2 Risk Assessment (Mar 2007)

8/14/2019 2 Risk Assessment (Mar 2007)

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SYAMSafety Manager

Faculty of Science

(I AM Risk)


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ObjectiveIntroduce Risk Assessment Methodology

Definitions

Advantages

Concept of Risk

Risk Management

Share the Risk Assessment Procedure

Introduce Risk Assessment tool

Steps in Risk Assessment When to revise Risk Assessment

Summary

Expectations


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What is Risk Assessment

Systematic examination of a job intended toIdentify potential hazards, Assess the level of

risks, and evaluate practical measures toManage (control) risks I AM Risk

Procedure to make job safe by

Identifying the HAZARDS associated with each step

andDeveloping SOLUTIONS to each hazard that either

ELIMINATE it or CONTROL it.


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Make jobs safer and less likely to result in injury

Eliminate unsafe acts and unsafe conditions Will make the laboratory (work place) safer

Can be performed on any experimental task

Are proactive approach to ensuring health and

safety of students and others

Risk Assessments:


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Source or situation with a potential for harm in terms

of injury or ill health, damage to property, damage tothe workplace environment, or a combination of thesee.g. - Toxic or Flammable substances, electric energy, working at heights etc.

Risk Assessment

Definitions HAZARD


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Risk means the chance that someone will beharmed by the hazard.

Risk = Hazard effect x Probability (likelihoodof Occurrence)

Risk AssessmentDefinition - Risk

Likelihood that a hazard will cause a specific

harm or injury to person or damage property(MOM)


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Risk Concepts

RISK

Acceptability Criteria

How Big??

Consequences

How Often??

Frequencies


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ANALYZE RISK

ASSESSMENTOverall process of estimating themagnitude of risk and deciding

whether or not the risk istolerable (OHSAS18001 Definition 3.15)

Using sound concepts to DetectHAZARDS and Estimate the RisktheyPose.

Prioritize Identified Hazards- Severity of Possible Loss

- Probability of Possible Loss


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ANALYZE RISKASSESSMENT

Hazardis something with the potentialto cause harm

HAZARD

(with the)

POTENTIAL

(to Cause)

HARM

(e.g. object, agent or

activity)

Flammable Solvent Fire Burn, PropertyDamage

Manual Handling Muscular Stress Back Injury hernia

Sulfuric Acid Corrosiveness Chemical Burn


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RISK ManagementAcceptable Risk

Risk cannot be justified on any grounds

ALARP, Compare Risk w ith Benefit

Tolerable region if risk function is not reasonably or economically

practicable and achievable

Negligible Risk

ALARP = As Low As Reasonably Practicable

Risk Assessors Knowledge, Consult, Share, Review, Team Work

Team = Knowledge + Experience + Discussions + Review

INTOLERABLE REGION

TOLERABLE REGION

ACCEPTABLE REGION


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How to do a Risk Assessment?List the activities involved in your research projectexperiments

Procurement, use, handling, storage anddisposal of the chemicals or agent

IDENTIFY (Study) the hazards of each activity / procedure

ASSESS (Evaluate) the severity and probability ofaccidents/incidents arising from these hazards

Consider current control measures

MANAGE the identified Risk

Implement appropriate control measures

Elimination, Substitution, Controls


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Risk

Assessments

are not safety

inspections

lookingbeyond the

surface


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Procedure Based

Equipment BasedAgent Based

Risk Assessment

Methods


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Risk Assessment Template


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Risk Assessment Template


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EXPERIMENT TO BE ANALYZED

BREAK DOWN INTO SUCCESSIVE STEPS

IDENTIFY POTENTIAL HAZARDS

DEVELOP WAYS TO ELIMINATE POTENTIAL HAZARDS

ANALYSE RISKSLikelihood and Severity

EVALUATE RISKSConsider existing safeguards

Risk Assessment

Flowchart1

2

3

4

5

6

I

A

M


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Ultimately all tasks in laboratory

Experiments does not have a written

procedure

Highest rates of accidents or greatest

potential for injuriesNew Experiments

New Equipment

Changes in procedures, chemicals,equipments

Involve all students and researchers

1. Selecting Experiments


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Practical constraints on time and resources

Some experiments are more hazardous than

others and some have worse incident historythan others

Factors that can be considered to prioritize Frequency of past incidents

Severity of potential activities

Infrequently performed jobs: students may begreater risk when undertaking non-routine tasks

Undergraduates students

Selecting Experiments


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Examples1. Transporting chemicals from store to lab

2. Storage of chemicals

3. Distillation of solvents

4. Reactions

Grignard reactions Hydrolysis

Oxidation

5. Waste storage & disposal6. Use of specific equipments

7. All research experiments


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Risk Assessments for all activities?

