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S5RJUCP LYF LHK VS6W N,TC LJ(C K< LN NX(CLOW, VX'CU OH, LY(NT, L]0P\�YCU K<_ NP,(a (T\ LHQa Q80 G8U NUQ OH, DXSCYa ECU\ E9\ VS6W TU,N\ QCOLO.T, MC[NCU, LPOG, K<_ KU LHN LUKCLH6 GC ECNCLHGC ECKU, W,P �LMVLYF 6CPO KQ .STNCU� SLUYCU GC P<1EU� V\YC S5GCQ NUQ YCOC (T\PCQLVN LVKT VWC3� UCK,1 PX#OaN[ NUYCLH(C MaGC K<_

LHK S5RJUCP V\YCYa G\ QT,LM(a (T\ W,LF(a G\ S5CV<V S5T,MYCEG\K K< (T\ LHK MC[NCU, .STNCUa� SLUYCUa (T\ 30IUaT#N SKX0FCDX[ GC L]0P\YCU K<_

ORNa QCO JOECT V0FCU NUQ G, Y, S5LN5(C K< LMV UCK, SLUYCUa� .STNCUa(T\ 30IUa QCO JOECT NUN\ LQUS#. LG56W, TR1 W,LF(a G, S5CST, G, S&C[N,T, MC VNG, K<_

L6NCLHTa VX[Q GC S5E0' (T\ (S,O S5RV,]U E9, VS6WTCQCO GLV(C LJ(C K<_

L6NCLHT (T\ (S,O G\ S5RV,]Ua T#N SKX0F &\T, KR MC[ GC S5E0' K< (T\ LHKQaECU\ .STNCUa (T\ SLUYCUa Q80 E9, VS6WTC QCO GLV(C KRLH(C K<_

S5RJUCP LYF V\YCYa LYF VX'CU NUQ OH, .RM G,(a O%#Ta G,YUTR1 N,T, MaG, K<_

.RM DXT\ OJCTCU LULYD8 N,TC MaGC K< (T\ LHV G,(a O%#Ta Q80 V\YCYa G\ VX'CUOH, YULT(C MaGC K<_

V\YC G, MYCEG\K,

S5RJUCP LMK9, (CECG, Q80 V\YC S5GCQ NUGC K< DXV ECU\MC[NCU, LHN#7, NUQ (T\ DXV G, YUTR1 NUQ GC S5E0' U.GCK<_

S5RJUCP Q80 LHV G, DXSZRJTC ECU\ ]U8U U,SRUW G\[, FCK,G, K< MR LVKT (L'�NCU,(a YOR1 VCO LYF LHN YCU, LHN#TU N,T, MaG, K< (T\ LVKT P0TUCO\ Q80%\M, MaG, K< Ta MR LUKCLH6 ECU\ VOCQC U,SRUW LYF 6CPO N,T, MC VN\_

�� !�"��

.RM GVG, K< LN S5RJUCPa GC Y',(C QT,MC $GR1 VCKP[\ (CDX1GC K< MGR1 DXK .STNCUa Q80 VL4U� Y.U\Y\1 TR1 LEQa

Y',(C LUKCLH6 � FX[Q� KCVO NUQ� (T\ U.[� LYF P#GG NUG\ KQ (T\� LHK V0MRJ, T#4 DXKQa Q80 DXT6CLKT

NUG\ KQ LN DXK ULK[ LMDX[ G\ LH0T]CP OH, LPO[ YCO, VKCLHTC GC S#'U LQ6LFT NUQ �Blanch and

Carling, 1988�_ .STNCU G, SV0G %CYQCTLPN .X6KCO,� ULK[, G, VL4UTC (T\ LUKCLH6, VTX06W, QCO

V0E0L'T KX0G, K< � Best Practices in Mental Health Reform, 1997�

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(CP T2U T\� LUKCLH6, PCIOa G, .RM Ma LUKCLH6, )aLF(a G\ DXK U8S MR Y',(C QT,M\ LG0G\ KQ� (M\ Y, PX)O\G2U LYF KQ_ L3U Y, VCKP[\ (C UK\ S5PC[ T\ VK, LQZ0TLUT (L'(<Q VX-CDX1G\ KQ LN J0%,U (T\ LQU0TUULK[ YCO\ PCQLVN URJa YCO\ LY(NT,(a OH, LUKCLH6 G\ DXT#P (L%(CV VKCLHTC6XGC LUKCLH6, .\TU LYF K,LPO[J\ (Nelson et al.; Brown et al, 1991; Dixon et al.; Champney and Dzurec, 1992; Hurlburt et

al, 1996)_ VKCLHTC6XGC VXT0TU ULK[, QCO MX9\ Ka�S#., QT,M\ �Nelson, et al, in press) K\7 LO.\ KQ �

• KVSTCOa LYF GC.O\ G, GU LYF NP, (Brown et al, 1991; Burek et al, 1996)

• LEPCU, G\ O&#[a LYF *CWC (Dixon et al, 1994)

• Y', KRH, LUKCLH6, VL4UTC (Depp et al, 1986; Dixon et al, 1993; Hurlburt et al, 1996; Newman

et al, 1994; Nelson, in press)

• Y', KRH, .STNCU G, VTX06W, (Champney and Dzurec, 1992)

• Y', KRH, VXT0TUTC� VPU#4C (T\ %8LPNC KCVO NUQ LYF YC'C (Boydell and Everett, 1992; Nelson,

Hall., and Walsh-Bowers, 1995; Nelson et al, 1997; Newman et al, 1994; Ridgeway and

Rapp, 1997)

• NLPDXLQW, H\N,NUQ (Aubrey an Myner, 1996; Boydell and Everett, 1992; Ridgeway and

Zipple, 1990a, 1990b).

VX'U, KRH, LUKCLH6, VTX06W, (T\ VKCLHTC6XGC LUKCLH6, VL4UTC G\ QT,M\� LUKCLH6, (CU4N VKCLHTC G,SKX0F (Champney and Dzurec, 1992; Hurlburt et al, 1996; Newman et al, 1994; Nelson et al, in

press) (T\ .STNCU G, FR[ (T\ LQZ0TU[ (Newman, et al 1994) QCO V0E0L'T KQ_ VELVI,(a G\ LPO[�(T\ FR[ (T\ LQZ0TU[ G, YUTR1 QCO .STNCUa Q80 Y'\U\ F0J, (T\ L](CGC VTX06W, YCO, LUKCLH6 T#N SKX0F KX0G,K<� LMV G\ QT,M\ YMR1 O0P\ VP\1 T#N G, (Y', (T\ Y'\U\ VTX06W, G, V0%CYQC KX0G, K<_

VPCLMN LHN#OTC GC .TUC VKCLHTC6XGC LUKCLH6, (SURF G, LHN *CW YMR1 LQ6CQG\K KRLH(C K< (Champney

and Dzurec, 1992; Depp et al., 1986; Friedrich, et al, 1999)_ .STNCUa Q\ LHN#OTC Q80� VXT0TU T2U T\ULK[ LYF (CDX1GC LHN V% TR1 L](CGC Y#IC VP#LV(CJT PVOC P0LQ(C K<� LHN K#O� NX- N\Va LYF� QT,M\ YMR1KVSTCO YCSV, Ma U<],I<16O N\(U V\YC O<[, KR VNGC K<_ LHK ]U8U, K< LN VKCLHTC6XGC LUKCLH6 G,(a V\YCYaLYF VPCLMN Y.U\Ya *WCDX[ DXT\ LY6\6 3RNV KRY\� (LMK,(a FR[a UCK,1 LMY\1 Va-,(a JUX#S VUJUP,(a Ma%CH,FCUN UVRH, LYF .C[C_

VKCLHTC G, LNVP (T\ S'#U VKCLHTC6XGC LUKCLH6, PCIOa GC LHN ]U8U, SLKO8 K< (T\ LHVG\ QT,LM(a Q80ZRJ VKCLHTC G\ S'#U TR1 EJ<U QK,1 KCVO N,TC MC VNGC_ PCQLVN LVKT VX'CU OH, DXT#P (L%(CVa GC LULYD8

�� (QXVCU� M\ .STNCUa Q80 %CH,FCU\ LYF H\N,NUQ NUQ OH, OR9,1G\ (06 DXSO%' QK,1 N,T\ MaG\ Ma30Ia G, *CW K< Ta VKCLHTC6XGC LUKCLH6 KR VNGC K< ��(T,T LYF LQJUCQ, K\7 U.\ LUKCLH6, S5E0'a GC K,LHN KRU U8S E[ MCY\_�

Nelson (T\ KRU� (S5<V LYF ) VKCLHTC6XGC LUKCLH6 Q80 EV\U\ G\ U8S G\ S#.R1 QK,1� VJR1 VKCLHTC G, LNVP G\ S.R1SLU%CL6T NUGC K<_ VKCLHTC6XGC LUKCLH6, PCIO LYF VKCLHTC LY(NT,�N\1LG5T K<� �� ]RU LGTC LJ(C K< VY<�VKCLHTC (T\ NXGUT, VKCLU(a DXT\� (T\ S\6CYU V\YCYa T\ ]RU *#WCLH(C LJ(C K<_

14 ��

LHV LY', Q80 YUT[ QCO� LY(NT, (CS[\ *Ua LYF V2., TUa YV VNG\ KQ� LMK9\ DXK FX[G\ KQ� (T\ VKCH,

LU6T\GCU DXQ+a Q80 (CS[\ %CH,FCU\ LYF LK#VC O<[ (T\ LH#&T YV,LO(a T#N SKX0F[ LYF P#GG NUG\ KQ_�

(Nelson et al, in press) VKCLHTC6XGC LUKCLH6, PCIO� LHPCUTa QCOR1 V\YCYa GC LO0N�TR9 N\ DXQ+a Q80

