


tu wruqKq imqrd,kq jia rdcH fyda fm!oa.,sl

fyda jHdmD;s i|yd nexl=j Kh" wemlr" fldgia

iy fjk;a uQ,H WmlrK Tiafia wdOdr lrhs'

tfuka u th cd;Hka;r ixúOdk iy fjk;a

uQ,Hdh;k iuÕ iyfhda.fhka lghq;= lsÍug;a

nexl=j úiska iydh olajk jHdmD;s i|yd

;dlaI‚l iydh iemhSug;a tlÕù we;'

2' idudðl;ajh" Pkao n,h" m%d.aOkh iy fldgia

nexl=fõ wdrïNl idudðlhka jkqfha n%iS,h"

reishdj" bkaÈhdj" Ökh iy ol=Kq wm%sldj hs' tfy;a

tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixúOdkfha idudðl rgj,g

o fldkafoaisj,g hg;aj nexl=fõ idudðl;ajh

,nd.; yel' ta wkqj tlÕ;d .súiqfï i|yka mßÈ

lsisÿ wjia:djl ì%laia wdrïNl idudðlhkaf.a

ysñldr;ajh Pxo n,fhka ishhg 55g fkd wvq

úh hq;=h'

nexl=fjys wkqo;a m%d.aOkh âuthorized capital& tlai;a ckmo fvd,¾ ì,shk 100 ls' th fldgil

jákdlu t'c' fvd,¾ 100"000 la jQ fldgia

ñ,shkhlska iukaú;h' ^01 jeks j.=j& iyNd.

m%d.aOkh ^subscribed capital& tlai;a ckmo fvd,¾

ì,shk 50 ls' thska tlai;a ckmo fvd,¾ ì,shk

10la m<uq wÈhf¾ nexl=jg uqo,ska f.úh hq;= jQ w;r

^paid-in capital& th jdßl 7 lska f.úh hq;= úh' wjYH

jQ úg nexl=jg iemhSug fldgia ysñhka tlÕ jQ

m%d.aOkh ^callable capital& tlai;a ckmo fvd,¾

ì,shk 40 ls'

3' uQ,ia:dkh" ixúOdkh iy l<ukdlrKh

f*dag,Sid .súiqu uÕska kj ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ

uQ,ia:dkh Ökfha Iexyhs k.rfha msysgqùug

ish¨‍ u idudðl rgj,a úiska tlÕ ù we;' m<uq

l,dmSh ld¾hd,h ol=Kq wm%sldfõ fcdyekaian¾.a

k.rfha msysgqùug tlÕ jQy'

kj ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ ixúOdk jHqyh wêm;s

uKav,hla" wOHlaI uKav,hla" iNdm;s yd Wm

iNdm;sjreka m%Odk fldg.;a ld¾h uKav,hlska

iukaú; hq;= nj tlÕ;d .súiqfï we;=<;a úh'

wêm;s uKav,h úiska tys tla wfhl= jd¾Isl

j iNdm;s ;k;=rg m;a flfrkq we;' Wm

iNdm;sjreka ixLHdj isjq fofkls' kj ixj¾Ok

nexl=fõ m%:u iNdm;s;ajh bkaÈhdjg msßkeóug

.súiqu uÕska tlÕ ù we;'

nexl=fõ idudkH lghq;= mj;ajdf.k hEu wOHlaI

uKav,hg mejÍ we;' wOHlaI uKav,h úiska

md,k lghq;=j, úksúoNdjh ;yjqre flfrkq

jia ú.Kk" wjodkï iy whjeh lñgqj" Kh

iy wdfhdack lñgqj iy uQ,H lñgqj wdÈ lñgq

msysgqjd we;'

rgfldgia

ixLHdj

fldgia ysñldß;ajfha

m%;sY;h îuia; fldgia

ixLHdfjka ]&

Pkao ysñlu

îuia; Pkao

ixLHdfjka ]&

n%iS,h 100"000 20 20

reishdj 100"000 20 20

bkaÈhdj 100"000 20 20

Ökh 100"000 20 20

ol=Kq wm%sldj 100"000 20 20

fnod fjka fkdl< fldgia 500"000 - -

tl;=j 1"000"000 100 100

uQ,dY%h - https($$www'ndb'int$

1 jeks j.=j kj ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ fldgia ysñldß;ajh

18 2019 wfm%%a' - cQQks

ì%laia nexl=j fyj;a kj ixj¾Ok nexl=j f.dvkef.hs'''

ì%laia 7 jeks rdcH kdhl iuq¿j 2015 cQ,s 07 jeks

Èk reishdfõ W!*d Ûfa& k.rfha meje;aúks' tÈk

ikaOHdfõ reishdkq uqo,a weu;sjrhdf.a uq,iqkska

hq;=j kj ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ wêm;sjrekaf.a

iudrïNl /iaùu meje;aúks' tys§ f*dag,Sid

m%ldYfhka tlÕ jQ mßÈ kj ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ

iNdm;s Oqrh i|yd bka§h cd;sl fla' ù' lud;a

m;alr .kakd ,È' tfuka u Wm iNdm;s Oqr 4 yd

wOHlaI uKav,h m;alr.ekSu o fuys § isÿ úh'

kj ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ uQ,ia:dkh Ökfha Iexyhs

k.rfha msysgqùu iïnkaO .súiqug Ök rch iy

kj ixj¾Ok nexl=j úiska 2016 fmnrjdß 27 jeks

Èk w;aika ;nk ,È' tys § Ök rch fjkqfjka

úfoaY lghq;= weu;s jex hS o kj ixj¾Ok nexl=j

fjkqfjka tys iNdm;s fla' ù' lud;a o w;aika

l<y' ta;a iuÕu Iexyhs kd.ßl md,kh yd kj

ixj¾Ok nexl=j úiska wjfndaO;d .súiqulg

w;aika ;eîu o isÿúh' ta i|yd Iexyhs k.rdêm;s

hex Isfhdx yd fla' ù' lud;a w;aika ;enQy' ta;a

iuÕu kj ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ lghq;= werôks'

ta wkqj kj ixj¾Ok nexl=j msysgqjd fï jk

úg fojirla f.ù we;s w;r 2016 jir i|yd jQ

jd¾Isl jd¾;dj yß; fyg Èkla lrd ^Towards Greener Tomorrow& hk f;audfjka hq;=j ksl=;alr

we;'

yß; fygl uq,a mshjr

yß; wkd.;hla ms<sn| kj ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ

wfmalaIdjka i|yd Yla;su;a m%fõYhla ,nd

foñka 2016 wfma%,a 15 jeks Èk kj ixj¾Ok

nexl=fõ wOHlaI uKav,h úiska tlai;a ckmo

fvd,¾ ñ,shk 811la jQ m%:u jHdmD;s Kh ldKavh

wkqu; lrk ,È' ta fu.dfjdÜ ^MW& 2370

Odß;djlska hq;a mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s jHdmD;s 4

