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2004 SPRING SIW
XMSF Exemplars in Analytic Combat ModelingPaper: 04SPaper: 04S--SIWSIW--142142
Curtis BlaisCurtis Blais
2004 SPRING SIW
ObjectiveExamine how Extensible Modeling and Simulation Framework (XMSF) principles relating to Open Standards and Web technologies can be applied to existing and emerging military analytical models.
2004 SPRING SIW
OutlineExtensible Modeling and Simulation Framework Military Analytical ModelingXMSF ExemplarsXMSF Profiles– Levels of Conceptual Interoperability– XMSF Profile Approaches
Elementary XMSF Profile ApproachProfiling the ExemplarsWhat Have We Learned?Future Work
2004 SPRING SIW
http://www.MovesInstitute.org/xmsf
Extensible Modeling and Simulation Framework (XMSF)A composable set of standards, profiles, and recommended practices for Web-based M&S
Foundational precepts: Internet technologies, Extensible Markup Language (XML)-based languages, and service-oriented architectures (e.g., Web services for all manner of M&S) for simple messaging; common ontologies for semantics
Enable a new generation of distributed M&S applications to emerge, develop, interoperate
2004 SPRING SIW
Military Analytical Models
Application of Analytical Models
Acquisition Operations- Force Structure- Weapon Systems- Cost Analyses
-Tactical Decision Aid
- Mission PlanningOPNAV N81 World-Class
Modeling
OPNAV N81 World-Class
Modeling
DMSO Flexible Asymmetric Simulation
Technologies
DMSO Flexible Asymmetric Simulation
Technologies
2004 SPRING SIW
XMSF ExemplarsOPNAV N81 World-Class Modeling (WCM) ProjectDMSO Flexible Asymmetric Simulation Technologies (FAST) Operations Other Than War (OOTW) Toolbox
2004 SPRING SIW
WCM ProjectProof of concept for XMSF – create enhanced analytical modeling capability by bringing together existing/emerging analytical models in the Naval warfare and Land warfare domains– Naval Simulation System (NSS)– Combined Arms Analysis Tool for the 21st Century (COMBATXXI)– Simkit discrete event simulation Application Program Interface
(API)Technology tasking: Web services and data modeling plus creation of Analytical Workbench (Viskit)Analysis tasking: Design/develop scenarios for analysis questions of interest, prepare demonstrations of analysis capabilities, and support Operations Research thesis work
2004 SPRING SIW
Web Services and Data Modeling
Visual modeling tooland model repository
2004 SPRING SIW
New Analytic AgendaQuadrennial Defense Review 2001:(Capabilities-Based Planning) “shifts the focus
of U.S. force planning from optimizing for conflicts in two particular regions --Northeast and Southwest Asia -- to building a portfolio of capabilities that is robust across the spectrum of possible force requirements, both functional and geographical.”
Source: OSD (PA&E)
2004 SPRING SIWOSD New Analytic Agenda:New Ways of Performing Analysis
Scenarios
War Games
Investment Decisions for Long-Range S&T
Combat Development
Capabilities-Based Future Force Planning
Service/Agency POM Development
Studies•Program/Budget Review•DPG-directed•Analyses of Alternatives
Future Requirements
AnalyticAgenda
The Defense Planning Scenarios are how the Secretary tells the Department what kinds of wars he wants to be able to fight, and what other operations he wants to be able to conduct, in the future
Source: OSD (PA&E)
2004 SPRING SIW
Meeting the OSD’s New Analytical AgendaRequires M&S tools that are:
– Flexible– Extensible– Multi-resolution– Re-usable– Desk top executable– Convenient to use– Able to use best methods in field– Able to model future concepts
World-Class Modeling (WCM): Transformation of Modeling and Simulation
2004 SPRING SIW
World-Class Modeling (WCM): Create a Marketplace of Analytical Modeling Capabilities
Post framework and M&S systemProvide free copies to all DoD agencies interestedHarvest methods from legacy modelsGuide development of new models– Keep them small– Open standards– Build on previous work
2004 SPRING SIW
FAST OOTW Toolbox ProjectIntegration of various models, simulations, data bases and computational tools into a deployable package (laptop) for OOTW mission planningCurrent Components:– Toolbox Controller– Unit Order of Battle Data Access Tool (UOB DAT)– Joint Conflict and Tactical Simulation (JCATS)– Diplomatic and Military Operations in a Non-warfighting
Domain (DIAMOND)– Interim Static Stability Model (ISSM)– Canadian Forces Landmine Database (CFLD)– XPOD Manipulation Tool (XMT)
2004 SPRING SIW
FAST OOTW Toolkit Concept
2004 SPRING SIW
XMSF ProfilesFormal technical specifications for application of interoperable web based technologies to enable composable and reusable M&S, and to facilitate enterprise integration
