2. Geospace Research Center

“Geospace” refers to the solar-terrestrial environment, beginning with the Earth and extending outward to encompass the Earth’s atmosphere and the Sun. In receiving energetic particles and electromagnetic emissions from the Sun, geospace is very dynamic. In geospace studies, it is essential to treat the Sun, the Earth, and the space between them as a single entity. The Geospace Research Center was established in April 2004 by combining the Center for Joint Observations with Data Processing and Observatories. The purpose of the Geospace Research Center is to coordinate and promote joint research projects on dynamic processes in geospace, including energy flow and transformations of the solar-terrestrial system. The Center consists of a Management Section, a Research Projects Section, four observatories, and two stations. The Center coordinates regular research projects and databases in the field of solar-terrestrial science. A system for constructing STE databases was developed in cooperation with three Center projects. We constantly evaluate and investigate the network database system to conform to the latest trends in flexible data access. (1) Development of the Database System The Portal System was created to allow access to laboratory information through a newly-installed server. The server employs PC-UNIX open-source technology. One feature of the system allows several users to edit a single page of data or text. This system has been used to make research data available, as well as to permit easy access to network data systems. For example, our Sun-Earth connection database was recently successfully interconnected with the “STARS” database developed in Ehime University. (2) Database Production In FY 2007, the following “Database Production” collaborations were approved and carried out: ・Database of Plasmaspheric Plasma Density (M. Iizima) ・Database on Solar Cycle and Long-Term Solar Variability (T. Sakurai) ・Data Archives of the Optical Mesosphere Thermosphere Imagers (K. Shiokawa) ・Archives of the 210 deg. Geomagnetic Data (K. Shiokawa) ・Database on Atmospheric Chemical Composition with Ground-Based Spectroscopic

Technique (T. Nagahama) ・HF Radar Database (N. Nishitani) ・Database of Cosmic-Ray Observations (S. Nozawa) ・EISCAT Database (S. Nozawa) ・Project for Japanese Atmospheric Chemistry Database (S. Hatakeyama) ・Publicity of Imaging Riometer Data in Geomagnetic Anomaly Region (K. Makita) ・Data Archives of the VLF Data at the Kagoshima Observatory (Y. Miyoshi) ・Database for Upper Atmospheric Events Observed by Public People (M. Yamamoto)

33

・The MAGDAS/CPMN/EMN Database (K. Yumoto) ・Quick-Look Plot Database of the Geotail and Fast Data for Comparative Studies of

Satellite and Ground-Based Observations (K. Seki) The Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) database, part of the global HF radar network project, was compiled at the Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory. This database is open to the Japanese SuperDARN community, consisting of scientists who have registered with the Japanese SuperDARN joint research program led by the National Institute of Polar Research. The data are distributed from the University of Saskatchewan in Canada in the form of a DVD-R (data delivery is financially supported by the National Institute of Polar Research). SuperDARN data use is in accordance with the SuperDARN PI agreement. In addition, the Center, with various cooperating institutions in Japan, has constructed the Climate And Weather of the Sun-Earth System (CAWSES) Space Weather Database to promote the international CAWSES program for 2004-2008. (3) Symposia/Workshops The Center supported “The International CAWSES Symposium” hosted by the Scientific Committee on Solar-Terrestrial Physics (SCOSTEP) on October 23-37, 2007, at Kyoto University. The purpose of the conference was to discuss the scientific accomplishments of CAWSES and to look ahead to SCOSTEP’s future programs at a time near the end of the initial five-year period of the first international collaborative research project on CAWSES (2004-2008), which examines the space weather and space climate of the Sun-Earth system. The symposium covered the four major themes of CAWSES: 1) Solar Influence on Climate, 2) Space Weather: Science and Applications, 3) Atmospheric Coupling Processes, and 4) Space Climatology. On November 11-12, 2007, at Kanazawa University, a joint workshop on Information Science in the Space and Earth Fields and the Construction of a Huge Database was held to discuss issues involving future computing and database systems and software construction with the support of the Center. About 50 researchers from various scientific fields attended the workshop. Construction and management of a vast database, data mining, visualization, animation, virtual reality through networks and the international collaborative program electronic Geophysical Year (eGY: 2007-2008) were the primary issues discussed at the workshop. (4) Collaborative Research Collaborative research through the use of the supercomputer system in the Information Technology Center, Nagoya University, was successfully performed. A total of 37 groups used the supercomputer for modeling/simulations of the solar-terrestrial environment and several other scientific calculations. The supercomputer system was refurbished from a Fujitsu VPP5000 vector-parallel machine to a Fujitsu PRIMEPOWER HPC2500 scalar-parallel machine in March 2005. We continued to develop new simulation programs using the 3D domain decomposition method.

34

Projects

The Geospace Research Center has carried out the following three special research projects (five-year plan) in cooperation with research groups in the laboratory and domestic and overseas co-researchers. Project 1: Study of Elementary Plasma Processes in CMEs In order to elucidate the global properties of coronal mass ejections (CMEs), we addressed the following issues: (1) Survey of Density, Speed, and Magnetic Field Structures of CMEs Using Cosmic Ray Modulation and IPS International network observations of cosmic ray modulations conducted by Professor K. Munakata’s group at Shinshu University revealed the large-scale structure of the magnetic field associated with CMEs. To enhance coverage and resolution of cosmic ray data, we have worked on improving the network observation system since 2004. This year, we installed a new FPGA data recorder to the muon detector at Nagoya, which is identical to the one used at San Martinho, Brazil, and started conjugate observations of muon cosmic rays with high time resolution. We also relocated the Iwate University neutron monitor to Doi Inthanon in Thailand (2565 m height), where the geomagnetic cutoff rigidity is the highest in the world (16.8 GV), to make cosmic ray observations (under collaboration between the Mahidol, Chulalongkorn, and Ubon Rajathanee Universities of Thailand, the Shinshu University of Japan, and the University of Delaware of the US). The average energy of primary cosmic rays observable with this neutron detector, called “Princess Sirindhorn Neutron Monitor (PSNM)”, is significantly high, so that PSNM observations are expected to play an important role in connecting the high-latitude neutron monitor and muon detector observations. We investigated the coronal hole-related cosmic ray flux variation (27 day period) during 2006-2007 using observational data from the Global Muon Detector Network (GMDN), composed of 4 stations: Nagoya, Hobart, Sao Martinho, and Kuwait City. As result, we found the prominent drift effects in the cosmic ray density gradient in a solar rotation period. (2) Development of a Highly Sensitive IPS Antenna Improvement of antenna sensitivity is crucial to achieving advanced spatial resolution of IPS observations. In 2006, we began to develop a large-aperture antenna system (called the Solar Wind Imaging Facility; SWIFT) dedicated to IPS observations on the Toyokawa campus. This year, we installed the low-noise receivers and dipole-antenna elements to SWIFT. We also developed an observation control and data acquisition system for SWIFT. (3) International collaboration for Survey of 3D properties of CME Using Space-Borne and Ground-Based (IPS) Observations A workshop aimed at discussing international collaborations in solar wind/CME observations was held on October 30-31, 2007, in Toyokawa, Japan. Twenty-two researchers (13 and 9 from foreign and domestic institutes, respectively) participated in this

35

workshop. Topics addressed included: 1) collaborative observations with the world-wide IPS observation network, 2) collaboration between space-borne and ground-based observations, 3) a solar wind/CME observation project using the next-generation radio telescope, the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA), 4) date format standardization. Project 2: Initiatives in Geospace Research Using Coordinated Ground-Satellite Experiments (1) Aurora and Airglow Measurements in the Canadian Arctic The operation of two all-sky cooled CCD imagers, a filter-tilting meridian-scanning proton aurora photometer, and an induction magnetometer at Resolute Bay (74.7°N, 265.1°E) and Athabasca (54.7°N, 246.7°E), Canada, continued in 2007. These data are available at http://stdb2.stelab.nagoya-u.ac.jp/canada/index.html. Studies of the polar cap patches at Resolute Bay and isolated auroras associated with the Pc1 geomagnetic pulsations (electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves) continued throughout that period. In addition, we made campaign observations of auroral dynamics using 30 Hz-sampled panchromatic all-sky cameras in the auroral zone at Fort Smith and Gillam, Canada, on January–March 2008. This campaign was carried out in collaboration with the THEMIS satellite project. The 10 s-sampled summary images and 1-hour status of this campaign were available through a web page at http://stdb2.stelab.nagoya-u.ac.jp/canada/campaign/canada_campaign.html. (2) Satellite Mission ERG Planning This year the pre-phase-A feasibility study of the Energization and Radiation in Geospace (ERG) satellite mission was carried out under the financial support of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). The members of project 2 undertook leadership of the scientific side of the feasibility study. (3) SuperDARN Radar in Hokkaido Routine observations of the ionosphere, thermosphere, and mesosphere by the SuperDARN HF radar in Hokkaido were continued in the 2007 fiscal year. Initial analysis of the radar

Substorm auroral brightening observed at Gillam, Canada, at 0327 UT on January 14, 2008.

36

data was conducted by involving a strong ion drift event, associated with the overshielding of the magnetospheric electric field during the initial phase of geomagnetic storms, and dayside traveling ionospheric disturbances. (4) Meteor Radar Construction A meteor radar to measure the mesospheric wind was installed at Bear Island, Norway, in December 2006. Routine operation of the radar has continued since summer 2007. We plan to compare these radar data with mesospheric wind and temperature data obtained by the Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere, Energetics, and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite. (5) Other Activities In 2007, Project 2 also supported observations of radiation belt particles at Brazil and Chile, carried out by a researcher from Takushoku University using imaging riometers and optical instruments, and a feasibility study of a sodium lidar development, which will be constructed in STEL in 2008-2009. The various activities of project 2 were reported at the CAWSES international conference, held in October, 2007, in Kyoto. Project 3: Effect of Solar Activity on the Global Environment We began the adjustment and operation of the “Atmospheric change–Solar activity correlation observation system”, introduced by the Special Education-Research Budget, and conducted research on the three subjects below. (1) Solar Activity in the Past and Its Influence on the Earth’s Climate Variations in past solar activity can be studied by measuring concentrations of atmospheric radiocarbon produced by galactic cosmic rays under the influence of solar activity. In order to study past solar activity periodicities, we measured radiocarbon concentrations in annual tree rings, at a high degree of accuracy, from periods of solar activity minima such as the Maunder Minimum and the Spoerer Minimum, and also from periods of normal solar activity. To date, we have found that the periodicity in the Maunder Minimum was 14 years rather than 11 years. This year, we made measurements of radiocarbon concentrations in the Yaku cedar tree from the pre-Spoerer Minimum period to the beginning of the minimum in order to understand the behavior of the whole Spoerer Minimum. The possibility of a longer pre-minimum periodicity was indicated. More measurements will be necessary. We also continued measurements on the 300-year-old buried camphor tree from Kushima, Miyazaki, in southern Japan with an estimated date of the 4th century BC, considered to be one of the solar grand minima. Due to improvements being undertaken on the Accelerator Mass Spectrometer (AMS) building at Nagoya University, we could not use it for measurements through the year, and some measurements were done with the AMS at Tokyo University (MALT). After checking for consistency in the measurements between the AMS units, preliminary data show similar results for the cyclicity of this minimum, in the 4th century BC, and the Maunder Minimum; specifically, a longer than 11 year cycle is indicated in each case.

37

We improved the sample-preparing system for radiocarbon all through last year, and will finish next year. (2) The Influence of Solar Activity on Atmospheric Minor Constituents We are developing highly sensitive millimeter-wave band radiometers for our exclusive use. By performing long-term monitoring observations with the radiometer, we can research the relationship between the time variations of atmospheric compositions and solar activities such as the 11-year solar cycle. In the Atacama highland (23°S, 68°W, alt.4800 m), Chile, we are carrying out continuous observations of a water-vapor isotope (H2

18O) using a millimeter-wave band radiometer. In 2007, we improved the retrieval algorithm for the derivation of the vertical distribution of observed molecular species and a novel baseline correction method using polynomial fitting of spectral lines. By preparing these analytical tools, and an automatic processing program, we can investigate the mechanism of stratospheric water vapor seasonal variations in the subtropical zone of the southern hemisphere. For the millimeter-wave band observations at the Syowa station in Antarctica, we are developing a portable radiometer employing a super low-noise superconducting receiver. In 2007, we developed compact 100 GHz- and 200 GHz-band beam propagation systems and assembled them onto a cryostat with low power consumption. Thermal design under low temperature operation (4 K) was scrupulously undertaken. We confirmed that this receiver system meets the criteria required for the observation of weak emission lines from atmospheric minor constituents. We are constructing a 250 GHz band radiometer in our laboratory. In 2007, we optimized the radiometer, aligning the beam propagation system, and installed an observing program. Finally, receiver noise temperature of 120 K (double side band) was achieved. We utilized a digital spectrometer for the backend of this radiometer. The heat radiation system of the spectrometer was improved with a vacuum chamber, as the cooling efficiency of instruments is generally reduced at alt. 5000 m. We are now building infrastructures in a container-house at the Atacama highland site, where we will install this radiometer system in 2008. Through these developmental approaches, we can observe the weak emission lines of NOx and HOx in the 250 GHz band. The unique long-term observations of this system in the Atacama highlands will provide us with detailed information about changes in mesospheric minor constituents such as O3, H2O, NO, and NO2. Particularly during the next solar maximum, we will be investigating the influence of high-energy particles, promoted by solar activities, on the Earth’s atmosphere by researching the changes in mesospheric chemical compositions induced by the NOx and HOx species, enhanced by relativistic electrons accelerated by geomagnetic storms in the Brazilian geomagnetic anomaly region. Chlorine monoxide (ClO) is deeply related to the destruction of the stratospheric ozone. It is well known that chlorine produced from unnatural species such as freon gas seriously influences the ozone trend. Therefore, a detailed understanding of the distribution and time-variation of ClO is required, following the Kyoto protocol. A Superconducting

38

Submillimeter-Wave Limb Emission Sounder (JEM/SMILES), which will be launched in 2009, requires verification of the validity of ClO observation. We observed the ClO emission line by improving a 250 GHz band millimeter-wave band radiometer system, and succeeded in detecting a ClO emission line with an intensity of 50 mK over six hours’ integration time in the Atacama highland. We plan to carry out long-term ClO observations with the new, more sensitive superconducting receiver, which will give us important information about the relationship between the vertical distribution and time variations of ClO and the long-term ozone changes. (3) Understanding of Elementary Processes for Influences of Solar Activity on the Global Environment We are attempting to clarify interaction processes using laboratory experiments to contribute to model calculations in order to reveal the effect of intensity variations in solar UV radiation, which constitutes a remarkable expression of solar activity variation. In 2007, we developed a system to detect translationally-excited nitrogen atoms, N(4S), with a high degree of sensitivity using a vacuum-ultraviolet laser system. In a laboratory experiment using this system, we refined the process of photo-dissociation of nitrous oxide, N2O, in the upper atmosphere. We also studied the relaxation processes of the translationally-excited nitrogen atom, N(4S), through laboratory experiments and model calculations. These processes are related to the formation rate of nitrogen oxide, NO, in the lower thermosphere. The solar UV radiation intensity variations can change the formation and loss processes of N(4S) atoms. These data help to clarify the chemical processes relevant to ozone and nitrogen compounds in the stratosphere, mesosphere, and lower thermosphere. In particular, we are investigating photo-dissociation processes in the wavelength region with large variations of solar radiation. They are important for elucidating the effect of solar radiation variation on the Earth’s atmosphere. In addition, we determined the rate constants and formation products in the atmospheric reactions of ketone molecules with chlorine atoms.

Observatory

The Geospace Research Center has carried out routine ground-based observations of various physical and chemical phenomena in the solar-terrestrial environment from its own observatories located at Moshiri, Rikubetsu, Fuji, and Kagoshima. These long-term observations are performed in conjunction with similar observations from stations located at Kiso and Sugadaira. Moshiri Observatory The Moshiri Observatory (44.4°N, 142.3°E) is located in Hokkaido. Because of its advantageous location, the observatory plays a significant role in the study of the solar-terrestrial environment. (1) Atmospheric Research The Moshiri Observatory is distant from large cities and relatively free from local pollution and, thus, is well-suited for the study of the tropospheric chemistry of relatively clean air.

39

Stratospheric ozone declined globally at a rate of a few percentage points per decade in the 1980s and 90s. In Japan, the greatest ozone decrease has occurred over Hokkaido. Measurements of stratospheric species using a high resolution Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer system have been made since 1996. Stratospheric NO2 and ozone column amounts have been observed since March 1991 by aground based visible spectrometer. The observations were performed as part of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) organized by NASA. FTIR measurements also provide useful information on some important tropospheric trace gases. Column amounts of CO, C2H6, and HCN have been measured using the FTIR data. The column amounts of these species showed strong seasonal variations. In situ measurements of ozone, CO, and hydrocarbons have been performed in collaboration with Tokyo Metropolitan University and analyzed using the FTIR data. We recently installed an InGaAs detector and remote control software to the FTIR spectrometer to measure column amounts and vertical concentration profiles of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), important greenhouse gases in global warming. The data for the CO2 and CH4 concentrations will be used to validate the GOSAT satellite which will be launched in 2009. (2) Ionospheric and Magnetospheric Research 1) Electromagnetic Wave Observations

ELF/VLF emissions were recorded during the 50th-52nd minute of every hour at the Moshiri Observatory using an analogue recording system. Since June 2006, we replaced the analogue recording system with a 20 kHz digital recording system using a personal computer. The 2 minute digital recording frequency increased to every 30 minutes instead of every hour. Using a spectrum-fitting procedure, ionospheric D-layer height can be estimated from the spectral shape of the tweek emissions in the ELF/VLF dynamic spectrum. We are investigating dynamic variations of the D-layer heights during the geomagnetic storms of 2003-2006 in collaboration with researchers at Chiba University.

Office building of the Moshiri Observatory in Hokkaido.

40

2) Low-latitude Aurora and Magnetic Field Observations

We conducted routine measurements of low-latitude auroras and related magnetic field variations using highly sensitive optical instruments and magnetometers. Twenty low-latitude aurora events were observed at Rikubetsu and Moshiri during the high-solar activity period of 1999-2004. We have not observed low-latitude auroras in 2005-2007 due to lessened magnetic activity during solar minimum. Measurements were made with the following instruments: ・Monochromatic all-sky camera with an image intensifier (manual operation) ・Three-channel northward-looking photometer (automated operation) ・Fluxgate magnetometer (automated operation) ・Induction magnetometer (automated operation) The sampling rate of the induction magnetometer has been raised from 1 Hz to 64 Hz since July 2007 in order to observe Pc1 geomagnetic pulsations. Rikubetsu Observatory The Rikubetsu Observatory (43.5°N, 143.8°E, geomagnetic L-value: 1.5) is located in the eastern part of Hokkaido. A large number of sunny days, light rainfall (688 mm annual average) and snowfall (145 mm annual average), and mild winds (1.6 m/s average) render the site ideal for observing the middle atmosphere and low-latitude auroras. From this observatory, we study: atmospheric minor constituents related to stratospheric ozone depletion using radio, infrared, and optical instruments; low-altitude auroral phenomena using high sensitivity all-sky cameras and photometers; and ionospheric disturbances and atmospheric gravity waves using optical instruments, magnetometers, and a SuperDARN HF radar. After several years of preliminary observations, the Rikubetsu Observation Point was established in 1997, and is jointly operated by STEL and the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES). As of April 1, 2003, Observation Point was upgraded, officially becoming the Rikubetsu Observatory. The National Institute of Information and

Left: The offices and observation room of the Rikubetsu Observatory are located within the Rikubetsu Space and Earth Science Museum, in Hokkaido. Right: New SuperDARN HF radar constructed about 15 km northwest of the Rikubetsu Observatory.

