2009 Global Wave Market Research

7/31/2019 2009 Global Wave Market Research

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Device Device Type Stage of Development Photo/Website

Wave Dragon

Denmark

Wave Dragon Ltd.

The Wave Dragon is a floating, tapered channel device that uses a

pair of curved reflectors to focus waves toward a ramp. The

overtopping waves collect in a large reservoir behind the ramp

where the water is temporarily stored. This creates a head of

water, which is subsequently released through a number of low-

head turbines and converted into electricity. The turbines are the

only moving parts.

Wave Dragon Ltd took first major step to deploy the Worlds Largest Wave

Energy Converter (WEC) by submitting their Environmental Impact Statement.

Plans are to deploy a 7MW device off the Dale and Marloes Peninsula

(Pembrokeshire, Wales) during the summer of 2008. Through this application,

the Wave Dragon is taking the first step in establishing a 70MW wave power

plant in the Celtic Sea by 2010. The Wave Dragon Project is part funded by

European Objective 1 funds through the Welsh Assembly Government.

www.wavedragon.net

Pelamis

Scotland

Pelamis Wave Power Ltd.

The Pelamis Wave Energy Converter is a semi-submerged

structure composed of cylindrical sections linked by hinged joints.

The wave-induced motion of these joints is resisted by hydraulic

rams, which pump high-pressure oil through hydraulic motors via

smoothing accumulators. The hydraulic motors drive electrical

generators to produce electricity. Power from all the joints is fed

down a single umbilical cable to a junction on the seabed. Several

devices can be connected together and linked to shore through a

single seabed cable. The devices are held in place by a

combination of floats and weights and are designed to be

deployed 5-10 km (3-6 miles) offshore.

September, 2007 - The UK G overnment has given permitting permission for the

Wave Hub project - Pelamis is one of the four (4) wave device developers

chosen to work with the Wave Hub project. March 2007 - completed work-up

trials in the North Sea. New trials of the first machine to be complete in

Orkney will be followed by installation of commercial wave farm in Portugal.

The wave farm will be installed 5 km (3 miles) off the Portuguese coast, near

Pvoa de Varim. The project will have an installed capacity of 2.25MW and is

expected to meet the average electricity demand of more than 1500

Portuguese households. March, 2009 - Pelamis project has been pulled

indefinitely after a series of technical (buoyancy tank leaks) and financial

setbacks.www.pelamiswave.com

FO3

Consortium of 11

partners from EU-

members

SEEWEC

A floating, half submersible platform built with composites. The

FO3

has a series of wave point absorbers mounted in vertical

hydraulic cylinders, which work in both directions. The vertical

movements of the floating-point absorbers are transformed into

hydraulic pressure. The hydraulic pressure is utilized to generate

power by generators.

2006 - Norwegian authorities granted permission to build a wave power plant

off the island of Karmy on the west coast of Norway. Following wave tank of

the FO3

testing in 2004, a complete laboratory platform at 1:3 scale was

constructed and launched in February, 2005 off the Norway coast and will be

used for data collection.

www.seewec.org

McCabe Wave Pump

Ireland

Hydam Technology, Ltd.

Consists of a series of articulated barges, which generate

hydraulic pressure to resist the motion of the waves. This

hydraulic pressure can then be used to create electricity.

The McCabe Wave Pump was developed by Dr. Peter McCabe with some

assistance from the US Navy. The developers conducted large-scale trials of

the device in the Shannon Estuary, which were completed by 2004. June 2008 -

no recent updates available.

Archimedes Waveswing

Scotland

AWS Ocean Energy Ltd.

The Archimedes Waveswing is a cylinder shaped buoy, fastened

to the seabed. Passing waves move an air-filled upper casing

against a lower fixed cylinder, with up and down movement

converted into electricity. The floater, which compresses gas

within the cylinder to balance pressures, is the only moving part.

A 50MW is expected to generate electricity for 25,000 homes.

