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Linux ö�XÚ¦^
o¬¬
2005c 6�
¥I�� �N�(�ïÄ¿
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 1
SN• 1�ÙVã
• 1�ÙXÚ�$1
• 1nÙ©�Ú8¹
• 1oÙ shellÄ:• 1ÊÙ vim• 18Ù?§
• 1ÔÙ Linuxóä• 1lÙ?Èì
• N¹�ä©�
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 2
1�ÙVã• £ã Linux�uÐÚCz• 0� Linuxö�XÚ�Ì�|¤Ü©
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 3
Linux A:• õ?Ö!õ^r�ö�XÚ
• õU´L��*Ð!m��O��¸
• �?§ shell
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 4
Linux �Ì�|�• SØ
• �¸
• ©�(�
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 5
shell• LinuxÚ^r�.¡• A«~�� Shell
• Korn• Bourne• C
• "�� Shell —- Bash• ·-)ºì
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 6
1�ÙXÚ�$1• �¹9òÑXÚ
• ?U�è
• Linux�·-(�
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 7
�¹9òÑXÚ• �/�¹µ©�½ X .¡• �§�¹µssh½ telnet
• ssh team01@HostIPteam01@HostIP’s password: ******
• telnet HostIPLogin: team01Password: ******
• òÑXÚµexit½ ctrl+d
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 8
�è• Mï½öUC�èµ3XÚJ«ÎeÑ\ passwd$passwdteam01’s old password:team01’s new password:Enter the new password again:
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 9
·-��ª$command options argumentsFor Example :$mail -f newmail
�( �Ø
©l
$mail -f newmail $mail - f newmail^S
$mail -f newmail $mail newmail -fõëê
$who -m -u $who -m-u$who -mu $who -m u
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 10
�\·-• 3 shellJ«ÎeÑ\·-§,�U Enter�• shell£O���• XéØ�Ñ\�·-§¬w«�"&Eµ/Command not Found0
• X·-��§�3ù11��\/\0iÎÚUe Enter�§3e�1�/>0��XÑ\
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 11
���¯$�ª• <ctrl-c>µÊ�·-• <ctrl-d>µ(åDѽö©�• <ctrl-s>µ��Ê�ÑÑ• <ctrl-q>µ¡EÑÑ
• <ctrl-u>µÞØ1I±c�• <ctrl-k>µÞØ1I±��• <backspace>µÅ��Ø
• <ctrl-r>µ3±c�·-¥|¢
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 12
1nÙ©�Ú8¹• £ã Linux©�XÚ�(�• £ãØÓ�©��ª
• ©��ýé´»Ú�é´»
• Mï!íØÚ�Ñ´»
• E�!w«!�<!£Ä!íØÚë�©�
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 13
©�XÚ��g(�
/
home usr bin dev var etc tmp
team01 bin local
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 14
Linux ¥�IOXÚ8¹/ ©�XÚ(��å©:§¡��8¹
/home �¹^r�Ì8¹
/bin �¹¤k�IO�-Úóä§S
/usr �¹XÚ¤¦^�©�Ú�-
/usr/bin �¹¡�^r�·-Úóä§S
/usr/lib �¹?§�ó¥
/usr/local �¹�5SC�^�
/usr/doc �¹Linux©�
/usr/man �¹3��éÅ�ÏÃþ
/usr/sbin �¹XÚ+n�·-
/sbin �¹XÚ+nméXÚ�·-
/opt �¹�5SC�^�
/var �¹�C�©�§~Xe�©�
/dev �¹���©���
/etc �¹XÚ��©�Ú¤kÙ§XÚ©�
/cdroom 1�
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 15
©�XÚ�Vg• ©�XÚµ^�þkA½�ª��¡«�"
• ©�µ�;êâ���·¶�é�"
• 8¹µ�¹Nõ©��8��aAÏ©�"
• f8¹µ��¹3,��8¹¥�8¹§�¹f8¹�8¹¡�I8¹"
• ©�¶µ^5I£©��iÎG§��3��8¹©��¥"
• ´»¶µd//0iÎ(Ü3�å���½õ�©�¶�8Ü"§�½��©�3©�XÚ¥� �"
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 16
©�(�
ÃØ©�´��§S!©�!êâ¥!½´8¹§ö�XÚѬD�§e¡�(�µ
• -¢Ú!:£I !:¤µ3©�XÚ(�¥§�¹k'�A©�&E£©���!©�Ì!©����¤���P¹"
• -ê⵩��¢SSN"
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 17
Linux ©�¶¡• �¹���!���!êi!$!@!_• ��Ø�¹±eiε* ? > < / ; $ \’ "• ��ØU±/+0½ö/-0mÞ• «©���
• ��©�¶ 255
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 18
©��a.• ÊÏ©�
• 8¹©�
• ��©�µ/dev/tty1
• ë�©�µ��©�XÚ¥Ï�©��´»
• file©�¶µ�w©�a.