la i|yd h' ^02 jeks j.=j& fuu jHdmD;s uÕska

mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s Ndú;h Tiafia yß;d.dr

rg Kh uqo,& jHdmD;sh wruqK iy b,lalh

n%iS,h t'c' fvd,¾ ñ,shk 300

iq<x yd iQ¾h

n,h jeks mqk¾

ckkSh n,Yla;s

jHdmD;s i|yd

fu'fjd' 600 mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s

W;amdokh

jirlg fgdka 1"000"000

ldnkavfhdlaihsâ ^CO2& oykh

je<elaùu

Ökh^frkañkaì ñ,shk 525&

t'c' fvd,¾ ñ,shk 81

jy< u; iú

flfrk iQ¾h

n, mek,

jHdmD;s i|yd

fu'fjd' 100 iQ¾h n,Yla;s W;amdokh

jirlg fgdka 73"000


je<elaùu

bkaÈhdj t'c' fvd,¾ ñ,shk 250

iq<x yd iQ¾h

n,h jeks mqk¾

ckkSh n,Yla;s

jHdmD;s i|yd


W;amdokh

jirlg fgdka 815"000


je<elaùu

ol=Kq

wm%sldj^t'c' fvd,¾ ñ,shk 180

mqk¾ckkSh

n,Yla;s jHdmD;s

i|yd


W;amdokh

jirlg fgdka 1"300"000


je<elaùu

02 jeks j.=j kj ixj¾Ok nexl=j úiska wkqu; lrk ,o m%:u Kh ldKavh

uQ,dY%h - https($$www'ndb'int$


jdhq oykh fgdka ñ,shk 4lska muK wvq fõ hehs

weia;fïka;=lr we;'

kj ixj¾Ok nexl=j úiska wkqu; lrk ,o m<uq

Kh ldKavh uq¨‍ukska u mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s

jHdmD;s flfrys fhduq ùu ;=<ska meyeÈ,s jkafka

mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;sh wjYH;d i|yd ì%laia

idudðl rgj,ska jeäfjñka mj;akd b,a¨‍uhs'

ì%laia idudðl rgj, mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s b,lal iy tajd <Õdlr .ekSug kj ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ iyh

f,dal o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;h i|yd 2000 jif¾

ishhg 8la jQ ì%laia rgj, odhl;ajh 2017 jif¾

ishhg 24 olajd by< f.dia we;' cd;Hka;r

uQ,H wruqo,g wkqj 2017 o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;fha

úYd,;ajh wkqj f,dj rgj,a fm<.eiaùfï §

m<uq rgj,a 10 w;rg ì%laia rgj,a 3 la we;=<;a

fõ' ta wkqj Ökh fojeks ia:dkh;a bkaÈhdj yh

jeks ia:dkh;a n%iS,h wg jeks ia:dkh;a Wiq,hs'

foaY.=K úm¾hdi ms<sn| meßia iïuq;shg w;aika

;nd we;s fuu rgj,a iajlSh rgj, yß;d.dr

jdhq úfudapkh iSudlsÍug tlÕ ù isà' fï i|yd

iafjÉPd m%fõYhla f,i ;u rgj, yß;d.dr jdhq

úfudapkh iSudlsÍu i|yd jQ b,lal yd fhdackd

we;=<;a wfmalaIs; cd;sl ks¾‚; odhl;aj

Întended Nationally Determined Contributions - NDCs& tlÕ;djla f.dvk.df.k we;' fuu wruqKq

bgqlr.ekSfuys,d ì%laia rgj,a mqk¾ckkSh

n,Yla;s uQ,dY% flfrys wjOdkh fhduqlrhs'

ì%laia idudðl rgj, n,Yla;s iemhqï uQ,dY%

ms<sn|j úuid ne,Sfï § we;eï rgj,a fï jk

úg;a mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s iemhqu flfrys jeä

keUqrejla olajk w;r we;eï rgj,a f*dis,

bkaOk Ndú;h flfrys jeä keUqrejla olajk

neõ meyeÈ,s fõ' WodyrK jYfhka 2015 jif¾

n%iS,fha iuia; úÿ,s n, iemhqfuka ishhg 74la

f*dis, fkdjk bkaOk uÕska iemhsks' trg

n,Yla;s wfmalaId ie,eiaug wkqj 2014 jif¾

.s.d fjdÜ ^Gigawatts - GW& 106'4la jQ mqk¾ckkSh

n,Yla;s iemhqu 2024 jk úg .s.d fjdÜ 173'6la

olajd by< kexùug wfmalaIs; h' ^03 jeks j.=j&

n%iS,h ol=Kq wefußldkq rgj,a w;r úYd,;u

wd¾Ólh ysñ rghs' th ol=Kq wefußldfõ o< foaYSh

ksIamdÈ;hg ishhg 55lg jvd jeä m%;sY;hlska

odhl fõ' tfy;a ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;akd

wfkl=;a fndfyda rgj,a fuka u n%iS,fha o há;,

myiqlï ixj¾Okh i|yd jk wdfhdack m%udKj;a

fkdjk neõ olakg ,efí' fuh rfÜ iuia;

há;, myiqlï jHqyh ;=< úYd, odhl;ajhla

Wiq,kq ,nk n,Yla;s lafIa;%h flfrys wys;lr

wdldrfhka n,mdhs' n%iS,fha n,Yla;s lafIa;%h

c,úÿ,sn,h u; hemSfï mßudj úYd, jk neúka

c, úÿ,s n, W;amdokh ;=< isÿjk fjkialï

rfÜ iuia; úÿ,sn, Odß;dj flfrys wys;lr

rgmqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s

b,lalh ^.s.d fjdÜ&

mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s

b,lalh ch.ekSu i|yd

wjYH wdfhdackh

^t'c' fvd,¾ ì,shk&

b,lal j¾Ih

n%iS,h 173'6 121'3 2024

reishdj 73'5 44'0 2020

bkaÈhdj 225'3 157'7 2022

Ökh 761'0 622'0 2020

ol=Kq wm%sldj 17'8 30'0 2030

tl;=j 1251'2 975'0

03 jeks j.=j ì%laia idudðl rgj, mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s b,lal

uQ,dY%h - Institute of Energy Economics and Financial Analysis

20 2019 wfm%%a' - cQQks

wdldrfhka n,mE yels h' fï ms<sn|j wjOdkh

fhduq lrñka n%iS,h iQ¾h yd iq<x n,h jeks

mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s uQ,dY% flfrys wjOdkh

fhduqlr we;' kj ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ m%:u Kh

ldKavh ;=< n%iS,fha mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s

jHdmD;s i|ydjQ t'c'fvd' ñ,shk 300l Kh uqo,la

i|yd wkque;sh ,efnkafka tjka miqìul h'

th n%iS,fha c,úÿ,s n,h u; hemSu wvqlsÍug;a

n,Yla;s iemhqu úúOdx.SlrKh lsÍug;a fya;=

jkq we;'