In October, 2004, the AWS team declared pilot tests to be 'very successful' with

the technology being fully proven and a total peak power of around 1500kW

having been produced. In February, 2007 AWS secured 2.1million in funding

from the Scottish Executive, which will be used for development and

commercialization. In September, 2007 additional funding was received from

the Carbon Trust, and will gear toward commercial deployment within the next

five (5) years. In May, 2008, new investments from the Shell Technologies

Venture Fun will aid in deploying a demonstration 250KW pre-commercial

prototype at Orkneys European Marine Energy Centre in 2009. This is

expected to lead to the first phase of a commercial demonstration farm in

2011, which may expand to 100 AWS units within three (3) years.

www.waveswing.com

Global Wave Market Research - May 2009


2/7

AquaBuOY

British Columbia

Finavera Renewables

The AquaBuOY is a floating buoy structure which utilizes a

cylindrical buoy as a displacer and water acts as a reactor

enclosed by a long vertical tube underneath the buoy. As the

buoy rides the waves, the moving seawater drives a piston inside

the tube, and the motion of the piston in turn drives a two-stroke

hose pump. As the hose elongates its internal volume decreases

to create a pressurized flow of seawater, which turns a turbine.

The power is transmitted to shore by means of a secure,

undersea transmission line.

The AquaBuOY 2.0 was deployed in Pacific off the coast of Oregon in

September, 2007. In December, 2007 Finavera Renewables was granted an

operating license for its Makah Bay, Washington pilot project to construct an

offshore power plant which is expected to generate 1500MW/Year.

November, 2007 - AquaBuOY began taking in water and sank before engineers

had the opportunity to remove it.

www.finavera.com/en/wavetech

PSP

USA

Float, Inc.

A pneumatic floating platform utilizes indirect displacement, in

which the platform rests on trapped air that displaces the water.

The primary buoyancy force is provided by air pressure acting on

the underside of the deck. When needed, air is allowed to flow

from one cylinder to another through a manifold or connecting

orifices. The airflow provides a mechanism to help reduce the

peaks in pressure distribution beneath the structure and provide

platform stability as well as a mechanism for dissipating wave

energy. Directing the moving air through turbo-generators to

produce electrical energy is one means of converting wave

energy into electricity with a PSP.

August, 2006 have a number of projects under active consideration involving

various uses of the PSP which include oil and gas industry applications, floating

yacht harbors, and ocean wave energy conversion. No specific details are

disclosed on the web site.

www.floatinc.com

OMI WavePump

USA

Ocean Motion Int'l

A barge type platform consisting of large buoyant vessels which

ride the wave surface. When a trough passes and a vessel is no

long supported, a heavy ballast mass descends and pressurizes

water in a sleeve type pump. The pressurized water is driven up

through a cavity in the main shaft into the manifold which

combines multiple pump assemblies. The combined pump

outputs drives the hydro-turbine generator, osmosis filters, and

electrolysis unit. The barge type platform consists of 20-35

pumps.

June, 2008 - No detailed project activity reported. Company website states,

Ocean Motion International has achieved much academic success for its

patented technologies and vision. Four independent studies have been

completed in the Gulf of Cadiz, Spain covering concept, structures, risk and

environment. These studies have resulted in a product design that is

impressive in its functionality and relative low cost to construct and operate.

www.oceanmotion.ws

PowerBuoy

USA

Ocean Power Technologies

The rising and falling of waves cause the buoy to move freely upand down. The resultant mechanical stroking is converted via a

power take-off to drive an electrical generator. The generated

power is transmitted ashore via an underwater power cable. An

array of PowerBuoys can be electrically connected together to

provide the desired power capacity.

Santoa, Spain Project hired by Iberdrola S.A. to build a power station off the

northern coast of Spain. Based in Madrid, Iberdrola is one of the largest

renewable energy companies worldwide. OPT reports that the project is in

development; first phase complete; and building the second phase consisting

of a subsea power transmission cable, underwater substation, grid connection,

and the first PowerBuoy unit. May, 2008 OPT and Griffin Energy sign joint

development agreement for western Australian wave power station. The wave

power station would be capable of producing up to 10MW with potential

expansion up to 100MW.www.oceanpowertechnologies.com

MWEC Power Take Off

USA

SARA, Inc.