Specification of XMSF: a collection of profiles detailing how to interoperate with XMSF compliant systems
Subject of XMSF Profile Study Group– Chair: Dr. Katherine Morse– Meeting Spring SIW on Thursday 0800-1200 Regency D– Participants needed to:
• Define processes and profiles• Provide exemplars for profiling• Create organizational structure
2004 SPRING SIW
XMSF Profile ObjectivesProvide unambiguous specification of the functionality of components, and interfaces among components of the framework Ensure interoperability between existing and new web enabled technologies, both within M&S and in related domains Provide the necessary metadata to facilitate composability and reuse of components across multiple M&S application domains Facilitate development of new applications and services that are functionally interchangeable with existing applications and services Enable development of new applications and services that readily extend functionality for continuous evolution of capabilities
2004 SPRING SIW
XMSF Profile Approach and BenefitsAt the macro level, an XMSF Profile will consist of:– Applicable web technologies and protocol standards– Applicable data and metadata standards– Recommendations and guidelines for implementation
Association of an XMSF Profile to an application:– Informs M&S community of capabilities and limitations of
the implementation– Informs M&S community (developers and integrators) of
interoperability opportunities and techniques with respect to that application
– Enables assessment of approach and level of effort to upgrade implementation to enhanced levels of interoperability
Subject of 04S-SIW-142 Not addressed
2004 SPRING SIW
Levels of Conceptual Interoperability
Common world-view establishedLevel 5, Conceptual
Information and its use and applicability are exchanged
LCIM Level 4, Pragmatic/Dynamic
Data in context (information) is exchanged
LCIM Level 3, Semantic
Data exchangeable in standard formatsLCIM Level 2, Syntactic
Physical connectivity establishedLCIM Level 1, Technical
No interoperability intendedLCIM Level 0, No Connection
LCIM: Levels of Conceptual Interoperability Model; refer to A. Tolk, 04S-SIW-009
2004 SPRING SIW
XMSF Profile ApproachesCharacteristics of an XMSF Application:– Use of Standards– Composable and Extensible– Web Technologies– Distributed– Non-proprietary– Usable by human and
software agents– Defined vocabularies– Engineering methodology– Security– Grouping/sequencing
Profile Space Dimensions:– Computation– Networking– Presentation– Modeling (and data
representation)– Messaging– Semantics– Security– Management
2004 SPRING SIW
Web Community CharacterizationsWeb Services StackSemantic Web StackSemantic Web Services StackWeb Services Security Stack
Others: Semantic Grid, Semantic Grid Services
2004 SPRING SIW
SECURITY
CommunicationsHTTP, SMTP, FTP, JMS, IIOP, …
MANAGEMENT
ProcessesDiscovery, Aggregation, Choreography, …
DescriptionsWeb Services Descriptions (WSDL)
Messages
SOAP
Web Services Stack
SOAP ExtensionsReliability, Correlation, Transactions, …
From: World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), “Web Services Architecture”
2004 SPRING SIW
Semantic Web Stack
See I. Herman presentation at http://www.w3.org/2003/Talks/0624-BrusselsSW-IH/26.html
2004 SPRING SIW
Semantic Web Services StackOWL, OWL-S,
OWL-Rules Service Entities, Relations, Rules
RDF/S Service Instances
BPEL4WS (Business Process Execution Language for Web
Services)
Service Flow & Composition
Trading Partner Agreement Service Agreement
UDDI/WS Inspection
Service Discovery (focused & unfocused)
UDDI Service Publication
WSDL Service Description
WS Security Secure Messaging
SOAP XML Messaging
HTTP, FTP, SMTP, MQ, RMI over IIOP Transport
2004 SPRING SIW
OWL, OWL-S, OWL-Rules
Service Entities, Relations, Rules
RDF/S Service Instances
BPEL4WS (Business Process Execution Language for Web
Services)
Service Flow & Composition
Trading Partner Agreement Service Agreement
UDDI/WS Inspection
Service Discovery (focused & unfocused)
UDDI Service Publication
WSDL Service Description
WS Security Secure Messaging
SOAP XML Messaging
HTTP, FTP, SMTP, MQ, RMI over IIOP Transport
From: L. Obrst, “Ontologies for Semantically Interoperable Systems” and C. Bussler, et. al., “A Conceptual Architecture for Semantic Web Enables Web Services”
2004 SPRING SIW
XML Digital SignatureXML Encryption
SOAP WSDL
WS-Security
WS-Policy WS-Trust WS-Privacy
WS-SecureConversation
WS-Federation
WS-Authorization
Web Services Security Stack
Adapted from several sources: refer to paper 04S-SIW-142
2004 SPRING SIW
Elementary XMSF Profile Approach
*Identified separately since the Security implementation can enable/disable/modify Semantic Web Services layers in an application.