.STNCUa G,(a OR9a (T\ LH#&CYa (QXVCU DXKQa QCO MR9GC K<_

Ridgway (T\ Zipple VKCLHTC6XGC LUKCLH6 G\ V0NOS Q80 LHVTUa LE(CQ NUG\ KQ LMY\1 LNV\ QP8Q\ GC

EGOYC U8S KRY\ LM4\ V\YCYa O<[ YCO\ GC EXLQ(CG, URO .STNCU Ma PU,] TR1 EGO N\ �%CH,FCU\ GC P<1EU�

LNUCH\GCU� *U YCOC Ma *U GC PCON Y, E[ MaGC K<� (T\ LM4\ �(CP LNUGCU G,(a P0Ja� VKCLHTC (T\ KXQUa

G, LV.OCH, GC N\1GU E[G,(a KQ (T\ QP8Q\ G\ LYYKCU (T\ V'CUQ NCUM NUQ G, ZRJTC G, P0J (CO\ GX(CO\

G\ �(V8Oa G\ SCU.8� YCTCYU[ YOR1 PX9 N,T, MaG, K<�� (Ridgeway and Zipple, 1990)

.STNCU G, LUKCLH6, FR[a G, .RM GUVCDX1G, K< LN V% TR1 Y#' LMKQa T#Ta Q80 TUM,K LGT, MaG, K<� Ma OR9 ECU\

'CUQC K<� DXKQa Q80 K\7a LGT, V8F, LYF GUM N,TC LJ(a K<_ LHV OH, LHK SLKO8 LUKCLH6, LYNCV G, Q,T,

(T\ LYDX1T LYF 6CPO N,T\ MC[\ FCK,G\ KQ LMV QCO DXT#P (L%(CVa GC LY',�LJ(CQ ZN,Q, KRY\�

• LUKCLH6, 4a FX[Q G, VXT0TUTC (Blanch and Carling, 1988; Carling, 1993; Ridgeway and Zipple,

1990; Tanzman, 1993)

• QP8Q\ G\ LUKCLH6, (CO\�GX(CO\ LYF (CS[C *U Ma (SCUWP<1W KR[C (Blanch and Carling, 1998;

Carling, 1993; Owen, et al, 1996)

• VL4U �S#NC� LUKCLH6 (Blanch and Carling, 1988; Carling, 1993; Nelson, et al, in press;

Ridgeway and Zipple, 1990; Tanzman, 1993)

• LHN#O\ Ma S5\P, QCO ULK[C (Tanzman, 1993)

• (2Q�NCO (CD8WU,F VWC3 G, DXSO%',� MR DXQ+a Q80 ULK[ YCO,(a VL4T,(a LYF PGG NU VN\ (Carling,

1993; Nelson, et al, Tanzman, 1993)

• DXQ+a Q80 LPO[ YCO, PGG G, LNVP (T\ PCTUC LQ6LFT NUQ G, VXT0TUTC (Carling, 1993)

• .XGPX.LT(CU LHOCM (T\ ULK[ G\ TU,N\ FX[Q G, VXT0TUTC (Carling, 1993)

• SGCU4N P#GG� LMY\1 W<O,3RQ� LNUCH\ LYF LHPGCG� (CYCMCH, G\ VC'Qa LYF VKCLHTC (CLG (Tanzman,

1993)_

LMY\1 SLKOa GLV(C LJ(C K<� .STNCU FR[a DX4R1 T#N K, V0%Y KQ LM4R1 TN LN .STNCU G\ FX[\ YV,O\ DXSOE'

KQ_ VCLKT VX-CDX1GC K< LN PCQLVN LVKT V\YCYa S5GCQ NUQ YCLO(a Q80 (CS[\ PCQLVN LVKT S5RJUCP LYF

%CH,YCO, G, V0%CYQC 6CPO NUQ G, OR9 K<� LMVGC PX#. P0TY LNUCH\ LYF LHPGCG G,(a FR[a Ma KRU PCLHN

S5E0' QCO .STNCUa Q80 (CS[\ %CH,FCU\ LYF LUKCLH6 TN SKX0F NUQ G, P#GG NUQC KRY\_ (Carling, 1993;

Nelson, in press; Ridgeway and Zipple, 1990; Tanzman, 1993)_

�� 15

DXKQa .STNCU OH, MR H\N,LNUT %CH,FCU\ YCO\ S5E0' LYF ULK0G\ KQ� LPO[ YCO, PG#G (T\ PCTUC� Ka�S#.,QT,M\ KCVO NUQ G, NX0M, K<_ K\7OC VE8T� .STNCUa YCVT\ LH&#T LV#W\ KCVO NUQ LYF DXT#P (L%(CVa YOV0N\T NUGC K< LMK9\ SLKOa V8F,JT N,T\ JH\ VQ�

• LQVFCMQN NLPDXLQW, LHOCM Ma J0%,U N\V P<Q\MP<1W TN SKX0F KR[ QCO KVSTCO LYF VPa *WC OJGC K<�KVSTCO G\ F#NU (T\ E\*UTC G\ .TU\ *WCDX1GC K< (T\ LUKCLH6 G, VL4UTC Y'CDX1GC K< (Klinkenberg et

al, 1997; Lehman et al, 1991; Mueser et al, 1998)

• (0GU8Q, VKCLHTC� ECKUR1 .STNCUa G\ *Ua TR1 G8U MCN\ Ma KRU (CO\GX(CO\ LYF LM4\ DXK (CS[\ VPCLMN UROLQ%CDX1G\ KQ LYF S5GCQ N,T, VKCLHTC QCOR1 Y',(C K< (Carling, 1993: La Chance, et al, 1995)

• LGQ G\ �� *0W\� VCO G\ �� LGQ SLUYUTQ6,O (T\ LY(NT,JT VKCLHTC S5CST K< (Carling, 1993: La

Chance, et al, 1995)

• VKCLHTC .STNCUa G, LQ#M, VPU#4C (T\ %CH,FCUN H\N,NU[ LYNLVT NUQ GC DXG\6 U.G, K< (Carling,

1993: Nelson, in press)

• LUKCLH6 TR1 LO0N�TR9, VKCLHTC � .STNCU (CS[\ *U QK,1 JYaDX[J\ LNDX1LN DXKQa Q\ VKCLHTC O<[ TR1QaK NU LGT, K< Ma DXKQa Q80 KX[ OR9 QK,1 (Ridgway and Zipple, 1990; Nelson, in press)

• (CD8WU,F W,Pa LYF .STNCUa (T\ SLUYCUN P<1EUa G, NUPFCU,(a G\ T2U T\ 6P8O,(T (Besio and

Mahler, 1993; Dixon, et al, 1998)_

VKCLHTC6XGC LUKCLH6 G, VL4T MJK PK#TYS8U[ K<_ LHK LHV TUa+ G, KR[, FCK,G, K< �

• Y.U\Y\1 ULKT KRY\�LHV GC %CY K<� (CP LUKCLH6, .\TU LYF KRY\ (T\ NLPDXLQW, LYF 3<O, KRY\� LHN 4aLHN#7, QC N,T, JH, KRY\ (Carling, 1993: Nelson et al, in press)

• NLPDXLQW, YV,LO(a (T\ (CYCMCH, G\ VC'Qa G\ Q\9\ KRY\ LMV QCO .STNCUa Q80 VPCLMN (T\ NCURECU,W,LF(a Q80 S8UC NUQ LYF VK8OT KRY\ (Carling, 1993: Nelson et al, in press)

• GRVTa (T\ SLUYCU G\ Q\9\ KRY\ LMV QCO .STNCUa Q80 (CDX[ YCO, V0%CY, LHN#OTC GC PXNCEOC KR VN\ (T\VKCLHN V0SUN Q<W#YUN V4CLST NUQ LYF PG#G KRY\ (Carling, 1993: Nelson et al, in press)

LS#&\ LMK\� VCLKT G\ LYV4CLUT LULYD8� Nelson (T\ KRU (S5<V LYF� Q\ LV#WC N#L)(C LN VKCLHTC6XGC LUKCLH6,PCIO .STNCUa G, FR[ G,(a SV0Ga S8U,(a NUQ GC LHN V% TR1 Y',(C PCIO K< (T\ V% TR1 Y#' OC%GCLHNQT,M\ S<GC NUGC K<_ LULYD8NCUa Q\ VKCLHTC6XGC LUKCLH6 G, LHN (CP SLU%C6C G, YUTR1 N,T\ MC[ G, PKT#TCDXT\ ]RU LGTC K< Ta MR LHV DX%U UK\ PCIO ECU\ FO UK, .RM LYF VK8OT KRY\ (Nelson, in press)_

��

LYNCVNCU, PVO\

VKCLHTC6XGC LUKCLH6, V\YCYa DXKQa LNUCH\ LYF LHPGCG, S5RJUCPa UCK,1 LGT,(a MC VNG,(a KQ LMK9\.STNCUa Q80 PCUN,W LYF DXSO%' *Ua Q80 LNUCH\ T\ O<[ G, (CLJ(C LG0G\ KQ_ LHK DXK S5RJUCP KQ LMKQa Q80(NVU VKCLHTC6XGC VXT0TU LUKCLH6 �SIL� G\ KYCO\ QCO MCL[(C MaGC K< Ma Y'\U\ T,EU U8S LYF VKCLHTCS5CST U8SaTU MR LN VXSU (<V�(CH,�(<O �SIL� NUN\ MCL[(C MaGC K<_ LHK LUKCLH6, S5RJUCP .STNCUa Q80(CS[, SV0G G\ (SCUWP<1W FX[Q G, (CLJ(C G\1GC K<

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PCQLVN LEPCU, G\ O0P\ LHLTKCV YCO\ LY(NT,� NH, J0%,U V0%CO LYF GC.O (T\ U#G KRH, &XW, YCO\ LY(NT,(aQ80 NLPDXLQW, LYF NX- VP\1 YCVT\ (LT�J0%,U LQJUCQ, V\YC G, OR9 S< VNG, K<_ O0P\ VP\1 LS&R1 KVSTCO LYFR1&X#W, KR[ T\ NH, ORNa Q80 NX- VP\1 OH, (LT�J0%,U V\YC G, OR9 S< VNG, K< Ta MR DXK PX9 N\ NLPDXLQW, LYFVXT0TU T2U T\ NCUM NUQ ZRJ KR MC[ (T\ (LMKC NUQ OH, DXKQa Q80 M,YQ�MCF G\ KXQU LV.[ (T\ VL4UTCLO(CDX[, ]U8U, K< �Hawthorn et al, 1994; Lamb, 1998: Middelboe, 1997;