2015 jif¾ Ökfha iuia; n,Yla;s iemhqfuka

ishhg 74la u f*dis, bkaOk Ndú;fhka

isÿflßks' 2015 jif¾ trg iQ¾h n,Yla;s iemhqu

.s.d fjdÜ 43la jQ w;r 2020 jk úg th .s.d

fjdÜ 127 olajd by< kexùug b,lallr we;'

f,dj úYd,;u iq<x n,Yla;s iemhqï Odß;dj

iys; rg Ökhhs' Odß;dj .s.dfjdÜ 145la muK

fõ' th hqfrdamSh yjqf,a uq¨‍ iq<x n, Odß;djg;a

jvd by< h' 2015 jif¾ .s.d fjdÜ 145la jQ iq<x

n,Yla;s iemhqu 2020 § .s.d fjdÜ 250 olajd;a

2015 jif¾ § .s.d fjdÜ 320la jQ c, úÿ,s iemhqu

2020 § .s.d fjdÜ 384 olajd;a by< kexùu Ökfha

mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s b,lalh hs' fulS b,lalh

<Õd lr .ekSu i|yd ùkh mshjr /ila f.k

we;s w;r Ökfha Iexyhs ,sxhex ld¾ñl l,dmfha

^China Shanghai Lingang Industrial Zone& jy< u;

iúflfrk iQ¾h mek, Tiafia n,Yla;s ckkh

lsÍfï jHdmD;sh bka tla mshjrls' kj ixj¾Ok

nexl=j úiska fuu jHdmD;sh i|yd wkqu; lrk

,o Kh uqo, frkañkaì ñ,shk 525ls' tfuka u

tuÕska jirlg fu.fjdÜ 100 úÿ,s ckkhla

wfmalaIs; w;r jHdmD;sh fya;=fjka jirlg fgdka

73"000l ldnkavfhdlaihsâ oykhla je,elaúh

yels njg weia;fïka;= lr we;'

bkaÈhdfõ iuia; n,Yla;s iemhqu ;=< mqk¾ckkSh

n,Yla;s iemhqu ishhg 17la muK fõ' 2022 jk

úg th ishhg 25 olajd;a 2030 jk úg ishhg 40

olajd;a by< kexùug wfmalaIs; h' ta wkqj 2016

§ .s.d fjdÜ 97la jQ mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s iemhqu

.s.d fjdÜ 225 olajd by< kexùug wfmalaIs;

h' kj ixj¾Ok nexl=j úiska wkqu; lrk ,o

m<uq Kh ldKavfhka bkaÈhdj i|yd wkqu;

lrk ,o t'c'fvd' ñ,shk 250la jQ Kh uqo,

iq<x n,Yla;s" iQ¾h n,Yla;s" l=vd mßudK c,

úÿ,sn,d.dr" ffcj bkaOk" N+;dm ^geo-thermal&" wmøjH n,Yla;sh njg yerùu wdÈ jHdmD;sj,

wdfhdackh i|yd ie,iqïlr we;'

ol=Kq wm%sldfõ iuia; n,Yla;s iemhqfuka ishhg

94la f*dis, bkaOk Ndú;fhka isÿ flfrhs' 2015

jif¾ mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s iemhqu .s.d fjdÜ

1'8la jQ w;r 2016 § tu m%;sY;h .s.d fjdÜ 2'1la

úh' 2030 jk úg t rg <Õdlr .ekSug wfmalaIs;

mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s b,lalh .s.d fjdÜ 17'8ls'

fuu b,lal ch .ekSu i|yd ol=Kq wm%sldj

fï jk úg;a mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s jHdmD;s fj;

fhduqù we;' kj ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ m%:u Kh

ldKavh ;=< wkqu; lrk ,o t'c'fvd' ñ,shk

180la jQ Kh uqo, tfia mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s

wdfhdack jHdmD;shla fjkqfjka ,nd § we;'

fuu jHdmD;sh u.ska fu'fjd' 670l n,Yla;s

m%udKhla W;amdokh lsÍug ie,iqïlr we;' fuh

2020- 2021 trg <Õdlr .ekSug wfmalaIs;

mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s b,lalh <Õd lr.ekSug

ishhg 10lska odhl jkq we;'

reishdfõ m%fhdackhg fkd.;a mqk¾ckkSh

n,Yla;s uQ,dY% /ila we;' 2015 jif¾ t rg úÿ,s

n, iemhqu ;=< mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s iemhqu

ishhg 16la muK úh' th 2020 jk úg ishhg

4'5lska by< oeóug ie,iqïlr we;' fuu b,lal

ch.ekSu i|yd .s.d fjdÜ 22lska mqk¾ckkSh

n,Yla;s Odß;dj by< kexúh hq;= h' flfia

fj;;a kj ixj¾Ok nexl=j úiska 2016 jif¾

wkqu; lrk ,o m%:u Kh ldKavh ;=< reishdj

i|yd Kh wkqu; ùula isÿ fkdjqks' tfy;a m%:u

jHdmD;s Kh wkque;sfhka miqj reishdfõ l=vd

c,úÿ,s n,d.dr 2 la i|yd t'c'fvd,¾ ñ,shk

100 Kh uqo,la kj ixj¾Ok nexl=j úiska wkqu;

lrk ,È' ta lfr,shd ^Karelia& m%foaYfha l=vd

c,úÿ,sn, jHdmD;s 2la fjkqfjks' fuu m%foaYfha

n,Yla;s ckk Odß;dj b;du;a u my< uÜgul

mj;sk w;r m%foaYhg n,Yla;sh ,nd.efkkqfha

reishdfõ fjka m%foaYj,sks' tfy;a tfia

,nd.kakd n,Yla;s iemhquo m%udKj;a fkdfõ'

kj ixj¾Ok nexl=j úiska wkqu; lrk ,o

Kh uqo,g wod< jHdmD;sfhys jevlghq;= 2016

Tlaf;dan¾ ui wrUd we;' ta hgf;a l=vd fõ,a,la yd


c,úÿ,s W;amdok m¾hka; 2la bÈlsÍug ie,iqïlr

we;' tu jHdmD;sh uÕska mqk¾ckkkSh n,Yla;s

fu'fjd' 49'8la W;amdokh lsÍug wfmalaIs; h'

tuÕska jirlg ldnkavfhdlaihsâ fgdka 48"000la

oykhùu je<elaúh yels nj weia;fïka;= lr

we;' fuu jHdmD;sh —‍l=vd mßudK c,úÿ,sn,

W;amdokh-úi,a ch.%yK˜‍ ^Small-scale Power Generation-Big Achievements& f,i 2017 jif¾

fyd| u jHdmD;sh f,i reishdfõ jd‚c yd

l¾udka; uKv,fha § f;dard .eKsKs' jHdmD;sfha

jev 2019 jif¾ wjika lsÍug ie,iqïlr we;'

