2. Management Router

8/13/2019 2. Management Router

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2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 1

Cisco Confidential 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 1

Module 2:Managing Router


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1. Switching2. Forwarding


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RouterX#sh flash-#- --length-- -----date/time------ path1 14951648 Feb 22 2007 21:38:56 +00:00 c2800nm-ipbase-mz.124-5a.bin2 1823 Dec 14 2006 08:24:54 +00:00 sdmconfig-2811.cfg3 4734464 Dec 14 2006 08:25:24 +00:00 sdm.tar4 833024 Dec 14 2006 08:25:38 +00:00 es.tar5 1052160 Dec 14 2006 08:25:54 +00:00 common.tar6 1038 Dec 14 2006 08:26:08 +00:00 home.shtml7 102400 Dec 14 2006 08:26:22 +00:00 home.tar8 491213 Dec 14 2006 08:26:40 +00:00 128MB.sdf

41836544 bytes available (22179840 bytes used)


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RouterX#copy flash tftp:Source filename []? c2800nm-ipbase-mz.124-5a.binAddress or name of remote host []? 10.1.1.1Destination filename [c2800nm-ipbase-mz.124-5a.bin]!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!12094416 bytes copied in 98.858 secs (122341 bytes/sec)RouterX#


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RouterX#copy tftp flash:Address or name of remote host [10.1.1.1]?Source filename []? c2800nm-ipbase-mz.124-5a.binDestination filename [c2800nm-ipbase-mz.124-5a.bin]Accessing tftp://10.1.1.1/c2600-js-mz.122-21a.bin...Erase flash: before copying? [confirm]Erasing the flash filesystem will remove all files! Continue? [confirm]Erasing device... eeeeeeeeee (output omitted) ...erased

Erase of flash: completeLoading c2800nm-ipbase-mz.124-5a.bin from 10.1.1.1 (via Ethernet0/0): !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!(output omited)[OK - 12094416 bytes]Verifying checksum... OK (0x45E2)12094416 bytes copied in 120.465 secs (100398 bytes/sec)RouterX#


7/81 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 7

NVRAM

Terminal

TFTP server

Erase start


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Cisco Discovery Protocol is a proprietary utility that provides a summaryof directly connected switches, routers, and other Cisco devices.

Cisco Discovery Protocol discovers neighboring devices, regardless of

which protocol suite they are running.Physical media must support the SNAP encapsulation.



Cisco Discovery Protocol runs on Cisco IOSdevices.

Summary information includes:

Device identifiers

Address list

Port identifier

Capabilities list

Platform



RouterA#show cdp neighborsCapability Codes: R - Router, T - Trans Bridge, B - Source Route Bridge

S - Switch, H - Host, I - IGMP, r - Repeater

Device ID Local Intrfce Holdtme Capability Platform Port IDSwitchA fa0/0 122 S I WS-C2960- fa0/2RouterB s0/0/0 177 R S I 2811 s0/0/1



Device ID: RouterBEntry address(es):

IP address: 10.1.1.2Platform: Cisco 2811, Capabilities: Router Switch IGMPInterface: Serial0/0/0, Port ID (outgoing port): Serial0/0/1Holdtime : 155 sec

Version :Cisco IOS Software, 2800 Software (C2800NM-ADVIPSERVICESK9-M), Version12.4(12), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)Technical Support: http://www.cisco.com/techsupportCopyright (c) 1986-2006 by Cisco Systems, Inc.Compiled Fri 17-Nov-06 12:02 by prod_rel_team



There are several ways to access the CLI environment. The most usualmethods are: Console Telnet or SSH AUX port


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BKN ISP

Console Console

LAN/Ethernet

LAN/Ethernet

10.22.66.1 255.255.255.0

10.22.66.194 255.255.255.0

192.168.1.1 255.255.255.252

192.168.1.2 255.255.255.252

172.16.16.1 255.255.255.0

172.16.16.5 255.255.255.0

Fa0/0 Fa0/0 S0/0 S0/0 DTE DCE


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Command/Perintah Keterangan Router BKN