Example


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A task is a single, separate, specificcomponent of the employees overall duties.

2. Break Experiment into Tasks

A TASK is asingle activity that clearly

advances an experiment and is

a logical portion of that assignment.


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Task is a segment of an overall job

Completion of each tasks in proper sequence leads

to the completion of the experiment

Break down into basic steps or task

- Important to keep the tasks in their correct sequence

Dividing a experiment into small tasks requires athorough knowledge of that particular job

Break down into Successive Tasks

If the tasks are made too general, specific operations and related

hazards may be missedToo many tasks may make the Risk Assessment impractical

Rule of Thumb:- Most experiments can be described in less than tentasks normally 6 8 tasks


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Example Distillation of dichloromethane

No Description/Details of Steps in Activity

1 Prepare glassware, add dichloromethane into a round bottom flask, fill up to 2/3

of the flask2 Add 10 gm of Calcium Hydride into the flask

3 Setup Distillation apparatus, Clamp the round bottom flask, put magnetic stirrer,

connect solvent collector, condenser, drying tube, cooling water tube

4 Turn on Cooling water, Stirrer and Heater

5 Reflux Di-chloromethane for 3-5 hours

6 Collect desired amount of dried Di-chloromethane

7 Turn off the main valve and heater

8 Cooling the setup

9 Re-fill the round bottom flask with Di-chloromethane

10 Disposal of waste chemicals/ containers

Identify sequential steps in drying CH2Cl2


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PeoplePeople

It is important when conducting a RiskIt is important when conducting a RiskAssessment, that you evaluate equipment,Assessment, that you evaluate equipment,

procedures, agents (Chemicals) and personnel.procedures, agents (Chemicals) and personnel.

EquipmentEquipment ProceduresProcedures AgentsAgents

3. IDENTIFY POTENTIAL HAZARDS

Each step is analyzed for potential inherent hazardsEach step is analyzed for potential inherent hazards

Decision on theDecision on the relevance of any particular hazardrelevance of any particular hazard

come later in the risk assessment processescome later in the risk assessment processes

MSDS :- http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9926060


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1. Hazardous material (egChemicals and Radioactivematerials)

2. Equipment

3. SampleCollection/Transportation

4. Chemical Storage

SOURCE

LABORATORYACTIVITIES/OPERATIONS

DISPOSAL/TRANSFER

1. Extraction/isolation

2. Purification

3. Manipulation/Reaction/Analysis

4. Pilot plants

1. Waste storage

2. Handling

3. Waste Treatment/Disposal


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Hazards in Laboratories

Chemical

Physical

Radioactive

Biological

Mechanical

Ergonomic Hazards

Human Factor

Combinations


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Hazard Classifications

Thermal StabilityHazards Self-reactivity, especially when reactivemonomers are involved

In appropriate storage conditions

Runaway reactions and thermal explosions

Loss of utilities leading to loss of cooling orloss of agitation

Reactivity Hazards Water and/or air reactivity

Inappropriate material of construction

Wrong chemical added Wrong addition rates or order of reaction

Hypergolic and pyrophoric properties ofreactants or products

Operational Hazards Flammability of dusts, vapors and gases

Mechanically induced hazards, such asimpact and friction

Static electricity induced hazards


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Chemical Hazards

Flammability, Vapor pressure, FlashPoint etc.