Identify security implementation standards from the Web Services Security Stack
Security Profile*
Identify Web technologies from the Semantic Web Services Stack
Implementation Profile
Assess the Level of Conceptual Interoperability (LCIM)
Interoperability Profile
2004 SPRING SIW
XMSF Profile for N81 WCM Project (before)
NoneUsername/Passwordauthenticationto server
NoneSecurity Profile
- Datarepresentation
NoneNoneImplementation Profile- XML
LCIM L2Syntactic(HLA)
LCIM L2Syntactic(HLA)
LCIM L0No connection
Interoperability Profile
COMBATXXINSSSimkitXMSF Profile
2004 SPRING SIW
NoneUsername/Passwordauthenticationto server
NoneSecurity Profile
LCIM L3Semantic2
LCIM L3Semantic2
LCIM L4Pragmatic/Dynamic1
Interoperability Profile
COMBATXXINSSSimkitXMSF Profile
XMSF Profile for N81 WCM Project (after): Interoperability and Security Profiles
1- Modeling formalism through Event Graph tool2- Common data model (e.g., C2IEDM)
2004 SPRING SIW
Viskit
2004 SPRING SIW
DatarepresentationMessaging
DatarepresentationMessaging
Modeling
Messaging
Servicedescription
Service registration and discovery
ImplementationProfile- XML
- SOAP
- WSDL
- UDDI
COMBATXXINSSSimkitXMSF Profile
XMSF Profile for N81 WCM Project (after): Implementation Profile
2004 SPRING SIW
XMSF Profile for FAST Project-1
NoneXML data representation
LCIM L2Syntactic
DIAMOND
NoneXML data representation
LCIM L2Syntactic
UOB DAT
NoneNoneLCIM L0No connection
ToolboxController
Security Profile
ImplementationProfile
InteroperabilityProfile
FAST Component
2004 SPRING SIW
XMSF Profile for FAST Project-2
NoneHTTP/HTMLLCIM L1Technical
CFLD
NoneXML datatransformations
LCIM L2Syntactic
XMT
NoneNoneLCIM L0No connection
ISSM
NoneNoneLCIM L2Syntactic
JCATS
Security Profile
ImplementationProfile
InteroperabilityProfile
FAST Component
2004 SPRING SIW
What Have We Learned?
There are numerous approaches to characterizing XMSF Profiles – even the elementary approach communicates useful information about subject applicationsWeb standards and technologies are rapidly evolving – characterizations need to be agileThis initial effort is subjective – is it possible for applications to be “profiled” rigorously by automated tools?
2004 SPRING SIW
Future WorkContinue to explore practical approaches to defining/describing XMSF ProfilesFormulate recommendations and guidelines for implementation of XMSF Profiles
Participate in the SISO XMSF Profile Study Group!!