Router> User Mode Router>enable Masuk ke Priviledge Mode

Router#config t Masuk ke configuration terminal

Router(config)#hostname BKN Memberikan Nama Router

BKN(config)#enable password cisco Mengaktifkan password cisco

BKN(config)#enable secret ccna Mengoverride enable password

BKN(config)#service password-encryption Mengenkripsi semua password

BKN(config)#interface Fastethernet 0/0 Masuk ke Interface Fastethetnet 0/0

BKN(config-if)#description To-LAN Memberi keterangan pada fastethernet 0/0

BKN(config-if)#ip add 10.22.66.1 255.255.255.0 Menset alamat IP di fastethernet 0/0

BKN(config)#interface Serial 0/0 Masuk ke Interface Serial 0/0

BKN(config-if)#description To-WAN Memberi keterangan pada Serial 0/0

BKN(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.252 Menset alamat IP di Serial 0/0

BKN(config-if)#exit

Keluar ke Global Config BKN(config)#line vty 0 4 Membuat 5 session Telnet

BKN(config-line)#password siswa Menset Password Telnet

BKN(config-line)#login Login

BKN(config-line)#exit Keluar ke Global Config

BKN(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 S0/0 Routing ke arah LAN Router ISP


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ISP

Router> User Mode

Router>enable Masuk ke Priviledge Mode Router#config t Masuk ke configuration terminal

Router(config)#hostname ISP Memberikan Nama Router

ISP(config)#enable password cisco Mengaktifkan password cisco

ISP(config)#enable secret ccna Mengoverride enable password

ISP(config)#service password-encryption Mengenkripsi semua password

ISP(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0 Masuk ke Interface Fastethernet 0/0

ISP(config-if)#description To-LAN Memberi keterangan pada Fastethernet 0/0

ISP(config-if)#ip add 172.16.16.1 255.255.255.0 Menset alamat IP di Fastethernet 0/0

ISP(config)#interface Serial 0/0 Masuk ke Interface Serial 0/0

ISP(config-if)#description To-WAN Memberi keterangan pada Serial 0/0

ISP(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.252 Menset alamat IP di Serial 0/0

ISP(config-if)#clock rate 64000 Menset Kecepatan Link u/ DCE

ISP(config-if)#exit Keluar ke Global Config ISP(config)#line vty 0 4 Membuat 5 session Telnet

ISP(config-line)#password siswa Menset Password Telnet

ISP(config-line)#login Login

BKN(config-line)#exit Keluar ke Global Config

BKN(config)#ip route 10.22.66.0 255.255.255.0 S0 Routing ke arah LAN Router BKN


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2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 26Cisco Confidential 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 26


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A router needs to do the following:Know the destination address.Identify the sources from which the router can learn.

Discover possible routes to the intended destination.

Select the best route.

Maintain and verify routing information.


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Routers must learn destinations that are not directly connected.


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Configure unidirectional static routes to and from a stub network toallow communications to occur.


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Defines a path to an IP destination network or subnet or host

Address = IP address of the next hop router

Interface = outbound interface of the local router

RouterX(config)# ip route network [ mask ]{ address | interface }[ distance ] [permanent]


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This is a unidirectional route. You must have a route configured in theopposite direction.

RouterX(config)# ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.2.1

Router(config)#ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/0or


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This route allows the stub network to reach all known networks beyondRouter A.


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RouterX# show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter areaE1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGPi - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate defaultU - per-user static route

Gateway of last resort is 0.0.0.0 to network 0.0.0.0

10.0.0.0/8 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0S* 0.0.0.0/0 is directly connected, Serial0


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Routing protocols are used between routers to determine paths to

remote networks and maintain those networks in the routing tables. After the path is determined, a router can route a routed protocol tothe learned networks.


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An autonomous system is a collection of networks withina common administrative domain.

Interior gateway protocols operate within an autonomous system.

Exterior gateway protocols connect different autonomous systems.


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Routers pass periodic copies of their routing table toneighboring routers and accumulate distance vectors.


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Benefits of link-state routing:Fast convergence: Changes are reported immediately by the affected source

Robustness against routing loops: Routers know the topology Link-state packets are sequenced and acknowledged

Hierarchical network design enables optimization of resources.