�� 25

Rowlands et al, 1998)_ Hawthorn T\ KRUa �� Q\ LHN LUKCLH6, PCIO GC LULYD8 N,TC LM4\PQRVPCLMN PX9YV\E\ G\ LQZP OCJ8 N,T\ JH\� VKCLHN LU6LT(a GC VKCUC (T\ .STNCUa OH, LY(NT,JTLHOCM LGT\ JH\ LMK9\ ECU ECU KVSTCO GC.O KRH\ (T\ ECU ECU NLPDXLQW, LYF ULK[R QCNCPZCE KRH\_ LHNVCO EC(G� DXKQa G\L.(C LN LUKCLH6 LYF ULK[ YCO\ LY(NT,(a LYF Q2NU, NUQ (T\ VXT0TU ULK[ G,V0%CYQC Y'\U\ V, (T\ E\*U KR[ G, *#W_ KVSTCO LYF (T\ V0NW VKCLHTC N\1GU G\ GC.O\ LYF NC3, NP, V,_

U<],I<16O LUKCLH6 DXT\ EKXT PCTUC LYF .RM KR FXN, K<� (L'(<Q NU9\ .RM QP8Q\ OCJ8 QK,1 NUG\ LMY\1(LQVLFT N0P V21S[a (T\ TXOQC JUX#S_ LHV NUN\ LUKCLH6, PCIOa G, TXOQCTPN S5%CY6,OTC ECU\ NRH, (VO,QT,M\ N)[\ (LT(0T PX6NO KQ_

VCLKT VX-aDX1GC K< LN J0%,U (T\ LQU0TU ULK[ YCO, PCQLVN LEPCU, YCO\ LY(NT,(a Q80 �OR9,1GC LY(NT,JT(T\ SLUYUTQ6,O VKCUC (T\ ZRJ YCME LUKCLH6 G, DXSOE', QCO DXK NLPDXLQW, LYF UF LPF VNG\ KQ(T\ LHK, DXK NUQC FCKX0[J\_ VR� FR[ LPO[ T\ EKXT\ .STNCU (CS[\ *Ua LYF ULK[C FX[QJ\� LHN LYO#.[�Y.U\Y\1 ULKT NLPDXLQW, V<LW0J LYF� LHN#O\ Ma S5\P, QCO �Carling, 1993; Nelson, in press; Cook andJonikas, 1994, Tanzman, 1993)_ %CY\1 VKCLHTC6XGC LUKCLH6 LYF (VUGCU )0J QCO KXQU LV.\ MC VNG\KQ (Carling, 1993; Nelson et al., in press), NH, .STNCU JUX#S V<LW0J LYF NX- VPa JX]CUQC FCKX0[J\�VXT0TUTC YCVT\ KXQU KCVO NUQ OH, H\N,NU[ YCO, V<LW0J LYF MC[ TR1 SLKOa_ PX9YV\E\ DXT\ N\1LGT5 JUX#SKRPa LYF� LHK LG.CLH(C LJ(C K< LN .STNCU 4R9\ VP\1 OH, 3CLHGC O< VNG\ KQ � NX- PK,LQ(a TR1 O\< N\ LHNVCO G\ G2UCQ (Bond et al., 1989; Lipton et al. 1988; Nelson et al 1997; Wherley and Bisgaard,1987; Nelson et al., in press)_ Nelson T\ KRU �S5<V LYF� LV3CU6 NUGC K< LN PX9YV\E\ DXT\ N\1LG5T JUX#SLUKCLH6 LYF L.(CO UL.(C MC[C FCK,GC K< LN .STNCU DX4\ (CS[, PU], QCO ULK UK\ KQ_

LHK TUN N,TC MaGC K< LN NRH, LHN LNVP G, LUKCLH6 VCU\ VLP(a LYF VCU\ .STNCUa G,(a VCU,(a OR9a QK,1S8U, NU VNG, (T\ OR9 S<GC KX0G, K< LN NRH, QY,Q LNVP G, LYL%0Q S'#Ua T\ VKCLHTC )aFC S5GCQ NUQ YCO,LUKCLH6 KR[, FCK,G, K< �Best Practices, 1997; Friedrich et al, 1999)_

LHK Y, VX-C LGTC LJ(C K< LN LVU3 VKCLHTC6XGC LUKCLH6 DXT\ K, LQU%U NUQC LV(C[S YCOC QK,1� LY6\6NUN\ DX4\ LM4\ NLPDXLQW, VKCUC V\YCYa G, 4R9 K<� L.0I,(a KRH,(a KQ Ma (CVCQ, QCO SKX0F LYF QK,1 KQ_

U<],I<16O LUKCLH6, PCIO YCVT\ ZRJ VP-\ JH\ DXT#P (L%(CV .STNCU G, FR[ G, 'CU[C DXT\ (C'CLUT KQ�LMY\1 LN� .STNCUa Q80 DXKQa G, PU], (QXVCU (C]CG T2U T\ (CS[, LUKCLH6 G, MJK FX[Q G, .XO+ KRY\J, L3UDXKQa Q80 (CS[\ FX[\ KRH\ LQYCV LYF (CTP�LG59TC QCO (CS[\ ULK[ VLK[ G, M,YQ 6<O, G\ TU,N\ ECU\ FX[QOH, DXT6CLKT N,TC MCY\JC�_

VCQ80 LY(NT,(a G,(a LYL%0Q (VPU#4CYa G\ S#'U (QXVCU YUJ,NU[ NUQ G\ .TU\ Q80 ZCG NUCLH(C MaGC K<� ��LHNR LMK, LYK8[, KCOT LYF KR[ YCO\ LY(NT,(a GC YUJ,NU[ NO0N Q80 %9NCDX1GC K<� (T\ (LMKC YCTCYU[S<GC NUGC K< MR L49N\ LYYKCU Q80 MQP LG0GC K<� (Ridgeway and Zipple, 1990)_ LHV G\ QCO K, O0P\ VP\1OH, V0V4C�YUJ,(a NLPDXLQW, 3LV#OW,(a LYF V0%CO� VXT0TU T2U T\ LYFUQC .TP NU LG0G, K< (T\J<U�UYCLHT, Q<W#YUNa (Carling, 1993; Nelson and Smith Fowler, 1987; Segal and Kotler, 1993)QCO V0SUN *WC G\1G, K<_ DXT#P (L%(CVa QCO FOCH, MC[ YCO, U<],I<16O LUKCLH6 (LMK\ QXNVCQ YCO\ QT,M\LQNO[ TR1 URN OC VN\J,_

26 ��

VCLKT VX-aDX1GC K< LN U<],I<16O LUKCLHV PCIOa Q\ MGR1 DXT#P (L%(CVa G, NCUM�LY', (S[C OH, Ta K\7a LO.\QT,M\ KCLVO N,T\ MC[J\�

• Y'\UC VPa NLPDXLQW, LYF (Fenton, et al., 1998: Hawthorne, et al., 1994; Middelboe, 1997;

Nelson and Smith Fowler, 1987)

• VXT0TU T2U T\ NCUM NUQ LYF YC'C �Hawthorne, et al, 1994; McCarthy and Nelson, 1991;

Nelson et al, 1997)

• UR]CQC ULK[ VLK[ G\ KXQUa (T\ VPCLMN KXQUa G, ZRJTC LYF YC'C �McCarthy and Nelson, 1991)

• M,YQ S'#U LYF YC'C �Middelboe, 1997; Okin and Pearsall, 1993)

• KVSTCO GC.O\ LYF NP,�*#W O&#[ (Bond et al., 1998; Hawthorne, et al., 1994; Leff et al, 1994;

Leff et al, 1996�_

• LUKCLH6, T\ (CUL4N VL4UTC LYF YC'C ( Bond et al., 1989)

• .STNCU V0TX6W, �Tanzman, 1993; Nelson, in press)

• UX]JCU LYF YC'C �Hawthorne, et al., 1994)

• LVKT LYF YC'C� Ka�S#., %CYQCYa (T\ VY<�PC[ Y'[C �Nelson, et al., 1995)

K\7a LGT, V8F, DXKQa T#Ta Q80 VCUa6 U8S LYF S\6 NUG, K< LMK9\ U<],I<16O LUKCLH6 LYF ULK N\ LH&#T QT,M\ S5CST NUQ OH, ]U8U P2M8G KR[\ FCK,G\ KQ�

• VPCLMN Q<W#YUN (T\ VPCLMN VKCUC

� .STNCUa Q80 VPCLMN VKCUC Q<W#YUN E[CDX[ OH, DXT6CK G\[C (T\ VPU#4 E[CDX[C (Hall and

Nelson, 1996, Nelson, in press)

� SLUYCLUN V0SUN (T\ VC4,(a YOR1 VKCUC Y'CDX[ OH, DXT6CLKT NUQC�Besio and Mahler, 1993:

Dixon, et al, 1998)

• LUKCLH6 G,(a %2LTN LY6\6TCH,(a

� &RW, (T\ *U YaJ �Mosher, 1999; Middelboe, 1997; Nelson et al, 1997)

� .STNCUa OH, LQMT#Y GC LHN LP(CU ZN,Q, KRY\� .CV NUN\ LHN LV0JO (NZ8S<1V, E<I#U8PG, LQMT#Y YUJC �Carling, 1993; Owen et al, 1996; Nelson, 1007; Nelson et al, in press)

� VKXMYCG, )0J QCO .X6JYCU (T\ VXU#L.(T �Carling, 1993; Nelson, in press)_

• VL4T 4a

� VL4T 4a V\YCYa (T\ VK8OTa G, V2., SKX0F G\ (0GU (T\ JX(a) G\ KRUQa *Ua YUJ, K,�Carling, 1993;

Mosher, 1999)

• LUKCLH6, LQZ0T5[ (T\ FR[

� 7LKUQ G, LP(CG .STNCUa G,(a OR9a (QXVCU LQ6LFT N,T, MaG, K<� �LHNLKU, VRF GC (WX#W NUP�([LI#7 NUQC LM4\ V\YC S5GCQ NUQ YCLO(a G,(a DXP,Ga .STNCU G\ VY<�LVUM\ W,LF(a (QXVCU(J\ Y'[ G\ DXOW K< �Ridgeway and Zipple, 1990; Middelboe, 1997)

�� 27

� .STNCU LQUG\6T Ma NOCLH0W�N\1LG5T L3OCV3,� LM4\ V0%CO G, ZRMQC .STNCUa YOR1 LQ6LFT N,T,

MaG, K<� DXT\ (C'CLUT K< �Tanzman, 1993; Ridgeway and Zipple, 1990. Nelson et al, 1997)