Exposure, absorption, dose

Protective procedures and equipment

Analytical tools

Planning for avoidance


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Physical Hazards

Explosions, fires, cuts, wounds, noise,

heat


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Chemical BurnsInadequate PPE


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Radioactive Hazards

Medical laboratories, research

laboratories

Mixed chemical wastes

Poor/no warning properties

Passive surveillance devices available


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Biological Hazards

Animals (poisons vs physical wounds)

Infection (pathogenic bacteria, viruses,molds)

Health care facilities, waste treatmentoperations, normal field activities


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Combined Hazards

Infection, Wound

Fire, Explosion

Dust, Chemicals

E l Di ill i f di hl h


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Example Distillation of dichloromethaneIdentify Hazards in each steps in drying CH2Cl2

No Description/Details of Steps in Activity Hazards1 Prepare glassware, add dichloromethane into a round bottom

flask, fill up to 2/3 of the flask

1) Glass breakage, sharp objects 2) Irritant, hazardous chemical 3)

Carcinogenic chemical 4) Low Boiling Point, chemical vapor 5) Combustible

liquid

2 Add 10 gm of Calcium Hydride into the flask 1) Skin and Eye irritant chemical 2) Flammable 3) Extremely reactive or

incompatible with moisture - product reacts violently with water to emit

flammable gases

3 Setup Distillation apparatus, Clamp the round bottom flask, put

magnetic stirrer, connect solvent collector, condenser, drying

tube, cooling water tube

1) Glass breakage, sharp objects

4 Turn on Cooling water, Stirrer and Heater 1) Water leakage 2) Electricity 3) Hot surface

5 Reflux Di-chloromethane for 3-5 hours 1) No or less water 2) High temperature, Heater malfunction 3) Electricity 4)Water leakage

5) Over pressure

6 Collect desired amount of dried Di-chloromethane 1) Hot surface 2) Chemical vapor 3) Glass breakage, sharp objects 4)

Malfunction of valves -no flow

5) Electricity

7 Turn off the main valve and heater 1) Electricity 2) Hot surface

8 Colling the setup 1) Hot Surface

9 Re-fill the round bottom flask with Di-chloromethane 1) Glass breakage, sharp objects 2) Irritant, hazardous chemical 3)

Carcinogenic chemical

4) Low Boiling Point, chemical vapor 5) Combustible liquid

10 Disposal of waste chemicals/ containers 1) Glass breakage 2) Skin, Eye irritant chemicals 3) Flammable vapors


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4. ANALYZE RISKSBy Considering

1.Severity and

2.Probability

Severity

Classified into Low, Medium and High

Low (Minor injuries First Aid)

Medium (Medical Treatment > 3 days MC, Hospitalization)

High (Serious Injuries, Fatality)

E l Di till ti f di hl th


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Example Distillation of dichloromethaneIdentify Harm and current controls in each steps in distilling CH2Cl2

No Desription/Details of Steps in Activity Hazards Possible Accident / Ill Health & Persons-at-Risk

1 Prepare glassware, add dichloromethane

into a round bottom flask, fill up to 2/3 of

the flask

1) Glass breakage, sharp objects 2) Irritant, hazardous

chemical 3) Carcinogenic chemical 4) Low Boiling Point,

chemical vapour5) Combustible liquid

Injury from broken glass, Hazardous in case of Eye or skin

contact

Classified Carcinogen, Chemical Inhalation, Fire - Flammable

vapors

2 Add 10 gm of Calcium Hydride into the

flask

1) Skin and Eye irritant chemical 2) Flammable

3) Extremely reactive or incompatible with moisture - product

reacts violently with water to emit flammable gases

Chemical spill, contamination, Fire, Explosion, Skin tissue

damage, Corneal damage or blindness, Explosive mixture while

reacting with water - Fire explosion

3 Setup Distillation apparatus, Clamp the

round bottom flask, put magnetic stirrer,

connect solvent collector, condenser,

drying tube, cooling water tube

1) Glass breakage, sharp objects Injury from broken glass, Chemical spill - irritant and flammable

chemicals

4 Turn on Cooling water, Stirrer and Heater 1) Water leakage 2) Electricity 3) Hot surface Electrocution, violent chemical reaction, Electrocution

Burn

5 Reflux Di-chloromethane for 3-5 hours 1) No or less water 2) High temperature, Heater malfunction3) Electricity 4) Water leakage 5) Over pressure