41

Communications Technology (NICT), Tohoku Institute of Technology, and Yokohama National University later joined in our observations. Employing infrared and optical spectroscopic analysis, this observatory plays an important role in the NDACC Network. (1) Study of the Relationship between Atmospheric Minor Constituents and the Stratospheric Ozone Synthetic monitoring of variations in the composition of the middle atmosphere in northern Japan was carried out using a visible spectrometer, a FTIR spectrometer, and a millimeter-wave-band radiometer in collaboration with NIES. With the aid of the FTIR spectrometer, we performed highly accurate measurements of seasonal variations in ozone, HCl, and CO by measuring spectral absorption lines contained in solar background radiation. In addition, we derived the total amount of ozone and NO2 from the intensity of scattering light observed by the visible spectrometer. The mixing ratio of ozone at each altitude can also be obtained by measuring the radiation spectrum of atmospheric ozone using a millimeter-wave band radiometer. In 2007, we continued the steady observation of molecular absorption lines with the FTIR, and reanalyzed the millimeter-wave data obtained in collaboration with NIES since 1999. We corrected the temporal variation of the calibration factor caused by the change in opacity of the styrene-foam vessel of the cold-load calibrator. (2) Study of Mesospheric Gravity Waves by Observing Low-Latitude Auroras and Airglow We have been observing low-latitude auroras and airglow emissions using a highly sensitive all-sky camera, meridian-scanning photometers, an airglow temperature photometer, and a fluxgate magnetometer. In 2007, we held an International SuperDARN Workshop at Hotel Abashiri-ko-sou on 4-8 June. There were 82 participants, including 45 foreign researchers from 12 countries, who took part in the workshop, aimed at discussing the latest results and future plans of the radar network operation. An excursion to the HF radar site in Rikubetsu was made in the afternoon on June 8, and the new radar emitter and receiver system was opened to the visitors. The observed data are available on our homepage at:

optical data: http://stdb2.stelab.nagoya-u.ac.jp/omti/index.html magnetometer data: http://stdb2.stelab.nagoya-u.ac.jp/mm210/index.html HF radar data: http://center.stelab.nagoya-u.ac.jp/hokkaido/index.html

Fuji Observatory and Sugadaira and Kiso Stations Solar wind observations are being carried out using the interplanetary scintillation method. The solar wind observation system consists of four stations: Toyokawa, Fuji, Sugadaira, and Kiso. The Fuji Observatory (35.4°N, 138.6°E) is the key station of the four-station system. It is located at the foot of Mt. Fuji, at an altitude of 1015 m. It was established in 1978 for solar wind observations. Each station has an asymmetric cylindrical parabolic

42

A new IPS antenna at Toyokawa.

antenna operating at 327 MHz. The antenna consists of parabolic frames with stainless steel wires stretching through the frames to form a 2000 m2 parabolic reflector. Each station is fully automated and remotely controlled from Nagoya through an Internet connection. Observations are carried out every day on a routine basis, except during winter. Construction of a new antenna dedicated to IPS observations started in 2006 at Toyokawa. The new antenna is a meridian-transit-type cylindrical parabola with a physical aperture of 106 m NS and 38 m EW. It operates at 327 MHz, the same frequency as the other antennas. In 2007, low-noise receivers, dipole antenna elements, observation control and a data acquisition system were installed at the new antenna, and an overall test was made to check and optimize system performance. Kagoshima Observatory The Kagoshima Observatory (31.5°N, 130.7°E, geomagnetic L-value: 1.2) is located at Tarumizu near the Sakurajima volcano in the southern region of Kyushu Island. Routine observations of the ionosphere and the upper atmosphere are being carried out using the following instruments, in collaboration with other universities: • ELF/VLF radio emission receiver (Tarumizu) • 40 kHz standard radio signal receiver (Tarumizu) • Fluxgate magnetometer (Tarumizu) • Induction magnetometer (Sata) • All-Sky CCD imager (Sata) • Airglow temperature photometer (Sata) Routine observations of ELF/VLF emissions were performed for two minutes every hour using an analogue recording system. In January 2007, this recording system was replaced

43

The Kagoshima Observatory central office.

by a computer-aided 20 kHz digital recording system, which allowed us to store the emission intensity for two minutes every 30 minutes. Using a spectrum-fitting procedure, we can estimate ionospheric D-layer height from the spectral characteristics of tweek emissions at the ELF/VLF band. We are investigating dynamic variations in the D-layer heights during geomagnetic storms, in collaboration with Chiba University. To investigate climatological changes in ELF/VLF emissions associated with 11-year solar cycle variations, we began to digitize the analogue tape archives recorded at Kagoshima observatory over a 31-year period, from 1976 to 2006. In February 2008, a list of all the tapes opened on the web page at http://stdb2.stelab.nagoya-u.ac.jp/vlf/index.html. Observations of geomagnetic field variations have been carried out since 1989 as one of the key stations of the magnetometer chain along the Japanese meridian. Summary plots of one-minute averaged data are found at http://stdb2.stelab.nagoya-u.ac.jp/mm210/. We also opened a new web page for STEL magnetometer plots at http://stdb2.stelab.nagoya-u.ac.jp/ magne/index.html. Observations of nighttime airglow emission from the upper atmosphere were carried out using an all-sky imager (since July 2000) and an airglow temperature photometer (since December 2003) at Sata (31.02°N, 130.68°E), about 70 km south of the Kagoshima Observatory. Since then, all-sky images of giant equatorial plasma bubbles and medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) have been taken. A network telephone line is used for near real-time monitoring of optical measurements at Sata. These optical data are available at http://stdb2.stelab.nagoya-u.ac.jp/omti/. In July 2007, the induction magnetometer was moved from the Kagoshima Observatory to Sata for better low-noise measurement of high frequency (~0.1-10 Hz) geomagnetic pulsations. The data from the induction magnetometer are available at http://stdb2.stelab.nagoya-u.ac.jp/magne/ index.html.

44

3. Publications and Presentations

Published Books and Papers (January 2006-March 2008)

Books

Hirahara, M., I. Shinohara, N. Terada, Y. Miyoshi, and T. Mukai, Editors, Future Perspective of Space Plasma and Particle Instrumentation and International Collaborations, AIP press, New York, USA, in press.

Kamide, Y., and A. C.-L. Chian, Editors, Handbook of Solar-Terrestrial Environment, 540pp, Springer Pub., Heidelberg, Germany, 2007.

Papers (in refereed journals) Abe, K., Y. Hayato, T. Iida, M. Ikeda, J. Kameda, Y. Koshio, A. Minamino, M. Miura, S. Moriyama,

M. Nakahata, S. Nakayama, Y. Obayashi, H. Ogawa, H. Sekiya, M. Shiozawa, Y. Suzuki, A. Takeda, Y. Takeuchi, K. Ueshima, H. Watanabe, S. Yamada, I. Higuchi, C. Ishihara, T. Kajita, K. Kaneyuki, G. Mitsuka, H. Nishino, K. Okumura, C. Saji, Y. Takenaga, S. Clark, S. Desai, F. Dufour, E. Kearns, S. Likhoded, M. Litos, J. L. Raaf, J. L. Stone, L. R. Sulak, W. Wang, M. Goldhaber, D. Casper, J. P. Cravens, J. Dunmore, W. R. Kropp, D. W. Liu, S. Mine, C. Regis, M. B. Smy, H. W. Sobel, M. R. Vagins, K. S. Ganezer, B. Hartfield, J. Hill, W. E. Keig, J. S. Jang, I. S. Jeong, J. Y. Kim, I. T. Lim, K. Scholberg, M. Fechner, N. Tanimoto, C. W. Walter, R. Wendell, S. Tasaka, G. Guillian, J. G. Learned, S. Matsuno, M. D. Messier, T. Hasegawa, T. Ishida, T. Ishii, T. Kobayashi, T. Nakadaira, K. Nakamura, K. Nishikawa, Y. Oyama, Y. Totsuka, A. T. Suzuki, T. Nakaya, H. Tanaka, M. Yokoyama, T. J. Haines, S. Dazeley, R. Svoboda, A. Habig, Y. Fukuda, T. Sato, Y. Itow, T. Koike, T. Tanaka, C. K. Jung, T. Kato, K. Kobayashi, C. McGrew, A. Sarrat, R. Terri, C. Yanagisawa, N. Tamura, Y. Idehara, M. Sakuda, M. Sugihara, Y. Kuno, M. Yoshida, S. B. Kim, B. S. Yang, T. Ishizuka, H. Okazawa, Y. Choi, H. K. Seo, Y. Gando, K. Inoue, Y. Furuse, H. Ishii, K. Nishijima, Y. Watanabe, M. Koshiba, S. Chen, Z. Deng, Y. Liu, D. Kielczewska, H. Berns, K. K. Shiraishi, E. Thrane, and R. J. Wilkes, Search for matter-dependent atmospheric neutrino oscillations in Super-Kamiokande, Phys. Rev., D 77, 052001, 2008.

Abe, K., Y. Hayato, T. Iida, K. Ishihara, J. Kameda, Y. Koshio, A. Minamino, C. Mitsuda, M. Miura, S. Moriyama, M. Nakahata, Y. Obayashi, H. Ogawa, M. Shiozawa, Y. Suzuki, A. Takeda, Y. Takeuchi, K. Ueshima, I. Higuchi, C. Ishihara, M. Ishitsuka, T. Kajita, K. Kaneyuki, G. Mitsuka, S. Nakayama, H. Nishino, K. Okumura, C. Saji, Y. Takenaga, Y. Totsuka, S. Clark, S. Desai, F.

45

Dufour, E. Kearns, S. Likhoded, M. Litos, J. R. Raaf, J. L. Stone, L. R. Sulak, W. Wang, M. Goldhaber, D. Casper, J. P. Cravens, W. R. Kropp, D. W. Liu, S. Mine, C. Regis, M. B. Smy, H. W. Sobel, M. R. Vagins, K. S. Ganezer, J. E. Hill, W. E. Keig, J. S. Jang, J. Y. Kim, I. T. Lim, K. Scholberg, N. Tanimoto, C. W. Walter, R. Wendell, R. W. Ellsworth, S. Tasaka, E. Guillian, J. G. Learned, S. Matsuno, M. D. Messier, A. K. Ichikawa, T. Ishida, T. Ishii, T. Iwashita, T. Kobayashi, T. Nakadaira, K. Nakamura, K. Nitta, Y. Oyama, A. T. Suzuki, M. Hasegawa, I. Kato, H. Maesaka, T. Nakaya, K. Nishikawa, T. Sasaki, H. Sato, S. Yamamoto, M. Yokoyama, T. J. Haines, S. Dazeley, S. Hatakeyama, R. Svoboda, G. W. Sullivan, A. Habig, R. Gran, Y. Fukuda, T. Sato, Y. Itow, T. Koike, C. K. Jung, T. Kato, K. Kobayashi, M. Malek, C. McGrew, A. Sarrat, R. Terri, C. Yanagisawa, N. Tamura, M. Sakuda, M. Sugihara, Y. Kuno, M. Yoshida, S. B. Kim, J. Yoo, T. Ishizuka, H. Okazawa, Y. Choi, H. K. Seo, Y. Gando, T. Hasegawa, K. Inoue, H. Ishii, K. Nishijima, H. Ishino, Y. Watanabe, M. Koshiba, D. Kielczewska, J. Zalipska, H. G. Berns, K. K. Shiraishi, K. Washburn, and R. J. Wilkes, Measurement of atmospheric neutrino flux consistent with tau neutrino appearance, Phys. Rev. Lett., 97, 171801, 2006.

Abe, K., J. Hosaka, T. Iida, K. Ishihara, J. Kameda, Y. Koshio, A. Minamino, C. Mitsuda, M. Miura, S. Moriyama, M. Nakahata, Y. Obayashi, H. Ogawa, M. Shiozawa, Y. Suzuki, A. Takeda, Y. Takeuchi, I. Higuchi, C. Ishihara, M. Ishitsuka, T. Kajita, K. Kaneyuki, G. Mitsuka, S. Nakayama, H. Nishino, A. Okada, K. Okumura, C. Saji, Y. Takenaga, Y. S. Clark, S. Desai, F. Dufour, E. Kearns, S. Likhoded, M. Litos, J. R. Raaf, J. L. Stone, L. R. Sulak, W. Wang, M. Goldhaber, D. Casper, J. P Cavens, J. Dunmore, W. R. Kropp, D. W. Liu, S. Mine, C. Regis, M. B. Smy, H. W. Sobel, M. R. Vagins, K. S. Ganezer, J. Hill, W. E. Keig, J. S. Jang, J. Y. Kim, I. T. Lim, K. Scholberg, N. Tanimoto, C. W. Walter, R. Wendell, R. W. Ellsworth, S. Tasaka, G. Guillian, J. G. Learned, S. Matsuno, M. D. Messier, Y. Hayato, A. K. Ichikawa, T. Ishida, T. Ishii, T. Iwashita, T. Kobayashi, T. Nakadaira, K. Nakamura, K. Nitta, Y. Oyama, Y. Totsuka, A. T. Suzuki, M. Hasegawa, K. Hiraide, I. Kato, H. Maesaka, T. Nakaya, K. Nishikawa, T. Sasaki, H. Sato, S. Yamamoto, M. Yokoyama, T. J. Haines, S. Dazeley, S. Hatakeyama, R. Svoboda, G. W. Sullivan, D. Durcan, M. Swanson, A. Clouchi, A. Habig, Y. Fukuda, T. Sato, Y. Itow, T. Koike, C. K. Jung, T. Kato, K. Kobayashi, M. Malek, C. McGrew, A. Sarrat, R. Terri, C. Yanagisawa, N. Tamura, M. Sakuda, M. Sugihara, Y. Kuno, M. Yoshida, S. B. Kim, B. S. Yang, J. Yoo, T. Ishizuka, H. Okazawa, Y. Choi, H. K. Seo, Y. Gando, T. Hasegawa, K. Inoue, H. Ishii, K. Nishijima, H. Ishino, Y. Watanabe, M. Koshiba, D. Kielczewska, J. Zalipska, H. G. Berns, R. Gran, K. K. Shiraishi, A. Stachyra, E. Thrane, K. Washburn, and R. J. Wilkes, High-energy neutrino astronomy using upward-going muons in Super-Kamiokande I, Astrophys. J., 652, 198-205, 2006.

Abe, T., J. Kurihara, N. Iwagami, S. Nozawa, Y. Ogawa, R. Fujii, H. Hayakawa, and K. Oyama, Dynamics and energetics of the lower thermosphere in aurora (DELTA) – Japanese sounding rocket campaign, Earth Planets Space, 58, 1165-1171, 2006.

Adriani, O., L. Bonechi, M. Bongi, R. D’Alessandro, P. Papani, D. A. Faus, J. Velasco, M. Haguenauer, Y. Itow, K. Masuda, Y. Matsubara, H. Matsumoto, H. Menjo, Y. Muraki, T.

46

Sako, K. Kasahara, T. Tamura, and K. Yoshida, The LHCf experiment at LHC, Chech. J. Phys. Suppl., 56, A107-A116, 2006.

Ahn, M. H., E. Aliu, S. Andringa, S. Aoki, Y. Aoyama, J. Argyriades, K. Asakura, R. Ashie, F. Berghaus, H. G. Berns, H. Bhang, A. Blondel, S. Borghi, J. Bouchez, S. C. Boyd, J. Burguet-Castell, D. Casper, J. Catala, C. Cavata, A. Cervera, S. M. Chen, K. O. Cho, J. H. Choi, U. Dore, S. Echigo, X. Espinal, M. Fechner, E. Fernandez, K. Fujii, Y. Fujii, S. Fukuda, Y. Fukuda, H. Gomez-Cadenas, R. Gran, T. Hara, M. Hasegawa, T. Hasegawa, K. Hayashi, Y. Hayato, R. L. Helmer, I. Higuchi, J. Hill, K. Hiraide, E. Hirose, J. Hosaka, A. K. Ichikawa, M. Ieiri, M. Iinuma, A. Ikeda, T. Inagaki, T. Ishida, K. Ishihara, H. Ishii, T. Ishii, H. Ishino, M. Ishitsuka, Y. Itow, T. Iwashita, H. I. Jang, J. S. Jang, E. J. Jeon, I. S. Jeong, K. K. Joo, G. Jover, C. K. Jung, T. Kajita, J. Kameda, K. Kaneyuki, B. H. Kang, I. Kato, Y. Kato, E. Kearns, D. Kerr, C. O. Kim, M. Khabibullin, A. Khotjantsev, D. Kielczewska, B. J. Kim, H. I. Kim, J. H. Kim, J. Y. Kim, S. B. Kim, M. Kitamura, P. Kitching, K. Kobayashi, T. Kobayashi, M. Kohama, A. Konaka, Y. Koshio, W. Kropp, J. Kubota, Yu. Kudenko, G. Kume, Y. Kuno, Y. Kurimoto, T. Kutter, J. Learned, S. Likhoded, I. T. Lim, S. H. Lim, P. F. Loverre, L. Ludovici, H. Maesaka, J. Mallet, C. Mariani, K. Martens, T. Mariyama, S. Matsuno, V. Matveev, C. Mauger, K. B. McConnel Mahn, C. McGrew, S. Mikheiyev, M. Minakawa, A. Minamino, S. Mine, O. Mineev, C. Mitsuda, C. Mitsuoka, M. Miura, Y. Moriguchi, T. Morita, S. Moriyama, T. Nakadaira, M. Nakahata, K. Nakamura, I. Nakano, F. Nakata, T. Nakaya, S. Nakayama, T. Namba, R. Nambu, S. Nawang, K. Nishikawa, H. Nishino, S. Nishiyama, K. Nitta, S. Noda, H. Noumi, F. Nova, P. Novella, Y. Obayashi, A. Okada, K. Okumura, M. Okumura, M. Onchi, T. Ooyabu, S. M. Oser, T. Otaki, Y. Oyama, M. Y. Pac, H. Park, F. Pierre, A. Rodriguez, C. Saji, R. Schroeter, M. Sekiguchi, E. Seo, E. Sharkey, A. Shima, M. Shiozawa, K. Shiraishi, G. Sitjes, M. Smy, T. Takahshi, M. Takasaki, M. Takatsuki, Y. Takenaga, K. Takenaka, H. Takeuchi, Y. Takeuchi, K. Taki, Y. Takubo, N. Tamura, H. Tanaka, K. Tanaka, M. Tanaka, Y. Tanaka, K. Tashiro, R. Terri, S. T’Jampens, A. Tornero-Lopez, T. Toshito, Y. Totsuka, S. Ueda, M. Vagins, L. Whitehead, C. W. Walter, W. Wang, R. J. Wilkes, S. Yamada, Y. Yamada, S. Yamamoto, Y. Yamanori, C. Yanagisawa, N. Yershov, H. Yokoyama, M. Yokoyama, J. Yoo, M. Yoshida, and J. Zalipska, Measurements of neutrino oscillation by the K2K experiment, Phys. Rev., D74, 072003, 2006.

Amm, O., and R. Fujii, Separation of Cowling channel and local closure currents in the vicinity of a substorm breakup spiral, J. Geophys. Res., in press (10.1029/2008JA013021).

Amm, O., R. Nakamura, H. U. Frey, Y. Ogawa, M. Kubyshikina, A. Balogh, and H. Reme, Substorm topology in the ionosphere and magnetosphere during a flux rope event in the magnetotail, Ann. Geophysicae, 24, 735-750, 2006.

Asai, A., T. Yokoyama, M. Shimojo, S. Masuda, and K. Shibata, Flare Ribbon Expansion and Energy Release, J. Astrophys. Astr., 27, 167-173, 2006.

Asai, K. T., T. Nagatsuma, T. Hori, and Y. Miyoshi, Development of storm-time proton total energy based on multi-observation of NOAA satellites, in Advances in Geosciences 8 ST, edited by M. Duldig et al., World Scientific Pub., Singapore, 79-89, 2007.