� ORNT0TU, VWC3 S5E0' VWCLHO T\ (C'CLUT� LMV LYF� LUKCLH6 G\ S5E0' NUQ G\ SLKO8(a ECU\ 3<VO\

LYF .STNCU Y, 6CPO KR[ �Nelson et al, 1997)

� (CGU6N T2U T\� LGT, MC[ YCO, VKCLHTC G, LNVP (T\ PCTUC Q80 LUKCLH6 QCOR1 �LO0N�TR9� G\[C

FCK,GC K< �Nelson, 1997) �PTOE .STNCU LUKCLH6 Q80 FX[Q� SU VKCLHTC O<[ TR1 QaK NU VNG\

KQ� (T\ LHK QaK DXKQa G, 7CKU Q80 S5%CLYT QK,1 NU\J,_

• KRU

� .STNCU� LMKQa Q80 Q6\ YCO\ SGCU4a G, GXUYUTR1 G,(a VP#LV(CYa KQ� Q80 (VUGCU LHOCM

LGTC LJ(C �Goldfinger, et al, 1999; Herrel, et al. 1996)

� VWC3 NOCLH0W�N\1LG5T V0%CO L3OCV3, LYF LVL.(CT KQ �Shepherd, 1995: Mosher, 1998)

2�; �)+��

�-��

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(T\ S5YCQ NUQ OH, (U],(a KU VCO %\M,(a MaG,(a KQ_ M\ S5CM<NW Q80 30LI0J LPOG, K< Ta K<O4 (4CLUW,(a

Q08 LVU3 VCOCQC LHPCUT QCO V0E0L'T N0PNCU, .UF\ �PRUWJ\M Q80 &#I N\� (T\ VKCLHTC V\YCYa G\ .UF\ S8U\

NUQ G, K, OR9 K<_ L3U Y,� J0%,U V0%CO G\ Y#I\ S5CM<NWa G\ PXNCEO\ &RW\ S5CM<NWa Q80 OR9,1GC L'(CQ LPO[C

PX6NO KR VNGC K<_

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erine Sandors Housing Society�_ VXVCLHW, Q\ LUFP0I (T\ Y<QN8YU LYF VCU, QY,1 LUKCLH6 YCVT\ S5CSUW,

P<QMP<1W V\YCYa E[CDX[� S5GCQ NUQ (T\ MCU, U.[ GC N0P LM0P\ O< LO(C K<_ ]P,Q G, PCON, V8E\ G, K<� MR

ZN,Q, E[CDX1G, K< LN MQTN 30Ia QCO LUKCLH6, DXVCU, G, %LY#.T MCLHGCG E[ UK, K<_ LHV QCO K<O4 (4CLU

�W,(a Q80 S5CSUW, PCON, QCOR1 V\YCYa Y.U,(a NUQ (T\ V\YCYa GC S5E0' NH, LNVP G,(a S5CH,Y\W (T\ J<U�

PXQC3C6XGC V\YC S5GCQ NUQ YCLO(a Q80 SURSR]O NCOa G\ (C'CU T\� 7\N\ T\ G\[ G, (CLJ(C LPO MaG, K<_ MGR1 7\N\�

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LQYCV, .STNCUa G, (CS[, LUKCLH6 JYCFG, QK,1_

LUKCLH6 G, Y#I, PCTUC LYF OR9 KR[ NUN\� Y<QN8YU (T\ LUFP0I Q\ LY6\6 VXVCLHW, E[CH, K< MR DXKQa

.STNCUa YCVT\ LUKCLH6 GC LYNCV NU\J, MR PCQLVN LVKT V\YCYa O< UK< KQ� E,�V,� KCD8L]0J UCK,1 Y, LHKR

LMK, V\YC S5CST NUQ, V0%Y K<_

28 ��

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NUGC K< VK8OT G\ VCH,] DXT\ (T\ .STNCUa YOR1 U<],I<16O VXLY'C LYF V\YCYa G, S#'U G, ]U8UT DXT\_ K\7

LO.\ .UF\ LHN DXT#P (L%(CV PCIO DXT\ (C'CLUT � E<I#U8P YCO\ *U G\ KQ LMV Q08 N<S,WO 30I LPLO(C K< T\

Z8Q,(Q6XGC K<_ .ULF(a GC Y\UYC *#W�J0%,U TR1 (LT�J0%,U VKCLHTC PCIO Q80 LGTC LJ(C K<_ .UF\ G\ Y\UYC GC

LYV4CU (0LTNC �K� LYF DXSOE' K<_

NLPDXLQW, LUKCLH6

(LT�J0%,U VKCLHTC P#'P�J0%,U VKCLHTC PX)O, VKCLHTC

(2VT .UFC S5T, .STNCU S5T, LGQ ��

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&\ Ma *#W LY(NT,(a YCVT\ YV\E\ OH, LNV\ MQTN Ma LPDX11VSO S5YCQJ, G, NRH, OR9 QK,1� NH, NLPD8LQW,(a

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SCH\ MaG\ KQ_ SU MGR1 *U SC OH\ MaG\ KQ (T\ YV\EC KR MaGC K<� Ta NRH, LYUO, K, J#O KX0G, K< MR JX(a),(a Q80

LF0TC GC NCUQ E[, UK\_

��

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T\ ]RU G\Y\_ LPD81VS<OW,(a QCO MC[NCU, G\[ OH, (T\ LHKQa YV,LO(a G, LQ6CQG\K,

OH, VKCLHTC YCVT\ 3CUPO V0SUN KRY\_

�� !�� ' �� #��#!�

.STNCUa GC U<],I<16O LUKCLH6 Q80 LHN FR[ YMR1 QC�SUYCQ NUQC Y#' LUKC K< LNDX1LN LHK FR[ DXQ+a Q80 (CS[,

(CPGQ, T\ VXT0TU N0WURO &I[ OH, P]E8U NUG, K<_ .STNCUa Q80 LVU3 (CS[\ VCU\ LQ#M, T\ VPCLMN .UF S8U\

NUQ YCVT\ S5T,LGQ � ICOU �� V<1W GC �VXLY'C %#TC� (“Comfort allowance”) LPOGC K<_

�� 29

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�� LN LVKT P0TUCOC� VPCLMN LYNCV (T\ (CUL4N VXU#L.(C P0TUCO\ Q80 VK8OT %#TC (T\DXS%RJ, 3,V DXT\ LULYD8 NUQ OH, NK\ LMV QCO U<],I<16O LUKCLH6 LYF ULK[ YCO\.STNCU (CS[\ E,�V,� E<Q\L3#WV G,(a LN6TC LV',(a KCVO NU VN[_ .STNCUEV\U\�.C[\ G\ .ULF(a GC LHN LK#VC G\[J\ (T\ (CS[\ LQ#M, .ULF(a OH, OR9,1G\ 30IU.[J\_

NLPDXLQW, N\(U 3LVOW, (<NW� (I#OW N\(U U<JXO\6Q]

�Community Care Facility Act, Adult Care Regulations)

ECOJ LY6\6 U<],I<16O N\(U OCLHV<1V (',Q OCLHV<1V (L'LQZP (QXVCU U<],I<16O V<LW0J LYF LHN NPU\ LYFGR LY(NT, T#N U.\ MC VNG\ KQ_ LHK .STNCU G, FR[ (T\ .STNCU G\ LQ#MT#Y Y'CDX[ G\ (V8Oa G\ (QXN8OQK,1 K<_

��

�� LN Ma NLPDXLQW, N\(U 3LVOW, (<NW Q80 VRL'(C MCY\ LMV QCO ECOJ LY6\6,LN5T LUKCLH6 N\(ULYF LHN NPU\ LYF LHN LY(NT, K, UL.(C MCY\ Ma LVKT P0TUCOC LHK SCLOV, V4CLST NU\_LVKT P0TUCO\ Q80 DXS%RJ, 3,V G\ S5T, LGQ �� ICOU S5T,E<I# S<[ YCO\ *CW\ Q80 S8UC NUQ OH,LVKT (L'NCU,(C Q80 30LI0J G\[ G, OR9 SH\J,_

(LMK\ P2N\ KRH\ KQ MGR1 3LVOW, VWC3 Q\ LNV\ LY(NT, Q80 VXU#L.(C GC NCUQ G#V N\ V\YC G\[ TR1 LHQNCU NULGTC KRY\_ QT,M\ YMR1 LMV LY(NT, Q80 U<],I<16O N\(U G, (LT(0T OR9 KX0G, K<� SU DXK *#W Ma LEQa V\YC G\ ULKMaGC K< (T\ 6LKU, .\TU LYF NH, KCOTa LYF V9Na T\ (C MaGC K<_ LMV LY(NT, Q80 EKXT L](CGC U<],I<16ON\(U G, OR9 QK,1 KX0G, DXV Q80 *#W N,PT YCO, Ma LEONXO V\YC QK,1 LPOG, T\ G8M\ SCV\ LMKQa LY(NT,(a Q80*#W V\YC G, OR9 KX0G, K< DXKQa Q80 Y'\U\ T\ L](CGC N,PT YCO, V\YC LPOG, K< _

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30 ��

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�� 31

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SU DXKQa NRO NRH, MJCK QK,1 LM4\ LN DXK MC VN[

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32 ��

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�� 33

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34 ��

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!�3 �4�5 �� 5

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M\ (V,1 DXKQa ORNa G, OR9 Q80 ZRJ PXQCVE TU,N\ QCO V0ER'Q NUQC K< LMK9\ PCQLVN URJ GC L6NCU KR[ G\ QCOQCO E\*U\ Y, KQ� Ta LUKCLH6, *Ua G,(a Y#' TR1 Y#' FR[a PXK#H,(C NUQ,(a S<[J,(a_ LHK LHKQa Q80 NLPDXLQW,LYF NCPZCE KR[ LYF PG#G NUG\ KQ_ LUKCLH6, FR[a Q80 LHK ZN,Q, E[CDX1[ G, OR9 K< LN DXK SLUYUTQ6,O(T\ VLK[6,O LY',(a PXK#H,(C NUQ (T\ EKXT L](CGC MLWO )aF\ TR1 EF[_