Drawbacks of link-state routing:Significant demands for resources:

Memory (three tables: adjacency, topology, forwarding)

CPU ( Dijkstras algorithm can be intensive, especially when there aremany instabilities)

Requires very strict network designConfiguration can be complex when tuning various parameters andwhen design is complex


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Classful routing protocols do not include the subnet mask with the routeadvertisement.

Within the same network, consistency of the subnet masks is assumed.

Summary routes are exchanged between foreign networks.

These are examples of classful routing protocols:RIPv1

IGRP


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Routers choose the routing source with thebest administrative distance:

OSPF has an administrative distance of 110.EIGRP has an administrative distance of 90.


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Maximum is 16 equal-cost paths (default = 4)

Hop-count metric selects the path

Routes update every 30 seconds


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RIPv1 RIPv2

Routing protocol Classful Classless

Supports variable-length subnet mask? No Yes

Sends the subnet mask along with the routing

update?No Yes

Addressing type Broadcast Multicast

Defined in RFC 1058 RFCs 1721, 1722,and 2453

Supports manual route summarization? No Yes

Authentication support? No Yes


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Routing Protocol is "rip"Sending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 6 seconds

Invalid after 180 seconds, hold down 180, flushed after 240Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not setIncoming update filter list for all interfaces is not setRedistributing: ripDefault version control: send version 2, receive version 2

Interface Send Recv Triggered RIP Key-chainFastEthernet0/0 2 2Serial0/0/2 2 2

Automatic network summarization is in effect

Maximum path: 4Routing for Networks:

10.0.0.0172.16.0.0

Routing Information Sources:Gateway Distance Last Update10.1.1.2 120 00:00:25

Distance: (default is 120)

RouterA#


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RouterA# show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter areaN1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGPi - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate defaultU - per-user static route, o - ODRT - traffic engineered route

Gateway of last resort is not set

172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, fastethernet0/0

10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnetsR 10.2.2.0 [120/1] via 10.1.1.2, 00:00:07, Serial0/0/2C 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0/2R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/2] via 10.1.1.2, 00:00:07, Serial0/0/2


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Flexible network designMulticast and unicast instead of broadcastaddressSupport for VLSM and discontiguous subnetsManual summarization at any point in theinternetworkSupport for multiple network layer protocols

Advanced distance vectorRapid convergence100% loop-free classless routingEasy configurationIncremental updatesLoad balancing across equal-and unequal-cost pathways


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EIGRP has 5 packet type:Hello packetsUpdate packets

Acknowledgement packetsQuery packetsReply packets


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RouterX(config)# router eigrp au tonomous - sys t em

RouterX(config-router)# network network-number


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RouterX# show ip eigrp interfacesDisplays information about interfaces configured for EIGRP

RouterX# show ip protocols

RouterX# show ip route eigrp

Displays the current EIGRP entries in the routing table

Displays the parameters and current state of the active process


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RouterX# show ip eigrp neighbors [detail]

Displays the neighbors discovered by IP EIGRP

RouterX# show ip eigrp neighbors

IP-EIGRP Neighbors for process 77Address Interface Holdtime Uptime Q Seq SRTT RTO

(secs) (h:m:s) Count Num (ms) (ms)172.16.81.28 Ethernet1 13 0:00:41 0 11 4 20172.16.80.28 Ethernet0 14 0:02:01 0 10 12 24172.16.80.31 Ethernet0 12 0:02:02 0 4 5 20


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RouterX# show ip eigrp topology [all]

Displays the IP EIGRP topology tableWithout the [all] parameter, shows successors and feasible successors

RouterX# show ip eigrp topologyIP-EIGRP Topology Table for process 77Codes: P - Passive, A - Active, U - Update, Q - Query, R - Reply,

r - Reply statusP 172.16.90.0 255.255.255.0, 2 successors, FD is 46251776

via 172.16.80.28 (46251776/46226176), Ethernet0via 172.16.81.28 (46251776/46226176), Ethernet1via 172.16.80.31 (46277376/46251776), Serial0

P 172.16.81.0 255.255.255.0, 2 successors, FD is 307200via Connected, Ethernet1via 172.16.81.28 (307200/281600), Ethernet1via 172.16.80.28 (307200/281600), Ethernet0via 172.16.80.31 (332800/307200), Serial0