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 19
ÊÏ©�• �¡~5©�§�¹�«�Ý�iÎG"~Xµ&�!�wÚ��"
• ©�©�µd ASCIIiÎ�¤"• êâ©�µd5gA^§S�êi.Ú©�.êâ�¤"~Xµ>fL�!êâ¥�"
• ��1��?�§SµdÅì�-Úêâ�¤"
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 20
8¹©�• d¤é�/ I !:Ò/©�¶0�¤��L"|^8¹©��±�¤©�XÚ�©�ä/(�"
• I !:Ò´u¢ I !:L�eI§I !:��¤k©��G�&E
• ©�¶´���©�©��©�/ª�iÎG§^5I£©�"
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 21
´»�¶¡
a.µ
• ýé´»
• �é´»
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 22
8¹ö�·-
ls w«8¹¥�SN
pwd w«�cÚó�8¹
cd UC^ró�8¹
mkdir ïá^r8¹rmdir íØ8¹
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 23
�Ñ8¹SN·- lsls·-�Ñ��f8¹¥��Ü©�Ú8¹¶"§k 26�·-1ëê§e¡�Ñ5�´§�~^�A�"ùëê�±?¿/|ܦ^"
• -1z�=w«��©�½8¹¶¡• -aw«¤k©�½8¹§�)±/.0�¶¡mÞiÎ�©�!y18¹/.0�þ�8¹/..0
• -l ¦^�[�ª�L"ò��I«!M��ê8!Pkö�+|¶¡!©�½8¹��9�U�m�¿�Ñ
• -R48?n§ò�½8¹e�¤k©�9f8¹�¿?n
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 24
ls¦^��L�ª�Ñ,�f8¹¥��Ü©�§¦^e¡�·-µ[ root@glede /root ] $ ls -lat o t a l 16
drwxr−xr−x 4 r o o t r o o t 4096 Jan 1 11:28 .
drwxr−x−−− 11 r o o t r o o t 4096 Jan 1 11:27 . .