2004 SPRING SIW
QUESTIONS?For more information, contact:
Curtis BlaisMOVES Institute
Naval Postgraduate SchoolMonterey, CA831-656-3215
2004 SPRING SIW
Backup Slides
2004 SPRING SIW
Current OOTW Support by FAST ToolboxOperations Decision Support
– COA Analysis– Situational Awareness
Analysis– Deliberate Planning– Crisis Action Planning– Force Structure Analysis– Acquisition Analysis
Training– Pre-mission– Mission Rehearsal– Other In-theater
The toolbox isloaded on a singlelaptop computer
2004 SPRING SIWReliability and Speed:
XML TechnologyExtensible Markup Language (XML) provides the language that can define all of the parts of the tool data, including the DataInterchange Format (DIF) for files
XML Populated DIF (XPOD) provides data files with validated formats– Improves reliability & reduces error
rates in tool use– Supports automated data transfer– Provides decreased human
processing time
XML technology is transparent to
the user
</ForceStructureInformation> - <Relationships> - <Relationship type="Operational Control"> - <Assigned> - <UnitNode UIC="WAKNAA"> <UnitNode UIC="WAKNFT" /> <UnitNode UIC="WAKNAO" /> <UnitNode UIC="WAKNTO" /> <UnitNode UIC="WAKNCO" /> <UnitNode UIC="WAKNBO" /> </UnitNode>
2004 SPRING SIW
Bringing It All Together: the ControllerUnifies the FAST ToolboxProvides – Central launch point for tools– Links to related OOTW web sites– Repository for tool data and
associated documents– Tool meta-data (i.e., data about the data)
User friendlyReduces operator learning curve
2004 SPRING SIW
Simplified File Conversion: the XMTXPOD Manipulation Tool (XMT) extracts data from C4I system format– Ingest process of data into toolbox enables updates to force data
Supports modification of scenario data– Enables semi-automated scenario
updates– Supports use of “warm”
databases
Retains common data formatUser friendlyReduces time over manual processing
2004 SPRING SIWUnit Order of Battle (UOB)
Supplies authoritative force data
Supports use of C4I extract data– Imports & exports data in XML
for use by Toolbox models/applications
– Provides data for FAST ForceStructure DIF
Provides force tailoring, aggregation, comparison, & other force data manipulation supportUser friendlyReduces time over manual processes
2004 SPRING SIW
Joint Conflict and Tactical Simulation (JCATS)
High resolution, stochastic model for training and mission rehearsalCan support OOTW analysis at the tactical level– Represents many, but not all, OOTW functions– Combat-like actions within MOOTW (e.g., peace enforcement, counter-
insurgency)– Logistics and transportation actions
complements OOTW low resolutionmodels (e.g., DIAMOND)
– Models down to the individual level
Supports data output and analysisRuns interactively and in batch modeSophisticated Tool– Requires dedicated support due to high-level skill set to use
2004 SPRING SIWDiplomatic and Military Operations in a Non-warfighting
Domain-US (DIAMOND-US)Low resolution, stochastic model for OOTW analysis at the operational and tactical levels of war– Peace support, humanitarian & gross combat
actions– Represents most, but not all, OOTW
functions– Logistics and transportation actions– Division down to the battalion level or lower
Supports data output and analysisRuns interactively and in batch modeSemi-sophisticated Tool– Requires moderate to high-level skill set to use
2004 SPRING SIW Interim Static Stability Model (ISSM)
to 3283
to 3780
to 4187
to 4688
to 2282
to 386
to 1089
to 5692
Human rightsare protected
35
Police aredistinct fromthe military
45
Prison structureis adequate
49
Drug cultivationis not a problem
65Drug manufactureis not a problem
66Drug transshipment
is not a problem
67
Organized crimeis not a problem
69Common crimeis not a problem
73
Drug useis not a problem
72
Justice
to 5276
to 3078
to 3777
to 875
Armed forces arewell structured
4
Competing groupsresolve differences
11
Opposition partydoes not
espouse force
59
There haven'tbeen any
paramilitary forces
60There haven't been
any regime-sponsored,non-military armed forces
61
There are nofactional disputes
74
Conflict
to 3100
to 36101
Water distributioninfrastructureis sufficient
58
Needs
to 1118
to 29120
to 8119
to 42116
to 52117
International mediahave open access to
the reporting of events
38Government does not
control domestic media'sreporting of events
28Education
infrastructureis adequate
20
People's spiritualneeds are met
44Education system
is structuredtoward jobs
21
Misc
Basic naturalresource management
is in place
5
People perceivethat their interestsare represented
43
to 10106
to 29107
to 41108
to 52109
to 22110
to 32104
to 42105
Property ownershipissues are resolved
50
Stress migrationis not present
54
There are noexpatriates
62
There is nodisplacedpopulation
63
Movement
to 1893
to 2695
to 4294
to 1996
to 3297
to 4798
to 4899
Foreigninvestmentis available
27
Economyto 34113Core
to 1112
to 39114
to 53115
There areno migrants
64
to 4679
to 36111
to 18103