Over heat, potential explosion fir, Electrocution, violent chemical reaction

6 Collect desired amount of dried Di-

chloromethane

1) Hot surface 2) Chemical vapor 3) Glass breakage, sharp

objects 4) Malfunction of valves -no flow 5) Electricity

Burn, Inhalation of chemicals , Injury from broken glass

-, Electrocution

7 Turn off the main valve and heater 1) Electricity 2) Hot surface Electrocution, Burn

8 Colling the setup 1) Hot Surface Burn

9 Re-fill the round bottom flask with Di-

chloromethane

1) Glass breakage, sharp objects 2) Irritant, hazardous

chemical

3) Carcinogenic chemical 4) Low Boiling Point, chemical

vapor

5) Combustible liquid


contact


vapors

10 Disposal of waste chemicals/ containers 1) Glass breakage 2) Skin, Eye irritant chemicals

3) Flammable vapors


contact


vapors


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4. ANALYZE RISKS

Probability

How often it can happen

Generally can be classified into Very Likely - Very often, happen at all times

Likely Not certain, an additional factor may trigger

Possible could happen

Rare combination of more than 1 activities required

Unlikely Remotely Possible

Very likely can be often incidents/accidents

Possible chance in accidents/incidents (every 3 years)

Unlikely never hear before ( > 10 years)


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5. EVALUATE RISKSCombination of Severity and Probability

1. Severity

Low - 1

Medium - 2

High - 3

2. Probability

Unlikely - 1Possible - 2

Very Likely - 3


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5. EVALUATE RISKS

Quantitative Risk Assessment

Risk = Severity x Probability

Vary from 1 to 9< 3 - Acceptable Residual Risk - Low

3,4 - Consider Additional Risk Control - Med

>4 - Additional Risk control Required - High


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5. EVALUATE RISKS


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A A CO O


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Very effective, especially for hazardous

substance

Replace solvent by water solution

Substitute vapor heating by electric heating

Use electronic control instead of pneumatic one

Use a non-sparking hammer in a flammableatmosphere instead of a steel hammer

Replace Benzene with Toluene

HAZARD CONTROL

Substitute


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IMPLEMENT CONTROLS

1. Engineering Controls

2. Administrative Controls

3. Personal Protective Equipment


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Control MeasuresElimination/Substitution

Use a chemical of higher LD50, PEL,

Use a biological agent of lower risk grouping Micro-scale experiments / Computer simulation

Engineering

Biological Safety Cabinet, Local Exhaust ventilation, Fumecupboard, etc

Centrifuges safety cups

Interlocks Safety Guards

Primary barrier to prevent exposure by containment


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Control Measures

Administrative

Standard Operating Procedures, signage, etc Survey/Wipe tests verification tests, hygiene monitoring

Occupational Health vaccinations/immunizations

Training and Education Labeling

Inspections and Audits

Maintenance of Equipment


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Personal Protective Equipment

PPE may be required to reduce the risk ofexposure of an employee by contact,

inhalation or ingestion of an infectious agent,toxic substance, or radioactive material.

Provide a barrier against hazards toprotect laboratory workers from injury

riskPPE is the last line of defense

i i


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Personal Protective Equipment

Examples of common PPEs

1. Lab coat

2. Gloves

3. Covered shoes

4. Safety Glasses

5. Safety Goggles

6. Face Shields

7. Respirators

Example Distillation of dichloromethane


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Example Distillation of dichloromethaneList additional control measures and responsible person

Wh t i Ri k A t


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When to revise a Risk Assessment

If the equipment sustains any damage

After a close call Near Miss

Complaints smell, hot surface etc.

When there is a significant changes in the

experiment that could affect the S &H ofresearchers (chemicals, equipments)

When an injury or accident occurs incidentselsewhere or in NUS

Once in every three years

SUMMARY


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SUMMARY Risk Assessment is a structured methodology for the

identification of hazards and assessment of risksassociated w ith all experimental activities

It Requires

Experimental Description / Research plan

Breakdown of experiment into tasks

Quality Hazard Analysis know ledge, experience

Hazard Elimination or Control

Communication of hazards and safeguards to those doing

the tasks training, group meeting Keeping Documents Record Keeping

Audi ts (Ensure Effectiveness)

I AM - Identify, Assess, Manage


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Expectations


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Expectations

1. Conduct Risk Assessmenta. All Experiments in the laboratory

Get all necessary details of chemicals and experimental

protocols

Conduct Risk Assessment using the Excel template

Identify all hazards, control measures and PPErequirements

b. Review by the Principle Investigators

c. Record Keeping2. Communicate Risk Assessment with others

a. Paste the Hazard warning label in your laboratories - align

with Risk Assessment


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