drwxr−xr−x 2 r o o t r o o t 4096 Jan 1 11:27 team011
drwxr−xr−x 2 r o o t r o o t 4096 Jan 1 11:28 team012
�Ñf8¹¥±i1 t�Þ��Ü�Ûõ©�§¦^e¡�·-µ[ root@glede /root ] $ ls t*
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 25
w«�có�8¹·- pwd§vkëê§ §����^Ò´w«�có�8¹�ýé´»�¶¡"$pwd/home/team01
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 26
UC^ró�8¹ cd• cd�-�±4^r3ØÓ�8¹m��§�T^r7Lkv���?\8�8¹
• cd [8¹¶]• cd ∼^r¶
• cd -µ�£?\ù�8¹�c¤3�8¹$pwd/home/eagle/tex/linux$cd ∼/phd$pwd/home/eagle/phd$cd -$pwd/home/eagle/tex/linux
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 27
ïá^r8¹·- mkdir• mkdir�ïá8¹Ó����8¹����"• mkdir [-p] [-m] [©�¶]
• -pe¤�ïá8¹�þ�8¹8cÿ�ïá§K¬�¿ïáþ�8¹
• -mïá8¹�§Ó���8¹���"�����{� chmod�-�Ó
• ïá8¹ team02§¿4�Ü<Ñk rwx���$lsteam01$mkdirõm 777 team02$lsteam01 team02
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 28
íØ8¹·- rmdir• �k�8¹�íØ�§�^ rmdir�-"e¤���8¹��8¹§K¬Ñy�Ø&E"
• rmdir [-p] [8¹¶]
• -píØ�½8¹��§eT8¹�þ�8¹®C¤�8¹§KòÙ�¿íØ
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 29
©�ö�·-
cp E�©�½8¹
mv £Ä©�Ú©��¶
rm íØ©�½8¹
ln 3©�mïáë�
find �éA½�©�
locate �éA½�©�which �w·-�´»touch UC©���mëê
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 30
E�©�½8¹·- cp• cp·-^5E�©�"3"���¹e§ù�·-ó���ÿØ�?Ûw«¶�k3Ñy���Ø�¹��ÿâw«G�&E"
• cp [ ©�¶] ,,[8I©�¶]
• cp -r [ 8¹¶] [8I8¹¶]
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 31
£Ä/·¶©�·- mv• mv·-^5r©�l�� �£Ä�,�� �,��±l��©«£Ä�,��©«"
• mv [ ©��L] [8I©�]
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 32
íØ©�½8¹ rm• rm [À�][©��L]• -ríØ©��L¥�8¹• -i �½�p�ª"3�1íØcJ«(@"• ©��LµF"íØ�^��©��©��L§�±�)8¹¶
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 33
3©�mïáë� ln• ln·-^5ïáMë�ÚÎÒë�"Më�´��©����¶i§vk ©�§Më�BØU�3" éuÎÒë�§��©��íØ�§ÎÒë�E,�3"
• ln [À�] ©�8I©�• ln [À�] ©��L8I8¹
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 34
ln• -sïá��ÎÒë� Ø´Më�• -dïá8¹�Më�• yk©� file1§file2�8¹ team01§�3
team02¥ïáåÎÒë�$ln -s /home/file1 /home/file2 /home/team01 team02
• � dir3´��8¹�ÎÒë�§y3ïáÙMë� dir4$ln -d dir3 dir4
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 35
�é©�·- findfind·-�±�â�«u¢^��é©�• find [´»,] [L�ª]• ´»,µO�Ïé©�¤3�´»±9§�f´»§��±´õ�´»"
• L�ªµ�¹�|¢©��^�§�±�¹©�¶!Pkö!��?U�m�"
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 36
find ~^ëê• -atime n�� n*24��Svk�¯L�©�• -ctime n�� n*24��Svk?UL�©�• -amin n n©¨�c�¯L�©�• -cmin n n©¨�c?UL�©�• -empty©���
• -name name�½�Ïé�©�½8¹�¶¡• -type xµ±©��a.��Ïé�^�"e x�/d0,KL«Ïé8¹¶x�/f0§L«ÏéÊÏ©�¶x�/c0,L«ÏéiÎAÏ��¶x�/b0,L«ÏéAϬ��¶x�/p0§L«Ïé·¶+�¶x�/l0,L«ÏéÎÒë�¶x�/s0§L«Ïé@�i"
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 37
