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1
2/12/2008
Radio Planning and Systems CollocationRadio Planning and Systems Collocation
22
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In This Chapter
Collocation effects of adjacent / overlapped cells
Frequency and power considerations
Radio Planning Tools and Calculations
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Chapter Objectives
This chapter enables you to:
Identify the problem effects between adjacent cells
Name the minimum physical separation between cells
Describe the relevant radio planning considerations and identify somepower budget calculationsList some radio planning tools (NIR, limitation of the automatic
channel
selection).
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In This Chapter
Collocation effects of adjacent / overlapped cells
Frequency and power considerations
Radio Planning Tools and Calculations
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Adjacent Cells
Each cell - 6 SectorsFrequency effects
10
9
2
1
5
6
10
92
1
5
6
10
9
2
1
5
6
Adjacent Cells
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Adjacent and Overlapped Sectors
10
92
1
5
6
10
9
2
1
5
6
Overlapped Sectors
Adjacent Sectors
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Collocation Cells Frequencies SeparationCollocation is achieved by operating collocated systemson different channels
Channel Band-Width: 10, 20 or (in BreezeNET-B) 40 MHz
5730 MHz
1 3 5 7
2 4 6
9
8 10
U-
NII
110 MHz (ISM)
5840 MHz
Adjacent channels
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Collocation Cells Frequencies SeparationMechanically adjacent or overlapped sectors can not usefrequency adjacent channels
At least one operating channel should be kept as guard
channel. Doing otherwise may cause Adjacent ChannelInterference (ACI) and reduce the performance of both
systems
Is not recommended reusing the same frequencychannel in back to back configuration
3
54
Adjacent ChannelsPartial
Overlapping Sectors
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Collocation Cells Frequencies SeparationIn back-to-back installation a separation of 1 channel isrecommended
Back-to-Back Sectors
3
5
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U-
NII7
53
Collocation Dos and Donts
1
59
1 3 5 7
2 4 6
9
8 10
5740 MHz 5760 MHz 5780 MHz 5800 MHz 5820 MHz
5750 MHz 5770 MHz 5790 MHz 5810 MHz 5830 MHz
1
73
9
10
9
2
1
5
6
Possible cell configuration when
using 10 MHz channels
Possible cell configuration when
using 20 MHz channels
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In most cases of elevated noise floor the cause is other
equipment, co-located on the same tower or rooftop.
Co-channel InterferenceWhen the noise floor is elevated by a signal that is on the
same frequency as your radio
Adjacent Channel Interference
When the noise floor is elevated by a signal that is not on
the same frequency as your radio but rather an adjacent
channel.
Adjacent & Co-channel Interference
Co channel and adjacent channel interference may be caused by:
Wrong frequency allocation
Wrong transmit power configuration
Low antennas physical separation or faulty antennas
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Typical 3 Sector Site
1
23
Collocated Noise Sources
When 1 transmits, 2 & 3
also receive energy fromthe back of the antenna.
If radio 2 or 3 are on or
near the same frequency
as 1, then the resultwould be co-channel
interference.
Co-channel interference
is the most destructive
type of interference.
Green arrow indicates
desired direction of
transmission
Red arrow indicates
energy is released
from the back and
sides of the antenna
as well.
S t A t Ph i l S ti
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Sector Antennas Physical Separation - Installation GuidelinesAntennas Installed at the Same Height
Recommended distance between sector antennas:
Adjacent/Overlapped sectors: 2 meters
Back-to-Back sectors: 5 meters
Shift Angle Between Antennas Back to Back
S t A t Ph i l S ti
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Sector Antennas Physical Separation - Installation GuidelinesFor installation where the recommended physical
separation cant be met, it is recommended to mix the
horizontal and vertical separation as follows:
Overlapped Sectors Adjacent Sectors
< 2m
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OMNI antennas transmit energy in all directions
Energy may be high enough to raise the noise floor on nearby sectoral
antennas.Is recommended a 2m separation between sectorial antennas and other
equipments installed on the same pipe/tower
Collocated Non BA-VL Noise Sources
2m
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In This Chapter
Collocation effects of adjacent / overlapped cells
Frequency and power considerations
Radio Planning Tools and Calculations
Adjacent Sectors
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Adjacent Sectors- General ConsiderationsA very close to the center => Signal could saturate AU Sector #2A and B transmit on different (but close) frequencies
The AU Sector #2 couldnt receive B
Solution -
ATPC (Automatic Transmit Power Control)
B
