2007.06.15 - Tutorial 1 - Analog Circuit Elements

OutlineDiscrete Circuit Elements

FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation

Spring 2007 - Tutorial 1

Analog Circuit Elements

UW ASIC Design Team

June 17, 2007

UW ASIC Design Team Spring 2007 - Tutorial 1 Analog Circuit Elements


FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation

Outline

Discrete Circuit ElementsThe ResistorThe CapacitorThe Inductor

FiltersLow-Pass FiltersHigh-Pass FiltersBandpass FiltersBandreject Filters

AmplifiersOperational Amplifiers

OpAmp-based Active Filters

Transistor Amplifiers

PSpice Simulation



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation

The ResistorThe CapacitorThe Inductor

The Resistor

R

I-V characteristics: V = IR



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation


The Resistor

R


No frequency dependence



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation


The Resistor

R



Power dissipation: P = I 2R



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation


The Resistor

R

R

= 2R




Add in series



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation


The Resistor

R1 R2 = R1R2R1+R2




Add in series

Inverse total equals inverseaddition in parallel



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation


The Capacitor

C

I-V characteristics: I = C dVdt



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation


The Capacitor

C


Frequency dependent impedance:Z = 1

jC



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation


The Capacitor

C



jC

No power dissipation (ideally)



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation


The Capacitor

C C = 2C



jC


Add in parallel



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation


The Capacitor

C1

C2

= C1C2C1+C2



jC


Add in parallel

Inverse total equals inverseaddition in series



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation


The Inductor

L

I-V characteristics: V = L didt



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation


The Inductor

L


Frequency dependent impedance:Z = jL



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation


The Inductor

L






FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation


The Inductor

L

L

= 2L




Add in series



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation


The Inductor

L1 L2 = L1L2L1+L2




Add in series

Inverse total equals inverseaddition in parallel



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation

Low-Pass FiltersHigh-Pass FiltersBandpass FiltersBandreject Filters

Overview

Take advantage of frequency-dependence of components



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation


Overview


Filter out certain frequencies



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation


Overview



Each one characterized by a transfer function



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation


Overview



Each one characterized by a transfer function

Many types (high-pass, low-pass, bandpass, band-reject)



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation


RC Low Pass Filter

Uses a resistor and capacitori(t)

VoutVin



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation


RC Low Pass Filter

Uses a resistor and capacitor

Transfer function:

Vout =1

RC

s + 1RC

Vin

i(t)

VoutVin



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation


RC Low Pass Filter


Transfer function:

Vout =1

RC

s + 1RC

Vin

Bandwidth: 0 to c =1

RC

i(t)

VoutVin



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation


RL Low Pass Filter

Uses a resistor and inductori(t)

VoutVin



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation


RL Low Pass Filter

Uses a resistor and inductor

Transfer function:

Vout =RL

s + RL

Vin

i(t)

VoutVin



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation


RL Low Pass Filter


Transfer function:

Vout =RL

s + RL

Vin

Bandwidth: 0 to c =R

L

i(t)

VoutVin



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation


RC High Pass Filter


VoutVin



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation


RC High Pass Filter


Transfer function:Vout =

s

s + 1RC

Vin VoutVin



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation


RC High Pass Filter



s

s + 1RC

Vin

Bandwidth: c =1

RCto

VoutVin



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation


RL High Pass Filter


VoutVin



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation


RL High Pass Filter



s

s + RL

Vin VoutVin



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation


RL High Pass Filter



s

s + RL

Vin

Bandwidth: c =R

Lto

VoutVin



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation


Series RLC Bandpass Filter

Uses a resistor, inductor andcapacitor

Vin

Iout



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation




Transfer function:

Iout =sC

s2 + s RL+ 1

LC

Vin

Vin

Iout



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation




Transfer function:

Iout =sC

s2 + s RL+ 1

LC

Vin

Bandwidth:

