2 CLSU

In general, the main objective of this study is to monitor and assess the biodiversity of coastal ecosystems in Sta. Cruz, Botolan and Palauig, Zambales, Philippines. Specifically, it aims: 1. To monitor and assess the biodiversity of the coastal

ecosystems in the 3 municipalities;

2. To determine the physical, chemical and bacteriological characteristics of the water and sediments of the coastal ecosystems;

3. To assess the present condition and status of the coastal ecosystems in the selected municipalities in Zambales;

Project Objectives

4.To determine the status of organisms in the critical habitats based on the IUCN Red List;

5.To gather geo-referenced information on the habitat/ecosystems to be surveyed;

6.To describe the local communities of mKBAs and the 3 selected municipalities of Zambales;

7.To determine the indigenous knowledge on biodiversity conservation; and

8.To develop IEC materials, multimedia and information management system on biodiversity and conservation of coastal ecosystems.

Project Objectives

Selection of Study Areas

Three municipalities in Zambales were selected as the study areas to be monitored and assessed namely: Botolan, Palauig and Sta. Cruz.

The research team conducted a survey in the 3 municipalities to identify the coastal ecosystems to be assessed and monitored.

Barangay Bolitoc, Sabang, Lucapon South and Lipay were selected as study sites in Sta. Cruz. On the other hand, two barangays in Botolan and Palauig were preliminary identified as study sites.

August 15 2013, an inception meeting with DENR Region 3 was conducted to discuss the workplan of activities and related important matters for the implementation of the project.

Inclusion of San Antonio as one of study sites in the socio-economic and anthropology part of the study.

Procurement of necessary supplies, materials and equipment was done during the early stage of the project

Preliminary Activities

Request letters were distributed to the LGU heads (Mayors and Brgy. Captains)

Courtesy calls were also conducted in each municipality.

Preliminary Activities

Sta. Cruz, Zambales

Brgy. Bolitoc Brgy. Sabang

STUDY AREAS

Brgy. Lipay Brgy. Lucapon South

STUDY AREAS

Sta. Cruz, Zambales

Brgy. Bolitoc

Brgy. Sabang

Brgy. Lipay

Brgy. Lucapon South

Component 1. Biodiversity Monitoring and Assessment of Coastal Ecosystems in Sta. Cruz Zambales

13 species of true mangroves and 2 species of associate plants were observed and identified in Barangays Bolitoc, Sabang, Lucapon South and Lipay, Sta. Cruz

5 seagrass and 5 seaweed species were present in the mangrove ecosystems of Brgy. Sabang and Brgy. Bolitoc

9 birds, 5 fishes, 3 mollusks, and 2 crabs were observed in 4 barangays

Combretaceae

Euphorbiaceae

Meliaceae

Meliaceae

Myrsinaceae

Rhizophoraceae

Rhizophoraceae

Rhizophoraceae

Rhizophoraceae

Rhizophoraceae

Sonneratiaceae

Verbenaceae/Avicenniaceae

Verbenaceae/Avicenniaceae

Percentage occurrence of true mangroves and associate plants species in the

mangrove ecosystem in 4 barangays in Sta. Cruz, Zambales

Name of Species STATIONS Percentage

Occurrence Bolitoc Sabang Lucapon Lipay

True mangroves

Sonerratia alba 100%

Rhizophora mucronata 100%

Avicennia marina 75%

Rhizophora apiculata 50%

Lumnitzera racemosa 50%

Excoecaria agallocha 50%

Avicennia alba 50%

Aegiceras corniculatum 50%

Bruguiera sexangula 25%

Xylocarpus moluccensis 25%

Bruguiera cylindrica 25%

Xylocarpus granatum 25%

Ceriops decadra 25%

Associate plants

unknown 1 25%

unknown 2 25%

Percentage occurrence of fauna in the mangrove ecosystem in 4

Barangays in Sta. Cruz, Zambales

Name of Species STATIONS Percentage

Occurrence Bolitoc Sabang Lucapon Lipay

Fishes

Periopthalmus sp. 100%

Terapon sp. 50%

Fish 1 50%

Fish 2 50%

Mugil sp. 25%

Birds

Artamus sp. 100%

Todiramphus chloris 100%

Egretta eulophotes 100%

Geopelia sp. 75%

Butorides sp. 25%

Egretta sacra 25%

Alcedo atthis 25%

Lanius cristatus 25%

Corvus enca 25%

Mollusks

Mollusk1 50%

Mollusk2 50%

Crassostrea gigas 50%

Crabs

Hemigrapsus sp. 50%

Scylla sp. 50%

Fish 1

Occurrence: Brgy. Bolitoc and Brgy. Sabang

Periopthalmus sp.