find Þ~• XJ��é /homef8¹¥�� 7Uvk��¯L�©�§�¦^e¡�·-:$find /home -atime 7 -print
• XJ�éÑ /usr/srcf8¹¥¶i� core�©�¿íا�§�¦^e¡�·-µ$find /usr/src -name core -exec rm { } \;
• XJ�éÑ /home¥± .jpg(�¿��Ý�L 100K�©�§�¦^e¡�·-µ$find /home -name "*.jpg" -size 100k
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 38
locate/which• lê⥥|¢µlocate filename• �w·-�´»µwhich ls
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 39
UC©���mëê touch• UC©��¯Ú?U�m§½^�½�mïá#©�"
• touch [À�] MMDDhhmmYY ©��L• -a��U�¯�m• -ce8I©�Ø�3§Øïá��8I©�
Ø�ëê� touch·-ò©���mU��c�m$ l s
−rw−r−−r−− 1 r o o t r o o t 37350 Jan 27 2003 f i l e 1
$ touch f i l e 1
−rw−r−−r−− 1 r o o t r o o t 37350 Jan 1 16:15 f i l e 1
¦^À�-t��?U�m$touch −t 01201500 f i l e 1
−rw−r−−r−− 1 r o o t r o o t 37350 Jan 20 15:00 f i l e 1Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 40
©�w«·-
cat w«ÚÜ¿©�
more ©¶w«©�less ©¶w«©�
head w«©��cA1tail w«©����A1
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 41
w«ÚÜ¿©�·- cat�±(Üõ�©�§¿ò§��SNÑÑ�IOÑÑ��"cat [À�] [©��L]• -b�Ñ©�SN�§3¤k��x��mÞIþ?Ò§l 1m©\\
• -E3z�����Iþ/$0ÎÒ• -n�Ñ©�SN�§3z���mÞIþ?Ò§l 1m©\\
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 42
catÞ~4 cat�-lIOÑ\��£X��¤Ö�êâ§= ÑÑ�IOÑÑ��£Xw«ì¤
• $ cat�1�-§Ø\?Ûëê123�\?Û©i�§Ue£��123XÚ£A�����©i|^AÏiÎ/>0ò¶¡� file1� file2�©�Ü¿¤��©� file3µ
• $ cat file1 file2 > file3e©� file3®²�3§KÙSN¬�CXL�¶�;�ù«G¹u)§�^/> >0�O/>0§#�SNÒ¬N\3�kSN��§ جCX§"
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 43
©¶w«©�·- more• more�ò©�SNw«u¶4þ§zg�w«��"�± eèA§�Ã{�þèA,less�-�±þeèA"
• more [À�] [©�¶]• w«¥U v§�N^ vi ��?1?6
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 44
©¶w«©�·- more• -<1ê>�½zg�w«�1ê• +/<iÎG>3©�¥�éÀ�¥�½�iÎG§,�w«iÎG¤3T��SN
• +<1ê>l�½�1êm©w«• -nzg�w« n1• -cØE¶§3w«e�¶�ck�¶• 3©� file1¥�é/1230iÎG§,�lU�m©w«©��SNµ$more +/123 file1
• w«©� file1�SN§z 101w«�g§ �3w«�ck�¶"$more -c -10 file1
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 45
©¶w«©�·- less• aq more§�'more�r��õ• w«¥U v§�N^ vi ��?1?6
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 46
w«©��cA1·- head• 3¶4þw«�½©��mÞeZ1"%@�´ 101"
• head [À�] ©�¶• -c Nµw«c N�i!• -n Nµw«c N1
$head -5 file
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 47
w«©����A1·- tail• 3¶4þw«�½©��"�eZ1"%@�´ 101"
• tail [À�] ©�¶• -c Nµw«c N�i!• -n Nµw«c N1• +Nµl©�mÞ�1 N1m©w«
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 48
'�©�SN·-
comm '�ü�®üLS�©�
diff '�©���É
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 49
comm·-• ^5éü�®üLS�©�?1Å1'�
• comm [-123] file1 file2• -1Øw«�31��©�pÑy�1• -2Øw«�31��©�pÑy�1• -3Øw«31�!��©�pÑÑy�1
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 50
commfile1�SNXeµfile2�SNXeµ