2016 fkdjeïn¾ 22 jeks Èk kj ixj¾Ok

nexl=fõ wOHlaI uKav,h Ökfha iy bkaÈhdfõ

jHdmD;s 2 la i|yd Kh wkqu; lr we;' Ökh

i|yd wkqu; lrk ,o Kh uqo, mqk¾ckkSh

n,Yla;s jHdmD;shla i|yd wkqu; lrk ,o

w;r bkaÈhdj i|yd wkqu; lrk ,o Kh uqo,

uydud¾. moaO;sfha jeä ÈhqKq lsÍula i|yd h'

Ökh i|yd wkqu; lrk ,o uqof,a jákdlu

frkañkaì ì,shk 2 ^t'c'fvd' ñ,shk 298& ls'

fuh Ökfha *QIshex ^Fujian& m<df;a fu'fjd' 250

Odß;dfjka hq;a wla fjr< iq<x n, jHdmD;shla

i|yd ,nd § we;' th Ökfha w.aksÈ. fjrf<a

msysá *QIshex m%foaYh wdY%s; uqyqÿfoa bÈflfrk

jHdmD;sh mq;shex msxyhs fndlal wlafjr< iq<x

n, jHdmD;sh ^Putian Pinhai Bay Offshore Wind Power Project& f,i ye¢kafjhs' fuu jHdmD;sh uÕska

jirlg ldnkavfhdlaihsâ fgdka 869"900 la

oykh ùu je,flkq we;ehs weia;fïka;= lr

we;'

ì%laia idudðl rgj,a lKavdhula f,i .;a úg

jir 2030 jk úg uyd mßudK c,úÿ,s n,h

o we;=<;aj .s.d fjdÜ 1251l Odß;dfjka hq;a

mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s b,lalhla msysgqjd we;'

idudðl rgj,a w;ßka Ök iy bkaÈhd forfgys

mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s b,lal idfmalaI j úYd,h'

jir 2020 jk úg .s.d fjdÜ 253l mqk¾ckkSh

n,Yla;s m%udKhla n,Yla;s lafIa;%hg tla lsÍu

Ökfha b,lalh hs' bkaÈhdfõ b,lalh jir 2022

jk úg .s.d fjdÜ 138l mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s

m%udKhla trg n,Yla;s lafIa;%hg tla lsÍu hs'

mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s b,lal fj; <Õd ùug

ork m%h;akfha § ì%laia ixúOdkhg wh;a rgj,a

fuka u ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;akd fndfyda rgj,a

o uqyqK fok m%Odk;u m%Yakh jkafka m%udKj;a

wruqo,a fkdue;sùu hs'

n%iS,fha 2014 - 2024 mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s b,lal

ch .ekSu i|yd t'c' fvd,¾ ì,shk 121l tkï

jd¾Islj t'c' fvd,¾ ì,shk 12la mqk¾ckkSh

rg

jd¾Isl wdfhdack

wjYH;dj

^t'c' fvd,¾

ì,shk&

2015 jif¾ mqk¾ckkSh

n,Yla;s lafIa;%fha

wdfhdack


jd¾Isl j wjYH jk

w;sf¾l wdfhdack

m%udKh


b,lal j¾Ih

n%iS,h 12'1 7'1 5'0 2024

reishdj 11'0 1'0 10'0 2020

bkaÈhdj 26'3 10'2 16'1 2022

Ökh 124'4 102'9 21'5 2020

ol=Kq wm%sldj 3'0 4'5 -1'5 2030

tl;=j 176'8 125'7 51'1

Ökh yer 52'4 22'8 29'6

uQ,dY%h - Institute of Energy Economics and Financial Analysis

04 jeks j.=j ì%laia idudðl rgj, mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s b,lal ch.ekSu

i|yd wjYH jd¾Isl wdfhdack wjYH;d

22 2019 wfm%%a' - cQQks

n,Yla;s lafIa;%fha wdfhdackh l< hq;= h' ^04

jeks j.=j& reishdfõ mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s

b,lal ch .ekSu i|yd 2016 - 2020 jirlg

tlai;a ckmo fvd,¾ ì,shk 11la wdfhdackh

l< hq;= h' bkaÈhdj t'c' fvd' ì,shk 128la tkï

jd¾Isl j t'c' fvd' ì,shk 21la w¨‍;ska wdfhdackh

l< hq;= h' 2020 jif¾ mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s

b,lal <Õdlr .ekSu i|yd Ökh wdfhdackh l<

hq;= uqo, t'c' fvd' ì,shk 622ls' tkï jd¾Isl j

t'c' fvd' ì,shk 124la wdfhdackh l< hq;= h'

2030 jk úg ol=Kq wm%sldfõ mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s

b,lalh ch.ekSug l< hq;= wdfhdackh t'c' fvd'

ì,shk 3ls'

ì%laia rgj,a ldKavh iuia:hla f,i .;a úg

mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s uQ,dY%j, wdfhdackh i|yd

jd¾Isl j t' c' fvd' ì,shk 177l wjYH;djla

mj;S' tfy;a 2015 jifrys tu rgj, mqk¾ckkSh

n,Yla;s uQ,dY%j, wdfhdackh t'c' fvda,¾ ì,shk

126ls' tkï wdfhdack wjYH;dj yd wfhdackh

w;r t'c' fvd,¾ ì,shk 51 l ßla;hla mj;S' Ökh

yer ì%laia ixúOdkhg wh;a wfkl=;a idudðl

rgj, mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s wdfhdack wjYH;dj

t'c' fvd,¾ ì,shk 52ls' flfia fj;;a 2015

jifrys fuu rgj,a fuu wjYH;dfjka imqrd.

ekSug iu;a jQfha wvlg;a jvd wvq m%udKhls'

tkï t'c' fvd,¾ ì,shk 23ls'

mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s jHdmD;sj,ska Tíng'''

f,dj uydud¾. cd,j, úYd,;ajh w;ska bkaÈhdj

fofjks ;ek miqfjhs' tfy;a trg we;eï

m%dka;j, uydud¾.j, ;;ajh yd wdrlaIdldß

nj i;=gqodhl uÜgul fkdmj;S' uOH m%foaYh

t jeks tla m%dka;hls' bkaÈhdfõ m%dka; w;=ßka

uOH m%foaYh fojeks úYd,;u m%dka;hhs' tys

tal mqoa., wdodhu cd;sl uÜgug jvd ishhg

37lg;a jvd wvq uÜgul mj;S' fkdÈhqKq ud¾.

moaO;sh m%dka;fha ixj¾Okh flfrys ndOdjla j

mj;S' bkaÈhdfõ m%Odk k.r hd flrk 200lg;a

jvd jeä m%Odk ud¾.j,ska uOH m%foaYa m%dka;h

yryd Èfjkafka ud¾. 21la mu‚' m%dka;fha

uydud¾.j,ska ishhg 90la muK ;ks ux ;Srefõ

fyda Bg;a jvd m<, wvq udj;a h' m%jdykh i|yd

m%udKj;a há;, myiqlï fkdùu m%dka;fha

wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh i|yd ndOdjlaj mj;S'

fï ksid uOH m%foaYa m%dka;fha ud¾. cd,

ixj¾Okh flfrys bka§h rch úfYaI wjOdkhla

fhduqlr we;' ta wkqj 2016 jif¾ bkaÈhdfõ uOH

m%foaYfha m%Odk Èia;%sla ud¾. ixj¾Okh i|yd

kj ixj¾Ok nexl=j úiska trgg t'c'fvd,¾

ñ,shk 350l Kh uqo,la wkqu; lr we;' fuu

jHdmD;sh hgf;a lsf,da óg¾ 1500la muK ud¾.