�� 35

��"��&�"�� Q6,O\ SGCU4a G, GXUYUTR1 E\*UTC OH, V% TR1 Y#IC T\ P]E8T NCU[�V8FN K< (Goldfinger, 1999; Olfson,1999)_ E\*UTC KR[ G\ KRU G8M\ NCU[�V8FNa LYF 6CPO KQ LQU0TU PQR�LFLNTVC V0E0', O&#[ (T\ LYJC9 YCO,V0VCLUN ULK[,�ELK[,(Olfson,1999)_ J0%,U (T\ LQU0TU ULK[ YCO, PCQLVN LEPCU, YCO\ ORNa LYF E\*UTCG, VP#LV(C� QC�NC3, NLPDXLQW, VKCLHTC (Scott and Dixon, 1995; Mueser,et al, 1998; Goldfinger, etal, 1999; Olfson, 1999) (T\ JU,E, (T\ YCME LUKCLH6 G, *CW (Blanch and Carling, 1988; Carling,1993; Nelson, in press) QCO Y, V0E0L'T N,T, MaG, K<_

N<Q\IC PCUWJ\M (<1I KCD8L]0J NCUSRU\6Q�Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation)(CMHC), G\DXT#P (,%(CVa YOR1 E\*UTC G, VP#LV(C ECU\ E[CH\ GVTCY\] LYF Va-\ JUX#S LUKCLH6 G,(a DXGCKU[a LGT,(aKQ� LMKQa LYFR1 EKXT,(a PCQLVN LEPCU, YCO\ ORNa G,(a OR9a ECU\ KQ �CMHC, 1999)_ CMHC YOR1 FX[\S5CM<NW GUVCDX1G\ KQ LN E\*UTC G, VP#LV(C Q80 NH, LYL%0Q TU,LN(a QCO LVL-(C MaGC K<_ DXGCKU[ G\ T2U T\�O#XN (CD8W �Lookout) �Y<QN8YU�� V0NWNCO, LUKCLH6 S5GCQ NUQ TR1 Y, Y#' NH, LNVP G,(a KRU V\YCYa Y,S5GCQ NUGC K< LMV LYF 6CPO KQ E\*U (T\ EKXT K, *#W (PGQ, YCO\ E\*U ORNa G,(a OR9a OH, (CU], (T\S#N, LUKCLH6 GC S5E0' NUQC_ E\*UTC G\ PVO\ DXT\ LHN#7\ N,T\ (0NL9(a GC N\1GU�LE0G8 (NVU S5RJUCP (',QPXK#H,(C N,T,(a JH,(a 4aYC DXT\ KX0GC K< �LMY\1 LN S5RJUCP GC E\*UTC DXT\ S5%CY QC LN LY(NT, GC S5RJUCP DXT\LMK9C E\*U K<�_ LH#NO\ LH#NO\ .STNCU OH, QT,M\� LM4\ P8O T2U T\ N4C�NKC[,(a K, KQ� VX-CDX1G\ KQ LNLY(NT, JU#XS ULK[, YCO,(a KCOTa LYF L](CGC Y',(C ULK[, T\ F0J\UC T]UEC KCVO NU VNGC K<� LM4\DXT#P (L%(CV S5\LUT V\YCYa S5GCQ NUQ GC S5E0' K<_

CMHC GVTCY\] LYF GUM NUQ OH, FX[,(a JH,(a DXGCKU[a� .RMNCUa YOR1 E\*Ua OH, LUKCLH6 ECU\ VX-CH\DXT#P (L%(CVa G\ EXLQ(CG, (V8Oa G, S8UY�LQ6LFT NVY#W, DXT\ S8U,(a DXTUG,(a KQ�

• E\*U ORN K#O� S5RJUCP (T\ SCLOV,(a LYNVT NUG\ KQ_

• PXKUO, NTCU LYF V\YCYa S5GCQ NUQ YCO\ K#O O%#[ LYF LK#VC SCDX1G\ KQ_

• S5CM<NW LUKCLH6 (T\ VKCUC OR9a Q80 S8UC NUQ OH, EKX�LG6CY, (SURF U.G\ KQ_

• S5CM<NW �LY6\6� (CECG, Q80 NH, LNVP G,(a V\YCYa LG0G\ KQ_

• S5CM<NW VP#LV(C G, LNVP (T\ LHV G\ V0%CY, K#O ECU\ E[\ KRH\ P2M8GC LY6YCV (T\ PCSG0Ia Q80 FQ2T,

LG0G\ KQ_

CMHC GVTCY\] LYF GUM DXT#P (L%(CVa G, DXGCKU[ LG0G\ FX[\ KRH\ LUKCLH6, PCIOa LYF NCPZCEQT,LM(a YCVT\ K\7 LO.\ T#T DXMCJU N,T\ JH\ KQ�

• ULK[ YCLO(a Q80 LNUCH\GCU YaJ VPL-(C MaGC K< (T\ LNUCH\GCUa YCO\ N0P MX0P\ OCH\ MC[ LYF PG#G N,T,

MaG, K< �LMY\1 LN LNUCLH(C G\[C� (CS[\ NPLU(a G, V0%CO� �CMHC, StreetCity, 1999; Federation

des OSBL d’habitation de Montreal, 1999)_

• .STNCUa Q80 LUKCLH6, S5CM<NWa Q80 LYDX1T[ (T\ LYNCV[ LYF 6CPO N,TC MaGC K< (CMHC HomelessInitiative Community Action Plan; StreetCity; Sandy Merriman House, 1999)_

• LUKCLH6 LEQa LNV\ 6UT DXSOE' NUCH, MaG, K< (LHV GC %CY LHK K< LN VKCLHTC S5YCQ NUQ T\LUKCLH6 LYF ULK[ T\ NRH, (F\T .UF QK,1 S< VNGC� �CMHC, StreetCity; 1999)_

• .STNCU S5\LUT L3OCV3, LNUCH\GCUa�.STNCUa Q80 (CS[, L]0GJ, GC UCK FX[Q G\ VPU#4 E[CDX1G, K<(CMHC, StreetCity; Sandy Merriman House, 1999)_

36 ��

• V\YC SLUYUTQNCU, (T\ .STNCUa G,(a OR9a S8UT, G\ )0J QCO S5GCQ N,T, MaG, K< (CMHC, StreetCity;Look Out; Sandy Merriman House; Look Out, 1999)_

• VXT0TUTC Q80 S5RTVCKQ LGTC MaGC K< (CMHC, StreetCity; Sandy Merriman House; Lookout, 1999)_

• VWC3 GC YT,UC QC�SCU.8 K<� DXK (CGU QCO VKCLHTC S5GCQ NUG\ KQ (T\ .STNCUa Q80 (CS[\ LQ6CQ\

S8U\ NUQ G\ VPU#4 E[Q OH, DXT6CLKT NUG\ KQ (CMHC, StreetCity; Sandy Merriman House;Lookout, 1999)_

• VCU\ .STNCUa G, VXU#L.(C (T\ VOCPT, DXT\ ]RU LGTC MaGC K< (CMHC, 1999)_

• 7LKU[ G\ VP\1 G, LP(CG .STNCUa YOR1 LQ6LFT N,T, MaG, K< (CMHC, StreetCity, FOHM, 1999)_

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38 ��

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irhìeS 83

pirBìSk Sbd`vlI jv`bdyhI : pRbMDkI tIm jo sMB`vI nqIijE~ Eqy prP`rmYNs dy imE`r~, iek wojn` jo pbilk PMf~ n`l

clèIE~ j~dIE~ syv`v~ dI pRd`nq` nUM m`nItr krdI hY, dI ivEìKE` krn dI izMmyv`r hY| pbilk PMf~ dy

Krcy leI ishq mMqr`l` izMmyv`r hY |

m`nq` : iksy eyjMsI dI prP`rmYNs Eqy aus duE`r` sMB`l syv`v~ pRd`n krn dy imE`r~ nUM EpxàuNx d` b`hroN

kIq` igE` rsmI irivaU| srtIPIkySn, iksy aus nYSnl sMsQ` vloN id@qI igE` m`nq`-pq@r, ijs d`

krq@v hY ik syv` sMsQ`v~ (ijvyN hspq`l~) v@loN sMB`l Eqy/j~ syv` dy pUrv-inSicq imE`r~ dI p`lx~

krn d` m@ul~kx krn` ieh vyKx leI ik sMB`l Eqy/j~ syv` dy pUrv-inSicq imE`r~ nuM ikMn` ku l`gU

krdIE~ hn|

gMBIr sMB`l : (ies nUM dUsry drjy dI sMB`l vI ikh` igE` hY)| ishq sMB`l pRoPYSnl~ vloN pRd`n kIqI j~dI

(mYfIkl Kyqr~ ivc sxy mno-icikqs` dy) rog-pC`x Eqy icikqsk ishq sMB`l jo Eksr iksy

hspq`l ivc Eqy QoVHy smyN leI pRd`n kIqI j~dI hY|

gMBIr mno-icikqs` (ienpysSYNt): aun~H lok~ nUM mu@l~kx, rog-pC`x, iel`j, rog-siQrq` Eqy QoV-icry muV-

vsyby dI syv` pRd`n krn` ijhVy gMBIr m`nisk rog~ krky svY-ie@Cq j~ Ex-ie@Cq qOr 'qy hspq`l dy

mno-icikqsk wUuint ivc d`Kl huMdy hn, ijs ivc Eksr EYmrjYNsI mno-icikqsk sMB`l idqI j~dI hY|

b`lg : 19 s`l j~ ies qoN v@D aumr d` ivEkqI|

vk`lq : lok~ nUM j`xk`rI Eqy shìeq` dyx d` k`rj ijs n`l auh E`pxy leI sB qoN auic@q sMBv PYsly kr

skx j~ Eijh` j~ Eijhy k`rj jo aunH~ lok~ dy ih@q~ leI kIqy j`x jdoN auh E`pxy E`p ieh k`rj krn dy