main ( main (
{ {
p r i n t f ( " He l lo ! \ n " ) ; p r i n t f ( " Good ! \ n " ) ;
} }
^ comm·-éùü�©�?1'��w«§��k�1"
$comm −12 f i l e 1 f i l e 2
main (
{
}
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 51
diff ·-• '�ü�©�©�§¿w«§��ØÓ
• diff [À�] file1 file2• -cÑÑ�ª´�þe©�n1�ª• -C nÑÑ�ª´�þe©� n1�ª• -rü�©�Ñ´8¹�§48'�é���f8¹
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 52
diff• ÑÑ���/ªXeµ
n1 a n3,n4n1,n2 d n3n1,n2 c n3,n4
• a-N\§d-íاc-?U• file1�SNXeµfile2�SNXeµ
1main ( ) 1 main ( )
2{ 2 {
3 p r i n t f ( " He l lo ! \ n " ) ; 3 i n t n ,m;
4} 4 n =10;
5 5 p r i n t f ("%d \ n " ,m=n* 1 0 ) ;
6}
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 53
diffÑ\·-$diff file1 file2
3 ,5 c 3 ,6<3 p r i n t f ( " He l l o ! \ n " ) ;<4 }<5−−−
>3 i n t n ,m;>4 n =10;>5 p r i n t f ("%d \ n " ,m=n* 1 0 ) ;>6}
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 54
©���ö�
chmod UC©�½8¹�N���chown UC©��¤k�chgrp UC^r©|
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 55
©���oÚ��
rwx rwx rwxu s e r group o t h e r s
��ÊÏ©�• rµ�±�w©�SN• wµ�±?U©�SN• xµ�±�1©�
��´»
• rµ�±�w©�Ye�©�• wµ�±3©�YeMïÚíØ©�• xµ�±?\©�Y½ö�¯©�Ye�©�
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 56
��
user group othersÎÒ rwx rw- r–�?� 111 110 100l?� 7(4+2+1) 6(4+2+0) 4(4+0+0)
"��©���µfile -rw-r–r– 644directory drwxr-xr-x 755
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 57
UC©�á5·- chmod• ^5UC©�½8¹���
• chmod [À�] �ª©��L
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 58
UC©����• u :©�¤áár• g :©�¤á|
• o :Ù{ár• + :V\��• - : �Ø��• = :¦��½©��äkù��
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 59
chmod• ¦©� file3��?OPk¤k��
$chmod 777 file• #N¤k<Ö file§��kPköUUC§
$chmod 644 file• �¤k<O\��
$chmod a+w file• é|?ÚÙ¦^rØ���ÚÖ�
$chmod o-wr,g-wr file
• ïáÙ¦^r��Ö�$chmod o=r file
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 60
UC©��¤k�·- chown• chown·-�±r��©��¤k�?U�O<�"�k root^rU?1ù��ö�"
• chown [À�] ^r©��L• -v�[`²¤k��Cz• -r48UC8¹9ÙSN�¤k�
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 61
UC^r©|·- chgrp• chgrp·-�±UC��©��^r©|���¹
• chgrp [À�] ^r©��L
• -v�[`²©�¤á�^r|�Cz• -rUC�8¹9Ù¤kf8¹¥�©�¤á�^r|
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 62
1oÙ vi/vimü«�ªµ
• ·-�ªµl��þÑ\�?ÛiÎÑ���?6·-5)º§U<ESC>?\d�ª"
• Ñ\�ªµl��þÑ\�¤kiÎÑ��\��3?6��À«¥§����©§Ua!i!c!o�?\d�ª"
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 63
?\/òÑ vi• ?\ vi
vi vifile• òÑ vi
:q òÑ��?6L�©�
:q! r1òÑ vi:x ��òÑ vi:wq ��òÑ vi
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 64
©�Ñ\• �\·-µi Ú I• N\·-µaÚ A• #1·-µoÚ O
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 65