Asai, K. T., T. Nagatsuma, H. Shimazu, T. Hori, K. Kitamura, and Y. Miyoshi, Cutoff L-values of solar protons in comparison with ring current protons during a storm: NOAA/POES

47

observations, in Advances in Geosciences 2 ST, edited by M. Duldig et al., World Scientific Pub., Singapore, 105-114, 2006.

Ashour-Abdalla, M., J.-M. Bosqued, M. El-Alaoui, V. Peroomian, T. Umeda, and R. J. Walker, Modeling PSBL high speed ion beams observed by Cluster and Double Star, Adv. Space Res., in press.

Beaulieu, J.-P., D. P. Bennett, P. Fouque, A. Williams, M. Dominik, U. G. Jorgensen, D. Kubas, A. Cassan, C. Coutures, J. Greenhill, K. Hill, J. Menzies, P. D. Sackett, M. Albrow, S. Brillant, J. A. R. Caldwell, J. J. Calitz, K. H. Cook, E. Corrales, M. Desort, S. Dieters, D. Dominis, J. Donatowicz, M. Hoffman, S. Kane, J.-B. Marquette, R. Martin, P. Meintjes, K. Pollard, K. Sahu, C. Vinter, J. Wambsganss, K. Woller, K. Horne, I. Steele, D. M. Bramich, M. Burgdorf, C. Snodgrass, M. Bode, A. Udalski, M. K. Szymanski, M. Kubiak, T. Wieckowski, G. Pietrzynski, I. Soszynski, O. Szewczyk, L. Wyrzykowski, B. Paczynski, F. Abe, I. A. Bond, T. R. Britton, A. C. Gilmore, J. B. Hearnshaw, Y. Itow, K. Kamiya, P. M. Kilmartin, A. V. Korpela, K. Masuda, Y. Matsubara, M. Motomura, Y. Muraki, S. Nakamura, C. Okada, K. Ohnishi, N. J. Rattenbury, T. Sako, S. Sato, M. Sasaki, T. Sekiguchi, D. J. Sullivan, P. J. Tristram, P. C. M. Yock, and T. Yoshioka, Discovery of a cool planet of 5.5 Earth masses through gravitational microlensing, Nature, 439, 437-440, 2006.

Becker-Guedes, F., Y. Sahai, P. R. Fagundes1, E. S. Espinoza, V. G. Pillat, W. L. C. Lima, Su. Basu, Sa. Basu, Y. Otsuka, K. Shiokawa, E. M. MacKenzie, X. Pi, and J. A. Bittencourt, The ionospheric response in the Brazilian sector during the super geomagnetic storm on 20 November 2003, Ann. Geophysicae, 25, 863-873, 2007.

Blum, R. D., J. R. Mould, K. A. Olsen, J. A. Frogel, M. Werner, M. Meixner, F. Markwick-Kemper, R. Indebetouw, B. Whitney, M. Meade, B. Babler, E. B. Churchwell, K. Gordon, C. Engelbracht, B.-Q. For, K. Misselt, U. Vijh, C. Leitherer, K. Volk, S. Points, W. Reach, J. L. Hora, J.-P. Bernard, F. Boulanger, S. Bracker, M. Cohen, Y. Fukui, J. Gallagher, V. Gorjian, J. Harris, D. Kelly, A. Kawamura, W. B. Latter, S. Madden, A. Mizuno, N. Mizuno, A. Nota, M. S. Oey, T. Onishi, R. Paladini, N. Panagia, P. Perez-Gonzalez, H. Shibai, S. Sato, L. Smith, L. Staveley-Smith, A. G. G. M. Tielens, T. Ueta, S. Van Dyk, and D. Zaritsky, Spitzer SAGE survey of the Large Magellanic Cloud. II. evolved stars and infrared color-magnitude diagrams, Astron. J., 132, 2034-2045, 2006.

Bonechi, L., O. Adriani, M. Bongi, G. Castellini, R. D’Alessandro, A. Faus, M. Haguenauer, Y. Itow, K. Kasahara, T. Mase, K. Masuda, Y. Matsubara, H. Matsumoto, H. Menjo, Y. Muraki, P. Papini, T. Sako, T. Tamura, K. Tanaka, S. Torii, A. Tricomi, W. C. Turner, J. Velsco, H. Watanabe, and K. Yoshida, The LHCf experiment at the LHC accelerator, AIP Conf. Proc., 867, 266-273, 2006.

Chian, A. C.-L., and Y. Kamide, An overview of the solar-terrestrial environment, in Handbook of Solar-Terrestrial Environment, edited by Y. Kamide, and A. C.-L. Chian, Springer Pub., Heidelberg, Germany, 1-23, 2007.

Chian, A. C.-L., Y. Kamide, E. L. Rempel, and W. M. Santana, On the chaotic nature of

48

solar-terrestrial environment: Interplanetary Alfven intermittency, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A07S03, 2006 (10.1029/2005JA011396).

Chian, A. C.-L., W. M. Santana, E. L. Rempel F. A. Borotto T. Hada, and Y. Kamide, Chaos in driven Alfven systems: unstable periodic orbits and chaotic saddle, Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 14, 17-29, 2007.

Chiappero, M. S., F. E. Malanca, G. A. Argüello, S. Nishida, K. Takahashi, Y. Matsumi, M. D. Hurley, and T. J. Wallington, New kinetic and spectroscopic measurements in the CF3Ox + NOx system, in Environmental Simulation Chambers: Application to Atmospheric Chemical Processes, edited by I. Bernes and K. J. Rudzinski, Springer, Dordrecht, Netherlands, 213-221, 2006.

Daglis, I. A., B. T. Tsurutani, W. D. Gonzalez, J. U. Kozyra, S. Orsini, J. Cladis, Y. Kamide, M. G. Henderson, and D. Vassiliadis, Key features of intense geospace storms－A comparative study

of a solar maximum and a solar minimum storm, Planet. Space Sci., 55, 32-52, 2007. D’Alessandro, R., O. Adriani, L. Bonechi, M. Bongi, P. Papino, G. Castellini, A. Faus, J. Velasco, M.

Haguenauer, Y. Itow, T. Mase, K. Masuda, Y. Matsubara, H. Matsumoto, H. Menjo, Y. Muraki, T. Sako, H. Watanabe, K. Kasahara, T. Tamura, K. Yoshida, S. Torii, A. Tricomi, and W. C. Turner, LHCf: A LHC detector for astroparticle physics, Acta Physica Polonica B, 38, 829-838, 2007.

Delcourt, D. C., and K. Seki, On the dynamics of charged particles in the magnetosphere of Mercury, in Advances in Geosciences 3 PS, edited by A. Bhardwaj et al., World Scientific Pub., Singapore, 17-28, 2006.

Delcourt, D. C., Y. Saito, K. Seki, and N. Terada, Dynamics of magnetospheric ions at Mercury: Some open questions awaiting Bepi Colombo measurements, in Future Perspectives of Space Plasma and Particle Instrumentation and International Collaborations, AIP press, New York, USA, in press.

Delcourt, D. C., F. Leblanc, K. Seki, N. Terada, T. E. Moore, and M.-C. Fok, Ion energization during substorms at Mercury, Planet. Spa. Sci., 55, 1502-1508, 2007.

Ebihara, Y., Y. Miyoshi, K. Asamura, and M. Hirahara, Microburst cusp ion precipitation observed with Reimei, J. Geophys. Res., 113, A03201, 2008 (10.1029/2007JA012735).

Ebihara, Y., N. Nishitani, T. Kikuchi, T. Ogawa, K. Hosokawa, and M.-C. Fok, Two-dimensional observations of overshielding during a magnetic storm by the SuperDARN Hokkaido radar, J. Geophys. Res., 113, A01213, 2008 (10.1029/2007JA012641).

Enomoto, R., K. Tsuchiya, Y. Adachi, S. Kabuki, P. G. Edwards, A. Asahara, G. V. Bicknell, R. W. Clay, Y. Koi, S. Gunji, S. Hara, T. Hara, T. Hattori, Sei. Hayashi, R. Inoue, C. Itoh, F. Kajino, H. Katagiri, A. Kawachi, S. Kawasaki, T. Kifune, R. Kiuchi, K. Konno, L. T. Ksenofontov, H. Kubo, J. Kushida, Y. Matsubara, Y. Mizumoto, M. Mori, H. Muraishi, Y. Muraki, T. Naito, Y. Sakamoto, M. Sato, S. Suzuki, T. Suzuki, D. L. Swaby, T. Tanimori, H. Tanimura, G. J. Thornton, S. Watanabe, T. Yamaoka, M. Yamazaki, S. Yanagita, T. Yoshida, T. Yoshikoshi, M. Yuasa, and Y. Yukawa, A search for sub-TeV gamma-rays from the Vela Pulsar region

49

with CANGAROO-III, Astrophys. J., 638, 397-408, 2006. Enomoto, R., S. Watanabe, T. Tanimori, A. Asahara, G. V. Bicknell, R. W. Clay, P. G. Edwards, S.

Gunji, S. Hara, T. Hattori, S. Hayashi, Y. Higashi, R. Inoue, C. Itoh, S. Kabuki, F. Kajino, H. Katagiri, A. Kawachi, S. Kawasaki, T. Kifune, R. Kiuchi, K. Konno, L. Ksenofontov, H. Kubo, J. Kushida, Y. Matsubara, T. Mizukami, R. Mizuniwa, M. Mori, H. Muraishi, T. Naito, T. Nakamori, D. Nishida, K. Nishijima, M. Ohishi, Y. Sakamoto, V. Stamatescu, S. Suzuki, T. Suzuki, D. L. Swaby, H. Tanimura, G. Thornton, F. Tokanai, K. Tsuchiya, Y. Yamada, M. Yamazaki, S. Yanagita, T. Yoshida, T. Yoshikoshi, M. Yuasa, and Y. Yukawa, CANGARAOO III observations of the supernova remnant RX J0852.0－4622, Astrophys. J.,

652, 1268-1276, 2006. Eselevich, M., V. Eselevich, and K. Fujiki, Streamer belt and chains as the main sources of

quasi-stationary slow solar wind, Solar Phys., 240, 135-151, 2007. Eselevich, M., V. Eselevich, and K. Fujiki, Sources and properties of the quasi-stationary slow solar

wind, Astronomy Reports, in press. Farrujia, C. J., A. Grocott, P. E. Sandholt, S. W. H. Cowley, Y. Miyoshi, F. J. Rich, V. K. Jordanova,

R. B. Torbert, and A. Sharma, The magnetosphere under weak solar wind forcing, Ann. Geophysicae, 25, 191-205, 2007.

Fejer B. G., J. W. Jensen, T. Kikuchi, M. A. Abdu, and J. L. Chau, Equatorial Ionospheric Electric Fields During the November 2004 Magnetic Storm, J. Geophys. Res., 112, A10304, 2007 (10.1029/2007JA012376).

Fujiwara, H., R. Kataoka, M. Suzuki, S. Maeda, S. Nozawa, K. Hosokawa, H. Fukunishi, N. Sato, and M. Lester, Electromagnetic energy deposition rate in the polar upper thermosphere derived from the EISCAT Svalbard radar and CUTLASS Finland radar observations, Ann. Geophysicae, 25, 2393-2403, 2007.

Fukao, S., T. Yokoyama, T. Tayama, M. Yamamoto, T. Maruyama, and S. Saito, Eastward traverse of equatorial plasma plumes observed with the Equatorial Atmosphere Radar in Indonesia, Ann. Geophysicae, 24, 1411-1418, 2006.

Fukazawa, K., T. Ogino, and R. J. Walker, Configuration and dynamics of the Jovian magnetosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A10207, 2006 (10.1029/2006JA011874).

Fukazawa, K., T. Ogino, and R. J. Walker, Vortex-associated reconnection for northward IMF in the Kronian magnetosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L23201, 2007 (10.1029/2007 GL031784).

Fukazawa, K., S. Ogi, T. Ogino, and R. J. Walker, Magnetospheric convection at Saturn as a function of IMF BZ, Geophys. Res. Lett,. 34, L01105, 2007 (10.1029/2006GL028373).

Fukui, A., F. Abe, K. Ayani, M. Fujii, R. Iizuka, Y. Itow, K. Kabumoto, K. Kamiya, T. Kawabata, S. Kawanomoto, K. Kinugasa, R. A. Koff, T. Krajci, H. Naito, D. Nogami, S. Narusawa, N. Ohishi, K. Ohnishi, T. Sumi, and F. Tsumuraya, Observation of the first gravitational microlensing event in a sparse stellar field: the Tago event, Astrophys. J., 670, 423-427, 2007.

Fukui, Y., H. Yamamoto, M. Fujishita, N. Kudo, K. Torii, S .Nozawa, K. Takahashi, R. Matsumoto, M. Machida, A. Kawamura, Y. Yonekura, N. Mizuno, T. Onishi, and A. Mizuno, Molecular

50

loops in the galactic center: Evidence for magnetic flotation, Science, 314, 106-109, 2006. Gaudi, B. S., D. P. Bennett, A. Udalski, A. Gould, G. W. Christie, D. Maoz, S. Dong, J. McCormick, M.

K. Szymanski, P. J. Tristram, S. Nikolaev, B. Paczynski, M. Kubiak, G. Pietrzynski, I. Soszynski, O. Szewczyk, K. Ulaczyk, L. Wyrzykowski, The OGLE Collaboration, D. L. DePoy, C. Han, S. Kaspi, C.-U. Lee, F. Mallia, T. Natusch, R. W. Pogge, B.-G. Park, The µFUN Collaboration, F. Abe, I. A. Bond, C. S. Botzler, A. Fukui, J. B. Hearnshaw, Y. Itow, K. Kamiya, A. V. Korpela, P. M. Kilmartin, W. Lin, K. Masuda, Y. Matsubara, M. Motomura, Y. Muraki, S. Nakamura, T. Okumura, K. Ohnishi, N. J. Rattenbury, T. Sako, To. Saito, S. Sato, L. Skuljan, D. J. Sullivan, T. Sumi, W. L. Sweatman, P. C. M. Yock, The MOA Collaboration, M. D. Albrow, A. Allan, J.-P. Beaulieu, M. J. Burgdorf, K. H. Cook, C. Coutures, M. Dominik, S. Dieters, P. Fouqué, J. Greenhill, K. Horne, I. Steele, Y. Tsapras, From the PLANET and RoboNet Collaborations, B. Chaboyer, A. Crocker, S. Frank, and B. Macintosh, Discovery of a Jupiter/Saturn analog with gravitational microlensing, Science, 319, 927-930, 2008.

Griffin, E., M. Kosch, A. Aruliah, A. Kavanagh, I. McWhirter, A. Senior, E. Ford, C. Davis, T. Abe, J. Kurihara, K. Kauristie, and Y. Ogawa, Combined ground-based optical support for the aurora (DELTA) sounding rocket campaign, Earth Planets Space, 58, 1113-1121, 2006.

Guillian, G., J. Hosaka, K. Ishihara, J. Kameda, Y. Koshio, A. Minamino, C. Mitsuda, M. Miura, S. Moriyama, M. Nakahata, T. Namba, Y. Obayashi, H. Ogawa, M. Shiozawa, Y. Suzuki, A. Takeda, Y. Takeuchi, S. Yamada, I. Higuchi, M. Ishitsuka, T. Kajita, K. Kaneyuki, G. Mitsuka, S. Nakayama, H. Nishino, A. Okada, K. Okumura, C. Saji, Y. Takenaga, S. Desai, E. Kearns, J. L. Stone, L. R. Sulak, W. Wang, M. Goldhaber, D. Casper, W. Gajewski, J. Griskevich, W. R. Kropp, D. W. Liu, S. Mine, M. B. Smy, H. W. Sobel, M. R. Vagins, K. S. Ganezer, J. Hill, W. E. Keig, K. Scholberg, C. W. Walter, R. W. Ellsworth, S. Tasaka, A. Kibayashi, J. G. Learned, S. Matsuno, M. D. Messier, Y. Hayato, A. K. Ichikawa, T. Ishida, T. Ishii, T. Iwashita, T. Kobayashi, T. Nakadaira, K. Nakamura, K. Nitta, Y. Oyama, Y. Totsuka, A. T. Suzuki, M. Hasegawa, I. Kato, H. Maesaka, T. Nakaya, K. Nishikawa, H. Sato, S. Yamamoto, M. Yokoyama, T. J. Haines, S. Dazeley, S. Hatakeyama, R. Svoboda, E. Blaufuss, J. A. Goodman, G. W. Sullivan, D. Turcan, A. Habig, Y. Fukuda, Y. Itow, M. Sakuda, M. Yoshida, S. B. Kim, J. Yoo, H. Okazawa, T. Ishizuka, C. K. Jung, T. Kato, K. Kobayashi, M. Malek, C. Mauger, C. McGrew, E. Sharkey, C. Yanagisawa, Y. Gando, T. Hasegawa, K. Inoue, J. Shirai, A. Suzuki, K. Nishijima, H. Ishino, Y. Watanabe, M. Koshiba, D. Kielczewska, H. G. Berns, R. Gran, K. K. Shiraishi, A. L. Stachyra, K. Washburn, R. J. Wilkes, and K. Munakata,, Observation of the anisotropy of 10 TeV primary cosmic ray nuclei flux with the Super-Kamiokande-I detector, Phys. Rev. D, 75, 062003, 2007.

Hall, C. M., S. Nozawa, A. H. Manson, and C. E. Meek, Tidal signatures in mesospheric turbulence, Ann. Geophysicae, 24, 453-465, 2006.

Hall, C. M., A. H. Manson, C. E. Meek, and S. Nozawa, Isolated lower mesospheric echoes seen by medium frequency radar at 70ºN, 19ºE, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 5307-5314, 2006.

Hall, C. M., A. Brekke, A. H. Manson, C. E. Meek, and S. Nozawa, Trends in mesospheric turbulence

51

at 70ºN, Atmos. Science Lett., 8, 80-84, 2007. Hall, C. M., T. Aso, M. Tsutsumi, S. Nozawa, C. E. Meek, and A. H. Manson, Comparison of meteor

and medium frequency radar kilometer scale MLT dynamics at 70°N, J. Atoms. Solar-Terr. Phys., 68, 309-316, 2006.

Heki, K., Y. Otsuka, N. Choosakul, N. Hemmakorn, T. Komolmis, and T. Maruyama, Detection of ruptures of Andaman fault segments in the 2004 great Sumatra earthquake with coseismic ionospheric disturbances, J. Geophys. Res., 111, B09313, 2006 (10.1029/2005JB004202).