Ewog hox|

ey.EYl.A.EYs : hspq`l-Tihrn d` EOsq sm~|

insc`jnk kimauintI iel`j : kimauintI sMB`l dy hor rUp~ d` bdl jo, ies dy muk`blqn Krcy dy k`rn

kyvl Eiq loVvMd klìeMt~ (ijvyN ik isstm nUM, ijn~H ivc ienpySYNt kyEr Eqy PrYNizk syv`v~ vI S`ml

hn, b`r b`r vrqx v`ly) nUM hI pRd`n kIqI j`xI c`hIdI hY| sMn 1998 dI m`nisk ishq wojn~ gMBIr qy

inrMqr m`nisk rog~ v`ly lok~, ijn~H dI kMm-k`j krn dI wogq` vI EpMg ho cukI hY, 'coN do pRqISq lok~

dIE~ loV~ hI pUrIE~ krdI hY| ieh wojn~ gMBIr j~ insc`jnk kimauintI iel`j leI bhuq gMBIr

m`nisk rogIE~ dI igxqI dy kyvl iek ih@sy m`qr, ms~ 8200 klìeMt~ nUM hI shìeq` pRd`n krdI hY|

m`nisk ishq dy auq@m EiBE`s : m`nisk ishq b`ry p`lsIE~, EiBE`s~, Eqy pihl-kdmIE~ ivc iehn~ nUM

cMgyr` bxàuNx leI qbdIlI ilEàux leI kIqy wqn` dI ivEìKE`| auh PYktr ijhVy ies qbdIlI nUM

Eg~h vDàuNdy hn auhn~ ivc S`ml hn: sMklpk` dy E`D`r~ dI spSt ibE`nI, in@jI-ihqYSI d` vDyry

wogd`n, r`jnIqk dUrEMdySI qy ie@C`, E`D`r-sMrcn~ dI shìeq`, sMsQ`v~ ivcoN Dn Eqy krmc`rIE~ nUM

kimauintI ivc làux`, ishq qoN Eg~h hor s~JId`rIE~ sQ`pq krn`, bdn`mI nUM G@tàux`, auqS`hjnk

nyq`, hunrmMd st`P, Eqy kYnyfIEn m`nisk ishq EYsosIeySn d` shìeq` leI nYSnl Prymvrk

(Canad ian Mental Health Association National Framework for Support).

irhìeS 84

jYivkmnosmìjk phuMc/m`fl: auh syv`v~ ijhVIE~ iksy ivEkqI dIE~ jYivk, mnoivigE`nk, Eqy

sm`jI loV~ nUM mu@K rKdIE~ hn| iehn~ leI bhu-EnuS`snI sMB`l tIm~ hn ijnH~ ivc f`ktr, nrs~,

P`rimisst, soSl vrkr, ivvsìek icikqsk, fìeEtISn Eqy mnoivigE`nI S`ml huMdy hn |

kys mYnjmYNt : Kpqk`r~ dI ishq, irhìeS, rozg`r, isKlèI Eqy/j~ muV-vsyby dIE~ syv`v~ d` q`lmyl jo

E`m krky iek ivEkqI (kys mYnyjr) vloN kIq` j~d` hY jo iek tIm-v`q`vrx ivc kMm krd` hY qy jo

Kpqk`r~ nUM syv`v~ pRd`n krn v`ly sìrE~ ivc q`lmyl bxèI rKd` hY| kys mYnjmYNt 'c S`ml hY

srgrm EàUtrIc, ivEkqIgq sMB`l wojn`v~ d` q`lmyl, Eqy m`nisk ishq siQqI nUM m`nItr krn`|

kilinkl EiBE`s~ dIE~ gèIflèIn~ : f`ktr~ dI shUlq v`sqy K`s kilnIkl h`l`q~ ivc klìeMt~ v`sqy

ivSyS ishq sMB`l b`ry PYsl` krn leI islislyv`r ilKIE~ stytmYNt~|

kimauintI sroq E`D`r d` sMklp : ieh sMklp "ivEkqI nUM kyNdr ivc smJd` hY: Kpqk`r jo Esl ivc

m`nisk ishq dI sm@isE` ivcoN guzr irh` hY Eqy n`l hI ies nUM nij@T vI irh` hY| bhuigxqI Kpqk`r

hux jIvn d` vDyry sm~ kimauintI ivc ibqàuNdy hn Eqy bhuq s`ry PYktr hn jo auhn~ qy Esr krdy hn

| iehn~ PYktr~ ivc S`ml hn irhìeS, ividE`, kMm, E`mdnI, m`nisk ishq syv`v~, Kpqk`r gru@p

Eqy sMgTn, pirv`r qy im@qr, Eqy j`qIgq kimauintI syv`v~ qy gr@up|

Kpqk`r : auh ivEkqI jo m`nisk ishq syv`v~ dI vrqoN krdy hn|

sMkt siQrIkrx pRogr`m : mnosmìjk Eqy mno-icikqsk sMkt~ d` s`hmx` krn v`ly lok~ nUM hspq`l dy

bdl vjoN kimauintI E`Dìrq QoV-icry iel`j Eqy siQrq` syv`v~ pRd`n krdy pRogr`m| eyQy rihx dOr`n

klìeMt d` ivsQ`r n`l mu@l~kx kIq` j~d` hY, sMkt nUM dUr krn leI gMBIr qy sMKyp syv`v~ pRd`n kIqIE~

j~dIE~ hn, Eqy kimauintI ivc klìeMt dy muV-bh`lI dI POrI k`rj wojn` l`gU kIqI j~dI hY|

mnorog-v`psI : mno-rog lC@x~ d` muV ky E` j`x` j~ ivEkqI dI k`rj wogq` ivc ivGn pY j`x`|

EiDk`rq suivD` : hspq`l j~ m`nisk ishq dI koeI sUbèI suivD` ijhVI Ex-ie@Cq mrIz~ nUM m`nisk

ishq EYkt (Mental Health Act) dy EDIn d`^l kr skdI hY |

ishq dy inrxyk`r : ishq pirsiQqI nUM pRBìvq qy inrDìrq krn v`ly PYktr| iehn~ ivc S`ml hn

smìjk, E`rQk Eqy BOiqk v`q`vrx, ishq syv`v~, jYivk pRB`v Eqy ishq vrq`ry qy hunr|

fI.EYs.EYm.-IV. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition. EmrIkn

mno-icikqsk EYsosIeySn (American Psychiatric Association) vloN iqE`r kIq` igE` vrgbMdI d`

iek tUl jo lC@x~ dy E`D`r auqy m`nisk ivg`V~ dI vrgbMdI krn ivc m`nisk rog~ dy mìhr~ dI shìeq` krd` hY|

fwUEl fìegnoss (dohr`-rog-pC`x) : auhn~ lok~ dI kMfISn nUM ibE`nx leI Eksr vrqI j~dI ivDI ijh

n~ nUM m`nisk rog dy n`l m`nisk EpMgq` hY j~ nSy v`ly pd`rQ~ dI durvrqoN dI sm@isE` hY|

eI.sI.tI : ielYktroknvlisv QYrpI|

irhìeS 85

sMktk`lIn irhìeS : suivD`v~, ijhVIE~ m`nisk rog n`l sMbMiDq inSicq ivvh`rk j~ smìjk sm@isE`

v`ly lok~ leI shìek iksm dy m`hOl v`lI QoV-icrI sMktk`lI irhìeS dI shUlq pRd`n krdIE~ hn

ijnH~ lok~ kol rihx dI POrI jg`h nhIN huMdI pr ijnH~ nUM iksy hspq`l ivc sMB`l j~ bhuq s`ry st`P

v`lI suivD` dI loV vI nhIN huMdI|

smr@Q` : cox krn dI smr@Q`| ies ivc S`ml hY ivEkqI dI dUijE~ n`l sMbMiDq k`rn Eqy E`pxy rihx dy

m`hOl k`rn pYd` sm@isE`v~ nUM pRiB`Sq krn, pVcolx qy aun~H auqy k`rj krn dI wogq`| iek pRikRE` dy

qOr qy Eijhy vsIilE~ nUM ibE`n krdI hY ijnH~ n`l EMdrUnI inrblq` dIE~ B`vn`v~ ivc qbdIlI E`

j~dI hY, Eqy auhn~ h`lq~ nUM bdlx leI gru@p EYkSn SurU ho j~dy hn jo q`kq ivc Es`v~pn pYd`

krdIE~ j~ TosdIE~ hn|

EYpIfImIE`lojI : iksy ibm`rI d` iksy K`s qbky ivc iksy K`s smy PYly hox`|

eItIE`lojI : rog dy k`rx~ d` ivigE`n|

gv`hI-E`Dìrq PYsl` krn` : iek pRikirE` ijs ivc q@Q~, EMkiVE~ qy gv`hI nUM iDE`n ivc r@iKE` j~d`

hY| ieh pRikRE` Brosywog qy EsrpUrvk wojn` bxàux, EYkSn lYx qy mu@l~kx krn leI l`zmI hY|

PYmlI kyEr hom : mnzUrSud` irhìeS ijs ivc gMBIr qy inrMqr m`nisk rog~ v`ly iek j~ do ivEkqIE~ nUM

sMB`l idqI j~dI hY ijhVy ivEkqI suqMqr qOr 'qy rihx dy wog nhIN huMdy| ies iksm dI sMB`l nUM sUby dI

kimauintI sMB`l suivD` EYkt (Community Care Facilities Act) EDIn lìesYNs dI zrUrq nhIN huMdI|

PrYNizk : PrYNizk mno-icikqsk syv`v~(Forensic Psychiatric Services) aunH~ lok~ leI mu@l~kx, rog-pC`x,

iel`j, bMdI rKx`, Eqy ingr`nI syv`v~ pRd`n krdIE~ hn ijhn~ nUM m`nisk rog hY Eqy jo POjd`rI

inE~ pRx`lI n`l aulJy hoey hn|

EYP.tI.eI. : Pul tìem nOkrI dy br`br nUM ibE`n krn leI vrqI j~dI wUint| ims`l vjoN do h`P-tìem

nOkrIE~ iek EYP.tI.eI. dy br`br hn|

k`rj wogq` dy ivg`V : ivEkqI dI roz`n` dy kMm k`j krn dI wogq` d` Gtx`| ivEkqI dI k`rj wogq` dy