ixj¾Okh lsÍug ie,iqïlr we;' kE u ld,.=K

;;a;ajhlg Tfrd;a;= fok whqßka iy ud¾. ixd"

mÈl udre yd fjk;a ish¨‍ wdrlaIl úêúOdk

iys; j uOH m%foaYfha m%Odk Èia;%slalj, ud¾.

jeäÈhqKq lsÍug;a md,ï yd ÿïßh ud¾. .=jka

md,ï bÈlsÍug;a ie,iqïlr we;' uOH m%foaYfha

m%jdyk myiqlï jvd;a úêu;a yd kùlrKhùu;a

iuÕ m%jdyk ld,h ishhg 25lska wvqlsÍug yels

fõ hehs weia;fïka;=lr we;' m%foaYfha wd¾Ól

ixj¾Okh" wOHdmkh iy fi!LH myiqlïj,

j¾Okh i|yd th fya;= jkq we;ehs wfmalaIs; h'

fufia kj ixj¾Ok nexl=j úiska 2016 jir ;=<

ì%laia idudðl rgj, jHdmD;s 7 la i|yd tlai;a

ckmo fvd,¾ ì,shk 1'5 blau jQ Kh uqo,a

m%udKhla wkqu;lr we;' 2016 jir ;=< wkqu;

lrk ,o jHdmD;s yf;ka 6la u iQ¾h yd iq<x n,

jeks mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s jHdmD;s i|yd wkqu;

lrk ,o w;r wfkla jHdmD;sh Kh wkqu; lr

we;af;a ud¾. ixj¾Ok jHdmD;shla i|yd h'

mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s jHdmD;s i|yd Kh ,nd§u

;=<ska kj ixj¾Ok nexl=j úiska ;srir ixj¾Okh

yd yß; n,Yla;sh lrd fhduqùu meyeÈ,s fõ'

wdY%s; .%ka:

1' BRICS 2017 - The Role of BRICS in the World Economy and International Development

2' https($$www'ndb'int$

3' New Perspectives on the BRICS Bank - Views from Brazil" India and China on the New Development Bank

4' The New Development Bank Its Role in Achieving BRICS Renewable Energy Targets - Institute for Energy Economics( and Financial Analysis


hï ;eke;af;l= úiska isÿ lrkq ,enQ jrolg

fyda uq,sl whs;sjdislï lvlsÍulg

fyda udkj ysñlï W,a,x>kh lsÍulg

wod< j f;dr;=re okakd mqoa.,fhl=" we;eï úg

tlS f;dr;=re kS;sh n,d;aul lsÍfï wêldßhlg

fyda wêlrKh fj; bÈßm;a lsÍug ue<s fjk

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mqoa.,hdg wkd.;fha § hï ydkshlg" ;¾ckhlg"

ìh.ekaùulg" m<s .ekSulg" uqyqK §ug isÿ

fõhehs we;s jk wkdrlaIs; ye`.Su ksid nj fmkS

hhs' wmrdOhla ms<sn| j meñ‚,s fkd lsÍu iy

idlaIslrejka bÈßm;a fkd ùu hk ;;a;ajhka

hgf;a wmrdO mÍlaIK iy kvqldrhka wid¾:l

úh yels w;r rfÜ wmrdO /,a,la f.dv ke.sh

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idlaIslrejka yg iyh §fï iy wdrlaId

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wys;lr ;;a;ajhka u. yeÍu Wfoid" wmrdOhl

úkaÈ;hka ^Victims& iy idlaIslrejkaf.a

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whs;sjdislï iy ysñlï wdrlaId lsÍu iy m%%j¾Okh

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fldñIka iNdjlg fyda wêlrKhla bÈßfha idlaIs

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rdcldÍ lrk ks,OdÍka we;=¿ j fmdÿfõ tjeks

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mkf;a m%%;smdok wkqj ysñ jk iyh iy wdrlaIdj

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• kS;sh n,d;aul lsÍfï ks,Orfhl= fj;

f;dr;=re imhd fyda meñ‚,a,la lr tlS

f;dr;=r fyda meñ‚,a, mokï lr f.k

úu¾Ykhla wdrïN lr we;af;a kï fyda"

kS;shhs Tnhs(

wêlrKh bÈßfha idlaIslrejl= jk Tng we;s whs;sjdislï iy ysñlï

mú;%%s ú;dkf.a fcHaIaG iyldr wOHlaI kS;s iy wkql+,;d fomd¾;fïka;=j

24 2019 wfm%%a' - cQQks

• oekg wdrïN lr we;s úu¾Ykhlg f;dr;=re

iemhSula fyda m%%ldYhla ,nd § we;akï fyda"

• wmrdO úkaÈ;fhl= úiska lr we;s meñ‚,a,lg

fyda mjrd we;s kvqjlg iyh ùug Èjqreï

fm;aiula fyda m%%ldYhla ,nd § we;akï fyda"

• fldñIka iNdjlg f;dr;=re fyda ksfõokhka

imhd we;akï fyda"

• kS;sh n,d;aul lsÍfï ks,Orfhl= fj; ,nd

fok ,o f;dr;=re fyda m%%ldY u; wêlrKhla

fyda fldñIka iNdjlg idlaIs ,nd §ug ;uka

j le|jk njg úYajdi lrkafka kï fyda

• wêlrKfhka fyda fldñIka iNdjlska is;dis

,enqfõ kï"

tlS mqoa.,hd zidlaIslrejl=Z f,i w¾: olajd we;'

hï jrola iïnkaOfhka úu¾Ykhla isÿ lr we;s

rcfha ks,Odßfhl= o idlaIslrejl= hg;g we;=<;a

fõ'

tfia u jeäÿrg;a idlaIslre hk ks¾jpkhg

wmrdO úkaÈ;fhl=" <ud idlIslrejl=" <ud

idlaIslrejl=f.a uõmshka fyda Ndrlrejka fyda

tjeks idlaIslrejl=f.a mjqf,a idudðlfhla

fyda hefmkafkla fyda ta ;eke;a;dg iqúfYaIS

jeo.;alula we;s fjk;a hï ;eke;af;l="

úfYaI idlaIslrejl= iy hï jrolg iel

lrk fyda fpdaokdjlg ,la jQ wfhl= fjkqfjka

idlaIshg le|jkq ,enQ wfhl= o woyia fõ'

