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MB Meeting-Brussels- 20.09.06.
SUPER-SME PROJECT
METZ Peer review 20th & 21st
March, 2007
GENERAL INFORMATION
• Clusters are becoming increasingly popular as a policy tool to boost economic development and competitiveness
• The interest in clusters is at least partly a response to the weaknesses of economic strategies pursued in the past
– Strategies based on market opening and macroeconomicstabilization alone have over time tended to exhibit falling returns– Strategies based on market intervention and industrial policy have fared even worse, undermining prosperity over time
• Clusters are seen as a market-based approach to economic policy that develops new roles for government and companies, as well as for universities, research institutions, trade associations, and others
Copyright 2004 © Professor Michael E. Porter, Christian H. M. Ketels
MB Meeting-Brussels- 20.09.06.
GENERAL INFORMATION
Copyright 2004 © Professor Michael E. Porter, Christian H. M. Ketels
GENERAL INFORMATION
Starting point in Europe: “Lisbon Objectives”
CLUSTERS (M.E. Porter): “Geographically proximate groupsof interconnected companies and associated institutions in a particular field, linked by commonalities and complementarities”
Importance of Clusters:
Companies more productive and innovative
Reduction barriers for new business creation
4 shared characteristics: Proximity + Linkages + Interaction + Critical Mass
Clusters = aligned with new model innovation
MB Meeting-Brussels- 20.09.06.
CLUSTERS IN EUROPE- Growing Cluster approach: Sweden + UK (examples of recent cluster mapping efforts that covered the entire national economies)
- Clustering data Europe (n=34)
- SMEs dominance
- Global market directed, not just EU
- Advanced R+D services available in clusters unlike productive chain
- Young and growing
- Ranking*: Spain (30); France (21); Greece (67); UK (5); Finland (4); Italy (1)
GENERAL INFORMATION
Cluster Research Entering a New Phase
• Research on clusters has made significant progress, developing aconsistent conceptional framework over the last decade
• Economic development practitioners increasingly look at the clusterconcept as a promising new policy approach
• Clusters are moving from being an experimental, innovative idea to themainstream of research and policy
• The increased exposure puts new demands on the field
– Moving from case studies to large scale data bases and empiricaltests of theory-based hypotheses– Moving theory development from the focus on clusters as anempirical phenomenon to clusters as a policy approach
Copyright 2004 © Professor Michael E. Porter, Christian H. M. Ketels
MB Meeting-Brussels- 20.09.06.
- Spain 30th position on Clustering (Global Competitiveness report)
- No national cluster policy (such as Sweden or Ireland) but use of cluster approach in regional policy
- Growing importance in Catalonia:
- 42 Local Productive Systems (Regional Clusters) identified
- 235,000 workers
- 9.000 industrial stablishements
- 45,000 milion euros business: 10% total GDP
INFORMATION ON CLUSTERS
Textile Fashionand Brand
Bages Close Weave
Anoia Textile Dying
Manresa Innovation Plan
Agrofood Hardware of Lleida
White Biotechnology
Faucet Manufactures of Baix Llobregat
Delta LlobregatInnovation Plan
Baix LlobregatOptics
La SèniaHome Furniture
Centelles Fireplace
Osona Innovation Plan
Osona Leather Ripollès Metal - Mechanics
La Selva Innovation Plan
Home FurnitureLa Garriga
Terrassa – SabadellTextile
Terrassa Innovation Plan
BMA Motorcycles
BMA Audiovisual
Barcelona Aeronautics and Space (BAIE)
BMA Moldsand Matrices
BMA Electromedicine
22@BCN Shared Services
Railgrup
Biocluster
AutomotiveCluster
CLUSTER MAP IN CATALONIA
MB Meeting-Brussels- 20.09.06.
CLUSTERS BY SECTOR
6%
12%
0,6%
21,7%
6,6%
16,7%
10,9%
8,9%
1,8%
9,6%
5,2%
%
9%
8,9%
2,7%
5%
4,3%
29,8%
4,3%
11,7%
4,9%
13,2%
6,4%
%
14.078
28.182
1.399
50.714
15.378
39.018
25.470
20.881
4.238
22564
12.288
Workers
160m2474,8%2Manufacture industry
11.97544911,9%5Transport materials
3.250m3837,1%3Electrics and electronics
3.800m8032,4%1Plastic industry
2.155m79819%8Machinery & mechanical
4.250m2.6802,4%1Metallurgy
11.000m3847,1%3Chemistry
2.650m1.0564,8%2Paper, edition-graphic arts
525m4419,5%4Wood & furniture
2.400m1,19021,4%9Textile-leather
3.475m5769,5%4Food & beverage
TurnoverEstablishments% Number SPLSector
Source Depatrment of Labour and Industry, 2005
MOST DEVELOPED CLUSTERS
Chemistry
Textile
Automotive Bio-Tech
Electronics
Graphic artsMetallurgy
MB Meeting-Brussels- 20.09.06.