A shaft transfers wave motion to the magnetohydrodynamic

(MHD) generator which is deep under water. The shaft forces the

conducting fluid through powerful permanent magnets. The low

voltage/high current electricity is generated via MHD interaction.

An electrical converter converts the electrical energy to

commercial quality power and is transmitted to shore from

multiple generating stations and connected to the grid.

SARA, Inc. has designed, built and tested a 100KW MHD generator that is a

laboratory demonstration of a MWEC design and is also developing a deep-

ocean-moored concept that is based on the MHD generator.

www.sara.com
http://www.finavera.com/en/wavetechhttp://www.floatinc.com/http://www.floatinc.com/http://www.finavera.com/en/wavetech


3/7

The Denniss-Auld Turbine

Australia

Oceanlinx

The water inside the OWC (a chamber which is open underneath

the waterline) rises and falls, compressing and displacing the air

inside, driving it past a turbine which is housed at the narrowest

point in the chamber. The OWC chamber narrows, and the air is

accelerated to its highest velocity as it passes the turbine,

allowing for maximal extraction of the energy. The oscillatory

wave motion causes a similar oscillatory airflow through the

chamber, and the turbine converts energy on both the up and

down stroke. The turbine converts the energy in the airflow intomechanical energy which drives an electrical generator.

Port Kembla Project - Oceanlinxs wave energy generator was successfully

installed in December 2006, a few hundred meters off the eastern breakwater

of Port Kembla harbor. The unit transforms the raw energy from ocean waves

into electricity or desalinated water. When connected to the local power grid

the plant could supply power to up to 500 homes and serve as a valuable test

facility for further technology development. In May 2007, Oceanlinx was

selected as the fourth developer for the Lira28million wave project off the

coast of Cornwall in South West England. In February 2008, Oceanlinx

announced a potential project to supply up to 2.7MW of electricity to the

island of Maui, Hawaii. The wave energy converters (WECs) will be installed

approximately 1KM off the North coast of Maui. A sub-sea cable will run from

the WEC array along the sea-bed with a shore crossing in to the East of Maliko

Bay, where it will feed into a substation on the Maui Electric Company grid.

www.oceanlinx.com

Wavebob

Ireland

Wavebob Ltd.

An axi-symmetric, self-reacting point absorber, primarily

operating in the heave mode. The Wavebob floats largely below

the water surface and is self-reacting and loosely moored. It uses

the lift and fall of waves to pump giant pistons which in turn drive

alternators to generate electricity for delivery via cables back to

the shore.

In March 2006, a one quarter scale prototype was installed in Galway Bay.

Developers have an ongoing test program of development at the test site. In

April 2007 it was announced that Wavebob has partnered with US energy

company Chevron to provide technical consulting services. The partnership

will look at converting ocean wave energy into useful power. In October 2007,

Wavebob announced that their prototype device is producing electricity.

www.wavebob.com

Sperboy

United Kingdom

Embley Energy

An Oscillating Water Column (OWC) device consisting of a

buoyant structure with a submerged & enclosed column. All of

the plant, turbines, generators, and associated system facilities

are housed above the OWC on top of the buoy. The principle of

operation is similar to that of fixed OWCs designed for shoreline

and fixed installations, except that the device is capable of

deployment in deep water to maximize greatest energy source,

and the entire body floats and maintains optimum hydrodynamic

interactions for the prevailing and changing wave spectrum.

From 2003-2005, Sperboy completed the Marine Energy Challenge, where

independent consultants investigated its performance in terms of power

capture as well as c arrying out a detailed study of both capital and

maintenance costings to arrive at their prediction for the cost of delivered

power. In 2007, Sperboy announced project work with the Universities of

Bristol and The West of E ngland.

www.sperboy.com

Oyster

Scotland

Aquamarine Power

The Oyster consists of an oscillating wave surge converter fitted

with double acting water pistons fixed to the seabed and

deployed near shore. Each passing wave activates the pump;

which delivers high pressure water via a sub-sea pipeline to the

shore. Onshore, high-pressure water is converted to electrical

power using conventional hydro-electric generators.