3' idlaIslrejl=f.a whs;sjdislï

^1& fm!oa.,sl;ajh wdrlaId lsÍu

kS;sh n,d;aul lrk wdh;khlg f;dr;=re

imhk wjia:djl §" meñ‚,a,la bÈßm;a lrk

wjia:djl § fyda lg W;a;rhla ,nd fok

wjia:djl § fyda fldñIka iNdjlg fyda

wêlrKhla bÈßfha idlaIs ,nd fok wjia:djl

§" idlaIslref.a f.!rjh /flkd f,ig iy ish

mqoa.,sl;ajhg ydks fkd jk f,ig úu¾Yk" w¾O

wêlrK fyda wêlrK n,Orhkaf.ka ie,l=ï

,eîug idlaIslrejl= yg ysñlula we;s njg

mkf;a 5 jk j.ka;sfha i|yka lr we;'

^2& ysßyerhlg" ìh .ekaùulg" n, lsÍulg" fyda ì|ùulg Ndckh fkd ùu

hï idlaIslrejl=" f;dr;=re ,nd §u" úu¾Ykhl

fyda mÍlaIKhl § iafjÉPd m%%ldYhla lsÍu"

fyda wêlrKh fyda fldñIka iNdjla bÈßfha

idlaIs ,nd §u fya;=fjka tlS idlaIslre ljr

fyda wdldrfha ysßyerhlg" ìh .ekaùulg" n,

lsÍulg" fyda ì| ùulg m;a fkd úh hq;= njg

mkf;a 5 jk j.ka;sfha i|yka lr we;'

^3& wdrlaIdj ,nd .ekSu

f;dr;=re ,nd §u" lg W;a;rhla §u" fyda

meñ‚,a,la bÈßm;a lsÍu" úu¾Ykhl fyda

mÍlaIKhl § iafjÉPd m%%ldYhla lsÍu" fyda

wêlrKh fyda fldñIka iNdjla bÈßfha

kvqlrhla mejÍu fyda idlaIs ,nd §u fya;=fjka

tlS idlaIslre ljr fyda wdldrfha ysßyerhlg"

ìh .ekaùulg" n, lsÍulg" fyda ì|ùulg

m;a lsÍug tfrys j tlS idlaIslreg wdrlaIdj

,nd .ekSug ysñlula we;s nj o kS;sfha i|yka

lr we;' tfia u" mdol jk jro fyda uq,sl

whs;sjdislï lvùu tlS idlaIslref.a fiajd

ia:dkfha fyda fiajd jgmsgdfõ § isÿ jQQjla kï

Tyqg udkisl j" ldhsl j fyda lS¾;skduhg

ydkshla fyda w,dNhla isÿ ùug fya;= jkakd jQ

hï ysßyerhlg" ìh .ekaùulg" n,lsÍulg fyda

ì| ùulg fyda" Tyqf.a /lshdfõ we;s jk wys;lr

fjkiaùulg tfrys j o tlS idlaIslreg wdrlaIdj

,nd .ekSug ysñlula we;'

4' idlaIslrejl=g tfrys j isÿlrk jerÈ iy ta yd Bg wod< o~qjï

4'1 ;¾ckh lsÍu

meñ‚,a,la bÈßm;a lsÍu je<elaùu" fyda idlaIs

,nd§u je<elaùu fyda meñ‚,a, fyda mjrd

we;s kvqlrhla b,a,d wia lr .ekSfï wruq‚ka"

tlS idlaIslref.a YÍrhg lS¾;skduhg fyda

foam<j,g ydkshla isÿ lr ;¾ckh lsÍu u.ska

jrola lrkakd jQ mqoa.,fhl=g uydêlrKh úiska

wjqreÿ 10lg fkd jeä nkaOkd.dr.; lsÍfï

o~qjula iy remsh,a úis oyil ovhla mekúh

yels h ^fuh tlS idlaIslreg iïnkOhla we;s

fjk;a ;eke;af;l=f.a YÍrhg lS¾;skduhg fyda


foam<j,g ydkshla isÿlr ;¾ckh lsÍug o wod<

fõ&'

4'2 m%%;sysxid lsÍu

i' tlS idlaIslreg ;=jd, isÿ lsÍula

u.ska jrola lrkakdjQ mqoa.,fhl=g

uydêlrKh úiska wjqreÿ 10lg fkd jeä

nkaOkd.dr.; lsÍfï o~qjula iy remsh,a

úis oyil ovhla mekúh yels h'

ii' tlS idlaIslreg nrm;, ;=jd, isÿ lsÍu

fyda whq;= wjysrhla isÿlsÍu u.ska jrola

lrkakdjQ mqoa.,fhl=g uydêlrKh úiska

wjqreÿ 12lg fkd jeä nkaOkd.dr.;

lsÍfï o~qjula iy remsh,a ;sia oyil

ovhla mekúh yels h'

iii' tlS idlaIslrej hï ia:dkhlska msg lsÍu

i|yd" n, lsÍulska fyda jxpd iy.;

Wml%u u.ska n,h wksis f,i fh§fuka

fyda fjk;a hï n, lsÍulska fmd<Ujd

.ekSfuka jrola lrkakd jQ mqoa.,fhl=g



;sia oyil ovhla mekúh yels h'

iv' tlS idlaIslref.a foam<j,g whq;= iy.;

mdvqjla" w,dNhla fyda úkdYhla isÿ lsÍug

woyia lsÍfuka fyda isÿ lsÍfuka jrola

lrkakd jQ mqoa.,fhl=g uydêlrKh úiska

wjqreÿ 12 lg fkd jeä nkaOkd.dr.;

lsÍfï o~qjula iy remsh,a ;sia oyil

ovhla mekúh yels h'

4'2 ysßyerhla" ìh .ekaùula" n, lsÍula" fyda ì|ùula" fyda ldhsl iy udkisl fõokdjla fyda Tyqf.a lS¾;shg ydkshla fyda w,dNhla lrk fyda tlS idlaIslref.a fiajd ia:dkfha fiajd ;;a;ajhg wys;lr fjkialula isÿ lsÍu

uydêlrKh úiska wjqreÿ 7lg fkdjeä


myf<dia oyil ovhla mekúh yels h'

4'3 idlaIslrejl= úiska ,ndfok ,oaodjQ f;dr;=re fyda Tyqf.a wkkH;dj ;=kajk md¾Yajhlg fy<s lr Ôú;h wk;=rg ,la lsÍu

ioaNdjfhka" kS;Hkql=, úêúOdk fyda ls%hd

mámdá fyda kshu fyda úOdkj,g wkql=,

ùul § yer hï idlaIslrejl= úiska ,nd fok

,oaodjQ f;dr;=re fyda Tyqf.a wkkH;dj ;=kajk

md¾Yajhlg fy<s lr Ôú;h wk;=rg ,la lrk

hï ;eke;af;l=g uydêlrKh úiska wjqreÿ

7lg fkd jeä nkaOkd.dr.; lsÍfï o~qjula

iy remsh,a myf<dia oyil ovhla mekúh yels

h' fulS o~qju hï idlaIslrejl=f.a wdrlaIdj

iïnkaO f;dr;=re ,nd §u u.ska Ôú;h wk;=rg

,la lrk hï ;eke;af;l=g o wod< fõ'

