2003-2004Antibiotics Review

April 19, 202304:13 AM

Amikacin

Aminoglycoside antibioticBactericidal protein synthesis

inhibitor

30S ribosomeFreezes initiation

Aminoglycosides

AntibioticsBactericidal protein synthesis

inhibitors

30S ribosomeFreeze initiation

Ampicillin

Penicillin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor

Amino penicillinInhibits peptidoglycan cross-

linking

Amphotericin B

AntifungalPolyene antibiotic

Binds to ergosterol and alters permeability

Systemic

Azithromycin

Macrolide antibioticBacteriostatic protein synthesis

inhibitor

50S ribosome Inhibits translocation

Aztreonam

New lactam antibiotic

Monobactam

Bacitracin

AntibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor

Topical, not a lactam, Inhibits dephosphorylation of

bactoprenol

Benzathine penicillin G

Penicillin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor

Inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking Repository preparation

Carbenicillin

Penicillin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor

Anti-pseudomonal penicillinInhibits peptidoglycan cross-

linking

Cefaclor

Cephalosporin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor

2nd generationOral

Cefadroxil

Cephalosporin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor

1st generationOral

Cefepime

Cephalosporin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor

4th generationCSF penetration

Cefotaxime

Cephalosporin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor

3rd generationCSF penetration

Cefoxitin

Cephalosporin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor

2nd generation

Ceftazidime

Cephalosporin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor

3rd generation

Ceftriaxone

Cephalosporin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor

3rd generationCSF penetration

Cefuroxime

Cephalosporin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor

2nd generationCSF penetration

Cephalexin

Cephalosporin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor

1st generationOral

Cephalosporins

Antibiotics lactam

Cell wall synthesis inhibitorsInhibit cross-linking of

peptidoglycan

Cephalothin

Cephalosporin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor

1st generationOral

Chloramphenicol

AntibioticBacteriostatic protein synthesis

inhibitor

50S ribosomeInhibits peptide bond formation

Ciprofloxacin

Fluoroquinolone antibioticDNA replication inhibitor

Inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase

Clarithromycin

Macrolide antibioticBacteriostatic protein synthesis

inhibitor Antiulcer

50S ribosomeInhibits translocation

Clavulanic acid

-lactamase inhibitor

Combined with antibacterials

Clindamycin

AntibioticBacteriostatic protein synthesis

inhibitor

50S ribosomeAnaerobic infections

Cloxacillin

Penicillin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor

Penicillinase resistant penicillinInhibits peptidoglycan cross-

linking

Cycloserine

AntibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor

Secondary TB drugInhibits formation of Park

nucleotide

Dapsone

Sulfone antibioticNucleic acid and

protein synthesis inhibitor

Inhibits dihydropteroate synthetase

Leprosy

Doxycycline

Tetracycline antibioticBacteriostatic protein synthesis

inhibitor

30S ribosomePrevents aminoacyl tRNA attachment

Erythromycin

Macrolide antibioticBacteriostatic protein synthesis

inhibitor

50S ribosomeInhibits translocation

Ethambutol

Antibiotic

Major drug for tuberculosis

Ethionamide

Antibiotic

Secondary drug for tuberculosis

Fluorinated Quinolonesciprofloxacin, norfloxacin

AntibioticsDNA replication inhibitors

Inhibit bacterial DNA gyrase

Gentamicin

Aminoglycoside antibioticbactericidal protein synthesis inhibitor

30S ribosomeFreezes initiation

Imipenem/Cilastatin

New lactam antibiotic

Cilastatin inhibits akidney dipeptidase that inactivates imipenem

Isoniazid

Antibiotic

Inhibits biosynthesis of mycolic acids

Major drug for tuberculosis

Linezolid

Oxazolidinone antibioticProtein synthesis inhibitor

50S ribosomal subunit

Macrolideserythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin

AntibioticsBacteriostatic protein synthesis

inhibitors

50S ribosome

Methicillin

Penicillin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor

Pencillinase resistant penicillin Inhibits peptidoglycan cross-

linking

Metronidazole

AntibioticAntiparasitic

Antiulcer

AnaerobesReduction leads to intermediates

that damage DNA

Minocycline

Tetracycline antibioticBacteriostatic protein synthesis

inhibitor

30S ribosomePrevents aminoacyl tRNA attachment

Nafcillin

Penicillin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor

Penicillinase resistant penicillinInhibits peptidoglycan cross-

linking

Neomycin

Aminoglycoside antibioticBactericidal protein synthesis

inhibitor

30S ribosomeFreezes initiation

Topical

Netilmicin

Aminoglycoside antibioticBactericidal protein synthesis

inhibitor

30S ribosomeFreezes initiation

Norfloxacin

Fluoroquinolone antibioticDNA replication inhibitor

Inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase

Nystatin

AntifungalPolyene antibiotic

Binds to ergosterol & alters permeability

Topical

Oxacillin

Penicillin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor

Pencillinase resistant penicillinInhibits peptidoglycan cross-

linking

Oxytetracycline

Tetracycline antibioticBacteriostatic protein synthesis

inhibitor

30S ribosomePrevents aminoacyl tRNA attachment

Para-aminosalicylic acid

AntibioticNucleic acid and

protein synthesis inhibitor

Inhibits dihydropteroate synthetase

Secondary TB drug

Penicillins

lactam antibioticsCell wall synthesis inhibitors

Inhibit cross-linking of peptidoglycan

Penicillin G

Penicillin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor

Acid labileInhibits peptidoglycan cross-

linking

Penicillin V

Penicillin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor

More acid resistant than Penicillin G

Inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking

Piperacillin

Penicillin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor

Anti-pseudomonal penicillinInhibits peptidoglycan cross-

linking

Polymyxin B

AntibioticDisrupts gram negative cell

membrane

Binds phosphatidylethanolamineBactericidal

Procaine Penicillin G

Penicillin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor

Repository preparationInhibits peptidoglycan cross-

linking

Pyrazinamide

Antibiotic

Major drug for tuberculosis

Rifampin

AntibioticNucleic acid synthesis inhibitor

Inhibits DNA dependent RNA polymerase

Major drug for TB

Silver sulfadiazine

Sulfonamide antibioticMicrobial nucleic acid

and protein synthesis inhibitor

Inhibits dihydropteroate synthetase

Topical

Spectinomycin

AntibioticBacteriostatic protein synthesis

inhibitor

30S ribosome

Streptomycin

Aminoglycoside antibioticBactericidal protein synthesis

inhibitor

30S ribosomeFreezes initiation

Sulfacetamide

Sulfonamide antibioticMicrobial nucleic acid

and protein synthesis inhibitor

Inhibits dihydropteroate synthetase

Topical

Sulfadoxine

Sulfonamide antibioticMicrobial nucleic acid

and protein synthesis inhibitor

Dihydropteroate synthetase inhibitor

Sulfamethoxazole

Sulfonamide antibioticMicrobial nucleic acid

and protein synthesis inhibitor

Inhibits dihydropteroate synthetase

Sulfisoxazole

Sulfonamide antibioticNucleic acid and

protein synthesis inhibitor

Inhibits dihydropteroate synthetase

Sulfonamides

AntibioticsNucleic acid and

protein synthesis inhibitors

Inhibit dihydropteroate synthetase

Tetracycline

AntibioticBacteriostatic protein synthesis

inhibitor Antiulcer

30S ribosomePrevents aminoacyl tRNA attachment

Ticarcillin

Penicillin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor

Anti-pseudomonal penicillinInhibits peptidoglycan cross-

linking

Tobramycin

Aminoglycoside antibioticBactericidal protein synthesis

inhibitor

30S ribosomeFreezes initiation

Trimethoprim

AntibioticProtein and nucleic acid

synthesis inhibitor

Inhibits bacterial dihydrofolate reductase

Trimetrexate

Antibiotic

Folic acid antagonist Treatment for Pneumocystis

carinii

Vancomycin

AntibioticInhibits cell wall synthesis

Not a lactam