In 2006, scale models were tested at Queens University Belfast. In 2007,

Oyster has been fully fabricated and tested. Also has been certified by

independent third parties and ready for installation at EMEC in Ornkey. April

2009 - device has now produced and exported commercially viable electricity

to the grid and the New and Renewable Energy Centre (NaREC) near Newcastle

for the first time.

www.aquamarinepower.com


4/7

Wave Rider

USA

SeaVolt Technologies

Wave Rider consists of a special point absorbing buoy which bobs

up and down with wave action on the ocean surface. Electricity is

generated via a small turbine powered by an hydraulic circuit that

captures the slow rolling energy of the wave and converts it into

high-pressure hydraulic fluid flow, spinning a turbine to generate

electricity.

Wave tank tested and now participating in a UK wave research study called the

Marine Energy Challenge. June 2008 no recent updates available.

Mighty Whale

JapanJAMSTEC

The Mighty Whale is a floating oscillating water column device

with three air chambers. Wave action causes the internal water

level in each chamber to rise and fall, forcing a bi-directional

airflow over an air turbine. All three chambers are self-

reciprocating and each turbine has two rotors in tandem

configuration.

Launch in March, 1998. June 2008 no recent updates available.

www.jamstec.go.jp/jamstec/mtd/whale

LIMPET,

Scotland

Wavegen

A shoreline energy converter which uses the principal of an

oscillating water column that couples with the surge-dominated

wave field adjacent to the shore. The design of the air chamber is

important to maximize the capture of wave energy and

conversion to pneumatic power. The turbines are carefully

matched to the air chamber to maximize power output.

One installation on the Island of Islay in Scotland and a second planned

installation with the Faroese electricity company. The Islay installation

performance has been optimized for annual average wave intensities of

between 15 and 25kw/m. The water column feeds a pair of counter-rotating

turbines, each of which drives a 250kw generator, giving a nameplate rating of

500kw. June 2008 - no recent updates available.

www.wavegen.co.uk

PS Frog

United Kingdom

Lancaster University

The PS Frog consists of a pitching/surging paddle about 20m wide

and 15m deep. A handle connects the blade to a massive fixed

ballast compartment, and an arm carrying a power take-off mass

is pivoted to the top of the blade. The arm and mass move

approximately harmonically, and power is extracted through their

relative movements

Some tanks testing has been completed. There are no immediate plans for

deployment. January 2005 participating in the UK Marine Energy Challenge.

June 2008 no recent updates available.

Ocean Wave Energy

Converter (OWEC)USA

Ocean Waver Energy Co.

Wave activity on buoys induces relative motion between

driveshafts and remaining module portions to drive novel

transmissions and electrical generators. Electrical power isadditively combined, within each module housing, and

interconnected with other modules to culminate at output

terminals.

June 2007 - Last noted that engineers were to refine OWECOs third direct

drive generator. The new design raises relative speed and power efficiency

with substantially reduced materials. Initial wave tank tests where electrical

outputs were slightly low for scale. The mechanisms of the apparatus

functioned as intended and measurable electrical energy was generated fromwave motion. Testing was valuable for successfully proving the concept and

divulging considerations for subsequent OWEC design development. While

promising, wave tank tests also revealed meritorious deficiencies.

www.owec.com

Wave Energy Converter

Activator (WECA)

Greece

DaeDalus

Designed for mounting on the run up wall of breakwaters or

other rigid or floating structures. Functionally, it serves the

purpose of absorbing most of the energy of the impacting waves

and turns it into compressed air (subsequently converted into

electric power or other forms of work).

June 2008 no recent updates available.

www.daedalus.gr
http://www.wavegen.co.uk/http://www.wavegen.co.uk/


5/7

Danish Point Absorber

Denmark

Danish Wave Energy

Program

This point absorber system is built from small pontoons each

approx. 10 meters in diameter. The pontoons can be mass-

produced and each pontoon absorbs a maximum of 100-140 kw

from the waves. The pontoons activate pumps situated on the

sea bed which transforms the energy via a hydraulic system to

turbines and generators.