Hosaka, J., K. Ishihara, J. Kameda, Y. Koshio, A. Minamino, C. Mitsuda, M. Miura, S. Moriyama, M. Nakahata, T. Namba, Y. Obayashi, N. Sakurai, A. Sarrat, M. Shiozawa, Y. Suzuki, Y. Takeuchi, S. Yamada, I Higuchi, M. Ishitsuka, T. Kajita, K. Kaneyuki, G. Mistuoka, S. Nakayama, H. Nishino, A. Okada, K. Okumura, C. Saji, Y. Takenaga, S. Clark, S. Desai, E. Kearns, S. Likhoded, J. L. Stone, L. R. Sulak, W. Wang, M. Goldhaber, D. Casper, J. P. Cravens, W. R. Kropp, D. W. Liu, S. Mine, M. B. Smy, H. W. Sobel, C. W. Sterner, M. R. Vagins, K. S. Ganezer, J. Hill, W. E. Keig, J. S. Jang, J. Y. Kim, I. T. Lim, K. Scholberg, C. W. Walter, R. W. Ellsworth, S. Tasaka, G. Guillian, A. Kibayashi, J. G. Learned, S. Matsuno, M. D. Messier, Y. Hayato, A. K. Ichikawa, T. Ishida, T. Ishii, T. Iwashita, T. Kobayashi, T. Nakadaira, K. Nakamura, K. Nitta, Y. Oyama, Y. Totsuka, A. T. Suzuki, M. Hasegawa, I. Kato, H. Maesaka, T. Nakaya, K. Nishikawa, T. Sasaki, H. Sato, S. Yamamoto, M. Yokogawa, T. J. Haines, S. Dazeley, B. K. Kim, K. B. Lee, S. Hatakeyama, R. Svoboda, E. Blaufuss, J. A. Goodman, G. W. Sullivan, D. Turcan, J. Cooley, A. Habig, Y. Fukuda, T. Sato, Y. Itow, C. K. Jung, T. Kato, K. Kobayashi, M. Malek, K. Martens, C. Mauger, C. McGrew, E. Sharkey, C. Yanagisawa, N. Tamura, M. Sakuda, Y. Kuno, M. Yoshida, S. B. Kim, J. Yoo, H. Okazawa, T. Ishizuka, Y. Choi, H. K. Seo, Y. Gando, T. Hasegawa, K. Inoue, J. Shirai, A. Suzuki, K. Nishijima, H. Ishino, Y. Watanabe, M. Koshiba, D. Kielczewska, J. Zalipska, H. G. Berns, R. Gran, K. K. Shiraishi, A. L. Stachyra, K. Washburnand, and R. J. Wilkes, Solar neutrino measurements in Super-Kamiokande-Ⅰ, Phys. Rev., D73, 112001, 2006.

Hosaka, J., K. Ishihara, J. Kameda, Y. Koshio, A. Minamino, C. Mitsuda, M. Miura, S. Moriyama, M. Nakahata, T. Namba, Y. Obayashi, N. Sakurai, M. Shiozawa, Y. Suzuki, A. Takeda, Y. Takeuchi, S. Yamada, I Higuchi, M. Ishitsuka, T. Kajita, K. Kaneyuki, G. Mitsuoka, S. Nakayama, H. Nishino, A. Okada, K. Okumura, C. Saji, Y. Takenaga, S. Clark, S. Desai, E. Kearns, S. Likhoded, J. L. Stone, L. R. Sulak, W. Wang, M. Goldhaber, D. Casper, J. P. Cravens, W. R. Kropp, D. W. Liu, S. Mine, C. Regis, M. B. Smy, H. W. Sobel, C. W. Sterner, M. R. Vagins, K. S. Ganezer, J. E. Hill, W. E. Keig, J. S. Jang, J. Y. Kim, I. T. Lim, K. Scholberg, C. W. Walter, R. Wendell, R. W. Ellsworth, S. Tasaka, G. Guillian, A. Kibayashi, J. G. Learned, S. Matsuno, M. D. Messier, Y. Hayato, A. K. Ichikawa, T. Ishida, T. Ishii, T. Iwashita, T. Kobayashi, T. Nakadaira, K. Nakamura, K. Nitta, Y. Oyama, Y. Totsuka, A. T. Suzuki, M. Hasegawa, I. Kato, H. Maesaka, T. Nakaya, K. Nishikawa, T. Sasaki, H. Sato, S. Yamamoto, M. Yokogawa, T. J. Haines, S. Dazeley, S. Hatakeyama, R. Svoboda, E. Blaufuss, J. A. Goodman, G. W. Sullivan, D. Turcan, J. Cooley, A. Habig, Y. Fukuda, T. Sato, Y. Itow,

52

C. K. Jung, T. Kato, K. Kobayashi, M. Malek, K. Martens, C. Mauger, C. McGrew, A. Sarrat, C. Yanagisawa, N. Tamura, M. Sakuda, Y. Kuno, M. Yoshida, S. B. Kim, J. Yoo, T. Ishizuka, Y. Choi, H. K. Seo, Y. Gando, T. Hasegawa, K. Inoue, J. Shirai, A. Suzuki, K. Nishijima, H. Ishino, Y. Watanabe, M. Koshiba, D. Kielczewska, J. Zalipska, H. G. Berns, R. Gran, K. K. Shiraishi, A. Stachyra, K. Washburnand, and R. J. Wilkes, Three flavor neutrino oscillation analysis of atmospheric neutrinos in Super-Kamiokande, Phys. Rev., D74, 032002, 2006.

Hosokawa K., K. Shiokawa, Y. Otsuka, A. Nakajima, T. Ogawa, and J. D. Kelly, Estimating drift velocity of polar cap patches with all-sky airglow imager at Resolute Bay, Canada, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L15111, 2006 (10.1029/2006GL026916).

Huang, G., H. Nakajima, S. Masuda, K. Kobayashi, and M. Kubo, Source structures of the 1998 November 28 X-class flare and electron acceleration, Publ. Astron. Soc. Japan, 58, 37-45, 2006.

Ikeda, M., A. Takeda, Y. Fukuda, M. R. Vagins, K. Abe, T. Iida, K. Ishihara, J. Kameda, Y. Koshio, A. Minamino, C. Mitsuda, M. Miura, S. Moriyama, M. Nakahata, Y. Obayashi, H. Ogawa, H. Sekiya, M. Shiozawa, Y. Suzuki, Y. Takeuchi, K. Ueshima, H. Watanabe, S. Yamada, I. Higuchi, C. Ishihara, M. Ishitsuka, T. Kajita, K. Kaneyuki, G. Mitsuka, S. Nakayama, H. Nishino, K. Okumura, C. Saji, Y. Takenaga, S. Clark, S. Desai, F. Dufour, E. Kearns, S. Likhoded, M. Litos, J. L. Raaf, J. L. Stone, L. R. Sulak, W. Wang, M. Goldhaber, D. Casper, J. P. Cravens, J. Dunmore, W. R. Kropp, D. W. Liu, S. Mine, C. Regis, M. B. Smy, H. W. Sobel, K. S. Ganezer, J. Hill, W. E. Keig, J. S. Jang, J. Y. Kim, I. T. Lim, K. Scholberg, N. Tanimoto, C. W. Walter, R. Wendell, R. W. Ellsworth, S. Tasaka, G. Guillian, J. G. Learned, S. Matsuno, M. D. Messier, Y. Hayato, A. K. Ichikawa, T. Ishida, T. Ishii, T. Iwashita, T. Kobayashi, T. Nakadaira, K. Nakamura, K. Nitta, Y. Oyama, Y. Totsuka, A. T. Suzuki, M. Hasegawa, K. Hiraide, H. Maesaka, T. Nakaya, K. Nishikawa, T. Sasaki, S. Yamamoto, M. Yokoyama, T. J. Haines, S. Dazeley, S. Hatakeyama, R. Svoboda, G. W. Sullivan, D. Turcan, A. Habig, T. Sato, Y. Itow, T. Koike, T. Tanaka, C. K. Jung, T. Kato, K. Kobayashi, M. Malek, C. McGrew, A. Sarrat, R. Terri, C. Yanagisawa, N. Tamura, Y. Idehara, M. Sakuda, M. Sugihara, Y. Kuno, M. Yoshida, S. B. Kim, B. S. Yang, J. Yoo, T. Ishizuka, H. Okazawa, Y. Choi, H. K. Seo, Y. Gando, T. Hasegawa, K. Inoue, Y. Furuse, H. Ishii, K. Nishijima, H. Ishino, Y. Watanabe, M. Koshiba, S. Chen, Z. Deng, Y. Liu, D. Kielczewska, J. Zalipska, H. Berns, R. Gran, K. K. Shiraishi, A. Stachyra, E. Thrane, K. Washburn, and R. J. Wilkes, Search for Supernova Neutrino Bursts at Super-Kamiokande, Astrophys. J., 669, 519-524, 2007.

Iwasaki, E., F. Taketani, K. Takahashi, Y. Matsumi, T. J. Wallington, and M. D. Hurley, Mechanism of the gas phase reaction of chlorine atoms with butanone, Chem. Phys. Lett., 439, 274-279, 2007.

Iwasaki, E., T. Nakayama, Y. Matsumi, K. Takahashi, T. J. Wallington, M. D. Hurley, and E. Kaiser, Kinetics and mechanism of the reaction of chlorine atoms with n-pentanal, J. Phys. Chem. A., A112, 1741-1746, 2008.

Iwasaki, E., Y. Matsumi, K. Takahashi, T. J. Wallington, M. D. Hurley, J. J. Orlando, E. W. Kaiser,

53

and J. G. Calvert, Atmospheric chemistry of cyclohexanone: UV spectrum and kinetics of reaction with chlorine atoms, Int. J. Chem. Kinet., 40, 223-229, 2008.

Jackson, B.V., P. P. Hick, A. Buffington, M. M. Bisi, M. Kojima, and M. Tokumaru, Comparison of the extent and mass of CME events in the interplanetary medium using IPS and SMEI Thomson scattering observations, Astronom. Astrophys. Trans., 26, 477-487, 2007.

Janardhan, P., K. Fujiki, H. S. Sawant, M. Kojima, K. Hakamada, and R. Krishnan, Source regions of solar wind disappearance events, J. Geophys. Res., 113, A03102, 2008 (10.1029/2007JA012608).

Jordanova, V. K., Y. Miyoshi, S. Zaharia, M. Thomsen, G. Reeves, D. Evans, C. Moukis, and J. Fennell, Kinetic simulations of ring current evolution during the Geospace Environment Modeling challenge events, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A11S10, 2006 (10.1029/2006JA011644).

Kabuki, S., R. Enomoto, G. V. Bicknell, R. W. Clay, P. G. Edwards, S. Gunji, S. Hara, T. Hattori, S. Hayashi, Y. Higashi, R. Inoue, C. Itoh, F. Kajino, H. Katagiri, A. Kawachi, S. Kawasaki, T. Kifune, R. Kiuchi, K. Konno, H. Kubo, J. Kushida, Y. Matsubara, T. Mizukami, R. Mizuniwa, M. Mori, H. Muraishi, T. Naito, T. Nakamori, D. Nishida, K. Nishijima, M. Ohishi, Y. Sakamoto, V. Stamatescu, S. Suzuki, T. Suzuki, D. L. Swaby, T. Tanimori, G. Thornton, F. Tokanai, K. Tsuchiya, S. Watanabe, Y. Yamada, M. Yamazaki, S. Yanagita, T. Yoshida, T. Yoshikoshi, M. Yuasa, and Y. Yukawa, CANGAROO III search for gamma rays from Centaurus A and the Centauri region, Astrophys. J., 668, 968-973, 2007.

Kamide, Y., The importance of real-time data in solar-terrestrial physics, Adv. Space Res., 37, 1497-1502, 2006.

Kamide, Y., Fukushima’s theorem, in Historical Events and People in Aeronomy, Geomagnetism and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, J. History Geophys. Cosmical Phys. 7, edited by W. Schroeder, AKGGP/SHGCP, Bremen/Potsdam, Germany, 28-32, 2006.

Kamide, Y., What is an “Intense Geomagnetic Storm”?, Space Weather, 4, S06008, 2006 (10.1029/2006SW000248).

Kamide, Y., From IGY to eGY: The importance of real-time data in space physics, in Advances in Geosciences 8 ST, edited by M. Duldig et al., World Scientific, Singapore, 1-24, 2007.

Kamide, Y, and Y. P. Maltsev, Geomagnetic storms, in Handbook of Solar-Terrestrial Environment, edited by Y. Kamide and A. C.-L. Chian, Springer, Heidelberg, Germany, 355-374, 2007.

Kasai, J. Y., J. Urban, C. Takahashi, S. Hoshino, K. Takahashi, J. Inatani, M. Shiotani, and H. Masuko, Stratospheric ozone isotope enrichment studied by submillimeter wave heterodyne radiometry: The observation capabilities of SMILES, IEEE Trans. Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 44, 676-693, 2006.

Kataoka, R., and Y. Miyoshi, Flux enhancement of radiation belt electrons during geomagnetic storms driven by coronal mass ejections and corotating interaction regions, Space Weather, 4, S09004, 2006 (10.1029/2005SW000211).

Kataoka, R., and Y. Miyoshi, Magnetosphere inflation during the recovery phase of geomagnetic storms as an excellent magnetic confinement of killer electrons, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35,

54

L06S09, 2008 (10.1029/2007GL031842). Kataoka, R., and A. Pulkkinen, Geomagnetically induced currents during intense storms driven by

coronal mass ejections and corotating interaction regions, J. Geophys. Res., 113, A03S12, 2008 (10.1029/2007JA012487).

Kataoka, R., N. Nishitani, Y. Ebihara, K. Hosokawa, T. Ogawa, T. Kikuchi, and Y. Miyoshi, Dynamic variation of convection flow reversal in subauroral postmidnight sector as seen by SuperDARN Hokkaido HF radar, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L21105, 2007 (10.1029/2007GL031552).

Kihn, E. A., M. Zhizhin, and Y. Kamide, An analog forecast model for the high-latitude ionospheric potential based on assimilative mapping of ionospheric electrodynamics archives, Space Weather, 4, S05001, 2006 (10.1029/2005SW000199).

Koike, M., N. B. Jones, P. I. Palmer, H. Matsui, Y. Zhao, Y. Kondo, Y. Matsumi, and H. Tanimoto, Seasonal variation of carbon monoxide in northern Japan: Fourier transform IR measurements and source-labeled model calculations, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D15306, 2006 (10.1029/2005JD006643).

Kojima, M., M. Tokumaru, K. Fujiki, K. Hayashi, and B. V. Jackson, IPS tomographic observations of 3D solar wind structure, Astronomical and Astrophysical Transactions, 26, 467-476, 2007.

Kojima, M., M. Tokumaru, K. Fujiki, H. Itoh, T. Murakami, and K. Hakamada, What coronal parameters determine solar wind speed?, in New Solar Physics with Solar-B Mission, ASP Conference Series, 369, edited by K. Shibata, S. Nagata, and T. Sakurai, ASP, San Francisco, U.S.A., 549-556, 2007.

Kono, M., K. Takahashi, and Y. Matsumi, Kinetic study of the collisional quenching of spin-orbitally excited atomic chlorine, Cl(2P1/2), by H2O, D2O and H2O2, Chem. Phys. Lett., 418, 15-18, 2006.

Kosch M. J., T. Pedersen, E. Mishin, S. Oyama, J. Hughes, A. Senior, B. Watkins, and B. Bristow, Coordinated optical and radar observations of ionospheric pumping for a frequency pass through the second electron gyroharmonic at HAARP, J. Geophys. Res., 112, A06325, 2007 (10.1029/2006JA012146).

Kosch M. J., T. Pedersen, E. Mishin, M. Starks, E. Gerken-Kendall, D. Sentman, S. Oyama, and B. Watkins, Temporal evolution of pump beam self-focusing at the High-Frequency Active Auroral Research Program, J. Geophys. Res., 112, A08304, 2007 (10.1029/2007JA012264).

Kotake, N., Y. Otsuka, T. Tsugawa, T. Ogawa, and A. Saito, Climatological study of GPS total electron content variations caused by medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A04306, 2006 (10.1029/2005JA011418).

Kotake, N., Y. Otsuka, T. Ogawa, T. Tsugawa, and A. Saito, Statistical study of medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances observed with the GPS networks in Southern California, Earth Planets Space, 59, 95-102, 2007.

Koustov, A. V., R. A. Drayton, R. A. Makarevich, K. A. McWilliams, J. P. St-Maurice, T. Kikuchi, and H. U. Frey, Observations of high-velocity SAPS-like flows with the King Salmon

55

SuperDARN radar, Ann. Geophysicae, 24, 1591-1608, 2006. Kubota, M., S. Kawamura, M. Abo, Y. Koizumi, Y. Murayama, M. Yamamori, K. Shiokawa, Y.

Otsuka, M. Uchiumi, K. Igarashi, T. Abe, K.-I. Oyama, and N. Iwagami, A fast-propagating, large-scale atmospheric gravity wave observed in the WAVE2004 campaign, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D21110, 2006 (10.1029/2005JD006788).

Kurihara, J., T. Abe, K.-I. Oyama, E. Griffin, M. Kosch, A. Aruliah, K. Kauristie, Y. Ogawa, S. Komada, and N. Iwagami, Observations of the lower thermospheric neutral temperature and density in the DELTA campaign, Earth Planes Space, 58, 1123-1130, 2006.

Kutiev, I., Y. Otsuka, A. Saito, and S. Watanabe, GPS observations of post-storm TEC enhancements at low latitudes, Earth Planets Space, 58, 1479-1486, 2006.

Kutiev, I., Y. Otsuka, A. Saito, and T. Tsugawa, Low-latitude total electron content enhancement at low geomagnetic activity observed over Japan, J. Geophys. Res., 112, A07306, 2007 (10.1029/2007JA012385).

Kuwahara, T., A. Mizuno, T. Nagahama, H. Maezawa, A. Morihira, N. Toriyama, S. Murayama, M. Matsuura, T. Sugimoto, S. Asayama, N. Mizuno, T. Onishi, and Y. Fukui, Ground-based millimeter-wave observations of water vapor emission (183 GHz) at Atacama, Chile, Adv. Space Res., in press.

Lavraud, B., M. F. Thomsen, S. Wing, M. Fujimoto, M. H. Denton, J. E. Borovsky, A. Aasnes, K. Seki, and J. M. Weygand, Observation of two distinct cold, dense ion populations at geosynchronous orbit: local time asymmetry, solar wind dependence and origin, Ann. Geophysicae, 24, 3451-3465, 2006.

Lavraud, B., M. F. Thomsen, B. Lefebvre, S. J. Schwartz, K. Seki, T. D. Phan, Y. L. Wang, A. Fazakerley, H. Reme, and A. Balogh, Evidence for newly closed magnetosheath field lines at the dayside magnetopause under northward IMF, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A05211, 2006 (10.1029/2005JA011266)．

Lorentzen, D. A., P. M., Kintner, J. Moen, F. Sigernes, K. Oksavik, Y. Ogawa, and J. Holmes, Pulsating dayside aurora in relation to ion upflow events during a northward IMF dominated by a strongly negative IMF BY, J. Geophys. Res., 112, A03301, 2007 (10.1029/ 2006JA011757).

Masuda, K., F. Nishikido, E. Shibamura, J. Kikuchi, T. Doke, and T. Murakami, Fluctuation in energy-loss measurements in allene-doped liquid argon for heavy ions, Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res., A570, 487-497, 2007.

Matsumoto, J., K. Takahashi, Y. Matsumi, A. Yabushita, A. Shimizu, I. Matsui, and N. Sugimoto, Scavenging of pollutant acid substances by Asian mineral dust particles, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L07816, 2006 (10.1029/2006GL025782).

Matsumoto, Y., and K. Seki, The secondary instability initiated by the three-dimensional nonlinear evolution of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability, J. Geophys. Res., 112, A06223, 2007 (10.1029/2006JA012114).

Matsumoto, Y., and K. Seki, Implementation of the CIP algorithm to magnetohydrodynamic

56

simulations, Comput. Phys. Commun., in press. Meixner, M., K. D. Gordon, R. Indebetouw, J. L. Hora, B. Whitney, R. Blum, W. Reach, J. -P. Bernard,

M. Meade, B. Babler, C. W. Engelbracht, B. -Q. For, K. Misselt, U. Vijh, C. Leitherer, M. Cohen, E. B. Churchwell, F. Boulanger, J. A. Frogel, Y. Fukui, J. Gallagher, V. Gorjian, J. Harris, D. Kelly, A. Kawamura, S. Kim, W. B. Latter, S. Madden, C. Markwick-Kemper, A. Mizuno, N. Mizuno, J. Mould, , A. Nota, M. S. Oey, K. Olsen, T. Onishi, R. Paladini, N. Panagia, P. Perez-Gonzalez, H. Shibai, S. Sato, L. Smith, L. Staveley-Smith, A. G. G. M. Tielens, T. Ueta, S. V. Dyk, K. Volk, M. Werner, and D. Zaritsky, Spitzer survey of the Large Magellanic Cloud: Surveying the Agents of a Galaxy’s Evolution (SAGE). I. overview and initial results, Astron. J., 132, 2268-2288, 2006.