(Eqy k`rj Ewogq` dy) p@Dr nUM j`cx leI keI pYm`ny mOjUd hn| k`rj wogq` m`px d` globl inrD`rn

pYm`n` (inrD`rn d` iek pihlU jo ASP DSM-IV d` B`g hY) iek Eijh` hI tUl hY|

gvrnYNs : hYlQ kyEr pRogr`m clàux v`sqy EiDk`r| S`snI Ed`ry, ijvyN borf dy fìerYkt j~ trstI, iksy

sMsQ` dy kMm b`ry E`m krky idRStI, audyS qy kdr~ kImq~ nUM pRBìSq krdy hn qy iesdy kMm k`r clàux

dy inS`ny, mMqv, Eqy pR`Qimkq` imQdy hn|

gèIflèIn~ : iksy k`rj nUM EgvèI dyx, j~ idS` dyx d` suJÈ j~ suJ`v~ dI imQI qrqIb| gèIflèIn~

dyx d` mMqv syv`v~ pRd`n krn vìlE~ nUM vDyry j`xk`rI dyx` hY q~ jo auh nIqIE~ d` p`lx krdy rihx|

gèIflèIn~ ies g@l leI suJ` vI ho skdIE~ hn ik p`lsI nUM ikvyN clàux` hY j~ l`gU krn` hY| ishq

EiDk`rIE~ nUM Eqy syv`v~ pRd`n krn vìlE~ nUM mMqr`ly dI p`lsI d` p`lx krn` zrUrI hY, pr

gèIflèIn~ nUM mMnx` zrUrI nhIN|

irhìeS 86

ishq EiDk`rI : auh pbilk Ed`ry jo inrD`rq BUgoilk iel`ky ivc ishq syv`v~ dy S`sn, pRbMD qy ivqrx

leI ishq EiDk`rI EYkt (Health AuthoritiesAct) EDIn inwukq kIqy j~dy hn| ieh hn, pR`dyiSk ishq borf (Regional Health Boards (RHBs) j~ kimauintI ishq kONsl~ (Community Health Councils (CHCs))| kimauintI ishq syv` susìetIE~ (Commuity Health Service Societies)

(CHSSs) vI iehn~ ivc S`ml hn, B~vy ik iehn~ sosìetIE~ kol EYkt muq`bk koeI drj` nhIN hY qy

ieh E`px` EiDk`r-Kyqr Society Act Enus`r bxèy E`pxy sMivD`n qy bìe-lÈz qoN lYNdIE~ hn |

E`r.EYc.bIíz (RHBs) inrD`rq Kyqr ivc s`rIE~ ishq syv`v~ nUM clàuNdy Eqy pRd`n krdy hn|

sI.EYc.sIíz (CHCs) sUby dy aunH~ ielìkE~ ivc ijQy E`r.EYc.bIíz nhIN hn, Eiq gMBIr qy lg`q`r

clx v`lIE~ sMB`l EDìrq syv`v~ ijvyN hspq`l qy ivck`rly drjy dI sMB`l dIE~ suivD`v~ dIE~ syv`v~

clàuNdIE~ Eqy prd`n krdIE~ hn|

sI.EYc.EYs.EYs (CHSSs) sUby dy auhn~ ielìkE~ ivc ijQy E`r.EYc.bI. nhIN hn, v@fy pYm`ny auqy KyqrI

iksm dIE~ syv`v~ clàuNdIE~ qy pRd`n krdIE~ hn, ijvyN ik pbilk hYlQ, kimaUintI hYlQ kyEr

nrisMg, kimaUintI muV-vsyb`, kys mYnjmYNt, kimauintI ivc rihx leI ishq syv`v~, Eqy b`lg~ leI

m`nisk ishq syv`v~| s~Jy qOr qy sI.EYc.EYs.EYsíz. Eqy sI.EYc.sIíz iksy iek Kyqr ivc s`rIE~ ishq

syv`v~ pRd`n krn d` pRbMD krdIE~ hn|

ishq pirsiQqI : iksy gru@p j~ kimaUintI dI ishq d` drj` ijs d` srvivE`pI EYpfImIElìjkl

ieMfIkytr~, ijvyN rog Eqy mOq dI dr, lìeP EYkspYktYNsI, Eqy izMdgI dy guE`cy sMB`vI s`l dy pYmìnE~

duE`r` mul~kx krn` Eqy ausdI hor E`b`dIE~ n`l quln` krnI|

eykIkrx : syv`v~ dI auplbDq` nUM iek inrMqr lVI ivc prox`, eyjMsIE~ ivck`r imlvrqx qoN lY ky S`sn,

pRbMD, Eqy syv` pRd`n krn dy F~cy dI iekimkq` q@k ieh wkInI bxàux leI ik klìeMt dIE~ loV~ iek

sMwukq, imlvyN, sm@gr Eqy kuSl FMg n`l pUrIE~ hox|

mYnfyt : iksy sMsQ` dI izMmyv`rI d` k`rj-Kyqr|

m`nisk ishq EYkt : ibRitS kulMbIE` d` m`nisk ishq EYkt (Mental Health Act) 1964 ivc GoSq kIq`

igE`| ies d` mMqv hY ì... m`nisk rogIE~, ijnH~ nUM sur@iKE` Eqy sMB`l dI loV hY dy iel`j..." nUM wkInI

bxàux`| m`nisk ishq EYkt d` mu@K Poks Ex-ie@Cq d`Kly, Eqy iel`j leI EKiqE`r, ksv@tI, Eqy

FMg qrIky pRd`n krn auqy hY| ieh EYkt ies g@l nUM wkInI bxàux leI vI sur@iKE` pRd`n krd` hY ik

ieh D`r`v~ wog Eqy inE~pUrx qrIky n`l l`gU kIqIE~ j`x |

m`nisk ishq sMkt : soc, mnodS`, ivvh`r j~ smìjk irSiqE~ ivc Eiq gMBIr gVbV d` pYd` hox` ijs nUM

POrI shìeq` dI loV hovy; ies ivc S`ml hY n`-ikE`sy j`x v`l` q@q ijhV` E`m krky sm`jk kMtrol

pRiqkrm dI G`t n`l sbMiDq huMd` hY, Eqy iehn~ nUM klìeMt, pirv`r j~ kimauintI dy hor mYNbr, sxy

PYmlI f`ktr j~ pulIs v`ly ies qr~H ibE`n kr skdy hn|

irhìeS 87

bhu-DurèI mul~kx : keI DuirE~ (Axes) qoN kIq` j`x v`l` mul~kx| hr Dur` iek v@Kry j`xk`rI-Kyqr d`

hv`l` idMd` hY ijs n`l kilnkI Emly nUM iel`j dI rUp-ryK` iqE`r krn qy nqIjy ikE`s krn ivc

mdd iml skdI hY| fI.EYs.EYm-IV ivc ieh pMj Dury S`ml hn:

EYkisz I kilinkl ivg`V

EYkisz II SKSIEq dy ivg`V

EYkisz III E`m mYfIkl kMfISnz

EYkisz IV mnosmìjk Eqy v`q`vrxI sm@isE`v~

EYkisz IV k`rjSIlq` d` globl mu@l~kx

ApryitMg b@jt : iksy sMgTn nUM clàux leI KricE~ v`sqy loVINdy PMf|

E`rgYink bryn isMfrm : iek m`nisk qy ivvh`rk ivg`V ijhV` idm`Z dy k`rj ivc EsQèI j~ sQèI qOr

qy ivGn pYx k`rx huMd` hY ijs d` k`rx koeI ibm`rI, strok j~ EYksIfYNt ho skd` hY|

EàUtrIc : Kpqk`r~ d` syv`v~ leI c@l ky kilink j~ hspq`l ivc Eàux dI Q~ syv`v~ nUM Kpqk`r~ q@k

(ijvyN ik Gr~ ivc, kMm auqy, iksy suivD` 'qy) lY j`x dI ivDI|

m`nisk ishq ëc BèIv`lI dy m`fl : ivEkqIgq sMB`l wojn~ r`hIN pRd`n kIqIE~ syv`v~ ijnH~ ivc ishq

mMqr`l` (Ministry of Health) syv` pRd`n krn v`ly, sQ`nk srk`r~, pirv`r dy mYNbr, hor aujrq-

rihq syv`d`r Eqy Kpqk`r s~Jy qOr qy wogd`n pàuNdy hn, ieh syv`v~ Kpqk`r dIE~ loV~ m`nisk

ishq pRbMD dy s`ry B`g~ dy rol~ qy k`rj~ dy sMdrB ivc pUrIE~ krdy hn| mnosmìjk muVvsyb` : gMBIr m`nisk rog~ v`ly ivEkqI dI shìeq` v`sqy ifzìen kIqIE~ mno-iciksqk

muVvsyb` syv`v~ jo rog nUM Eqy rog n`l pYd` hoeIE~ G`t~ d` EsrpUrvk FMg n`l pRbMD krdIE~ hn|

jo lok mnosmìjk muVvsyb` syv`v~ pR`pq krdy hn auhn~ dI dUijE~ dy muk`bly ivc Pyr kMm l@gx

dI, j~ skUl v`ps j`x dI j~ kimaUintI ivc E`px` pihl~ v`l` rol Ed` krn wog hox dI K`s qOr 'qy

vDyry sMB`vn` hY| mnosmìjk syv`v~ dy Gyry ieh syv`v~ S`ml ho skdIE~ hn muVvsyb`, kys mYnjmYNt,

irhìeSI iel`j Eqy shìeq`, sMkt syv`v~, smìjk syv`v~, irhìeS, ivvsìek muVvsyb`, niSE~

dI durvrqoN d` iel`j, s`QI sh`r` Eqy pirv`rk sh`r`|

sìekotRoipk fr@g : koeI vI EijhI dvèI ijs d` mUf j~ soc nUM ibhqr krn v`sqy mu@K Esr sYNtRl nrvs

isstm auqy huMd` hY| Sbd ìitpIklî sìekotRoipk fr@g muk`blqn pur`xI fr@g v`sqy vriqE` j~d` hY|