Occurrence: All Stations

Mugil sp.

Occurrence: Brgy. Lipay

Fish 2


Butorides sp.

Occurrence: Brgy. Sabang

Egretta eulophotes


Corvus enca


Artamus sp.


Lanius cristatus

Occurrence: Brgy. Bolitoc

Todiramphus chloris


Mollusks

Mollusk 1 and Mollusk 2


Crassostrea gigas


Brgy. Lucapon South

Crabs

Hemigrapsus sp.


Brgy. Sabang

Scylla sp.


Brgy. Lucapon South

Percentage occurrence of macrophytes in the mangrove ecosystem of

Brgy. Bolitoc and Brgy. Sabang

Name of Species STATIONS

Percentage Occurrence Bolitoc Sabang

Seaweeds

Sargassum polycystum 100%

Padina sp. 100%

Cladophora glomerata 100%

Sargassum muticum 50%

Unknown 1 50%

Seagrass

Cymodocea rotundata 50%

Halodule pinifolia 50%

Thalassia testudinum 50%

Syringodium isoetifolium 50%

Thalassia hemprichii 50%

Sargassum polycysticum

Occurrence: Brgy.Bolitoc

Brgy. Sabang

Cladophora glomerata


Brgy. Sabang

Sargassum muticum


Padina sp.

Occurrence: Brgy.Bolitoc, Brgy. Sabang

Unknown


Syringodium isoetifolium


Halophila uninervis


Thalassia hemprichii


Cymodocea rotundata.