4'4 idlaIslrejl=g w,a,ila m%%odkh lsÍu

kvqlrhla mejÍu" i;H f;dr;=re iemhSu fyda

idlaIs ,nd §u je<elaùu" wffO¾hhg m;a lsÍu

fyda wjysr lsÍfï wruqKska w,a,ila m%%odkh

lsÍu" iemhSu fyda ,nd §u isÿ lrk ;eke;a;dg



myf<dia oyil ovhla mekúh yels h'

fuu jerÈ isÿ lsÍug ;e;a lsÍu" fm<Uùu"

fÉ;kdkaú; j iyh ùu iy l=uka;%%Kh lsÍu

hk jerÈ i|yd o wod< jro isÿ l< mqoa.,fhl=g

mkjk o~qju u wod< fõ'

fuu jerÈ isÿ lrk mqoa.,fhl= jfrka;=jlska

f;dr j w;awvx.=jg .ekSug yels w;r Tyqg

wem ,nd .; yels jkqfha wNshdpkdêlrKfhka

mu‚'

kS;sfha wdêm;Hh mj;sk rgl wmrdO isÿ ùu wvq

lsÍu Wfoid fmd,Sish jeks kS;sh n,d;aul lrk

wdh;khla bÈßfha fyda wêlrKh bÈßmsg kvq

lghq;a;l § fyda idlaIslrejl=g ìfhka f;dr j

idlaIs ,nd §ug WmldÍ jk tfia u Tjqkag kS;sh

u.ska /ljrKh i,ik jg msgdjla Wodlr,Su

fuu mk;ska wfmalaId lrk ,o nj tys wvx.=

m%%;smdokj,ska meyeÈ,s fõ'

26 2019 wfm%%a' - cQQks

1 ye¢kaùu(

fmdÿ ms<s.ekSula we;s" yqjudre udOHhla f,i

l%shd lrk" f.ùï lghq;= i|yd fmdÿfõ Ndú;

jk uqo,a" ´kE u rgl § ksl=;a lsÍfï yelshdj

we;af;a ta i|yd n,h,;a wêldßhlg mu‚' tfia

ksl=;a lrk ,o uqo,a bmhSfï § fuka u .kqfokq

i|yd Ndú; lsÍfï § o th fmdÿfõ ms<s.kq

,nk kS;s rduqjla ;=< isÿ l,hq;= j we;' ir, j

i|yka l<fyd;a" wh:d wdldrj,ska uqo,a bmehSu

fuka u wh:d lghq;= i|yd uqo,a úhoï lsÍu o

kS;s úfrdaë f,i i,lkq ,nhs' th tfia jqjo"

fndfyda rgj, úêu;a ffk;sl wd¾Ól rduqfjka

msg; isÿjk wh:d wd¾Ól .kqfokq o wvq jeä

jYfhka isÿfjkjd fkd wkqudk h' fu jka kS;s

úfrdaë wd¾Ól .kqfokqj,ska ´kE u rgl úêu;a"

ffk;sl wd¾Ól lghq;= flfrys t,a, jkafka

wys;lr n,mEuls' tneúka" t jeks wh:d wd¾Ól

.kqfokq je<elaùu i|yd f,dj mqrd rgj, úúO

kS;s iy fr.=,dis l%shd;aul j mj;S'

f.da,ShlrKh yryd wh:d wkaoñka bmehQ

uqo,aj, iy t jeks .kqfokqj, wys;lr n,mEu

fiiq rgj,g o jHdma; ùfï oeä wjodkula

mj;S' t neúka" t jeks .kqfokq je<elaùug

f,dal iïu; ks¾foaYhka ;Èka u l%shd;aul fjhs'

fu jka ;;a;ajhla ;=< lsishï mqoa.,fhl= fyda

lKavdhula hï kS;s úfrdaë wdldrhlska uqo,a

W;amdokh lrkq ,nhs o" t f,i Wmhd.;a wh:d

Okh úêu;a wd¾Ól rduqj ;=< jeh lsÍï i|yd

W;aidy orhs o" t fia lsÍfï § uqo,a Wmhd .kq

,enQ wh:d wdldrh fkdfyd;a kS;s úfrdaë uQ,dY%h

iÕjd ;nd .; hq;=u fjhs'

1'1 uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh

fu f,i ffk;sl fkdjk whqßka uqo,a Wmhd .kq

,nk uQ,dY% w;r" kS;s úfrdaë f,i isÿlrk u;aøjH

uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh isÿjkafka

uQ,H wdh;k yryd muKla fkdfõ

uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh isÿjkafka

uQ,H wdh;k yryd muKla fkdfõ

fjf<|du" wú wdhqO fjf<|du" i;a;aj iy ñksia

fj<|du" ffcj fldgia cdjdru" .‚ld jD;sfhys

fh§u" ixúOdkd;aul j isÿ lrk wmrdO" fydr

nvq cdjdru iy rchg f.úh hq;= nÿ uqo,a fkdf.

jd meyer yeÍu wdÈh m%uqLia:dkfhys mj;S' fu

jeks ffk;sl fkd jk ud¾.j,ska Wmhd.;a uqo,a

úúO wruqKq i|yd fhoùfï § tajd ms<s.;a ffk;sl

wd¾Ól rduqj ;=<g we;=<;a lsÍu w;HjYH fjhs'

ta i|yd uqo,a Wmhd .kq ,enQ ffk;sl fkdjk

uQ,dY%h iÕjd ;nd .ksñka ffk;sl j W;amdokh

lr .kq ,enQ uqo,a iu. t lS uqo,a uqiq lsÍfï §

th b;d iQlaIau whqßka l< hq;= j we;' ukao h;a"

t fia isÿ lsÍu kS;s úfrdaë l%shdjla neúks'

fuf,i —‍ffk;sl fkd jk wdldrhkaf.ka

bmehQ uqo,a kS;Hkql+, wd¾Ól .kqfokqj,ska

bmehQ uqo,a iu. uqiq lsÍfï wruq‚ka tajdfhys

wh:d W;amdok uQ,dY%h iÕjd ;nñka" kS;Hkql+,

Ndjhla wdfrdamKh lsÍfï l%shdj,sh uqo,a

úY=oaêlrKh˜‍ f,i ye÷kajkq ,efí' ta wkqj"

lsishï rgl mj;akd kS;s fr.=,dis m%ldr j kS;s

úfrdaë hhs kïlrk ,o lghq;=j, ksr; ùfuka

uqo,a Wmhd .ekSu" tlS uqo,a W;amdok ud¾.h jika

fldg kS;Hkql+, wd¾Ól lghq;=j,g fhoùu iy

tuÕska tlS uqo,a fyda wh:d f,i /ia lr.;a

Okh i|yd kS;Hkql+, Ndjhla wdfrdamKh lsÍu

iy miqj tlS uqo,a fyda /ia lr.kakd ,o Okhla

iajlSh iqL úyrKhg fyda fjk;a jQ kS;s úfrdaë

l%shd ;r lsÍug fyda idmrdë l%shdjkays kshe,Sug

fyda ke;fyd;a ;%ia;jd§ lKavdhï kv;a;= lsÍug

fhdod .ekSfï l%shdj,sh uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh f,i

