©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers

1819–1832

CHAPTER 11

EXPANDING WESTWARD: SOCIETY AND POLITICS IN THE

“AGE OF THE COMMON MAN”

CREATED EQUAL

JONES WOOD MAY BORSTELMANN RUIZ

©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers

“I believed it was a wicked, unjust measure, and that I should go against it, let the cost to myself be what it might.”

Davy Crockett, on his vote opposing the Indian removal policy

©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers

TIMELINE1819 Spain cedes East Florida to the U.S.

McCulloch v. Maryland1819 Depression begins1820 Missouri Compromise

Land Act of 18201823 Monroe Doctrine1824 John Quincy Adams elected President

Russo-American Treaty1827 Cherokee written constitution1828 Andrew Jackson elected President

©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers

TIMELINE continued1830 Church of the Latter Day Saints established1831 New York bans debtors prison1832 Nullification Proclamation

Jackson reelected

©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers

THE RISE OF THE WEST Overview

The Politics Behind Western ExpansionFederal Authority and Its OpponentsReal People in the “Age of the Common Man”Ties that Bound a Growing Population

©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers

THE POLITICS BEHIND WESTERN EXPANSION

The Missouri CompromiseWays WestThe Panic of 1819 and the Plight of

Western DebtorsThe Monroe DoctrineAndrew Jackson’s Rise to Power

©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers

The Missouri CompromiseProposals

Tallmadge Amendment: favored CongressPinckney: favored states’ rights

The CompromiseMissouri joins Union as slave stateMaine joins Union as a free stateIn future, slavery prohibited from north Louisiana

Purchase (north of present day Missouri and Kansas)

©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers

The Missouri Compromise

©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers

Ways WestLand Act of 1820: minimum of 80 acres at $1.25

acreEncouraged European Americans to move west

Southern migration across the Appalachians By 1832, Tennessee, Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi,

Florida become the largest cotton producersThe new planter elite

Austin, and the Texians

©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers

The Panic of 1819 and the Plight of Western Debtors

The Second Bank of the U.S. granted charter in 1816Regulation of “wildcat” banks effects western

farmers with foreclosures, farm equipment confiscated

Panic, followed by depression1831: New York passes law banning debtors’ prisonDavy Crockett and the system of bankruptcy

auctions

©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers

The Monroe DoctrineFeeling threatened by Russian and the

monarchies of Europe, President Monroe and John Quincy Adams formulate the statement that no foreign nations would be allowed to intervene in the Western Hemisphere

Russo-American Treaty of 1824: Russia pulls back to the area north of present day Alaskan panhandle

©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers

Andrew Jackson’s Rise to Power

Presidential Election of 1824: 3 candidates with no majorityRepresentative Henry Clay: withdraws from race,

promising Jackson supportSecretary of State John Q. Adams: names Clay

secretary of stateSenator Andrew Jackson: charges Adams of corruption

Jackson wins overwhelming victory in 1828

©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers

The Election of 1828Insert Table 11.3

©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers

FEDERAL AUTHORITY AND ITS OPPONENTS

Judicial Federalism and the Limits of LawThe “Tariff of Abominations”The “Monster Bank”

©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers

Judicial Federalism and the Limits of Law

Chief Justice John Marshall: Limiting states powerMcCulloch v. MarylandCohens v. VirginiaCherokee Nation v. Georgia and Worcester v.

GeorgiaThe Indian Removal Act

©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers

The “Tariff of Abominations”A higher tariff on English goods effects

Southern cotton planters who named the new tariff an “Abomination”

South Carolina evokes state sovereignty and nulls and voids the tariff

Jackson’s Nullification Proclamation of 1832:States cannot nullify federal laws or secede from

the Union

©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers

The “Monster Bank”Jackson vetoes the renewal of the Second Bank of

the United States advocating hard money and opposing large commercial institutions

Congress and Sen. Clay oppose the veto citing the necessity of the bank for the Union’s financial future

Election of 1832: Clay challenges Jackson, but a third party, the Anti-Masonics draw votes from Clay and lead to Jackson victory

©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers

REAL PEOPLE IN THE “AGE OF THE COMMON MAN”

Wards, Workers, and Warriors: Native Americans

Slaves and Free People of ColorLegal and Economic Dependence: The

Plight of Women

©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers

Wards, Workers, and Warriors: Native AmericansNative Americans respond to the encroachment of white

settlers, hostility from Congress and the loss of land Farming and adopting the white ways: Spanish missionaries convert Indians and force them to work

Sequoyah and the Cherokee Phoenix (1828)Revolt and attack:

1826 and 1827: Winnebagos attack in Wisconsin1829: Coalition of tribes formed1832: U.S. soldiers massacre 300 at Bad Axe River

©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers

Slaves and Free People of Color

New Jersey, Connecticut, New York, Pennsylvania revoke the vote for black men

Walker’s Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World: integrate

Maria Stewart, “Knowledge is Power”American Colonization Society and the founding of

MonroviaNat Turner and the slave revolt in Virginia…and the white

response of strengthening slavery’s hold on the South

©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers

Legal and Economic Dependence: The Plight of Women

Prosperous Northeast and Mid-Atlantic states: women as consumers

Spanish settlements: household productionIndian women: collective workersNew England textile machine operatorsNew York home needleworkersEmma Willard and Catharine Beecher females schools

1832: Elizabeth Cady graduates from Troy Female Seminary

©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers

TIES THAT BOUND A GROWING POPULATION

New Visions of Religious FaithLiterate and Literary in America

©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers

New Visions of Religious Faith

White Cloud, Winnebago prophetSecond Great Awakening: religious revivals

Rev. Finney: the connection of the spiritual life to politics

The revival of the primitive Christian1830: The Church of the Latter Day Saints

(Mormons)

©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers

Literate and Literary in America

1828: Sarah Hale and the Ladies MagazineMotherhood, piety, and self-sacrifice

Regional historiesIrving, Rip Van Winkle, Legend of Sleepy HollowCooper, Last of the Mohicans

American VictorianismSignificance of the individualFreedom of advancementWork is noble