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Rock ClassificationGeologists classify rocks into three major groups depending on how they are formed:
igneous rock, sedimentary rock, and metamorphic rock.
- Classifying Rocks
4
Igneous Rock Recipe
5. Igneous Rock Serve and Enjoy
2. Place in oven (2,000 C) Add Heat Energy & Melt
+ HeatMinerals
Quartz + Biotite + Feldspar
1. Take some Minerals & Gasses – Mix well
4. Remove from heat, let it Cool & Crystallize (Intrusive/Extrusive)
3. Change Rock to Liquid Phase (Magma)
5
Sedimentary Rock Recipe
4. Sedimentation & Deposition
5. Compaction & Cementation
2. Weather (Break Up)
3. Erode (Carry Away)
© Beadle, 2009 Sedimentary Rock
Igneous Rock
1. Start with existing rock at the Surface
Metamorphic Rock Recipe1. Get some pre-formed rock –
Igneous or Sedimentary will do & burry it deep underground.
2a. Add a mild amount
of Heat
(Not too hot)
Note: Add more heat for Igneous Rock
2b. Squeeze to Foliate
3. Cool & (Re)-Crystallize
4. Metamorphic Rock
Gneiss (foliated)
Granite(Igneous)
+ H
EA
T
+ Pressure + Pressure
Igneous Rocks
Metamorphic Rocks
Melting
Cooling & Hardening
High Temp & Pressure
Magma(Liquid Rock)
Sedimentary Rocks
Compaction & Cementation
Sediments
Weathering & Erosion
To the Surface
Igneous Rocks
Metamorphic Rocks
Melting
Cooling & Hardening
High Temp & Pressure
Magma(Liquid Rock)
Sedimentary Rocks
Compaction & Cementation
Sediments
Weathering & Erosion
To the Surface
Linear Process ConnectionIgneous Rock
Take minerals & Add a lot of Heat to Melt
Cool & Crystallize (Extrusive)
Change to Liquid Phase (Magma)
Rise to the Surface
Sedimentation & Deposition
Compaction & Cementation
Weather (Break Up)
Erode (Carry Away)
Sedimentary Rock
Cool & Crystallize (Intrusive)
burry it deep underground
Add Heat & Pressure
(Not too hot)
Cool & (Re)-Crystallize
Metamorphic Rock
What is the Rock Cycle?
Metamorphic Rocks
Igneous Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks
Any rock type can be changed into any of the other two and back again depending on conditions
-The process of rocks changing from one type of rock to another
Rocky Cycle: Point out where metamorphism, igneous & sedimentary rocks are processed & formed.
Cloud
Hot Magma1
4a
5
6
6
5
4b2b pm2a
pm Earthquakes
3
Volcanic ExplosionExtrusive Igneous Rock
© Beadle, 2009
Metamorphism
(Pressure)
Rock Cycle Key: Point out where metamorphism, igneous & sedimentary rocks are processed & formed.
Cloud
SedimentarySedimentary
Extrusiv
e Igneous Extrusive Igneous
Intrusive IgneousMetamorphism
Intr
usiv
e Ig
neou
s
Con
tact
M
etam
orph
ism
Regional Metamorphism
© Beadle, 2009
Weathering & Erosion are actively breaking down the mountains & creating sediment
Deposition: minerals from the Granite
spreading out as sand & clay! This makes the soil of the valley
The rock cycle is an active process that you can see just about everywhere outside:
Underneath the surface, sediment is being compacted
& cemented = Sedimentary
The white tops of these mtn’s are granite= Igneous
Rise to The Surface
Weather(Break Up)
Erosion(Carry Away)
Sedimentation& Deposition
CompactionCementation
Heat & Pressure
Melting
Cooling & Crystallizing
1
2
4
5
6
7
8
3
What Rock?
What Rock?
What Rock?
Start with Start with some mineralssome minerals
The Rock CycleThe Rock Cycle
Mineral Series in the Rock Cycle
Quartz
Plag
Clay (Sediment)
Sand (Sediment) Sandstone(Sedimentary)
Shale(Sedimentary)
Granite(Igneous)
Quartzite (Metamorphic)
Slate (Metamorphic)
Gneiss (Metamorphic)
Schist(Metamorphic)