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DUAL

Purpose of DUALTo prevent routing loops Successor

Primary route to a destination Feasible successor

Backup route to a destination Feasible distance

Lowest calculated metric to a destination Reported distanceThe distance towards a destination as advertised by an upstream

neighbor


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Creates a neighbor relationship by exchanging hello packets

Propagates LSAs rather than routing table updatesLink: Router interface

State: Description of an interface and its relationship to neighboring routers

Floods LSAs to all OSPF routers in the area, not just directly connectedrouters

Pieces together all the LSAs generated by the OSPF routers to createthe OSPF link-state database

Uses the SPF algorithm to calculate the shortest path to each destination

and places it in the routing table


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Minimizes routing table entries

Localizes the impact of a topology change within an area


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Places each router at the root of a tree and calculates theshortest path to each destination based on the cumulative cost

Cost = Reference Bandwidth / Interface Bandwidth (b/s)

10

1

10

1

1


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network address wildcard-mask area area-id

Assigns networks to a specific OSPF area

router ospf process-id

Defines OSPF as the IP routing protocol

RouterX(config)#

RouterX(config-router)#


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Router ID:Number by which the router is known to OSPF

Default: The highest IP address on an active interface at the moment ofOSPF process startup

Can be overridden by a loopback interface: Highest IP address of any activeloopback interface

Can be set manually using the router-id command


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RouterX# show ip protocols

Verifies that OSPF is configured

RouterX# show ip route

Displays all the routes learned by the router

RouterX# show ip route

Codes: I - IGRP derived, R - RIP derived, O - OSPF derived,C - connected, S - static, E - EGP derived, B - BGP derived,E2 - OSPF external type 2 route, N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1 route,N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 route

Gateway of last resort is 10.119.254.240 to network 10.140.0.0

O 10.110.0.0 [110/5] via 10.119.254.6, 0:01:00, Ethernet2O IA 10.67.10.0 [110/10] via 10.119.254.244, 0:02:22, Ethernet2O 10.68.132.0 [110/5] via 10.119.254.6, 0:00:59, Ethernet2O 10.130.0.0 [110/5] via 10.119.254.6, 0:00:59, Ethernet2O E2 10.128.0.0 [170/10] via 10.119.254.244, 0:02:22, Ethernet2. . .


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RouterX# show ip ospfRouting Process "ospf 50" with ID 10.64.0.2

Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssaNumber of areas transit capable is 0External flood list length 0

Area BACKBONE(0) Area BACKBONE(0)

Area has no authenticationSPF algorithm last executed 00:01:25.028 agoSPF algorithm executed 7 times

Displays the OSPF router ID, timers, and statistics

RouterX# show ip ospf


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RouterX# show ip ospf interface ethernet 0

Ethernet 0 is up, line protocol is upInternet Address 192.168.254.202, Mask 255.255.255.0, Area 0.0.0.0

AS 201, Router ID 192.168.99.1, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 10Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State OTHER, Priority 1Designated Router id 192.168.254.10, Interface address 192.168.254.10Backup Designated router id 192.168.254.28, Interface addr 192.168.254.28Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 60, Wait 40, Retransmit 5Hello due in 0:00:05Neighbor Count is 8, Adjacent neighbor count is 2 Adjacent with neighbor 192.168.254.28 (Backup Designated Router) Adjacent with neighbor 192.168.254.10 (Designated Router)

RouterX# show ip ospf interfaceDisplays the area ID and adjacency information


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RouterX# show ip ospf neighbor

ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface10.199.199.137 1 FULL/DR 0:00:31 192.168.80.37 FastEthernet0/0172.16.48.1 1 FULL/DROTHER 0:00:33 172.16.48.1 FastEthernet0/1172.16.48.200 1 FULL/DROTHER 0:00:33 172.16.48.200 FastEthernet0/110.199.199.137 5 FULL/DR 0:00:33 172.16.48.189 FastEthernet0/1

RouterX# show ip ospf neighbor Displays the OSPF neighbor information on a per-interface basis


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Thank you.

Documents

2. Management Router