£Ä1I<up_arrow>↑
ctrl+P
<down_arrow>↓ctrl+N
<right-arrow>→Space
← <left-arrow>Backspace
+ j
- k
lh
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 66
1I£Ä• £�1ĵˆ!0• £�1�µ$• £��½1µ[1Ò] G½µ[1Ò] [Enter]• £��½�µ[�Ò] |
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 67
¶4·-• E¶·-µctrl+uÚ ctrl+d§©O�þÚ�eEÄ��I�
• ©�·-µctrl+fÚ ctrl+b§©O�cÚ��©�
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 68
©�íØ• íØiÎ
• x½ nxµl1I¤3� �íØ��½ n�iÎ
• X ½ nXµíØ1Ic���½ n�iΕ íØ©�é�
• ddµíØ1I¤3�1• DµíØl1I �m©�1�• dwµíØl1I ��Tc"�¤kiΕ d0µíØl1I �m©�1Ä• d5Gµò1I¤31�1 51íØ• dGµò1I¤31�©�"�íØ
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 69
?U·-• O���iε·-�ªeU r• O��11IÑiα��µ·-�ªeU R• O�K1I?iοV\µ·-�ªeU c• ?U1I���1�µ·-�ªeU C• ���=�µ·-�ªeU ∼
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 70
|¢ÚO�·-• |¢µ/¤�|¢�SN• O�µ%s/O�c/O��/g
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 71
E�ÚE·-• uµe�\�^d·-§ÒíØf�\��©¶eíØ�^§§K�\fíØ��©"
• Uµr�c1¡E¤§�?6�c�G�• .µE¢yfâ��\·-½íØ·-
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 72
���ڽJ�
?\ vi �\ vi ¿U£��Ñ\�ª U<a>½ö<i>Ñ\©� ò©��\�À«
�·-�ª U<Esc>���À«�©� �\:w file ,¿U£�òÑ vi �\:q ,¿U£�
vim¥©�ϵhttp://vcd.gro.clinux.org/
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 73
1ÊÙ shellÄ:• Ï�Î
• Ñ\Ñѽ�
• +�
• ·-|
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 74
Shell{0• ��ö�XÚ��pª·-)º§S§§3^rÚö�XÚ�mJø��¡�1���p��"
• ���«·-?�§S�O�ó§äkCþ��!(���!f§SN^!ëêD4!¥ä?n�
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 75
©�¶¥�iÎ�^i•• üiÎ�^iµ?• õiÎ�^iµ*• �¹�^iµ[ ] ! [ - ]
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 76
IO©�• IOÑ\£0¤• IOÑÑ£1¤• IO�ØÑÑ£2¤
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 77
Ñ\Ñѽ�• Ñ\½�µcommand < filename• Ñѽ�µcommand > filename• �ؽ�µcommand 2> filename
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 78
+�• ��·-�IOÑѤ�,��·-�IOÑ\cmd1 | cmd2
• ò ls·-ÑÑ�©�¶�LÑx� grep·-$ls | grep t
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 79
gÄÖ�·-1• gÄÖ�·-1Ò´3Ñ\·-�Ø7r·-Ñ�§shellU�äѤ�Ñ\�·-"
• Ñ\·-��Ü©�U<Tab>�• $pass<Tab>XÚ¬Ö� passwd·-
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 80
ShellCþCþ´�D��¶i"§���±´iÎG!êi�"
• ^rCþµd^rMïÚD��Cþ
• �¸Cþµd shell�o§^u��XÚó��¸��|Cþ§�±d^rUC
• AÏCþµd shell���§ØUUC"~Xëê�ê§?§ÒòÑG�"
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 81
^rCþ
Cþ¶�±´di1mÞ�?¿i1!êi|¤�S�"
• ��Ú+n^rCþµvar=string½ set var=string
• ��Cþ�½Âµunset var
• w«Cþ��µecho
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 82
Cþ• �)¤�����ê�Cþ
int=5• set var1=abcd
set var2=var1$efgh�1þ¡ü^�é§Cþ var2�SN�µabcdefgh
• w«þ¡ var2��echo $var2KÑѵabcdefgh
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 83
