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120-753: Fundamentals of Web Programming
Lecture 1: Introduction
Fundamentals ofWeb Programming
Lecture 1: Introduction
220-753: Fundamentals of Web Programming
Lecture 1: Introduction
Today’s Topics
• Background Survey• Overview of the Course• Web Programming Defined
320-753: Fundamentals of Web Programming
Lecture 1: Introduction
Course Format
• Lectures MWF 1:30-2:50(in 146, except 5/17: Mellon Aud)
• Regular TA Office Hours (TBA)• Instructor Office Hours
by Appointment• Best Way to Reach Us:
[email protected]@cs.cmu.edu
420-753: Fundamentals of Web Programming
Lecture 1: Introduction
Course Syllabus
• Web Site/Page Design (2 lectures)• HTML (4 lectures)• WWW Protocols (2 lectures)• Programming Fundamentals
– Server-side scripts (3 lectures)– Client-side scripts (2 lectures)– Java apps/applets/etc. (3 lectures)
• Mini-Project (4 lectures)
520-753: Fundamentals of Web Programming
Lecture 1: Introduction
Grading
• Background Exercises 15%• Homeworks 25%• Mini-Project 30%• Final Examination 30%• TOTAL 100%
620-753: Fundamentals of Web Programming
Lecture 1: Introduction
Course Web Site
• Contact Information• Syllabus• Detailed Schedule• eLibrary• Chat Room• Pending: FAQ, Tutorials, …
720-753: Fundamentals of Web Programming
Lecture 1: Introduction
Surviving the Course
• Lectures will be structured to include prerequisite concepts, main lecture, demos, and on-line exercises
• Don’t fall behind - schedule meetings with TA or instructor
• We want to know where you need extra help… or an extra challenge!
820-753: Fundamentals of Web Programming
Lecture 1: Introduction
Web Programming Defined
• What are Programs?• Why is Web Programming
Different?• Web Programming Basics
– Web Pages (content delivery)– Elements of Web Pages (content)– URLs, HTTP, CGI (content requests)
920-753: Fundamentals of Web Programming
Lecture 1: Introduction
What are Programs?
• A program is a sequence of written instructions which is compiled and executed by a computer
• A script is a program which runs directly without pre-compilation
• Web pages can be thought of as scripts which are interpreted by web browsers
1020-753: Fundamentals of Web Programming
Lecture 1: Introduction
Programs vs. Scripts
Script Interpreter
(executed by CPU)
Result
CompilerProgram Binary Code
(executed by CPU)
Result
HTML Browser
(executed by CPU)
Output
1120-753: Fundamentals of Web Programming
Lecture 1: Introduction
Browsers and Plug-ins
• A plug-in is an adapter which lets browsers work with non-HTML – e.g. Java VM: Java applets– e.g. Acrobat: PDF files
HTML
Output
Java Acrobat
Applet
Browser
1220-753: Fundamentals of Web Programming
Lecture 1: Introduction
Web Programming
• Programs usually get their data from the local disk
• Web browsers get their ‘programs’ (HTML) from the local disk or remotely from a web site on the Internet
• Web programming is inherently a client-server enterprise
1320-753: Fundamentals of Web Programming
Lecture 1: Introduction
Web Clients and Servers
• The ‘client’ is usually the browser• The ‘server’ is usually a web server• Client-server communication relies
on network protocols
WebBrowser
Your Computer
CLIENT
Pages
Remote Computer
SERVER
WebServer
HTTP Request
HTML Page
1420-753: Fundamentals of Web Programming
Lecture 1: Introduction
Techniques We Will Learn
• Creating HTML pages and organizing them into web sites
• Scripting on the server side for content delivery (Perl)
• Scripting on the client side for interactive content (Javascript)
• Programming on the client side and server side (Java)
1520-753: Fundamentals of Web Programming
Lecture 1: Introduction
Putting it All Together
CLIENT SERVER
WebBrowser
PagesWebServer
Content Authoring:HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)
Protocols:CGI (Common Gateway Interface)HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
Client Scripts:Javascript
Client Programs:Java Applets
Server Scripts:Perl
Server Programs:Java Servlets
1620-753: Fundamentals of Web Programming
Lecture 1: Introduction
Content Cornucopia
• Text (ASCII, HTML, …)• Graphics (GIF, JPEG, …)• Multimedia (sound, video, …)• Links (relative, external, …)• Programs (applets, plug-ins, …)
1720-753: Fundamentals of Web Programming
Lecture 1: Introduction
Content Delivery
• Content is Delivered by Web Pages• Web Pages are Programs• Web Browsers ‘Run’ Web Pages• Web Pages Can Contain Errors• Not All Browsers Are the Same• Other Means of Content Delivery:
Streaming Media, Email, …
1820-753: Fundamentals of Web Programming
Lecture 1: Introduction
Generate and Test
• Programs: Edit / Compile / Test / Debug
• Scripts: Edit / Test / Debug• HTML: Edit / Browse / Debug• When learning a new technique,
try a simple example in your browser
1920-753: Fundamentals of Web Programming
Lecture 1: Introduction
The Programming Process
• Old Days: ‘Programmer as Guru’• Today: ‘Programmer as Engineer’• Basic Software Engineering Steps
– Requirements Analysis & Specification– Designing a Solution to the Problem– Plan the Implementation, then Build– Document Everything – Leave Plenty of Time for Testing