1 = R

2L+

(R

2L

)2+

1

LCto

2 =R

2L+

(R

2L

)2+

1

LC

Vin

Iout



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation


Parallel RLC Bandpass Filter


Vout

Iin



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation




Transfer function:

Vout =s 1

C

s2 + s 1RC

+ 1LC

Iin

Vout

Iin



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation




Transfer function:

Vout =s 1

C

s2 + s 1RC

+ 1LC

Iin

Bandwidth:

1 = 1

2RC+

(1

2RC

)2+

1

LC

to 2 =1

2RC+

(1

2RC

)2+

1

LC

Vout

Iin



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation


RLC Bandreject Filter


Vin

Vout



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation




Transfer function:

Vout =s2 + 1

LC

s2 + s RL+ 1

LC

Vin

Vin

Vout



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation




Transfer function:

Vout =s2 + 1

LC

s2 + s RL+ 1

LC

Vin

Rejection:

1 = R

2L+

(R

2L

)2+

1

LCto

2 =R

2L+

(R

2L

)2+

1

LC

Vin

Vout



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation

Operational AmplifiersTransistor Amplifiers

Overview

Increase the magnitude of a certain input signal



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation


Overview


Very dependent on frequency



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation


Overview


Very dependent on frequency

Several types, most popular is the operational amplifier(OpAmp)



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation


Overview

Now implemented on ICs, cheap

+



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation


Overview


Most widely used amplifier inelectronics

+



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation


Overview



Differential inputs with high gain

+



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation


Overview



Differential inputs with high gain

Gain usually maintained atconstant value using negativefeedback

+



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation


Negative Feedback Configuration

Amplifier Gain (ideal):

Av =Vo

Vi=

R2

R1+

R2

R1



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation




Av =Vo

Vi=

R2

R1 Amplifier Gain:

Av =Vo

Vi=

R2/R11 + st/(1+R2/R1)

+

R2

R1



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation




Av =Vo

Vi=

R2

R1 Amplifier Gain:

Av =Vo

Vi=

R2/R11 + st/(1+R2/R1)

Usually has good frequencyresponse

+

R2

R1



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation


Low Pass Filter

C1 C2

R2

R1

+



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation


High Pass Filter

R1 R2

C2

C1

+



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation


Bandpass Filter

Simplest: Combine high-pass and low-pass filter in series



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation


Bandpass Filter

Simplest: Combine high-pass and low-pass filter in series

Can also be done with single OpAmp



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation



Used in integrated circuits



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation




Will be our projects primarycomponent



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation




Will be our projects primarycomponent

Will be the subject of Tutorial 2



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation

Overview

Very useful circuit simulation package



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation

Overview


Can simulate the characteristics of any circuit



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation

Overview



Useful for ECE 100 labs, used in ECE 241 & 332



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation

Overview



Useful for ECE 100 labs, used in ECE 241 & 332

We will be using it to simulate the circuits discussed



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation

PSpice Syntax

First line is always the title line



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation

PSpice Syntax


Syntax: NAME NODE A NODE B VALUE



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation

PSpice Syntax



Specify components according to their name



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation

PSpice Syntax



Specify components according to their name Resistor: Rxx



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation

PSpice Syntax



Specify components according to their name Resistor: Rxx Capacitor: Cxx



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation

PSpice Syntax



Specify components according to their name Resistor: Rxx Capacitor: Cxx Inductor: Cxx



FiltersAmplifiers

PSpice Simulation

Sample Code - RC Low-Pass Filter

v.in 1 0 ac 1 pulse( -1 1 0 0 0 1m 2m )

r1 1 2 10k

c1 2 0 10n

* analysis commands

.ac dec 20 10 1meg

.tran 700n 700u

.probe

.end


OutlineDiscrete Circuit ElementsThe ResistorThe CapacitorThe Inductor

FiltersLow-Pass FiltersHigh-Pass FiltersBandpass FiltersBandreject Filters

AmplifiersOperational AmplifiersTransistor Amplifiers

PSpice Simulation

Documents

2007.06.15 - Tutorial 1 - Analog Circuit Elements