Unknown


Brgy. Bolitoc Name of Species Importance Value Index

Mangrove Species Sonneratia alba 275.94

Rhizophora mucronata 23.95

Animal Species Periopthalmus sp. 114.10

Mollusc 1 82.60

Terapon sp. 21.49

Mollusc 2 14.39

Artamus sp. 10.35

Fish 2 14.35

Fish1 13.48

Todiramphus

cloris 10.65

Geopelia sp. 6.56

Hemigrapsus sp. 5.31

Egretta eulophotes 2.30

Lanius cristata 2.30

Egretta sacra 2.13


Macrophytes Padina sp. 70.41

Cymodocea rotundata 69.72

Unknown 1 44.15

Halodule pinifolia 42.10

Cladophora glomerta 31.70

Thalassia hemprichii 14.38

Syringodium isoetifolium 9.22

Thalassia testudinum 9.19

Sargassum polycystum 9.13

Brgy. Sabang Name of Species Importance Value Index

Mangrove Species Sonerratia alba 259.15

Avicennia marina 25.04



Mollusk 2 43.92

Littoraria sp. 38.83

Fish 2 24.04

Terapon sp. 21.69

Fish 1 12.92

Todiramphus chloris 6.57

Butorides sp. 4.30

Hemigrapsus sp. 4.30


Alcedo atthis 2.05

Corvus enca 2.05


Macrophytes Cladophora glomerata 125.39

Padina sp. 17.48

Sargassum polycystum 79.65

Sargassum muticum 77.49

Brgy. Lucapon South Name of Species Importance Value Index

Mangrove Species Rhizophora apiculata 96.49

Sonerratia alba 95.58

Excoecaria agallocha 20.41


Bruguiera sexangula 12.31

unknown 1 10.44


Bruguiera cylindrica 9.17

Avicennia alba 6.24

Aegiceras corniculatum 5.87

Lumnitzera racemosa 5.56

Xylocarpus granatum 4.87

unknown 2 4.57

Brgy. Lucapon South Name of Species Importance Value Index

Animal Species Crassostrea gigas 192.78

Periopthalmus sp. 34.34

Geopelia sp. 20.22


Scylla sp. 12.35


Artamus sp. 10.07

Brgy. Lipay Name of Species Importance Value Index

Mangrove Species Sonneratia alba 69.97


Avicennia alba 60.86


Excoecaria agallocha 33.00

Rhizophora apiculata 20.26

Xylocarpus granatum 12.03

Ceriops decadra 9.69

Lumnitzera racemosa 8.55

Aegiceras corniculatum 6.81

Sonneratia alba 69.97


Avicennia alba 60.86

Brgy. Lipay Name of Species Importance Value Index


Crassostrea gigas 57.97

Mugil sp. 55.86

Artamus sp. 23.93

Geopelia sp. 16.35

Scylla sp. 12.28



Shannon’s Diversity Index for Flora and

Fauna of Mangrove Ecosystems

LOCATION SPECIES DIVERSITY

INDEX

INTERPRETATION

BOLITOC 1.88 Low

SABANG 2.19 Low

LUCAPON SOUTH 1.69 Low

LIPAY 2.20 Low

Condition of the Mangrove Habitat in Barangays

Bolitoc, Sabang, Lucapon South and Lipay

BARANGAYS MEASUREMENT CRITERIA

Brgy. Bolitoc

Crown Cover 35.22% Fair

Regeneration Rate 0.34m/2 Fair

Brgy. Sabang


Regeneration Rate 0.94m/2 Good

Brgy, Lucapon South


Regeneration Rate 1.74m/2 Excellent

Brgy. Lipay


Regeneration Rate 1.26m/2 Excellent

Component 2. Physical and Chemical Characteristics of the Coastal Ecosystems

Environmental Parameters in Barangays; Bolitoc, Sabang, Lucapon South, and Lipay

Barangays pH Turbidity Salinity Temperature

Brgy. Bolitoc 7.22 Clear 34.33ppt 26.67ºC

Brgy. Sabang 7.44 Clear 34.67ppt 28 ºC

Brgy. Lucapon South 7.67 0.87 m Slightly clear 30ppt 28.33 ºC

Brgy. Lipay 7.89 0.45 m Muddy 9.5ppt 23 ºC

A. Physical and Chemical Characteristics

B. Sediment and Water Analysis

• Laboratory Analysis - On-Going at CRL Environmental Corporation,

Clarkfield, Pampanga

C. Determination of Sediment Load

Sediment Container Distance from Shoreline Grams

Container 1

Container 2

Container 3

100 meters

150 meters

200 meters

200

100

75

AVERAGE WEIGHT 125 grams

D. Shoreline Tracing in Brgy. Bolitoc and Brgy. Sabang

Satellite images of the shoreline of Brgy. Bolitoc and Brgy. Sabang for

the year 2009, 2011 and 2013

Satellite images of the shoreline of Brgy. Bolitoc from 2003 - 2013

Component 4. Establishment of RIC Learning Center

11 Multimedia/CDs in Impact of

Climate Change on the following

ecosystems:

IEC MATERIALS

18 Multimedia/CDs in

Biodiversity of the following

ecosystems:

IEC MATERIALS

2 Multimedia Prepared: Seaweeds and Seagrasses in Philippines

Philippine Indigenous Marine species

IEC MATERIALS

Brochures that have been prepared:

• Importance of Biodiversity • Indigenous Marine Species • Biodiversity Conservation • Indigenous Knowledge on Biodiversity Conservation • Seagrass and Seaweeds Diversity • Mangroves Diversity

IEC MATERIALS

PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED

• Frequent storms and strong typhoons

affected scheduled field activities

• Vehicle availability

• Availability of Camera with higher

resolutions

• Turbid water obstructed documentation

of animals

• Delayed supplies

REMAINING ACTIVITIES TO BE UNDERTAKEN

Biodiversity assessment in Palauig and Botolan

Seagrass and coral reef assessment in Sta. Cruz

Shoreline tracing, determination of physical-chemical characteristics and sediment loads in Palauig and Botolan.

Finalization of IEC materials.

IUCN status of the identified species.

Verification of the identification of organisms

Establishment of the RIC Learning Center

Documents

2 CLSU