Adjacent Cells / Sectors
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Adjacent Cells / Sectors- Frequency ConsiderationsSmall CellsC transmissions to AU Sector #2 reach AU Sector #1 causinginterference to AU Sector #1
Solutions
- ATPC-
Rotate the cell frequency pattern -
Avoid using same sequence in
sectors illuminating the same direction
Base Station #1 Base Station #2
C
Adjacent Cells / Sectors
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Adjacent Cells / Sectors- Frequency Considerations
Cell #1 Cell #2
Sectors #2 in cells #1 and #2 use same frequencySignal from sector #2 (cell #1) can reach C and cause interference
Solutions
-
Rotate the cell frequency pattern -
Avoid using same sequence in sectors
illuminating the same direction-
If the previous solution cant be applied, reduce the transmit power of
sector #2 (Cell #1)
C
C
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In This Chapter
Collocation effects of adjacent / overlapped cells
Frequency and power considerations
Radio Planning Tools and Calculations
P B d t C l l ti
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Power Budget Calculation
PR
= PT LT + GT LFS + GR LR FM
While
P
T
LT
+ GT
EIRP
Our Goal PR SRAU-IDU
AU-ODU
C
AT-5Cable
SU-IDU
SU-ODUCAT-5Cab
le
PT
LT
GT
LFS
GR
LR
PR
PR = Received Power [dBm]
SR = Receiver Sensitivity [dBm]
PT = Transmit Power [dBm]LT = Cable Loss at the transmitter side [dBm]
GT = Gain of transmitter Antenna [dBi]
LFS = Loss of Free Space [dBm]
GR = Gain of the Receiver Antenna [dBi]LR = Cable Loss at the Receiver side [dBm]
FM = Required Fade Margin
S t S iti it
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System Sensitivity
Modulation
Level
Sensitivity
(H/W Rev. B and Higher)Minimum
SNR
1 -89 dBm 6 dB
2 -88 dBm 7 dB
3 -86 dBm 9 dB
4 -84 dBm 11 dB
5 -81 dBm 14 dB
6 -77 dBm 18 dB
7 -73 dBm 22 dB
8 -71 dBm 23 dB
P B d t C l l ti E l
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Power Budget Calculation - Example
AU-IDU
AU-ODU
C
AT-5Cable
SU-IDU
SU-ODUCAT-5Cab
le
PT
LT
GT
LFS
GR
LR
PR
Note
LFS
= 92.5 + 20 Log + 20 Log
PR = Received Power [dBm]???
PT = Maximum PowerLT = 0.25 dB per meter (Length of 2m)
GT = 17 dBi (90
Antenna)
LFS = Frequency 5.8 GHz; Distance of 10 Km
GR = 21 dBiLR = Attached Antenna
FM = Rural environment / obstacle LoS (Typically 10 dB)
EIRP
= 36 dBm (FCC 5.8 GHz)
Po er B dget Calc lation E ample
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Power Budget Calculation - Example
PR
= 19.5 0.5 + 17 127.67 + 21 0 10While
19.5
0.5
+ 17
36
Our Goal -80.67 SRAU-IDU
AU-ODU
C
AT-5Cable
SU-IDU
SU-ODUCAT-5Cab
le
19.5
0.5
17
127.67
21
0
PR
PR = Received Power [dBm] -81.67 dBm
PT = Maximum Power+19.5 dBmLT = 0.25 dB per meter (Length of 2m)
GT = 17 dBi (90
Antenna)
LFS = Frequency 5.8 GHz; Distance of 10 Km
GR = 21 dBi
LR = Attached Antenna
FM = Rural environment / obstacle LoS (Typically 10 dB)
EIRP
= 36 dBm (FCC 5.8 GHz)
The system will work at leastin modulation level 5
Radio Planning Tool (NIR)
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Radio Planning Tool (NIR)
Runs on Win95, Win98 orWinNT
Inputs from user
3D geographical mapsRadio parameters
Antenna parameters
Site parameters
Capacity requirements
Output of the Radio
Planning Tool
Power coverage => availablecapacity
User affiliation to Base StationsNIR application
Note: For limited size cells (micro cells) the AU transmit power may be required to be reduced
according to the desired covered area and modulation level in order to allow a betterfrequency reuse
26Spectrum Analyzer Feature
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p y Channel Selection
In this mode the AU only listens and does not operateas normalWhen The feature is turned on, the AU:
ResetsScans the spectrum for as long as configured
When Automatic channel selection option is enabled,
Automatically selects the clearest
channel upon scanning
completion (Disabled by default)
Resets and goes back to its normal mode (After completion)
The results may be viewed (During this period)
The feature exists both in AU and SUThe AU automatic channel selection feature does not
take in account the OFDM interference (OFDM Frames
from the spectrum analyzer table)
27Spectrum Analyzer Feature
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p y Channel Selection
Spectrum Analysis Status : Active
Spectrum Scan Channel Period : 5
Spectrum Scan Cycles : 2
Automatic Channel Selection : Disable
Channel SignalCount
SignalSNR
SignalWidth
OFDMFrames
5725 115 4 7 0
5730 10 4 22 0
5735 0 0 0 0
5740 6 7 14 211
5745 451 13 14 65
5750 256 20 220 0
5755 15 6 56 0
5780 0 0 0 0
5785 0 0 0 0
5790 0 0 0 05795 0 0 0 0
28 Frequency Allocation Case Study
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Frequency Allocation Case Study
Is there a mistake in
this Radio Planning?
5,500 MHz
5,700 MHz
5,520 MHz
5,540 MHz
5,560 MHz
5,580 MHz
5,600 MHz
5,620 MHz
5,640 MHz
5,660 MHz
5,680 MHz
29 Summary
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Summary
The main problems due to Collocation of Cells
Main radio planning considerations
Radio planning tools to optimize the situation
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