18Ù?§• ½Â?§
• ?§iÀ
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• ¥ä?§
• nohup
• �� jobs
• ½ÂXÚ?§
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 84
?§Vg• ��?§Ò´��$1�§S"´Ä��
• Linux�z��?§©���?§I£Ò£PID¤�½Ú�l?§
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 85
?§Ú§S�'X• ?§´§S��1L§
• §S´��·���-8§?§´Ä��
• ?§�m´¿u�1�§ §S��vk¿u1
• ?§´©�] �ü §3$1L§¥¦^XÚ]
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 86
I?§Úf?§
PID PPID201 1206 201207 206
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 87
ps·-�w�cXÚ¥$1�?§�&Eps [À�]
• -aw«XÚ¥� tty�'�¤k?§�&E
• -f w«¤k?§�&E• -r�w«�3$1�?§• -uw«¡�^r��ª• -xw«¤kªàþ�?§&E
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 88
¥ä?§• c�?§
ctrl-ckillkillall
• ��?§killkillall
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 89
àK?§
$ ps −f
UID PID PPID $ \ cdots$TTY $ \ cdots$COMMAND
john 206 201 $ \ cdo t s $1 $ \ cdo t s $bas h
john 209 206 $ \ cdo t s $1 $ \ cdo ts$v im x . t x t
$ k i l l 206
$ k i l l −9 206
$ k i l l a l l vim
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 90
$1Ñ��?§• ls -R 1 > out &• nohup
$nohup ls -R l > out &$nohup ls -R l &
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 91
�w CPU|^Ç top• ^{µtopr [À�]
• òѵq
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 92
1ÔÙ Linux óä
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 93
dateÚ cal·-• 3¶4þw«½��XÚ�FÏÚ�m
$dateThu Jan 27 05:34:40 CST 2000
• w«F{$cal 6 2005
Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu F r i Sa t1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9 10 1112 13 14 15 16 17 1819 20 21 22 23 24 2526 27 28 29 30
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 94
clear·-�ض4þ�&E"�Ø�§J«Î£�¶4��þ�$clear
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 95
echo·-• ò·-1¥�ëê£w�IOÑÑ£=¶4¤þ"
• echo [-n] STRING• -nL«ÑÑiÎG�§1IØ�1• A�~fµ
• $echo-This is a command..This is a command.
• $echo This is a commandThis is a command.
• $echo -n-Enter data->.Enter data->$_
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 96
grep·-• 3©�©�¥�é�½�ª�c½á�"
• grep [À�] [�é�ª][©�¶ 1§©�¶2§,,]
• XJ3|¢�ª¥�¹��§A^üÚÒr�ªiÎG)å5
• 3©��L¥�±¦^Ï�Î
• éy18¹¥§¤k*ж�/.txt0�©��SN§�é�¹/hello0iÎG�©�$grep hello *.txt
• 3©�file1¥�éiÎG/ramble.*b0$grep-ramble˙b.file1
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 97
wc·-• O�iê
$wc [-c] [-l] [-w] filename-c�w«O�i!ê-l �w«O�1-w�w«O�i
• $ wc myfile17 126 1085 myfilelines words i!ê
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 98
ping·-^5uÿ��XÚ´Ä®ë�þ¿3$1"$ping 10.99.19.44PING 10.99.19.44 (10.99.19.44) from 10.99.19.44 : 56(84) bytes
of data.