Miyahara, H., D. Sokoloff, and I. G. Usoskin, The solar cycle at the Maunder minimum epoch, in Advances in Geosiences 2 ST, edited by A. Bhardwaj et al, World Scientific, Singapore, 1-20, 2006.

Miyahara, H., K. Masuda, Y. Muraki, H. Kitagawa, and T. Nakamura, Variation of solar cyclicity during the Spoerer minimum, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A03103, 2006 (10.1029/ 2005JA011016).

Miyahara, H., K. Masuda, K. Nagaya, K. Kuwana, Y. Muraki, and T. Nakamura, Variation of solar activity from the Spoerer to the Maunder minima indicated by radiocarbon content in tree-rings, Adv. Space Res., 40, 1060-1063, 2007.

Miyahara, H., K. Nagaya, K. Masuda, Y. Muraki, H. Kitagawa, and T. Nakamura, Transition of solar cycle length in association with the occurrence of grand solar minima indicated by radiocarbon content in tree-rings, Quaternary Geochronology, 3, 208-212, 2008.

Miyashita Y., Y. Kamide, Y. Miyoshi, S. Machida, K. Liou, T. Mukai, Y. Saito, C.-I. Meng, and G. K. Parks, Magnetotail variations associated with substorm expansion onsets for storm time and nonstorm time, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L24101, 2006 (10.1029/2006GL028142).

Miyoshi, Y., and R. Kataoka, Flux enhancement of the outer radiation belt electrons after the arrival of stream interaction regions, J. Geophys. Res., 113, A03S09, 2008 (10.1029/2007JA012506).

Miyoshi, Y., and R. Kataoka, Probabilistic space weather forecast of the relativistic electron flux enhancement at geosynchronous orbit, J. Atm. Solar-Terr. Phys., 70, 475-481, 2008.

Miyoshi, Y., and V. K. Jordanova, Numerical simulation of energetic electrons in the inner magnetosphere during the October 2001 storm, in Future Perspective of Space Plasma and Particle Instrumentation and International Collaborations, edited by M. Hirahara, I. Shinohara, N. Terada, Y. Miyoshi, and T. Mukai, AIP press, New York, USA, in press.

Miyoshi, Y., A. Morioka, R. Kataoka, Y. Kasahara, and T. Mukai, Evolution of the outer radiation belt during the November 1993 storms driven by corotating interaction regions, J. Geophys. Res., 112, A05210, 2007 (10.1029/2006JA012148).

Miyoshi, Y., V. K. Jordanova, A. Morioka. M. F. Thomsen, G. D. Reeves, D. S. Evans, and J. C. Green, Observations and modeling of energetic electron dynamics during the October 2001 storm, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A11S02, 2006 (10.1029/2005JA011351).

Mizuno, N., E. Muller, H. Maeda, A. Kawamura, T. Minamidani, T. Onishi, A. Mizuno, and Y. Fukui,

57

Detection of molecular clouds in the Magellanic Bridge: Candidate star formation sites in a nearby low-metallicity system, Astrophys. J., 643, L107-L110, 2006.

Morioka, A., H. Nozawa, H. Misawa, F. Tsuchiya, Y. Miyoshi, T. Kimura, and W. Kurth, Rotationally driven quasi-periodic radio emissions in the Jovian magnetosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A04223, 2006 (10.1029/2005JA011563).

Morioka, A., Y. Miyoshi, S. Masuda, F. Tsuchiya, H. Misawa, H. Matsumoto, K. Hashimoto, and H. Oya, Micro-type III radio bursts, Astrophys. J., 657, 567-576, 2007.

Morioka, A., Y. Miyoshi, F. Tsuchiya, H. Misawa, T. Sakanoi, K. Yumoto, R. R. Anderson, J. D. Menietti, and E. F. Donovan, Dual structure of auroral acceleration regions at substorm onsets as derived from auroral kilometric radiation spectra, J. Geophys. Res., 112, A06245, 2007 (10.1029/2006 JA012186).

Motoba, T., S. Fujita, T. Kikuchi, and T. Tanaka, Solar wind dynamic pressure forced oscillation of the magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling system: A numerical simulation of directly pressure-forced geomagnetic pulsations, J. Geophys. Res., 112, A11204, 2007 (10.1029/2006JA012193).

Munakata, K., S. Yasue, C. Kato, J. Kota, M. Tokumaru, M. Kojima, A. A. Dawrwish, T. Kuwabara, and J. W. Bieber, On the cross-field diffusion of galactic cosmic rays into an ICME, in Advances in Geosciences, 2 ST, edited by M. Duldig et al., World Scientific Pub., Singapore, 115-124, 2006.

Muraki, Y., H. Tsuchiya, K. Fujiki, S. Masuda, Y. Matsubara, H. Menjo, T. Sako, K. Watanabe, M. Ohnishi, A. Shiomi, M. Takita, T. Yuda, Y. katayose, N. Hotta, S. Ozawa, T. Sakurai, Y. H. Tan, and J. L. Zhang, A solar neutron telescope in Tibet and its capability examined by the 1998 November 28th event, Astropart. Phys., 28, 119-131, 2007.

Muraki, Y., Y. Matsubara, S. Masuda, S. Sakakibara, T. Sako, K. Watanabe, R. Bütikofer, E. O. Flückiger, A. Chilingarian, G. Hovsepyan, F. Kakimoto, T. Terasawa, Y. Tsunesada, H. Tokuno, A. Velarde, P. Evenson, J. Poirier, and T. Sakai, Detection of high-energy solar neutrons and protons by ground level detectors on April 15, 2001, Astropart. Phys., in press.

Nagahama, T., H. Nakane, Y. Fujinuma, A. Morihira, A. Mizuno, H. Ogawa, and Y. Fukui, Ground-based millimeter-wave radiometer for measuring the stratospheric ozone over Rikubetsu, Japan, J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 85, 495-509, 2007.

Nagahama, T., A. Mizuno, H. Maezawa, H. Nakane, Y. Fujinuma, A. Morihira, H. Ogawa, and Y. Fukui, Continuous measurements of the stratospheric and mesospheric ozone by using ground-based millimeter-wave radiometers, in Proceedings of the International Conference on Submillimeter Science and Technology (ICSST04), Allied publishers Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, India, 20-23, 2006.

Nagashima, K., and Z. Fujii, Coexistence of cosmic-ray sidereal anisotropies originating in galactic space and at the heliomagnetospheric nose and tail boundaries, observed with muon detectors in the energy region of 60~100 GeV, Earth Planets Space, 58, 1487-1498, 2006.

Nagatsuma, T., R. Kataoka, T. Hori, K. T. Asai, and Y. Miyoshi, S-M-I coupling during the

58

superstorm on November 20-21, 2003, Adv. Geoscience, in press. Nakajima, A., K. Shiokawa, K. Seki, R. J. Strangeway, J. P. McFadden, and C. W. Carlson, Particle

and field characteristics of broadband electrons observed by the FAST satellite during a geomagnetic storm, J. Geophys. Res., 112, A06220, 2007 (10.1029/ 2006JA012184).

Nakamura, T., H. Miyahara, K. Masuda, H. Menjo, K. Kuwana, K. Kimura, M. Okuno, M. Minami, H. Oda, A. Rakowski, T. Ohta, A. Ikeda, and E. Niu, High precision 14C measurements and wiggle-match dating of tree rings at Nagoya University, Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. B, 259, 408-413, 2007.

Nakayama, T., K. Takahashi, Y. Matsumi, and H. Fujiwara, Laboratory study of O(1S) formation process in the photolysis of O3 and its atmospheric implications, J. Atmos. Chem., 53, 107-122, 2006.

Nakayama, T., T. Ide, F. Taketani, M. Kawai, K. Takahashi, and Y. Matsumi, Nighttime measurements of ambient N2O5, NO2, NO and O3 in a sub-urban area, Toyokawa, Japan, Atmos. Environ., 42, 1995-2006, 2008.

Nakayama, T., K. Takahashi, Y. Matsumi, A. Toft, M. P. Sulbaek Andersen, O. J. Nielsen, R. L. Waterland, R. C. Buck, M. D. Hurley, and T. J. Wallington, Atmospheric chemistry of CF3CH=CH2 and C4F9CH=CH2 : Products of the gas-phase reactions with Cl atoms and OH radicals, J. Phys. Chem. A., 111, 909-915, 2007.

Narukawa, M., Y. Matsumi, K. Takahashi, and A. Yabushita, Measurements of Ammonium- and Sodium-salt Aerosol Particles Using a Laser-ionization Single-particle Aerosol Mass Spectrometer, Chem. Lett., 36, 904-905, 2007.

Narukawa, M., Y. Matsumi, J. Matsumoto, K. Takahashi, A. Yabushita, K. Sato, and T. Imamura, Real-time analysis of secondary organic aerosol particles formed from cyclohexene ozonolysis using a laser-ionization single-particle aerosol mass spectrometer, Analytical Sciences, 23, 507-512, 2007.

Narukawa, M., Y. Matsumi, J. Matsumoto, K. Takahashi, A. Yabushita, K. Sato, and T. Imamura, Single particle analysis of secondary organic aerosols formed from 1,4-cyclohexadiene ozonolysis using a laser-ionization single-particle aerosol mass spectrometer, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 81, 120-126, 2008.

Nilsson, E. J. K., M. S. Johnson, F. Taketani, Y. Matsumi, M. D. Hurley, and T. J. Wallington, Atmospheric deuterium fractionation: HCHO and HCDO yields in the CH2DO + O2 reaction, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5873-5881, 2007.

Nishimura, Y., A. Shinbori, T. Ono, M. Iizima, and A. Kumamoto, Storm-time electric field distribution in the inner magnetosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L22102, 2006 (10.1029/2006GL027510).

Nishimura, Y., T. Ono, M. Iizima, A. Shinbori, and A. Kumamoto, Generation mechanism of Z-mode waves in the equatorial plasmasphere, Earth Planets Space, 59, 1027-1034, 2007.

Nishimura, Y. A. Shinbori, T. Ono, M. Iizima, and A. Kumamoto, Evolution of ring current and radiation belt particles under the influence of storm-time electric fields, J. Geophys. Res., 112,

59

A06241, 2007 (10.1029/2006JA012177). Nishino M., K. Makita, K. Yumoto, Y. Miyoshi, N. J. Schuch, and M. A. Abdu, Energetic particle

precipitation in the Brazilian geomagnetic anomaly during the “Bastille Day storm” of July 2000, Earth Planets Space, 58, 607-616, 2006.

Nishioka, M., A. Saito, and T. Tsugawa, Occurrence characteristics of plasma bubble derived from global ground-based GPS receiver networks, J. Geophys. Res., in press, (10.1029/2007JA012605).

Nozawa, S., Y. Ogawa, A. Brekke, T. Tsuda, C. M. Hall, H. Miyaoka, J. Kurihara, T. Abe, and R. Fujii, EISCAT observational results during the DELTA campaign. Earth Planets Space, 58, 1183-1191, 2006.

Ogawa, T., Y. Otsuka, and M. Yamamoto, Characteristics and implications of Doppler spectra of E region quasi-periodic echoes observed by the multi-beam MU radar, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A05309, 2006 (10.1029/2005JA011335).

Ogawa, T., Y. Otsuka, K. Shiokawa, A. Saito, and M. Nishioka, Ionospheric disturbances over Indonesia and their possible association with atmospheric gravity waves from the troposphere, J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 84A, 327-342, 2006.

Ogawa, T., Y. Miyoshi, Y. Otsuka, T. Nakamura, and K. Shiokawa, Equatorial GPS ionospheric scintillations over Kototabang, Indonesia and their relation to atmospheric waves from below, Earth Planets Space, in press.

Ogawa, T., Y. Otsuka, K. Shiokawa, T. Tsugawa, A. Saito, K. Hoshinoo, K. Matunaga, M. Kubota, and M. Ishii, Medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances and plasma bubbles observed by an all-sky airglow imager at Yonaguni, Japan, Terr. Atmos. Ocean Sci., in press.

Ogawa, Y., S. C. Buchert, R. Fujii, S. Nozawa, and F. Forme, Naturally enhanced ion-acoustic lines at high altitudes, Ann. Geophysicae, 24, 3351-3364, 2006.

Ogawa, Y., K. Seki, M. Hirahara, K. Asamura, T. Sakanoi, S. C. Buchert, Y. Ebihara, Y. Obuchi, A. Yamazaki, I. Sandahl, S. Nozawa, and R. Fujii, Coordinated EISCAT Svalbard radar and Reimei satellite observations of ion upflows and suprathermal ions, J. Geophys. Res., in press (10.1029/2007JA012791).

Ogino, T., Y. Kajiwara, M. Nakao, K. S. Park, K. Fukazawa, and Y. Yi, MHD simulation of the shock wave event on October 24, 2003, Acta Astron., 61, 923-931, 2007.

Ohya, H., M. Nishino, Y. Murayama, K. Igarashi, and A. Saito, Using tweek atmospherics to measure the response of the low-middle latitude D-region ionosphere to a magnetic storm, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 68, 697-709, 2006.

Orsini, S., L. G. Blomberg, D. Delcourt, R. Grard, S. Massetti, K. Seki, and J. Slavin, Magnetosphere-exosphere-surface coupling at Mercury, Space Sci. Rev., 132, 551-573, 2007.

Otsuka, Y., K. Shiokawa, and T. Ogawa, Equatorial ionospheric scintillations and zonal irregularity drifts observed with closely-spaced GPS receivers in Indonesia, J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 84A, 343-351, 2006.

Otsuka, Y., T. Aramaki, T. Ogawa, and A. Saito, A statistical study of ionospheric irregularities

60

observed with a GPS network in Japan, in Recurrent Magnetic Storms： Corotating Solar Wind Streams, Geophys. Monogr., Series 167, Amer. Geophys. Union, Washington, D.C., 271-281, 2006.

Otsuka, Y., F. Onoma, K. Shiokawa, T. Ogawa, M. Yamamoto, and S. Fukao, Simultaneous observations of nighttime medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances and E-region field-aligned irregularities at midlatitude, J. Geophys. Res., 112, A06317, 2007 (10.1029/ 2005JA011548).

Otsuka, Y., N. Kotake, T. Tsugawa, K. Shiokawa, T. Ogawa, Effendy, S. Saito, M. Kawamura, T. Maruyama, N. Hemmakorn, and T. Komolmis, GPS detection of total electron content variations over Indonesia and Thailand following the 26 December 2004 earthquake, Earth Planets Space, 58, 159-165, 2006.

Pancheva, D., P. Mukhtarov, M. Shepherd, N. J. Mitchell, D. Riggin, D. Fritts, S. Franke, P. Batista, M. Abdu, I. Batista, B. Clemesha, and T. Kikuchi, Two-day wave coupling of the low-latitude atmosphere-ionosphere system, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A07313, 2006 (10.1029/2005JA011562).

Park, K. S., and T. Ogino, A study of storm event on October 21-22, 1999 by the MHD simulation, Earth Planets Space, 58, 633-643, 2006.

Park, K. S., T. Ogino, and R. J. Walker, On the importance of antiparallel reconnection when the dipole tilt and IMF By are nonzero, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A05202, 2006

(10.1029/2004JA010972). Patra A. K., T. Yokoyama, Y. Otsuka, and M. Yamamoto, Daytime 150-km echoes observed with the

Equatorial Atmosphere Radar in Indonesia: First results, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L06101, 2008 (10.1029/2007GL033130).

Patra, A. K., T. Yokoyama, M. Yamamoto, T. Nakamura, T. Tsuda, and S. Fukao, Lower E region field-aligned irregularities studied using the Equatorial Atmosphere Radar and meteor radar in Indonesia, J. Geophys. Res., 112, A01301, 2007 (10.1029/2006JA011825).

Pogorelov, N. V., G. P. Zank, and T. Ogino, Three-dimensional features of the outer heliosphere due to coupling between the interstellar and interplanetary magnetic fields. II. The presence of neutral hydrogen atoms, Astrophys. J., 644,1299-1316, 2006.

Rattenbury, N. J., S. Mao, T. Sumi, and M. C. Smith, Modelling the Galactic bar using OGLE-II red clump giant stars, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 378, 1064-1078, 2007.

Rattenbury, N. J., S. Mao, V. P. Debattista, T. Sumi, O. Gerhard, and F. de Lorenzi, Proper motion dispersions of red clump giants in the galactic bulge: observations and model comparisons, Mon. Not. R. Aston. Soc., 378, 1165-1176, 2007.

Ryu, C.-M., T. Rhee, T. Umeda, P. H. Yoon, and Y. Omura, Turbulent acceleration of superthermal electrons, Phys. Plasmas, 14, 100701, 2007.

Saito, Y., S. Yokota, K. Asamura, T. Tanaka, R. Akiba, M. Fujimoto, H. Hasegawa, H. Hayakawa, M. Hirahara, M. Hoshino, S. Machida, T. Mukai, T. Nagai, T. Nagatsuma, M. Nakamura, K. Oyama, E. Sagawa, S. Sasaki, K. Seki, and T. Terasawa, Low energy charged particle

61

measurement by MAP-PACE onboard SELENE, Earth Planets Space, in press. Sakaguchi, K., K. Shiokawa, A. Ieda, Y. Miyoshi, Y. Otsuka, T. Ogawa, M. Connors, E. F.

Donovan, and F. J. Rich, Simultaneous ground and satellite observations of an isolated proton arc at subauroral latitudes, J. Geophys. Res., 112, A04202, 2007 (10.1029/ 2006JA012135).

Sakaguchi, K., K. Shiokawa, Y. Miyoshi, Y. Otsuka, T. Ogawa, K. Asamura, and M. Connors, Simultaneous appearance of isolated auroral arcs and Pc 1 geomagnetic pulsations at subauroral latitudes, J. Geophys. Res., in press (10.1029/2007JA012888).

Sako, T., T. Sekiguchi, M. Sasaki, K. Okajima, F. Abe, I. A. Bond, J. B. Hearnshaw, Y. Itow, K. Kamiya, P. M. Kilmartin, K. Masuda, Y. Matsubara, Y. Muraki, N. J. Rattenbury, D. J. Sullivan, T. Sumi, P. Tristram, T. Yanagisawa, and P. C. M. Yock, MOA-cam3: a wide-field mosaic CCD camera for a gravitational microlensing survey in New Zealand, Exp. Astron., in press.

Sako, T., O. Adriani, L. Bonechi, M. Bongi, A. Faus, M. Haguenauer, Y. Itow, K. Kasahara, K. Masuda, Y. Matsubara, H. Matsumoto, H. Menjo, Y. Muraki, Y. Obata, T. Tamura, K. Tanaka, S. Torii, W.C. Turner, J. Velasco, and K. Yoshida, Performance of the prototype detector for the LHCf experiment, Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. A, 578, 146-159, 2007.

Sako, T., K. Watanabe, Y. Muraki, Y. Matsubara, H. Tsujihara, M. Yamashita, T. Sakai, S. Shibata, J. F. Valdes-Galicia, L. X. Gonzalez, A. Hurtado, O. Musalem, P. Miranda, N. Martinic, R. Ticona, A. Velarde, F. Kakimoto, S. Ogio, Y. Tsunesada, H. Tokuno, Y. T. Tanaka, I. Yoshikawa, T. Terasawa, Y. Saito, T. Mukai, and M. Gros, Long-lived solar neutron emission in comparison with electron-produced radiation in the 2005 September 7 solar flare, Astrophys. J., 651, L69-L72, 2006.