CLUSTER EXAMPLE: CHEMISTRY INDUSTRY
5 Sub-sectors included: Basic Chemistry + Agro-chemistry + Industrial Chemicals + Consume Chemicals + Pharmaceutical Chemist
DATA:
- Catalonia represents 47% production (total Spanish). Not including Pharma
- 50% total Spanish exports on Chemistry industry
- PHARMA: traditional Catalan industrial specialization
- 44% total pharma laboratories- 52% total fine chemics production centres- 56% total production- 52% total jobs
CLUSTER EXAMPLE: CHEMISTRY INDUSTRY
Big Consume ChemicalBarcelona Metropolitan
AreaSoap derivates +
Health&Beauty industryHenkel, Antonio Puig,
Cotyastor, Procter&Gamble, Dermofarm, Rechkitt...
South Tarragona countyPetro- Chemical and oil
derivatesBasf, Repsol, Dow
Chemical, Aiscondel, Clariant...
Barcelona Metropolitan AreaFine chemist + Specialities productionBraun Medical, Boehringer, Dr. Esteve Labs, Almirall-Prodesfarma, Merck...
Basic ChemistryPharma Products
3 SPL: 2 BMA + 1 TARRAGONA
MB Meeting-Brussels- 20.09.06.
CLUSTER EXAMPLE: CHEMISTRY INDUSTRY
Big Consume Chemistry
205 establishments
8,056 jobs
2,100 M€ turnover
30% exports/production
Specialization since XIXMarket size Barcelona,
concentrationScientific achievement:
sinthetic tensioactives (40’s)
Existence of high level specialized centres: IQS
Relevant actors: Chemical Institute of Sarria (IQS), CatalanChemical Industry Federation (FEDEQUIM), Sarrià Chemical Institute(IQS), Superior School of Industrial Engineering (UPC)
CLUSTER EXAMPLE: CHEMISTRY INDUSTRY
Basic Chemistry
47 establishments
4,891 jobs
5,600 M€ turnover
30% exports/production
60’s industrial concentration arround Tarragona harbour
70’s First petro-chemical pole in Spain
Importance of harbour: 60 % movements petro-chemics
Proximity to user industry in Barcelona
Relevant actors: Catalan Institute of Chemical Research (ICIQ), Superior Engineering School of URV, Innovation Centre for Tecnological Research onEnergetic Revaluation and Refrigeration (CREVER)
MB Meeting-Brussels- 20.09.06.
CLUSTER EXAMPLE: CHEMISTRY INDUSTRY
Pharma Products
132 establishments
12,523 jobs
3,300 M€ turnover
25% exports/production
Family business since XIX century
Expansion during 50sNowadays big presence
of multinationals: 50% production but still important local firms
Relevant actors: Scientific Park of Barcelona (PCB), CIDEM’sBioincubator, LGAI Technological Centre, PharmaindustryAssociation, Doctor Robert Foundation, Biomedical Research Park…
CHEMICAL INDUSTRY LPS MAP
Packagingproducers
Maintancecompanies
Reciclyingcompanies
Oil trusts & importers
Rawmaterial suppliers
BASE CHEM’S
Fine Chemistry
Industrial Chems
Agro-chems
PHARMA PRODUCT
BIG CONSUM CHEMS
Technology Centres
PCB, LGAI, CREVER,ICIQ, PRB…
Sectoral Associations
AEQT, Fedequim, AEPSAT, ADELMA…
Educational Centres
IQS, ETSEI, ETSEQ
MB Meeting-Brussels- 20.09.06.
More complete LPS: Automotive - Motorcycle, Railwaymaterial and Meat derivates
Concentration of main stages of productive process
Sharing of technology suppliers
Sharing of main technological centres, training centres and
associations
BASIC CONCLUSIONS
Best LPS in Catalonia: Meat cluster in Osona (Girona), which includes in its territory all production and service chain of the industry + specialized high tech machinery producers
BASIC CONCLUSIONS
- Bigger LPS in Catalonia: Metal products, automotive, plastic materials, graphic arts and chemistry
- Smaller LPS: Mineral water cluster, cotton processing, decorative ceramics*, agricole machinery, food and beverage machinery
- Territorially: Automotive present in 8 departments; metallurgy in 7; olive oil in 7; textile in 5 and electronics in 5
- Regional Clusters: young + hard to evaluate + lack of data + no systematic evidence
MB Meeting-Brussels- 20.09.06.
Many thanks for your attention
LEAD PARTNER
Regional Council of LorraineLorraine, France
PROJECT PARTNERS
TÜBITAK Adana Universite Sanayi Ortak Arastirma Merkezi
Adana, Turkey
E-W-E East West ExpertiseCluj County Council, Romania
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki URENIO Research Unit
Central Macedonia, Greece
Institute of Baltic Studies (IBS)Estonia
FUNDITEC Fundación para el Desarrollo y la Innovación tecnológica
Catalonia, Spain
SSTSCZ Centre for Science, Technology and Society Studies Czech Academy of Sciences
Prague, Czech Republic
