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8/2/2019 2-Learning and Theories of ECE
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EDUC 380 INTRODUCTION TO PRESCHOOL & KINDERGARTEN EDUCATION
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The foundation for all curricula is developmental theory or
beliefs about how children develop and learn. These beliefsguide our view of teaching and supporting children as learner
(Catron & Allen, 2003)
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The Four Major Theories
Psychosocial Theory by Erik Erikson (1902-1994)
Cognitive Development Theory by Jean Piaget (1896-1980)
Sociocultural Theory by Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934)
Multiple Intelligences by Howard Garder
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Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development
Psychosocial Stage 1 - Trust vs. Mistrust
Birth to one year of age and is the most fundamental stage inlife.
Infant is utterly dependent, the development of trust is basedon the dependability and quality of the childs caregivers.
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Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development(Psychosocial Development in Infancy and Early Childhood)
Psychosocial Stage 2 - Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Takes place during early childhood and is focused on childrendeveloping a greater sense of personal control.
Other important events include gaining more control over foodchoices, toy preferences, and clothing selection.
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Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development(Psychosocial Development in Infancy and Early Childhood)
Psychosocial Stage 3 - Initiative vs. Guilt
During the preschool years, children begin to assert their powerand control over the world through directing play and other
social interaction.
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Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development(Psychosocial Development in Infancy and Early Childhood)
Psychosocial Stage 4 - Industry vs. Inferiority
This stage covers the early school years from approximately age5 to 11.
Through social interactions, children begin to develop a sense ofpride in their accomplishments and abilities.
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Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development(Psychosocial Development in Infancy and Early Childhood)
Psychosocial Stage 5 - Identity vs. Confusion
During adolescence, children are exploring their
independence and developing a sense of self.
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Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development(Psychosocial Development in Infancy and Early Childhood)
Psychosocial Stage 6 - Intimacy vs. Isolation
This stage covers the period of early adulthood when people
are exploring personal relationships.
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Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development(Psychosocial Development in Infancy and Early Childhood)
Psychosocial Stage 7 - Generativity vs. Stagnation
During adulthood, we continue to build our lives, focusing on
our career and family.
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Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development(Psychosocial Development in Infancy and Early Childhood)
Psychosocial Stage 8 - Integrity vs. Despair
This phase occurs during old age and is focused on reflecting
back on life.
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Jean Piagets Cognitive
Development Theory
(1) Sensorimotor (0-2 years)
(2) Pre-operational (2-7 years)
(3) Concrete Operational (7-11 years)
(4) Formal Operational (11-16 years)
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Stage 1: The Sensorimotor Period (0-2 years)
Only some basic motor reflexes grasping,sucking, eye movements, orientation to sound,etc.
Object permanence refers to theunderstanding that objects continue to existeven when no longer in view.
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Stage 2: The pre-operational period (2-7 years)
Symbolic thought without operations.
No reversibility Cannot mentally undo a givenaction.
Perceptual centration Focus on only onedimension of a problem.
States versus transformations
Transformations relating different statesignored. 10-8 = 2
? 8 = 2
10-? = 2
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Stage 3: Concrete operational thinking (7-12 years)
Concepts of number, relationships andprocesses
Thinking problem through mentally
Awareness of transformations.
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Stage 4: Formal operations
Moves from concrete manipulations toabstract thinking
Thinking goes beyond experience, moreabstract
Inductive reasoning: Formal operationalchildren will systematically test all possibilitiesbefore arriving at a conclusion
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Lev VygotskysSociocultural Theory
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Sociocultural Theory of Development
Culture
Development
LanguageSocialInteraction
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Sociocultural Theory of
Development
Culture: Attitudes, values, customs, and
behavioral patterns that characterize a socialgroup
Culture influences:
What is thought about
Skills to be acquired How to acquire information
The tools and symbols available to facilitatedevelopment and thinking
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Sociocultural Theory of
Development
Languag
e:System of meaning from the
culture that shapes a persons attempt to make
sense of the world
Roles of Language
1. Provide cognitive tool to think about problems2. Allow to regulate and reflect on thinking
3. Enables social interaction
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Sociocultural Theory of
Development
Social Interactions Vygotsky: Complex thinking has its roots in social
interactions
Piaget:Complex thinking is the result of private explorations
Vygotsky: Learning new skills results from guidance by a
more skilled person who structures the childs learning
process
Piaget: Learning is supported by interactions with peers
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Musical Intelligence0 Ability to perform and
comprehend musically seems to
work independently from other
forms of intelligence
0 Learn through songs, patterns,
rhythms, instruments and
musical expression
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Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence
0Possess a certain control
over movement, balance,
agility, and grace, even
before formal training
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Logical-Mathematical
Intelligence
0 Ability to mentally process
logical problems (Can you domath in your headfast?)
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Linguistic Intelligence0 Ability to construct an
comprehend language
0 Learn by speaking, writing,
reading, listening
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Spatial Intelligence0 Comprehend shapes and images
in three dimensions (puzzles,
sculptures, navigation)
0 Learn by visually organizing
(charts, graphs, maps, tables,
illustrations, costumes)
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Interpersonal Intelligence0 Ability to interact with
others, understand them,interpret their behavior
0People-oriented, outgoing,learn in groups,cooperatively.
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Intrapersonal Intelligence0 Leads to strong self-esteem, self-
enhancement, and strength ofcharacter to solve internalproblems
He is in touch with his feelings
he wants it NOW!
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Naturalist Intelligence0 Ability to identify and
classify patterns in nature
0 Learn in the context of
outdoors, animals, fieldtrips.
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Existentialist0Ask, Why are we here?
What is our role in theworld?
0Fits into the discipline ofphilosophy.
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http://literacyworks.org/mi/assessment/findyourstrengths.html
0 Find Out your Intelligences
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