to 46102
to 2985
to 4284
to 5281
Financialsystemis solid
71
to 1590
to 2591
Opposition partydoesn't attempt todominate by force
40
Government-runmilitary is effective
31
Regime-sponsored,non-military armed forces
are demobilized
51
Paramilitary forcesare not present
41
Demobilized armedforces are
integrated into society
16
Disarmamentis effective
17
Healthrequirements
are met
33
Potable wateris sufficient
48
Food issufficient
26
Healthinfrastructureis adequate
32
Housing stockis sufficient
34
Expatriots returnto country
24
Population is notforced to move
46
Changes in populationcomposition improve
outlook
7
Population isfree to move
47
Displaced populationdecreases
18
Migrants leavecountry
39
Energy supplyand distributionare sufficient
23
Agricultural systemis productive
3
Telecominfrastructure
is in place
55
Critical industriesare sound
15
Tourism industryis robust
56
Financial systemis sufficient
25
Efficient marketsare in place
22
Acceptable jobsare available
1
Transportationinfrastructure
is in place
57
Commercial sectorcontributes to
national welfare
10
Civil (internal) unrestis not present
8
Safe and secureenvironment is
perceived
52Immediate needs
of the peopleare satisfied
36
Government hasdomestic legitimacy
29 People aretolerant of the
status quo
42
Institutions ofgovernance areeffective and fair
37
Economy issound
19
Civil stability anddurable peace exists
9
Crime is nota problem
70
Corruption insocial servicesis not rampant
14
Corruption incentral authorityis not rampant
12
Administration ofjustice is effective
and fair
2
Central authorityis effective
6
Government policeforce is effective
against crime
30
Corruption inlaw enforcementis not rampant
13
Social servicesare adequate
53
Drug crimeis not a problem
68
Date 12/01/02 Scenario Name:
"Neutral" Value Variable SectorLow High Value
-4.00 4.00 .50 - 1.00 2.25 Output:
-3.00 3.00 0.00 2.00 Input:-3.00 3.00 0.00 0.00-3.00 3.00 1.00 -1.00-3.00 3.00 1.00 0.00
-3.00 3.00 1.00 0.00
-3.00 3.00 0.00 -1.00-3.00 3.00 0.00 2.00-3.00 3.00 0.00 0.00-3.00 3.00 0.00 2.00-3.00 3.00 0.00 1.00-3.00 3.00 0.00 0.00-3.00 3.00 1.00 -2.00-3.00 3.00 1.00 -1.00-3.00 3.00 1.00 0.00-3.00 3.00 0.00 3.00-3.00 3.00 0.00 3.00-3.00 3.00 0.00 -1.00-3.00 3.00 0.00 2.00-3.00 3.00 0.00 1.00-3.00 3.00 0.00 2.00
-3.00 3.00 0.00 2.00
-3.00 3.00 0.00 1.00
-3.00 3.00 0.00 2.00-3.00 3.00 0.00 -1.00-3.00 3.00 1.00 0.00-3.00 3.00 1.00 2.00-3.00 3.00 1.00 1.00-3.00 3.00 1.00 1.00-3.00 3.00 0.00 2.00
-3.00 3.00 0.00 2.00
Basic natural resource management is in place
Water distribution infrastructure is sufficientNeeds
Iraq - Immediately Post War
There are no migrants
Movement
Property ownership issues are resolvedStress migration is not presentThere are no expatriatesThere is no displaced population
People perceive that their interests are representedPeople's spiritual needs are met
Misc
Education infrastructure is adequateEducational system is tailored toward jobsGovernment does not control domestic media's reporting of eventsInternational media have open access to the reporting of events
Common crime is not a problem
Justice
Foreign investment is availableFinancial system is solidHuman rights are protectedPolice are distinct from the militaryPrison structure is adequateDrug cultivation is not a problemDrug manufacture is not a problemDrug transshipment is not a problemDrug use is not a problemOrganized crime is not a problem
Range
Economy
Conflict
Armed forces are well structuredCompeting groups resolve differencesOpposition party does not espouse forceThere haven't been any paramilitary forces
There haven't been any regime-sponsored, non-military armed forcesThere are no factional disputes
Civil stability and durable peace exists
Stability & Peace Plus Core Values
-4.00
-3.00
-2.00
-1.00
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
12/25/01 2/13/02 4/4/02 5/24/02 7/13/02 9/1/02 10/21/02 12/10/02 1/29/03
Date
Stab
ility
Val
ue
uppermiddlelowerStability & peaceNo civil unrestEconomy is soundGovernment has domestic legitimacyPeople's immediate needs are metGovernment is effective and fairPeople tolerate the status quoPeople feel safe and secure
Supports OOTW analysis at the operational & strategic levels– Depicts peace support and humanitarian results– Provides static view of current and past situation in terms of peace and
stability – Represents most, but not all, OOTW functions
Supports data output and analysis– Data can be used in consonance
with other analytical tools(e.g., DIAMOND)
Runs interactivelyUnsophisticated tool – Requires Excel expertise
and is user friendly
2004 SPRING SIW
Canadian Forces Landmine Database (CFLD)Supports MOOTW training and operational employment at the tactical level– Designed for individual soldier
Pictorial and textual data on 350 landminesAllows cross referencing search of database by description or country of origin or use
Runs interactivelyUnsophisticated tool – Basic design and is user friendly