y÷kd .kq ,nhs' fuu l%shdj,sh isoaOdka; jYfhka

my; mßÈ m%Odk wÈhr ;=kla hgf;a olajkq ,nhs'

by; igyfka oelafjk wÈhr 1 wjia:dfõ §"

f;acd m;afíßhfcHaIaG iyldr wOHlaI

uQQ,H nqoaê tallh


kS;s úfrdaë f,i Wmhd .kq ,enQ uqo,a kS;Hkql+,

wd¾Ól lghq;=j, kshq;= wdh;k yryd úêu;a

wd¾Ól rduqj ;=<g ia:dmkh lsÍu isÿ lrkq ,nhs'

fndfyda úg fuu l%shdj isÿ lrkq ,nkafka uQ,H

wdh;k" úfYaIfhka u jd‚c nexl= yryd h' t fia

u" uQ,H fkd jk wdh;k o fï i|yd wjNdú;

lsÍfï by< yelshdjla mj;S'

wÈhr 2 wjia:dfõ § t f,i ia:dmkh lrkq ,enQ

uqo,a úúO .sKqïj,g udre lr yeÍu isÿ lrkq

,nhs' fuh b;d u ixlS¾K l%shdjla jk w;r

fu u.ska uqo,a W;amdokfha mej;s wh:d iajNdjh

;jÿrg;a iÕjd ;nd .ksñka .kqfokqfjys w.

uq, wkdjrKh lr .; fkd yels f,ig kd kd

fldgiaj,ska hq;= iïñY%s; iajNdjhla .kqfokqj

;=<g muqKqjkq ,nhs' fuys§ uqo,a foaYSh fukau

úfoaYSh nexl=j, mqoa., .sKqï ;=<g udrelr

heùu" tf,i udre lr heùfï§ uqo,a m%udK l=vd

tallj,g fjka lsÍu jeks l%shdjka isÿ lrkq

,nhs' fndfyda ÿrg úoHq;a uqo,a yqjudre l%u fï

i|yd Ndú;d lrkq ,nhs'

wÈhr 3 hgf;a fuu uqo,a ffk;sl wd¾Ól lghq;=

iu. iïñY%Kh lsÍu isÿ lrkq ,nhs' tys §" tu

uqo,a Ndú;d lr úúO iqfLdamfNda.S NdKav ñ,§

.ekSu" ksjdi yd bvlvï ñ,§ .ekSu iy úúO

wdfhdackhka isÿ lsÍu" ksoiqkla f,i rd;%S iudc

Yd,d mj;ajdf.k hEu" wdydr fjf<|i,a" fydag,a

jeks jHdmdrhkays wdfhdackh lsÍu o isÿ lrkq

,nhs' fu f,i isÿ lrkq ,nk wdfhdackhka

wd¾Ól ,dN wfmalaIdfjka isÿ fkdlrk

w;r yqfola u wh:d W;amdok uQ,dY%h iÕjd

;nd .ekSug yd uqo,a wjYH jQ úg th /f.k

jHdmdrfhka bj;aj hdfï l+g wruqK we;s j isÿ

lrkq ,nhs' t neúka" fu jeks wdfhdackhkaf.ka

iudchg w;ajkafka ydkshla ñi w¾:,dNhla kï

fkdfõ' fuu wjia:dj jk úg uqo,a W;amdokfhys

jxpksl iajNdjh fndfyda ÿrg hgm;a lr,Sug

uqo,a úY=oaêlrKfhys kshef<kakkag yelshdj

mj;S'

1'2 uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh iy t u.ska wd¾Ól lghq;= flfrys jk n,mEu

uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh rgl wd¾Ól lghq;= flfrys

wys;lr f,i n,mdhs' fuys we;s wjodku jkafka

uqo,a úY=oaêlrKfhys kshef<kakka fuf,i

wdfhdackh isÿ lrkafka fyda ksjdi bvlvï

ñ,§ .kafka wd¾Ól ,dN ysñlr .ekSug fyda

mÈxÑh i|yd fkd ùuhs' Tjqka fkdfnda Èklska

u fuu ksjdi bvlvï úl=Kd oud ish wh:d

whqßka W;amdÈ; uqo,a kej; ysñlr .kS' tu uqo,a

ish jxpdldÍ l%shd ;jÿrg;a ;r lr .ekSu fyda

;%ia;jdoh fmdaIKh lsÍu jeks wys;lr l%shd

i|yd fhdod .ekSfï yelshdj o b;d by< h'

ue‚la yd iaj¾KdNrK jeks ñ, wêl NdKav

ñ,§ .ekSu o fu jeks mqoa.,hka úiska fu

f,i u há wruqKq we;s j isÿ lrkq ,nhs' fuys

wksgq wd¾Ól m%;sM,hla f,i wkjYH mßÈ" ksis

wd¾Óluh fya;=jla fkdue;s j t lS NdKavj,

ñ, by< hEu ;=<ska tu NdKavj, fjf<|fmd<

w.hhka b;d by< uÜgulg meñŒu oelaúh yels

h' fu jeks isoaëka uÕska tlS wd¾Ólhkays iqug

l%shdldß;ajhg ndOd meñfKkq we;' fu jeks l%shd

fya;=fjka fjf<|fmd< .ekqï úl=Kqï l%shdj,sh

u; ;SrKh jk ñ, .Kka fjkqjg lD;Su ñ<

hdka;%Khka we;sùu j<ld,sh fkd yels h' t fia

u" jxpdldß iy idmrdë l%shd ;j ;j;a ;rùu

u.ska ffk;sl wd¾Ól rduqj ì| jeà úúO jQ

idudÔh" wd¾Ól iy foaYmd,k .eg¨‍ rdYshla

lrd wd¾Ólhka fhduq lsr,Sfï wjodku o by<

uÜgul mj;S'

wÈhr 1 wÈhr 2 wÈhr 3

igyk 1(

ia:dmkh lsÍu

(Placement) (Layering) (Integration)

úúO wxYj,g fnod ±laùu ixl,kh lsÍu

28 2019 wfm%%a' - cQQks

1'3 uQ,H jHdmdr ud¾.fhka isÿjk uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh iy thg úreoaO j l%shd;aul jk f.da,Sh tlÕ;djka

^w& uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh i|yd nexl= iy uQ,H

wdh;k fhdod .ekSu(

w;S;fha mgka uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh i|yd Ndú; l<

m%Odk u ud¾.hla f,i uQ,H jHdmdr m%p,s; j

mj;S' nexl= iy nexl= fkdjk wfkl=;a uQ,H

wdh;k yryd wh:d whqßka Wmhk ,o Okh

i|yd kS;suh iajNdjhla wdfrdamKh lr §u iq<N

j isÿ flreKq nj m%p,s; lreKls' ksoiqkla

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