Sbd ìEitpIklî auhn~ sìekotRoipk fr@g~ v`sqy vriqE` j~d` hY jo muk`blqn nvIE~ hn Eqy jo keI

s`ry rog-l@Cx~ d` G@t sìef-iePYkts n`l iel`j krn v`sqy bxèIE~ geIE~ hn|

irhìeS 88

muFlI sMB`l : pRhyzk`rI, rog-pC`x Eqy aupc`rk ishq sMB`l E`m f`ktr~ Eqy dy hor pyS`vr~ v@loN pRd`n

kIqI j~dI hY| klìeMt~ Eqy rogIE~ dI E`m phuMc ivc hox v`lI pihly drjy dI sMB`l hY| mu@FlI sMB`l

ivc S`ml ho skd` hY vDyry pD@r dI ivSySIikRq sMB`l nUM hv`l` dyx`, ims`l vjoN dUsry drjy dI

sMB`l (hspq`l Eqy ivSyS@g~ v@loN sMB`l)| PYimlI f`ktr~ nUM E`m qOr qy mu@FlI sMB`l j~ ìpRìemrI

kyEr d` f`ktrî ikh` j~d` hY|

kuEìltI ESoErMs : iek cld` pRogr`m, ieh wkInI bxàux leI hY ik syv`v~ dI pRd`nq` dy imE`r kìem

r@Ky j` rhy hn|

rYzIfNYSl sMB`l : kimauintI E`Dìrq lìesMsSud` PisltIE~ ijnH` d` st`P auhn~ lok~ nUM kulvkqI sMB`l

ingr`nI Eqy mnosmìjk muV-vsyb` pRd`n krd` hY ijhVy E`pxIE~ smìjk j~/Eqy m`nisk k`rjSIlq`

k`rn suqMqr rihx qoN Esmr@Q hn| ieh PisltIE~ ijhn~ ivc EOsqn 13 ivEkqI rKy j~dy hn,

kimauintI kyEr PisltI EYkt (Community Care Facility Act) Eqy Ef@lt kyEr rYgulySn (Adult Care Regulations) Eqy Enus`r c@ldIE~ hn| iehn~ shUlq~ auqy pRogr`m~ dy pD@r, gèIflèIn~,

p`lsIE~ Eqy pRosIzr l`gU huMdy hn|

ivSySIikRq loV~ leI rYzIfNYSl sMB`l : Eiq gMBIr qMqU-mnoicikqsk rog Eqy bhuq cuxOqIE~ BrpUr vqIry

v`ly lok~ dI sMB`l dIE~ pycId` loV~ pUrIE~ krn leI kimauintI sMB`l dI shUlq leI vDyry

vsIly jutèy j`x d` pRbMD|

rYzIfNYSl pRogr`m/syv`v~ : iek sMgiTq pRogr`m ijhV` klìeMt~ nUM kimauintI ivc rihx dy dOr`n j~

kimauintI ivc rcx imcx dOr`n v@D qoN v@D cMgyrI izMdgI ijaUNx dy wog bxàuNd` hY| irhìeSI syv`v~,

idh`qI j~ SihrI ielìkE~ ivc, Gr~, Ep`rtmYNt~, tàUn hàUs~ ivc j~ siBE`c`rk qOr 'qy Fu@kvyN

hor Q`v~ ivc pRd`n kIqIE~ j` skdIE~ hn|

r`hq : E`rzI, QoV-icrI sMB`l jo iksy pirv`r dy kyErigvr nUM r`hq j~ shìeq` dyx leI id@qI j~dI hY

ijs dy isr 'qy pirv`r dy m`nisk ishq dy gMBIr rogI dI inrMqr sMB`l Eqy ingr`nI dI ijMmyv`rI hY|

ieh r`hq Gr ivc j~ Gr qoN b`hr id@qI j` skdI hY|

dUjy drjy dI sMB`l : (vyKo gMBIr sMB`l )

gMBIr m`nisk rog : E`m qOr qy sikzoPrInIE`, mYink ifprYSn, Eqy bèIpolr ivg`V Eiq dIrG m`nisk

rog igxy j~dy hn| B`vyN, ieh mMinE~ igE` hY ik kuJ lok~ leI mYfIkl Kqr` Eqy ivg`V d` p@Dr hI, ibn`

iksy rog-pC`x dy, auhn~ dy m`nisk rog nUM ìgMBIrî pirBìSq kr idMd` hY|

in@jI-ihqYSI : ibRitS kulMbIE` dI m`nisk ishq sMB`l dI in@jI-ihqYSI kimauintI dy pRqIinD (ims`l vjoN

Kpqk`r, pirv`r, pyS`vr, wUnIEn~, ishq EiDk`rI)|

m`pdMf : iek sQ`pq, imxnwog, pR`pqIwog Eqy smJxwog ibE`n ijhV` iksy prP`rmYNs dy ie@Cq p@Dr nUM

prgtàuNd` hY ijs n`l prP`rmYNs dy v`sqv p@Dr dI qulx` kIqI j` skdI hY| syv` pRd`n krn vìlE~

v@loN sMB`l d` drz` j~ syv` pRd`nq` dI kuEìltI pR`pq krn qy bxèI r@Kx leI vrqy j~dy, ijhVy d@sdy

hn ik iksy syv` qoN Kpqk`r qy E`m lok kI E`s kr skdy hn| jdoN ik p`lsI syv` pRd`n krn v`ly nUM

dsdI hY ik ausny kI krn` hY, m`pdMf iek tUl hY ijs n`l syv` pRd`n krn v`l` E`pxI EslI

prP`rmYNs nUM j`nx leI ausnUM bYNcm`rk dy muk`bly 'qy imxd`, v`cd` Eqy aus n`l quln` krd` hY|

irhìeS 89

shìeq`Sud` ividE` : mno-rog icikqsk EpMgq` v`ly ivEkqIE~ dI shìeq` leI iek pRB`vS`lI s`Dn

ijs n`l auh E`pxI psMd dI ividE` dy mOikE~ dI pR`pqI Eqy pYrvI sPl rUp ivc kr skdy hn|

shìeq`Sud` irhìeS : auhn~ lok~ leI v@Ko vKry irhìeSI pRbMD (E`m qOr 'qy E`qm-inrBr irhìeSI

wUint)ijhVy gMBIr qy inrMqr m`nisk ibm`rIE~ dy mrIz leI hn, qy ijhVy keI s`rIE~ shìeq` syv`v~

Eqy irhìeSI sbisfI dI dI suivD` imlx 'qy suqMqr rUp ivc rihx dy wog hn|

qIsry drjy dI sMB`l : auhn~ lok~ dI sMB`l ijhVy gMBIr, pycId` Eqy EnoKy m`nisk rog~ n`l gRsy hoey hn,

ijhVy Eiq dy sìek`tk vqIry krky j~ auhn~ nUM ivSyS@g st`P j~ suivD`v~ dI loV hYy, sUby ivc pR`pq

muFlI Eqy dUsry drjy dI sMB`l dy vsIilE~ n`l sMB`ly nhIN j` skdy| ies ivc ivSyS syv`v~ vI S`ml

hn, ijvyN b@icE~, ikSor aumr dy b@icE~ dIE~, mnojrèI (psychogeriatric), Eqy Sr`b/niSE~ dI dur-

vrqoN dIE~ Eqy PrYNizk m`nisk ishq syv`v~|

qIsry drjy dI m`nisk ishq sMB`l ivc, ivSySIikRq ientYnisv EikaUt kyEr mul~kx, Eqy gMBIr jIrx

(chronic) kys~ v`sqy QoV-icry iel`j dy pRogr`m, Eqyy QoV-icrI (episodic) Eqy dIrGk`lI doh~ qr~H

dI sMsQ`gq sMB`l vI S`ml hY| ies ivc lMby smyN dI sMB`l S`ml nhIN ijs ivc aunH~ roz`n` ivSyS

kilnkI vsIilE~ dI loV nhIN pYNdI ijhVy kyvl qIsry drjy dI sMB`l pRogr`m~ ivc hI auplbD hn|

aupwogI vyrv` : EijhI j`xk`rI jo vsIilE~ dI idRStm`n Kpq dy pRmìxq imQy imE`r~ n`l muk`bl` kr ky

dyKx leI loVINdI hY|

aupwogI pRbMD : EijhI pRikRE` ijs r`hIN eyjMsIE~ sMB`l vsIilE~ dI kuSl Kpq krn b`ry PYsl` krdIE~ hn,

ijn~H ivc vsIilE~ dI hoeI Kpq d` muk`bl` Fu@kvIN, smyN-isr, Eqy Krcy dI b@cq v`lI Kpq dy pRmìxq

imE`r~ n`l kIq` j~d` hY| ies d` audyS ieh wkInI bxàux` hY ik shI syv`v~ TIk g`hk~ nUM imlx Eqy

aucy imE`r d` iKE`l rKdy hoey G@to G@t kImq auqy smyN-isr imlx|

kdr~ kImq~ : iksy sMsQ` dy ivSv`S ijs auqy aus dy isD~q Eqy k`rj E`Dìrq kIqy j~dy hn, Eqy jo syv`v~

dI wojn`bMdI Eqy syv`v~ clàux dy vI E`D`r bxdy hn|

�� 90

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Blanch, A. K. and Carling, P. J. (1988) Normal Housing With Specialized Supports: APsychiatric Rehabilitation Approach to Living in the Community. Rehabilitation Psychology,33, 47-55.

Bond, O. R., Witheridge, T. F., Wagner, D., Dincin, J, McRae, S. A., Mayes, J., Ward, R. S.(1989) A Comparison of Two Crisis Housing Alternatives to Psychiatric Hospitalization.Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 40, 177-183.

Boydell, K. M., and Everett, B. (I 992) What makes a house a home? An evaluation of asupported housing project for individuals with long-term psychiatric backgrounds. CanadianJournal of Community Mental Health, 10, 109-23.

Bond, G. R., Witheridge, T. F., Wasner, D., Dincin, J., McRae, S. A., Mayes, J., and Ward, R. S.(1989) A comparison of two crisis housing alternatives to psychiatric hospitalization.Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 40, 177-183.

Brown, M. A., Ridgway, P., Anthony, W. A., and Rogers, E. S. (1991) Comparison of outcomesfor clients seeking and assigned to supported housing service. Hospital and CommunityPsychiatry, 42, 1150-53.

Burek, S., Toprac, M., and Olsen, M. (1996, February) Third-year outcomes of supported housingin Texas: Measuring the long-term effects of system change. Paper presented at the SixthAnnual National Conference on State Mental Health Agency Research and ProgramEvaluation Arlington, VA.

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Champney, T. F., and Dzurec, L. C. (1992) Involvement in productive activities and satisfactionwith living situation among severely mentally disabled adults. Hospital and CommunityPsychology, 43, 899-903.

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