Santos-Costa, D., S. J. Bolton, R. M. Thorne, Y. Miyoshi, and S. M. Levin, Investigating the origins of the Jovian decimetric emission’s variability, J. Geophys. Res., 113, A01204, 2008 (10.1029/ 2007JA012396).

Sato, J., Y. Matsumoto, K. Yoshimura, S. Kubo, J. Kotoku, S. Masuda, M. Sawa, K. Suga, M. Yoshimori, T. Kosugi, and T. Watanabe, Yohkoh/WBS recalibration and a comprehensive catalogue of solar flares observed by Yohkoh SXT, HXT and WBS instruments, Solar Physics, 236, 351-368, 2006.

Shibata, K., and Y. Kamide, Basic study of space weather predictions: A new project in Japan, Space Weather, 5, S12006, 2007 (10.1029/2006SW000306).

Shinbori, A., T. Ono, M. Iizima, A. Kumamoto, S. Shirai, F, Hanaoka, K. Okamoto, M. Ohashi, and H. Oya, Electrostatic electron cyclotron harmonic waves observed by the Akebono satellite near the equatorial region of the plasmasphere, Earth Planets Space, 59, 613-629, 2007.

Shiokawa, K., Y. Otsuka, and T. Ogawa, Quasiperiodic southward moving waves in 630-nm airglow images in the equatorial thermosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A06301, 2006 (10.1029/2005JA011406).

Shiokawa, K., S. Suzuki, Y. Otsuka, T. Ogawa, T. Nakamura, and T. Horinouchi, An intense gravity wave near the mesopause region observed by a Fabry-Perot interferometer and an airglow

62

imager, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D07106, 2007 (10.1029/2006JD007385). Shiokawa, K., S. Suzuki, Y. Otsuka, T. Ogawa, T. Nakamura, M. G. Mlynczak, and J. M. Russell III,

A multi-instrument measurement of a mesospheric front-like structure at the equator, J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 84A, 305-316, 2006.

Shiokawa, K., G. Lu, Y. Otsuka, T. Ogawa, M. Yamamoto, N. Nishitani, and N. Sato, Ground observation and AMIE-TIEGCM modeling of a storm-time traveling ionospheric disturbance, J. Geophys. Res., 112, A05308, 2007 (10.1029/2006JA011772).

Shiokawa, K., K. Hosokawa, K. Sakaguchi, A. Ieda, Y. Otsuka, T. Ogawa, and M. Connors, The Optical Mesosphere Thermosphere Imagers (OMTIs) for network measurements of aurora and airglow, in Future Perspective of Space Plasma and Particle Instrumentation and International Collaborations, edited by M. Hirahara, I. Shinohara, N. Terada, Y. Miyoshi, and T. Mukai, AIP press, New York, USA, in press.

Shiokawa, K., T. Tsugawa, Y. Otsuka, T. Ogawa, G. Lu, A. Saito, and M. Yamamoto, Optical and radio observations and AMIE/TIEGCM modeling of nighttime traveling ionospheric disturbances at mid-latitudes during geomagnetic storms, in Mid-Latitude Ionospheric Dynamics and Disturbances, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., Amer. Geophys. Union, Washington, D.C. in press.

Shiokawa, K., Y. Otsuka, S. Suzuki, T. Katoh, Y. Katoh, M. Satoh, T. Ogawa, H. Takahashi, D. Gobbi, T. Nakamura, B. P. Williams, C.-Y. She, M. Taguchi, and T. Shimomai, Development of airglow temperature photometers with cooled-CCD detectors, Earth Planets Space, 59, 585-599, 2007.

Shiokawa, K., K. Seki, Y. Miyoshi, A. Ieda, T. Ono, M. Iizima, T. Nagatsuma, T. Obara, T. Takashima, K. Asamura, Y. Kasaba, A. Matsuoka, Y. Saito, H. Saito, M. Hirahara, Y. Tonegawa, F. Toyama, M. Tanaka, M. Nose, Y. Kasahara, K. Yumoto, H. Kawano, A. Yoshikawa, Y. Ebihara, A. Yukimatsu, N. Sato, S. Watanabe, and the Inner Magnetosphere Subgroup in the Society of Geomagnetism and Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences, ERG – A small-satellite mission to investigate the dynamics of the inner magnetosphere, Adv. Space Res., 38, 1861-1869, 2006.

Shue J.-H., and Y. Kamide, Reduction in the westward auroral electrojet by a southward turning of the interplanetary magnetic field: A new interpretation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L22105, 2006 (10.1029/2006GL028091).

Shue, J.-H., A. Ieda, A. T. Y. Lui, G. K. Parks, T. Mukai, and S. Ohtani, Two classes of earthward fast flows in the plasma sheet, J. Geophys. Res., 113, A02205, 2008 (1029/2007JA012456).

Smith, M. C., P. Wozniak, S. Mao, and T. Sumi, Blending in gravitational Microlensing experiments: source confusion and related systematics, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 380, 805-818, 2007.

Suzuki H., K. Shiokawa, M. Tsutsumi, T. Nakamura, and M. Taguchi, Atmospheric gravity waves identified by ground-based observations of the intensity and rotational temperature of OH airglow, Polar Science, in press.

Suzuki, S., K. Shiokawa, Y. Otsuka, T. Ogawa, K. Nakamura, and T. Nakamura, A concentric

63

gravity wave structure in the mesospheric airglow images, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D02102, 2007 (10.1029/2005JD006558).

Suzuki, S., K. Shiokawa, Y. Otsuka, T. Ogawa, M. Kubota, M. Tsutsumi, T. Nakamura, and D. C. Fritts, Gravity wave momentum flux in the upper mesosphere derived from OH airglow imaging measurements, Earth Planets Space, 59, 421-428, 2007.

Swanson, M. E. C., K. Abe, J. Hosaka, T. Iida, K. Ishihara, J. Kameda, A. Koshio, A. Minamino, C. Mitsuda, M. Miura, S. Moriyama, M. Nakahata, Y. Obayashi, H. Ogawa, M. Shiozawa, Y. Suzuki, A. Takeda, Y. Takeuchi, K. Ueshima, I. Higuchi, C. Ishihara, M. Ishitsuka, T. Kajita, K. Kaneyuki, G. Mitsuka, S. Nakayama, H. Nishino, A. Okada, K. Okumura, C. Saji, Y. Takenaga, S. Clark, S. Desai, F. Dufour, E. Kearns, S. Likhoded, M. Litos, J. L. Raaf, S. Mine, C. Regis, M. B. Smy, H. W. Sobel, M. R. Vagins, K. S. Ganezer, J. E. Hill, W. E. Keig, J. S. Jang, J. Y. Kim, I. T. Lim, K. Sholberg, N. Tanimoto, C. W. Walter, R. Wendell, R. W. Ellsworth, S. Tasaka, G. Guillian, J. G. Learned, S. Matsuno, M. D. Messier, Y. Hayato, A. K. Ichikawa, T. Ishida, T. Ishii, T. Iwashita, T. Kobayashi, T. Nakadaira, K. Nakamura, K. Nitta, Y. Oyama, Y. Totsuka, A. T. Suzuki, M. Hasegawa, K. Hiraide, I. Kato, H. Maesaka, T. Nakaya, K. Nishikawa, T. Sasaki, H. Sato, S. Yamamoto, M. Yokoyama, T. J. Haines, S. Dazeley, S. Hatakeyama, R. Svoboda, G. W. Sullivan, D. Turcan, J. Cooley, K. B. M. Mahn, A, Habig, Y. Fukuda, T. Sato, Y. Itow, T. Koike, C. K. Jung, T. Kato, K. Kobayashi, M. Malek, C. McGrew, A. Sarrat, R. Terri, C. Yanagisawa, N. Tamura, M. Sakuda, M. Sugihara, Y. Kuno, M. Yoshida, S. B. Kim, B. S. Yang, J. Yoo, T. Ishizuka, H. Okazawa, Y. Choi, H. K. Seo, Y. Gando, T. Hasegawa, K. Inoue, H. Ishii, K. Nishijima, H. Ishino, Y. Watanabe, M. Koshiba, D. Kielczewska, J. Zalipska, H. G. Berns, R. Gran, K. K. Shiraishi, A. Stachyra, E. Thrane, K. Washburn, and R. J. Wilkes, Search for diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux using ultra-high-energy upward-going muons in Super-Kamiokande I, Astrophys. J., 652, 206-215, 2006.

Tachihara, K, M. Rengel, Y. Nakajima, N. Yamaguchi, P. Andre, R. Neuhauser, T. Onishi, Y. Fukui, and A. Mizuno, Gas and dust condensations and a peculiar class 0 object in the Lupus 3 star-forming cloud, Astrophys. J., 659, 1382-1393, 2007.

Tadokoro, H., F. Tsuchiya, Y. Miyoshi, H. Misawa, A. Morioka, and D. S. Evans, Electron flux enhancement in the inner radiation belt during moderate magnetic storms, Ann. Geophysicae, 25, 1359-1364, 2007.

Takada, T., R. Nakamura, W. Baumjohann, K. Seki, Z. Vörös, Y. Asano, M. Volwerk, A. Runov, T. L. Zhang, A. Balogh, G. Paschmann, R. B. Torbert, B. Klecker, H. Rème, P. Puhl-Quinn, P. Canu, and P. M. E. Décréau, Alfvén waves in the near-PSBL lobe: Cluster observations, Ann. Geophysicae, 24, 1001-1013, 2006.

Takahashi, H., C. M. Wrasse, D. Pancheva, M. A. Abdu, I. S. Batista, L. M. Lima, P. P. Batista, B. R. Clemesha, and K. Shiokawa, Signatures of 3-6 day planetary waves in the equatorial mesosphere and ionosphere, Ann. Geophysicae, 24, 3343-3350, 2006.

Takahashi H., C. W. Wrasse, J. Fechine, D. Pancheva, M. A. Abdu, I. S. Batista, L. M. Lima, P. P. Batista, B. R. Clemesha, N. J. Schuch, K. Shiokawa, D. Gobbi, M. G. Mlynczak, and J. M.

64

Russell, Signatures of ultra fast Kelvin waves in the equatorial middle atmosphere and ionosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L11108, 2007 (10.1029/2007GL029612).

Takahashi, K., E. Iwasaki, Y. Matsumi, and T. J. Wallington, Pulsed laser photolysis vacuum UV laser-induced fluorescence kinetic study of the gas-phase reactions of Cl(2P3/2) atoms with C3-C6 ketones, J. Phys. Chem. A., 111, 1271-1276, 2007.

Takahashi, K., E. Iwasaki, T. Nakayama, Y. Matsumi, and T. J. Wallington, Vacuum ultraviolet laser-induced fluorescence kinetic study of the reactions of Cl atoms with fluoroalkenes (CxF2x+1CH=CH2, x=1,2,4,6, and 8) at low pressures, Int. J. Chem. Kinet., 39, 328-332, 2007.

Takasaki, H., J. Kiyohara, A. Asai, H. Nakajima, T. Yokoyama, S. Masuda, J. Sato, and T. Kosugi, Imaging spectroscopy of a gradual hardening flare on 2000 November 25, Astrophys. J., 661, 1234-1241, 2007.

Takeda, K., Y. Kubota, S. Takashima, M. Hori, A. Serdyuchenko, M. Ito, and Y. Matsumi, Diagnostics of surface wave excited Kr/O2 plasma for low-temperature oxidation processes, J. Appl. Phys., 102, 013302, 2007.

Takenaga, Y., K. Abe, Y. Hayato, T. Iida, K. Ishihara, J. Kameda, Y. Koshio, A. Minamino, C. Mitsuda, M. Miura, S. Moriyama, M. Nakahata, Y. Obayashi, H. Ogawa, M. Shiozawa, Y. Suzuki, A. Takeda, Y. Takeuchi, K. Ueshima, H. Watanabe, S. Yamada, I. Higuchi, C. Ishihara, M. Ishitsuka, T. Kajita, K. Kaneyuki, G. Mitsuka, S. Nakayama, H. Nishino, K. Okumura, C. Saji, Y. Totsuka, S. Clark, S. Desai, F. Dufour, A. Herfurth, E. Kearns, S. Likhoded, M. Litos, J. L. Raaf, J. L. Stone, L.R. Sulak, W. Wang, M. Goldhaber, D. Casper, J. P. Cravens, J. Dunmore, J. Griskevich, W.R. Kropp, D.W. Liu, S. Mine, C. Regis, M.B. Smy, H.W. Sobel, M.R. Vagins, K. S. Ganezer, J. E. Hill, W. E. Keig, J. S. Jang, J. Y. Kim, I. T. Lim, K. Scholberg, N. Tanimoto, C. W. Walter, R. Wendell, R. W. Ellsworth, S. Tasaka, E. Guillian, J. G. Learned, S. Matsuno, M. D. Messier, A. K. Ichikawa, T. Ishida, T. Ishii, T. Iwashita, T. Kobayashi, T. Nakadaira, K. Nakamura, K. Nishikawa, K. Nitta, Y. Oyama, A.T. Suzuki, M. Hasegawa, H. Maesaka, T. Nakaya, T. Sasaki, H. Sato, S. Yamamoto, M. Yokoyama, T.J. Haines, S. Dazeley, S. Hatakeyama, R. Svoboda, G. W. Sullivan, R. Gran, A. Habig, Y. Fukuda, T. Sato, Y. Itow, T. Koike, C. K. Jung, T. Kato, K. Kobayashi, C. McGrew, A. Sarrat, R. Terri, C. Yanagisawa, N. Tamura, M. Sakuda, M. Sugihara, Y. Kuno, M. Yoshida, S. B. Kim, B. S. Yang, T. Ishizuka, H. Okazawa, Y. Choi, H. K. Seo, Y. Gando, T. Hasegawa, K. Inoue, H. Ishii, K. Nishijima, H. Ishino, Y. Watanabe, M. Koshiba, S. Chen, Z. Deng, Y. Liu, D. Kielczewska, H. G. Berns, K. K. Shiraishi, E. Thrane, K. Washburn, and R. J. Wilkes, Search for neutral Q-balls in Super-Kamiokande II, Phys. Lett. B, 647, 18-22, 2007.

Taketani, F., Y. Matsumi, T. J. Wallington, and M. D. Hurley, Kinetics of the gas phase reactions of chlorine atoms with a series of ketones, Chem. Phys. Lett., 431, 257-260, 2006.

Taketani, F., M. Kawai, K. Takahashi, and Y. Matsumi, Trace detection of atmospheric NO2 by laser-induced fluorescence using a GaN diode laser and a diode-pumped YAG laser, Appl. Opt., 46, 907-915, 2007.

Tanaka S., T. Ogino, and T. Umeda, Parametric decay of circularly polarized Alfvén waves in the

65

radially expanding solar wind, J. Geophys. Res., 112, A10110, 2007 (10.1029/JA012513). Tokumaru, M., M. Kojima, K. Fujiki, M. Yamashita, and B. V. Jackson, The source and

propagation of the interplanetary disturbance associated with the full-halo coronal mass ejection on 28 October 2003, J. Geophys. Res., 112, A05106, 2007 (10.1029/ 2006JA012043).

Tokumaru, M., M. Kojima, K. Fujiki, and M. Yamashita, Tracking heliospheric disturbances by interplanetary scintillation, Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 13, 329-338, 2006.

Tokumaru, M., M. Yamashita, M. Kojima, K. Fujiki, and T. Nakagawa, Reconstructed global feature of interplanetary disturbance for the full-halo coronal mass ejection event on 1999 September 20, Adv. Space Res., 38, 547-551, 2006.

Tsuda, T. T., S. Nozawa, A. Brekke, Y. Ogawa, T. Motoba, R. Roble, and R. Fujii, An ion drag contribution to the lower thermospheric wind in the summer polar region, J. Geophys. Res., 112, A06319, 2007 (10.1029/2006JA011785).

Tsugawa, T., Y. Otsuka, A. J. Coster, and A. Saito, Medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances detected with dense and wide TEC maps over North America, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L22101, 2007 (10.1029/2007GL031663).

Tsugawa, T., K. Shiokawa, Y. Otsuka, T. Ogawa, A. Saito, and M. Nishioka, Geomagnetic conjugate observations of large-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances using GPS networks in Japan and Australia, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A02302, 2006 (10.1029/ 2005JA011300).

Tsugawa, T., T. Sadakane, J. Sato, Y. Otsuka, T. Ogawa, K. Shiokawa, and A. Saito, Summer-winter hemispheric asymmetry of sudden increase in ionospheric total electron content induced by solar flares: A role of O/N2 ratio, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A11316, 2006 (10.1029/2006JA011951).

Tsugawa T., S.-R. Zhang, A. J. Coster, Y. Otsuka, J. Sato, A. Saito, Y. Zhang, and L. J. Paxton, Summer-winter hemispheric asymmetry of the sudden increase in ionospheric total electron content and of the O/N2 ratio: Solar activity dependence, J. Geophys. Res., 112, A08301, 2007 (10.1029/2007JA012415).

Tsurutani, B. T., W. D. Gonzalez, A. L. C. Gonzalez, F. L. Guarnieri, N. Gopalswamy, M. Grande, Y. Kamide, Y. Kasahara, G. Lu, I. Mann, R. L. McPherron, F. Soraas, and V. Vasyliunas, Corotating solar wind streams and recurrent geomagnetic activity: A review, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A07S01, 2006 (10.1029/2005JA011273).

Umeda, T., Vlasov simulation of amplitude-modulated Langmuir waves, Phys. Plasmas, 13, 092304, 2006.

Umeda, T., Vlasov simulation of Langmuir wave packets, Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 14, 671-679, 2007.

Umeda T., Numerical study of electrostatic electron cyclotron harmonic wave due to Maxwellian ring velocity distributions, Earth Planets Space, 59, 1205-1210, 2007.

Umeda, T., and R. Yamazaki, Full particle simulation of a perpendicular collisionless shock: A shock-rest-frame model, Earth Planets Space, 58, e41-e44, 2006.

Umeda, T., M. Ashour-Abdalla, D. Schriver, R. L. Richard, and F. V. Coroniti, Particle-in-cell

66

simulation of Maxwellian ring velocity distribution, J. Geophys. Res., 112, A04212, 2007 (10.1029/2006JA012124).

Uspensky, M. V., A. V. Koustov, and S. Nozawa, STARE velocity at large flow angles: is it related to the ion acoustic speed?, Ann. Geophysicae, 24, 873-885, 2006.

Watanabe, K., M. Gros, P. H. Stoker, K. Kudela, C. Lopate, J. F. Valdes-Galicia, A. Hurtado, O. Musalem, R. Ogasawara, Y. Mizumoto, M. Nakagiri, A. Miyashita, Y. Matsubara, T. Sako, Y. Muraki, T. Sakai, and S. Shibata, Solar neutron events of 2003 October-November, Astrophys. J., 636, 1135-1144, 2006.

Watanabe, K., Y. Muraki, Y. Matsubara, K. Murakami, T. Sako, P. Miranda, R. Ticona, A. Velarde, F. Kakimoto, S. Ogio, H. Tokuno, H. Tsuchiya, S. Shibata, T. Sakai, Y. Mizumoto, R. Ogasawara, M. Nakagiri, A. Miyashita, and C. Lopat, Solar neutron events in association with large solar flares in November 2003, Adv. Space Res., 38, 425-430, 2006.

Watanabe, K., T. Sako, Y. Muraki, Y. Matsubara, T. Sakai, S. Shibata, J. F. Valdés-Galicia, L. X. González, A. Hurtado, O. Musalem, P. Miranda, N. Martinic, R. Ticona, A. Velarde, F. Kakimoto, S. Ogio, Y. Tsunesada, H. Tokuno, Y. T. Tanaka, I. Yoshikawa, T. Terasawa, Y. Saito, T. Mukai, and M. Gros, Highly significant detection of solar neutrons on 2005 September 7, Adv. Space Res., 39, 1462-1466, 2007.