64 bytes from 10.99.19.44: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=0.092 ms
64 bytes from 10.99.19.44: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=0.022 ms
64 bytes from 10.99.19.44: icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=0.020 ms
64 bytes from 10.99.19.44: icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=0.019 ms
— 10.99.19.44 ping statistics —
4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% loss, time 2997ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.019/0.038/0.092/0.031 ms
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 99
finger·-¼��ä¥Ù¦^r�&E"�±�w��^r���º��m!¦¤¦^�shella.!¦�Ì8¹�´»�"$finger rootLogin name: rootDirectory: / Shell: /bin/bashOn since Jan 27 05:34:17 on pts/1, 14seconds Idle Time from 128.0.0.71
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 100
éÅ�Ï·- man• man·-�±�ªz¿w«,�·-�éÅ�ÏÃþ
• man [À�] ·-¶• $man ls• man·-ÑÑ��H�Ì��)±eA�Ü©µ
• NAME ·-�¶¡Ú^{
• SYNOPSISw«·-��{�ª§�ÑÙ¤k�^
�À^�À�9ëê"
• DESCRIPTION£ã·-��[^{9z�À��
õU"
• OPTIONé·-�z��À�?1�[�`²Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 101
�Ö info �Ï·- info/pinfo�Ö info©�• info [À�] ·-¶• pinfo [À�] ·-¶
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 102
·- –help/-h• ·-–help½-h�±w«ù�·-��Ï¿�òÑ
• $ls –help• $man -h
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 103
�w8¹��·- du• duµo(z�<©�>�^�^þ§8¹K�o^þ"
• ^{µdu [À�] [©�]
$du −h / home / e a g l e / d a t a /
590M / home / e a g l e / d a t a / s u r f a c e / o ld
926M / home / e a g l e / d a t a / s u r f a c e
31M / home / e a g l e / d a t a /1
34M / home / e a g l e / d a t a / asem
2 .8M / home / e a g l e / d a t a / l i n e / o ld
105M / home / e a g l e / d a t a / l i n e
1 .1G / home / e a g l e / d a t a /
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 104
�w©«��·- df• dfµw«z�<©�>¤3�©�XÚ�&E§%@´w«¤k©�XÚ"
• ^{µdf [À�] [©�]
$df −h
F i l e s y s t e m Nþ ®^ �^ ®^% !1:
/ dev / hda1 958M 728M 181M 81% /
tmpfs 253M 4 .0K 253M 1% / dev / shm
/ dev / hda6 9 .2G 4 .3G 4 .5G 49% / u s r
/ dev / hda7 65G 61G 212M 100% / home
/ dev / hda8 36G 30G 4 .1G 89% / backup
tmpfs 10M 2 .8M 7 .3M 28% / dev
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 105
~^^�/·-• �äèAµmozilla!firefox• �äe1µftp!lftp!wget!curl!gftp
• wã§Sµgqview!gthumb
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 106
ftp• ë�ÑÖìµ
• ftp Host• ftp User@Host• ftp User:Passwd@Host
• �w©��Lµls• ü�/õ�©�e1µget/mput
• ü�/õ�©�þ1µput/mget
• �w�ϵhelp§help CMD
• �?�Dѵbin• ASCIIDѵasc
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 107
lftpaq ftp§��r��õ§��XÚ�7SCÌ�AÏ·-µ
• 8¹þ1µmirror• 8¹þ1µmirror -R• �w©�µcat!zcat• $1�/·-µ!CMD§'X!ls• e1®�/�©�µlftp ftp://url
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 108
wget/curle1©�e1§¿�±1þe1±9º��Õ
• ©�YDµwget -c http://url
• e1 http://vcd.gro.clinux.org/doc/usr_01.html -http://vcd.gro.clinux.org/doc/usr_15.htmlµcurl http://vcd.gro.clinux.org/doc/usr_[01-15].html
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 109
1lÙ?Èì• Fortranµ
• Intelµifort!ifc• PGIµpgf90!pgf77• GNU Fortranµg77!gfortran
• C/C++• Intelµicc• PGIµpgcc• GNU Cµgcc!g++
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 110
N¹�ä©�• ~^Ø�µ
http://www.linuxsir.org
• ~^^�í�8Ü®oµ
http://www.linuxsir.org/bbs/showthread.php?t=199479
• �-��µ
http://www.linuxsir.org/bbs/showthread.php?t=204304
Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 111
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Linuxö�XÚ¦^ – p. 112