Yago, K., K. Shiokawa, K. Yumoto, D. G. Baishev, S. I. Solovyev, and F. J. Rich, Simultaneous DMSP, all-sky camera, and IMAGE FUV observations of the brightening arc at a substorm pseudo-breakup, Earth Planets Space, 59, 45-49, 2007.

Yao, Y., K. Seki, Y. Miyoshi, J. P. McFadden, E. J. Lund, and C. W. Carlson, Effect of solar wind variation on low-energy O+ populations in the magnetosphere during geomagnetic storms: FAST observations, J. Geophys. Res., in press (10.1029/2007JA012681).

Yokoyama, T., and S. Fukao, Upwelling backscatter plumes in growth phase of equatorial spread F observed with the Equatorial Atmosphere Radar, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L08104, 2006 (10.1029/2006GL025680).

Yokoyama, T., S.-Y. Su, and S. Fukao, Plasma blobs and irregularities concurrently observed by ROCSAT-1 and Equatorial Atmosphere Radar, J. Geophys. Res., 112, A05311, 2007 (10.1029/2006JA012044).

Yokoyama, T., Y. Otsuka, T. Ogawa, M. Yamamoto, and D. L. Hysel, First three-dimensional simulation of the Perkins instability in the nighttime midlatitude ionosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L03101, 2008 (10.1029/2007GL032496).

Zhang, P., V. Kharchenko, A. Dalgarno, Y. Matsumi, T. Nakayama, and K. Takahashi, Approach to thermal equilibrium in atomic collisions, Phys. Rev. Lett., 100, 103001, 2008.

67

International Conferences The Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory has been represented in academic year 2007 at various international conferences.

Title Country Date Number of Presentations

RF Ionospheric Interactions Workshop U.S.A. April 22－25, 2007 1

Initial Results from Hinode: Workshop in Memory of Takeo Kosugi

Japan April 24－27, 2007 1

NDACC-IRWG meeting 2007 Spain April 30－May 4, 2007 1

Greenland Space Science Symposium Denmark May 4－9, 2007 1

ISSI International Team Meeting： Coronal Hard X-ray Sources in Solar Flare

Switzerland May 7－11, 2007 1

2007 Taiwan Geosciences Assembly Taiwan May 15－18, 2007 1

AGU 2007 Joint Assembly Mexico May 22－25, 2007 1

SuperDARN Workshop 2007 Japan June 4－8, 2007 13

GEM 2007 Workshop U.S.A. June 17－22, 2007 1

2007 CEDAR/DASI Workshop U.S.A. June 24－29, 2007 2

PD07/International Workshop on new Photon-Detectors Japan June 27－29, 2007 1

IUGG XXIV General Assembly 2007 Italy July 2－13, 2007 9

30th International Cosmic Ray Conference Mexico July 3－11, 2007 6

Bilateral Seminar Italy-Japan on Electromagnetics in Seismic and Volcanic Areas

Japan July 25－27, 2007 1

AOGS 2007/4th Annual Meeting Thailand July 30－August 4, 2007 6

13th International EISCAT Workshop Finland August 6－10, 2007 2

IV International Conference “Solar-Terrestrial Bonds and Earthquake Precursors”

Russia August 14－17, 2007 1

Announcing First Results from Hinode Ireland August 20－24, 2007 1

Cluster PEACE and RAPID Team Meeting U.K. September 5－7, 2007 1

International Conference on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics (TAUP) 2007

Japan September 11－15, 2007 1

The 25th Anniversary of the IMAGE Magnetometer Network

Germany October 8－10, 2007 1

IAU Symposium No. 249 China October 22－26, 2007 2

International CAWSES Symposium Japan October 23－27, 2007 32

Toyokawa IPS Workshop Japan October 30－31, 2007 3

The 2nd International JEM-EUSO Meeting Japan November 2－3, 2007 1

JGRG17 Japan December 3－7, 2007 1

AGU Fall Meeting U.S.A. December 10－14, 2007 15

1st Asia Pacific School on International Heliophysical Year India December 10－22, 2007 1

68

Conference on Earth-Sun System Exploration: Energy Coupling Within and Between Plasma Regimes

U.S.A. January 14－18, 2008 2

Manchester Microlensing Conference U.K. January 21－25, 2008 1

The First Korean Winter School on Space Physics Korea February 21－22, 2008 1

US-Japan Workshop on Magnetic Reconnection 2008 Japan March 3－6, 2008 1

Accelerators in the Universe Japan March 12－14, 2008 1

SMILES International Workshop Japan March 17－19, 2008 2

International Workshop on Advances in Cosmic Ray Science

Japan March 17－19, 2008 1

69

70

4. Staff

Organization

Administrative Section

Research Divisions

Geospace Research Center

Engineering Section

Division II: Ionospheric and

Magnetospheric Environment

Management Section

Moshiri Observatory

Rikubetsu Observatory

Fuji Observatory

Kagoshima Observatory

Accounting Division

General Affairs Division

Research Projects Section

Division I: Atmospheric Environment

Division for Visiting Scientists

Division IV: Integrated Studies

Division II: Ionospheric and Magnetospheric Environment

Division III: Heliospheric Environment

Deputy Director

Director

71

Staff List ○Joined the Laboratory in the 2007 academic year ▲Left the Laboratory in the 2007 academic year *Affiliated with the Laboratory’s Toyokawa branch

Director Ryoichi Fujii Deputy Director Masayoshi Kojima▲

Yutaka Matsumi○ Research Divisions Division I: Atmospheric Environment Yutaka Matsumi Professor Akira Mizuno Professor Tomoo Nagahama Associate Professor Tomoki Nakayama○ Assistant Professor Division II: Ionospheric and Magnetospheric Environment Tadahiko Ogawa▲ Professor Ryoichi Fujii Professor Kazuo Shiokawa* Associate Professor Satonori Nozawa Associate Professor Yuichi Otsuka* Assistant Professor Shin’ichiro Oyama○ Assistant Professor Division III: Heliospheric Environment Masayoshi Kojima▲ Professor Yoshitaka Itow Professor Yutaka Matsubara Associate Professor Kimiaki Masuda Associate Professor Munetoshi Tokumaru Associate Professor Takashi Sako Assistant Professor Takahiro Sumi Assistant Professor Division IV: Integrated Studies Takashi Kikuchi Professor Satoshi Masuda Associate Professor Kanako Seki Associate Professor Akimasa Ieda Assistant Professor Yoshizumi Miyoshi Assistant Professor

72

Geospace Research Center Masayoshi Kojima▲ Director, Professor Tatsuki Ogino○ Director, Professor Fumio Abe Associate Professor Nozomu Nishitani Associate Professor Ken’ichi Fujiki Assistant Professor Hiroyuki Maezawa Assistant Professor Takayuki Umeda Assistant Professor

Observatories Moshiri Observatory Yutaka Matsumi Director, Professor Rikubetsu Observatory Akira Mizuno Director, Professor Fuji Observatory Masayoshi Kojima▲ Director, Professor Munetoshi Tokumaru○ Associate Professor Kagoshima Observatory Tadahiko Ogawa▲ Director, Professor Kazuo Shiokawa○ Associate Professor

Administrative Section Keisuke Yokota▲ Administrative Director Yukihiro Hattori○ Administrative Director Shin’ichiro Matsuoka Director of General Affairs Division Fumio Izawa Director of Accounting Division General Affairs Division Yasukazu Kawai Senior Specialist

General Affairs Section Toshiaki Hiramatsu▲ Section Chief Jun Ohkubo○ Section Chief Midori Hayase

Research Promotion Section Yuichiro Kajiura Section Chief Hiroko Yamaura Accounting Division Hiroshi Mukai▲* Chief

Accounting Section Mikio Inukai Section Chief Kazuo Nakazawa▲

73

Kenji Kobayashi Shinya Nagata○

Technical Center (Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory) Noriji Toriyama* Section Chief Yasuo Kato* Specialist Kazuo Maruyama Chief Takami Yamada▲ Chief Yuji Ikegami Moshiri Observatory Yasusuke Kojima Yasushi Maruyama Yuka Yamamoto Yoshiyuki Hamaguchi* Tetsuya Kawabata○

Visiting Foreign Staff Name, Title Permanent Affiliation Period of Stay

Buchert, S. Senior Scientist

Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Sweden

January 20, 2007－April 22, 2007

Moen, J. Professor

University of Oslo, Norway March 26, 2007－June 16, 2007

Wanliss, J. Associate Professor

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, U.S.A.

May 28, 2007－August 17, 2007

Shalimov, S. Leading Scientist

Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russia August 15, 2007 － December 14, 2007

Bennett, D. P. Associate Professor

University of Notre Dame, U.S.A. October 2, 2007－December 17, 2007

Koustov, A. V. Professor

University of Saskatchewan, Canada January 8, 2008－April 4, 2008

Visiting Staff Name, Title Permanent Affiliation Period Watanabe, T.

Professor Emeritus Ibaraki University April 1, 2007－March 31, 2008

Hirahara, M. Associate Professor

Rikkyo University April 16, 2007 － August 31, 2007

Hirahara, M. Professor

University of Tokyo October 1, 2007 －March 31, 2008

Kawahara, T. Associate Professor

Shinshu University June 1, 2007－March 31, 2008

74

Researcher (Postdoctoral Fellows) Name Period

Inoue, S. April 1, 2006－March 31, 2008

Koizumi, Y. From August 1, 2006

Yamamoto, T. From April 1, 2008

Researcher Name Period

Narukawa, M. April 1, 2005－April 30, 2007

Hori, T. From April 1, 2007

Arvelius, S. June 1, 2007－May 31, 2008

Minoshima, T. From April 1, 2008

Amano, T. From April 1, 2008

Hiraki, Y. From April 1, 2008

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Research Fellowship for Young Scientist Name Period

Tsugawa, T. April 1, 2005－November 20, 2007

Yokoyama, T. April 1, 2005－March 31, 2008

Shinbori, A. April 1, 2006－March 31, 2009

Enami, S. April 1, 2007－March 31, 2010

Kurihara, J. April 1, 2007－March 31, 2010

Menjo, H. April 1, 2007－March 31, 2009

Matsumoto, Y. April 1, 2008－March 31, 2011

Fujimoto, K. April 1, 2008－March 31, 2010

Nakajima, A. April 1, 2008－March 31, 2010

Sakaguchi, K. April 1, 2008－March 31, 2010

Iwasaki, E. April 1, 2008－March 31, 2010

Tanaka, T. April 1, 2008－March 31, 2010

JSPS Postdoctoral Fellowship for Foreign Researchers Name Period

Pearce, J. K. (U.K.) September 4, 2007－September 3, 2009

75

5. Management System

The Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory was established to conduct comprehensive research on the solar-terrestrial environment. To accomplish this goal smoothly, the Laboratory has a system of three operating committees. The Advisory Board is to advise the Director on the overall management of the Laboratory matters and future plans. The Laboratory refers issues on cooperative research to the Cooperative Committee, and technical details are considered by the Technical Committee which has representatives from each of the Research Divisions.

Committee System Cooperative In-House Committee Engineering Committee Budget Committee Publication Committee Computer Committee Education Committee Library Committee Facility Maintenance Committee Public Relations and Outreach Committee Other Institute Committees Technical Committee of Atmospheric Environment

Technical Committee of Ionospheric and Magnetospheric Environment

Technical Committee of Heliospheric Environment

Technical Committee of Integrated Studies

Planning and Promoting Committee of Observations

Director

Advisory Board

Deputy Director

Faculty Meeting

Cooperative Committee

Steering Committee ofGeospace Research Center

76

Advisory Board The Advisory Board for the 2007 academic year is as follows:

T. Ono Professor, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University

T. Sakurai Deputy Director, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan Y. Sasano Director, Center for Global Environmental Research, National

Institute for Environmental Studies N. Sato Deputy Director, National Institute of Polar Research Y. Suzuki Director, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of

Tokyo T. Tsuda Deputy Director, Research Institute for Sustainable

Humanosphere, Kyoto University T. Terasawa Professor, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo

Institute of Technology

K. Yumoto Director, Space Environment Research Center, Kyushu University

T. Kawai Professor, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University

A. Kono Professor, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University

S. Sato Professor, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University R. Fujii Director, Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory,

Nagoya University Y. Matsumi Professor, Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory,

Nagoya University

T. Ogawa Professor, Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University

M. Kojima Professor, Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University

Y. Itow Professor, Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University

T. Kikuchi Professor, Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University

T. Ogino Professor, Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University

77

6. Collaborative Research Activities

Collaborative Research Program One of the major functions of the Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory is to promote and conduct collaborative research on Solar-Terrestrial Science with scientists from universities and institutes outside the Laboratory. These research programs are carried out using laboratory instruments, software/databases and facilities. The Laboratory’s contact persons are indicated below: Instruments Contact Person

Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometer for Atmospheric T. Nagahama Composition Measurements (Moshiri and Rikubetsu)

Visible Wavelength Spectrometer for Atmospheric Composition T. Nagahama Measurements (Moshiri and Rikubetsu)

Raman Lidar (Nagoya) Y. Matsumi Heterogeneous Atmospheric Reaction Analysing System Y. Matsumi

(Nagoya) Instrument for Stable Isotope Ratios of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Y. Matsumi

Using a Mid-IR Laser Absorption Apectroscopy Technique (Nagoya) Instrument for Atmospheric Nitrogen Oxide and Ozone Y. Matsumi

Concentrations (Nagoya) Optical Mesosphere Thermosphere Imagers (Toyokawa) K. Shiokawa The UHF (327 MHz) Antenna for Interplanetary Scintillation M. Kojima

Observations (Fuji and Kiso) Solar Neutron Telescope (Norikura Observatory, Institute for Y. Matsubara

Cosmic Ray Research, the University of Tokyo) GEDAS (Geospace Environment Data Analysis System) S. Masuda

Multi-Directional Cosmic Ray Muon Telescope (Nagoya) F. Abe Three-Dimensional Image Processing System (Nagoya) T. Ogino SuperDARN Hokkaido Radar N. Nishitani

Software / Database Contact Person

Atmospheric Composition Data by FT-IR Measurements T. Nagahama (Moshiri and Rikubetsu)

NO2 and O3 Data by Visible Wavelength Spectrometer T. Nagahama Measurements (Moshiri and Rikubetsu)

EISCAT Database (Longyearbyen, Tromsø, Kiruna, and R. Fujii Sondakylä) S. Nozawa

All-Sky Auroral Data (Canada, Alaska, and Siberia) K. Shiokawa Coordinated Magnetic Data Along 210° Magnetic Meridian K. Shiokawa

(Moshiri, Rikubetsu, Kagoshima, and Overseas MM Stations)

78

Database of the Optical Mesosphere Thermosphere Imagers T. Ogawa K. Shiokawa

Imaging Riometer Data (Ny-Ålesund and Brazil) T. Ogawa VLF/LF Wave Data (Moshiri and Kagoshima) T. Ogawa SuperDARN Hokkaido Radar Data N. Nishitani Interplanetary Scintillation Data M. Kojima Solar Wind Speed Data M. Kojima Cosmic Ray Intensity Database F. Abe Algorithm for Modeling of Ionospheric Electric Fields and Currents A. Ieda Solar Flare Database S. Masuda Magnetospheric Environment Database (FAST Satellite) K. Seki MHD Simulation on the Magnetospheric Environment T. Ogino MOA Database F. Abe

Facilities Contact Person Computer System (Composite Workstation System) T. Ogino F. Abe Facilities at Moshiri Observatory Y. Matsumi Facilities at Rikubetsu Observatory A. Mizuno Facilities at Kiso Station M. Kojima Facilities at Fuji Observatory M. Kojima Facilities at Kagoshima Observatory T. Ogawa

Symposia / Workshops

The Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory sponsors topical symposia/workshops to provide a forum for stimulating discussions on Solar-Terrestrial Science. Each year proposals for conducting such symposia are called for. The following meetings have been approved by the Cooperative Committee, and held in academic year 2007:

Title, Convener Location Date

Education Program of Basic Solar-Terrestrial Physics, H. Nakai

Chiba May 19, 2007

SuperDARN Workshop 2007, T. Ogawa Abashiri June 4－8, 2007

Education Program of Basic Solar-Terrestrial Physics, H. Nakai

Tokyo July 23－24, 2007

Symposium on the Present and Future of the Solar-Terrestrial Environment Researches, I. Murata

Fukuoka August 27－29, 2007

Study Group for Realizing a Geomagnetic Storm Simulator, A. Yoshikawa

Osaka September 10－11, 2007

STE Simulation Workshop: Space Environment Research, M. Nakamura

Osaka September 11－12, 2007

STE Events Report and Analysis Workshop, T, Tanaka Koganei September 14, 2007

Education Program of Basic Solar-Terrestrial Physics, H. Nakai

Nagoya September 29, 2007

79

Workshop on Information Science of Solar-Terrestrial System, T. Murata

Kanazawa October 11－12, 2007

Workshop for Data Collection and Release in the Geosciences, M. Nose

Kanazawa October 11－12, 2007

International CAWSES symposium, T. Tsuda Kyoto October 23－27, 2007

Toyokawa IPS Workshop Toyokawa October 30－31, 2007

Symposium on the Mesosphere, Thermosphere, and Ionosphere, H. Fujiwara

Koganei November 13－14, 2007

Symposium on the Ionospheric Effects, A, Saito Koganei November 14－15, 2007

Plasma Convection in the Magnetosphere-IonosphereComplex System, K. Hashimoto

Okayama November 26－27, 2007

Symposium on Atmospheric Chemistry, H. Kanzawa Nagoya November 27－29, 2007

Future Research on Global Atmospheric Chemistry, M. Koike Nagoya November 29, 2007

International Heliophysical Year Planning Meeting, K. Yumoto Tokyo December 21, 2007

ERG Workshop, T. Ono Inuyama December 25－26, 2007

GEMSIS workshop: The first step to realize the geospace environment modeling, S. Masuda

Inuyama December 26－28, 2007

WDC Meeting, T. Watanabe Tokyo January 11, 2008

Symposium for Coordinated Reimei-Ground-Based Observation, K. Sakanoi

Tokyo January 17, 2008

Workshop on MM-Wave and THz Detection Technology, H. Ogawa

Osaka January 24－25, 2008

Future Comparative Planetary Magnetsphere & Ionosphere Studies: －Toward the Future Jovian System Studies－, Y, Kasaba

Tokyo January 28, 2008

Mid-latitude HF radar workshop, N. Nishitani Nagoya January 28, 2008

Symposium on the Heliosphere, T. Nakagawa Nagoya January 28－30, 2008

Origin and Acceleration and Propagation Mechanisms ofCharged Particles in the Interplanetary Space, N, Hasebe

Nagoya January 28－30, 2008

Space Weather and Cosmic Ray Modulation, K. Munakata Nagoya January 28－30, 2008

Third Meeting for the Geospace Environmental Science, H. Kawano

Fukuoka March 5－6, 2008

12th Workshop on Lidar Observation of Atmosphere, C. Nagasawa

Tokyo March 7, 2008

STE Events Report and Analysis Workshop, T. Tanaka Fukuoka March 7, 2008

Reports from Collaborative Research

Proceedings Title Date of Publication

Symposium on the Mesosphere, Thermosphere, and Ionosphere 2004/2005

September, 2007

80

SuperDARN Presentation and Pictures (DVD-ROM) September, 2007

Proc. of 13th Symposium on Atmospheric Chemistry November, 2007

STE Simulation Workshop January, 2008

Proc. of Workshop on Millimeter/Sub-Millimeter Receiver Technique February, 2008

Proc. of the Symposium and Workshop on the Heliosphere March, 2008

Committee on STER

The principal activities of the Committee on Solar-Terrestrial Environmental Research (STER) in Japan are to organize workshops, which promote collaborative work in related research areas. Two workshops were held in the 2007 academic year: Title Date Location

STE Events Report and Analysis Workshop

September 14, 2007 National Institute of Information and Communications Technology

STE Events Report and Analysis Workshop

March 7, 2008 Kyushu University

CAWSES Space Weather Database in Japan

The Scientific Committee on Solar-Terrestrial Physics (SCOSTEP), which carried out the STEP program (1990-1997) and the S-RAMP program (1998-2002), is conducting the Climate And Weather of the Sun-Earth System (CAWSES) program for 2004-2008 in order to understand the short-term (space weather) and long-term (space climate) variability of the integrated solar-terrestrial environment, and its societal applications. In 2007, the CAWSES Space Weather Database in Japan was continuously updated to provide the infrastructure for the CAWSES program, and to promote international collaborative research by making Japanese databases collected during the CAWSES periods available.

81

7. International Relations

Academic Exchange Because of the nature of Solar-Terrestrial Science, it is essential that the Laboratory put international cooperative research programs forward. The total number of signed agreements is 19 as of April, 2008. The essence of the Agreement for Academic Exchange program is to promote international collaboration in observations, data analyses, and theoretical studies; exchange of researchers including graduate students; and exchange of information on research projects, planning, and publications.

Institution Country Establishment

Indonesian National Institute of Aeronautics and Space Indonesia May 31, 1988

National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research New Zealand July 26, 1989

Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks U.S.A. July 16, 1990

Department of Physics, University of Oslo Norway November 23, 1990

Chacaltaya Cosmic Ray Observatory, Faculty of Sciences,Universidad Mayor de San Andres, La Paz

Bolivia February 20, 1992

Centre for Geophysical Research, University of Auckland New Zealand December 7, 1992

Space Environment Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

U.S.A. December 15, 1992

National Geophysical Data Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

U.S.A. January 5, 1993

Swedish Institute of Space Physics Sweden March 25, 1993

Faculty of Science, University of Tromsø Norway October 8, 1993

Department of Geophysics, Finnish Meteorological Institute Finland October 21, 1994

Haystack Observatory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology U.S.A. October 24, 1994

Yerevan Physics Institute Armenia October 18, 1996

National Institute for Space Research Brazil March 5, 1997

Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences, University of California at San Diego

U.S.A. December 22, 1997

Faculty of Science, University of Canterbury New Zealand July 30, 1998

Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences

China February 20, 2001

Polar Research Institute of China China November 11, 2005

Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Radiowave Propagation, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Science

Russia April 14, 2007

82

International Collaboration A. Major International Projects

Research Subject Collaborating Country (Countries) or Organization (s)

CAWSES (Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System) SCOSTEP

Study of the Polar Ionosphere and Magnetosphere Using HF Radar Network

U.S.A., U.K., France, South Africa, Australia, Canada, Italy

Space Weather Study of the Solar Wind -Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere Coupling

Korea

B. International Collaborative Projects

Research Subject The Other Party (Parties)

Arctic Ozone Chemistry NIWA; New Zealand

Laboratory Studies on Atmospheric Fate Processes of Hydrofluorocarbons

Ford Research Laboratory; U.S.A.

Laboratory Studies on Elementary Reactions of Atmospheric Minor Constituents

University of Bristol; U.K.

Application of the Cavity Ring Down (CRD) Spectroscopy to Atmospheric Measurements

Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks; U.S.A.

Studies of Important Chemical Reactions in the Troposphere and Stratosphere

The Australian National University; Australia

Study of Chemical Reaction Dynamics in the Upper Atmosphere

Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; U.S.A.

Observational Study of Atmospheric Minor Molecules in Atacama, Chile

University of Chile; Chile

Magnetic Conjugate Observations of Midlatitude Thermospheric Disturbances

IPS Radio and Space Service; Australia

Variation of the Thermosphere and Ionosphere owing to the Energy of Atmospheric Waves

LAPAN; Indonesia

High-Sensitive Imaging Measurements of Airglow and Aurora in the Canadian Arctic

University of California; U.S.A. University of Calgary; Canada

Global Observation of Airglow Rotational Temperature in the Mesopause Region

INPE; Brazil

Study of the Polar Upper Atmosphere Using the EISCAT Radars and Other Instruments

University of Tromsø; Norway EISCAT Scientific Association

Collaborative Study Using the EISCAT Radars EISCAT Scientific Association

Observations of Interplanetary Disturbances Using the International IPS Network

EISCAT Group; U.K. Tata Institute of Fundamental Research; India National Centre for Radio Astrophysics; Mexico

Study of 3-D Solar Wind Structure and Dynamics Using Heliospheric Tomography

UCSD/CASS; U.S.A.

A Search for Dark Objects Using the Gravitational Microlensing Effect

University of Auckland; New Zealand University of Canterbury; New Zealand

83

Victoria University of Wellington; New Zealand Massey University; New Zealand University of Notre Dame; U.S.A.

Study of Solar Neutrons Research Institute of Physics, University of San Andres; Bolivia Yerevan Physics Institute; Armenia Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; China University of Bern; Switzerland University of Hawaii; U.S.A. National Autonomous University of Mexico;

Mexico

Study in Interaction of Very High Energy Cosmic Rays by Using Large Hadron Collider

University of Florence; Italy Catania University; Italy École Polytechnique; France CERN; Switzerland University of Valencia; Spain Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National

Laboratory; U.S.A.

Study in Cosmic Neutrinos by Using a Large Water Cherenkov Detector

Boston University; U.S.A. Brookhaven National Laboratory; U.S.A. UCI; U.S.A. Duke University; U.S.A. George Mason University; U.S.A. University of Hawaii; U.S.A. Indiana University; U.S.A. Los Alamos National Laboratory; U.S.A. University of Maryland; U.S.A. State University of New York; U.S.A. University of Washington; U.S.A. Chonnam National University; Korea Seoul National University; Korea Sungkyunkwan University; Korea Tsinghua University; China University of Warsaw; Poland

Modeling of Solar Wind-Magnetosphere Coupling UCLA/IGPP; U.S.A.

84

Visitors

Short-Term Visitors (April 2007－March 2008) Name Permanent Affiliation Country/Region Rinne, Y. University of Oslo Norway Sandahl, I. Swedish Institute for Space Physics Sweden Kim, K.-H. Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute Korea Lester, M. and 43

people, SuperDARN Hokkaido HF radar visitor group

University of Leicester and 20 affiliations

U.K. (8) U.S.A. (9) Australia (7) Canada (5) South Africa (3) France (2) Italy (2) Russia (2) Sweden (2) Taiwan (2) China (1) Norway (1)

Ashfold, M. University of Bristol U.K. Walker, R. UCLA/IGPP U.S.A. Jackson,B. UCSD U.S.A. Bisi, M. UCSD U.S.A. Jensen, E. UCSD U.S.A. Clover, J. UCSD U.S.A. Webb, D. University of Boston U.S.A. Ruzmaikin, A. Jet Propulsion Laboratory U.S.A. Vourlidas, A. Naval Research Laboratory U.S.A. Oberoi, D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology U.S.A. Bird, M. University of Bonn Germany Breen, A. University of Wales U.K. Manoharan, P. Tata Institute of Fundamental Research India Gonzalez, A. National Autonomous University of Mexico Mexico Chashei, I. Lebedev Phys. Inst. Russia Han, C. Chungbuk National University Korea Sydora, R. University of Alberta Canada Bond, I. Massey University New Zealand Ward, W. University of New Brunswick Canada

Seminars by Visitors Name Institution Country Date Buchert, S. Swedish Institute of Space Physics Sweden April 16, 2007 Moen, J. University of Oslo Norway April 23, 2007 Sandahl, I. Swedish Institute for Space Physics Sweden May 7, 2007 Kim, K.-H. Korea Astronomy and Space Science

Institute Korea May 11, 2007

Lunde, J. University of Tromsø Norway June 5, 2007 Wanliss, J. Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University U.S.A. June 15, 2007

85

Wanliss, J. Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University U.S.A. August 8, 2007 Ashfold, M. University of Bristol U.K. September 17, 2007 Walker, R. UCLA/IGPP U.S.A. October 19, 2007 Shalimov, S. Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russia

Academy of Science Russia November 2, 2007

Bennett, D. P. University of Notre Dame U.S.A. November 6, 2007 Bennett, D. P. University of Notre Dame U.S.A. December 7, 2007 Han, C. Chungbuk National University Korea December 13, 2007 Sydora, R. University of Alberta Canada January 28, 2008 Koustov, A.V. University of Saskatchewan Canada February 1, 2008 Ward, W. University of New Brunswick Canada March 3, 2008

[Abbreviations]

CASS: Center for Astrophysics & Space Sciences CERN: Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire EISCAT: European Incoherent Scatter Radar IGPP: Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics INPE: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais IPS: Ionospheric Prediction Service LAPAN: Lembaga Panerbangan Dan Antariska Nasional NIWA: National Institute of Water and Atmosphere SCOSTEP: Scientific Committee on Solar Terrestrial Physics UCI: University of California, Irvine UCLA: University of California, Los Angeles UCSD: University of California, San Diego

86

8. Education

Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory offers primarily graduate programs, but also provides opportunities for both undergraduate and postdoctoral experience. The members of the academic staff offer graduate and undergraduate courses.

Graduate Programs

The Laboratory has a graduate course program for Solar-Terrestrial Science, as part of the Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University. It also cooperates with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Graduate School of Engineering, in teaching/training graduate students in related disciplines of Solar-Terrestrial Science. Graduates are enrolled in Doctoral (D) programs. Academic members are responsible for guiding the progress of the students’ thesis work. They also offer the teaching of core and topical courses.

The Number of Graduate Students Since 2003

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 M1 16 8 18 10 12 7 M2 13 16 10 18 10 12 D1 5 2 6 2 7 4 D2 3 5 1 6 2 6

Graduate School of Science

D3 4 6 6 2 6 6 Total 41 37 41 38 37 35

M1 3 4 1 1 3 6 M2 2 3 4 1 1 3 D1 0 2 0 0 0 0 D2 0 0 2 0 0 0

Graduate School of Engineering

D3 0 0 0 2 0 0 Total 5 9 7 4 4 9 Foreign Research Fellow 0 0 0 1 1 0 Domestic Research Fellow 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 46 46 48 43 42 44

87

Graduate School of Science Field/Topics Faculty Members Solar-Terrestrial Chemistry Y. Matsumi, Professor A. Mizuno, Professor T. Nakayama, Assistant Professor Solar-Terrestrial Relationships R. Fujii, Professor T. Kikuchi, Professor K. Seki, Associate Professor S. Masuda, Associate Professor S. Nozawa, Associate Professor K. Shiokawa, Associate Professor A. Ieda, Assistant Professor S. Oyama, Assistant Professor Solar-Terrestrial Physics M. Kojima, Professor Y. Itow, Professor Y. Matsubara, Associate Professor F. Abe, Associate Professor K. Masuda, Associate Professor M. Tokumaru, Associate Professor T. Sako, Assistant Professor K. Fujiki, Assistant Professor T. Sumi, Assistant Professor

Graduate School of Engineering Field/Topics Faculty Members Space Electromagnetic Environment T. Ogino, Professor (Space Information Technology) T. Nagahama, Associate Professor H. Maezawa, Assistant Professor T. Umeda, Assistant Professor Space Electromagnetic Environment T. Ogawa, Professor (Space Observations) N. Nishitani, Associate Professor Y. Otsuka, Assistant Professor Y. Miyoshi, Assistant Professor

Undergraduate Education

Based on demand, the faculty of the Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory offers numerous undergraduate courses in the School of Science, the School of Engineering, and in other departments and at other universities in the adjacent area. During the 2007 academic year, the following courses were offered: • Astrophysics and Space Science • Experimental Physics • Physics Experiments • Introduction to Physics • Astrophysics and Space Physics ･ Solar-Terrestrial Science

88

• Electromagnetic Wave Engineering • Electric Circuit with Exercise • Electromagnetic Theory with Exercises • Mathematics for Electrical and Electronic Engineering with Exercises

89

9. Research-Related Activities

Several facilities, including a computer network, are available to facilitate research on the solar-terrestrial environment.

Computer / Network

The Toyokawa network, which was upgraded from 15 Mbps to 300 Mbps in May 2005, was downgraded to 100 Mbps in May 2006 following the STEL movement from Toyokawa to Higashiyama. The high bandwidth enabled users to engage in high-speed data exchanges between Higashiyama and Toyokawa. The STE computer system was upgraded in December 2005. The computer system consists of a large RAID system, cluster computers, and Sun workstations. As STEL recently moved from Toyokawa to Higashiyama, most of the computers were installed in Higashiyama. These computers and the network are successively used for data analysis, database generation, and communications. The video teleconferencing system, which uses a TCP/IP internet connection, was introduced in 2004, and used for remote teleconferencing and lecturing between Toyokawa and Higashiyama. In an effort to upgrade the “Gigabit Network” program for 2000-2003, we joined the JGN2 project of the National Institute of Information and communications Technology (NICT) in cooperation with Kyoto University, Ehime University, Kyusyu University, and NICT. The JGN2 project is a five-year program (2004-2008) of high speed computer network available in Higashiyama from the 2006 fiscal year. The research title of the project is “Common Usage of Geospace Environment Information Using High Speed Networks” and it is aimed at applying high speed networks to geospace study throughout 2007.

The STEL computer system upgraded in 2007 and its network configuration.

ADSL

Observatories (Moshiri, Rikubetsu, Fuji, and Kagoshima)

STEL headquarters Cosmic ray buildings

Information Technology Center

100 Mbps

Toyokawa campus

Higashiyama campus

90

10. Public Service

Exploration into the Solar-Terrestrial Environment

In fiscal 2007, we opened the exploration course on intellect, Exploration into Solar-Terrestrial Environment, to high school students who study in the Aichi Prefecture. This is one of the “Exploration courses on intellect” held to promote the undertaking of exploration courses with respect to intellect and technique by Aichi Prefectural Board of Education. For the exploration courses on intellect in fiscal 2007, Nagoya University, Aichi University of Education, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Aichi Prefectural University, and Toyota Technological Institute contributed, each opening a separate course. The opening ceremony of the exploration courses on intellect and technique was held on July 30, 2007, and Dr. S. Nozawa of STEL gave a special seminar entitled “Science of Aurora”. Fourteen high school students attended our course, Exploration into Solar-Terrestrial Environment. The aim of the exploration course on intellect for high school students is not just to experience University lectures but also to experience the world of cutting-edge research during the practical activities and experiments in the course. The course was maintained by staff and graduate students at STEL. Titles and content of the 9 day course are as follows: August 6, 2007: Introduction to Solar-Terrestrial Environment research. Four lecturers spoke, and high school students and members of STEL engaged in free discussion. August 7, 2007: Cosmic high energy particles, cosmic rays. Two lecturers spoke, and 20 year solar-geophysical data were investigated to derive the large solar flare occurrence periodicity. Students also experienced cosmic rays visually using a cloud chamber and a spark chamber.

A lecture held during the exploration course on intellect.

91

August 8, 2007: Solar wind radio study. The antenna structure of the Solar Wind Imaging facility was exhibited. After talks by two lecturers, students attempted to receive radio broadcasts by making resonant and detection circuits. August 9, 2007: Study of the relationship between solar explosions and auroras. Practical activities were undertaken after four lectures. The main practical activity was to estimate the propagation velocity of the CME (Coronal Mass Ejection) and its propagation time to the Earth for CME-SC (Sudden Commencement) events. Students confirmed their calculations by examining data available on the Internet. August 10, 2007: Solar-Terrestrial Environment computer simulation and Virtual Reality system. One lecture and two parallel practical activities were held. One activity involved the analysis of data from the SuperDARN HF radar at Rikubetsu, Hokkaido, and the other involved experiencing virtual reality, seeing inside a personal computer, and attempting simple programming. September 15, 2007: Atmospheric studies using radio waves and optical light. After one lecture, three groups of students designed Fresnel antenna and tried to receive Broadcasting Satellite (BS) broadcasting. All the groups succeeded in receiving BS broadcasting. October 20, 2007: Earth environment and atmospheric chemistry experiments. After one lecture and demonstrations, students tried four different experiments. These four experiments were: light wavelength and optical absorption, infrared absorption of global warming gases, an experiment on photochemical smog, and a diffraction experiment using a handmade spectrometer. November 10, 2007: Upper atmosphere studies. Three practical activities followed two lectures. One involved the study of height profile of the electron density by analyzing EISCAT-radar data, the second involved the study of light transmission using optical filters, and the third was calculation of the electron speed in the ionosphere using ground magnetometer data. November 18, 2007: Geomagnetic field measurements. After a one-hour lecture, students measured variations in the magnetic field at four different places outside the institute building using 4 fluxgate magnetometers, and discussed the causes of the variations they measured. The high school students experienced many things during the course but, generally, the students were stimulated by experiments and practical activities that are seldom available at high schools. At the end of the course, on December 27, 2007, the students made presentations relating to what they had studied with regard to the solar-terrestrial environment. Their presentations were well-prepared and much better than we had expected of high school students. We hope that this course has stimulated the intellectual curiosity of these high school students.

Open House

The Open House of Geospace Research Center and Cosmic-Ray Group Laboratory were held during the Nagoya university Festival 2007. The following lecture and exhibits ware presented. June 8, 2007, Geospace Research Center:

Exhibits: Experience of 3-Dimensional Visualization, “Computer Simulation of Solar-Terrestrial Environment and Virtual Reality”

92

June 10, 2007, Cosmic-Ray Group Laboratory: Lecture: Cosmic Ray and Global Environment Exhibits: Cosmic Ray Experiments Using a Spark Chamber and Cloud Chamber/ Cosmic Ray Telescope/Radiocarbon System

Outreach Activities

In the 2002 fiscal year, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) embarked on a program to support outreach activities at selected national universities. The purpose of this comprehensive program was to promote a two-way partnership between universities and local governments and communities. STEL’s proposal was accepted for fiscal years 2003 and 2004. This program was incorporated in 2005 into one of the president’s budget programs at Nagoya University. Under this new arrangement, STEL has continued to carry out public outreach programs in conjunction with Toyokawa City, Aichi Prefecture, and Rikubetsu Town, Hokkaido, where the STEL’s branch and one of its observatories are located, respectively. The purpose of STEL’s outreach activities is to “return” the results of our research to local communities in accordance with their special needs. By convening scientific meetings, delivering lectures at local schools, and publishing educational booklets, we are providing opportunities for local residents of all ages to gain access to cutting-edge science, particularly in the field of Sun-Earth relationships. Activities in fiscal 2007 Lecture and classes: Public lecture by Dr. J. Phillips, NASA astronaut, on “Staying in

Space for Six Months” (Rikubetsu) Special classes by Professor S. Shalimov at elementary and junior

high schools in Rikubetsu Booklets in English: “What are the Polar Regions?!”

“What is the Upper Atmosphere?!” (The English versions were published jointly with CAWSES and SCOSTEP.)

93

11. Facilities

Library

The laboratory library provides substantial coverage of space physics and geophysics as well as basic physics, chemistry, and mathematics. The present collection contains 12,574 books, supplemented by data reports and preprints. The Library has subscriptions to 163 journals from around the world. Books Journals Japanese Foreign Japanese Foreign

2,593 9,981 32 131

Properties

Site (m2) Building (m2) Location Higashiyama Campus

(Main campus of Nagoya University) ─ 3,916 Nagoya

Toyokawa Campus 187,817 7,639 Toyokawa Moshiri Observatory 113,640 378 Hokkaido Rikubetsu Observatory 24,580 130.6 Hokkaido Sugadaira Station 3,300 33 Nagano Kiso Station 6,240 66 Nagano Fuji Observatory 20,162 174 Yamanashi Kagoshima Observatory 13,203 292 Kagoshima Total 368,942 12,628.6