The practical tests performed off Hanstholm in the North Sea have not been

without difficulties. In the first system (45 kw in 1989), the valves and cable

joints failed causing the pontoon to come adrift. The following 1 kw

experiment was launched in the summer of 1994 but after three months the

pontoon sank due to corrosion. After incorporating the experiences of the first

systems, a third attempt was made in May 1995 and this system worked

reliably until it was terminated in January 1996.

Seawave Slot-Cone

Generator

Norway

WAVEenergy AS

The SSG is a wave energy converter based on the wave

overtopping principle utilizing a total of three reservoirs placed on

top of each other, in which the potential energy of the incoming

wave will be stored. The water captured in the reservoirs will

then run through the multi-stage turbine for electricity

production. The use of multiple reservoirs will result in a higher

overall efficiency compared to a single reservoir structure.

Planning a pilot project with a number of partners on the Island of Kvitsy

located in the Bokna fjord adjacent to the Norwegian North Sea. January 2005 -

MST Project In cooperation with Norwegian University of Science &

Technology (NUNU), develop a multi-stage water turbine which can utilize

different heights of water head on a common turbine wheel. The Project is

supported by the Renergi program of the Norwegian Research Council. June

2008 no recent updates available.

www.waveenergy.no

WaveRoller

Finland

AW-Energy

The WaveRoller device is a plate anchored on the sea bottom by

its lower part. The back and forth movement of bottom waves

moves the plate, and the kinetic energy produced is collected by

a piston pump. This energy can be converted to electricity by a

closed hydraulic system in combination with a hydraulic

motor/generator system. WaveRoller is a modular concept. Inpractice this means that the plant capacity is formed by

connecting a number of production modules into a WaveRoller

plant. Each module consists of 3-5 wave elements installed into a

common generation system.

2006 - Design and manufacturing of WaveRoller #1. 2007 - Installation and

commissioning of WaveRoller #1 in Portugal was underway with complete

measurement and analysis of device performance targeted for June 2007.

Plans are to construct a pilot plant in Portugal in 2008. April 2008 -

Deployment of the second proto device in Peniche, Portugal. Data collectedduring the test period will be used for verification of the CFD simulations and

designing of the next generation active controlled WaveRoller unit. First

results will be available in July, 2008.

www.aw-energy.com

WavePlane

Scotland

WavePlane

The water inlet duct is divided into four (or more) pockets and

each pocket is smoothly connected to one edge of an outlet pipe

with different points and angles. The multiple pockets system

converts both kinetic and potential energies of the ocean wave

into swirl flow in the outlet pipe.

Built and tested in real sea conditions in Japan. To date the device has not

been used to produce electricity though a 200 kW version is planned but

already has shown the potential for use in oxygenating water, reverse osmosis

and water pumping. June 2008 - no recent updates available.

www.waveplane.com

Wave Rotor

Denmark

ECOFYS

Two types of rotors were combined on the same axis of rotation:

a Darrieus rotor and a Wells rotor. These are respectively omni-

and bi-directional rotors, which can operate in currents of

changing directions. The Wave Rotor captures wave energy from

the circulating water particles in the waves creating local

currents. The developers discovered that these circular currents

can directly drive a rotor.

A prototype was developed by ECOFYS together with Danish partner Eric

Rossen. Tests were to take place in the summer of 2002 in the Nissum

Bredning fjord on the north-west coast of Denmark. The Wave Rotor would be

mounted to a platform and tested for performance, foundation loads, and

electricity production. The rotor can be grid connected via an inverter and

supply energy to the grid. No information available regarding the results of this

testing. January 2005 - Participating in the Marine Energy Challenge

www.ecofys.co.uk
http://www.waveenergy.no/http://www.aw-energy.com/http://www.waveplane.com/http://www.ecofys.co.uk/http://www.ecofys.co.uk/http://www.waveplane.com/http://www.aw-energy.com/http://www.waveenergy.no/


6/7

Cylindrical Energy

Transfer Oscillating

(CETO)

Australia

CETO

The CETO is fully-submerged and anchored to the sea floor. Can

be deployed in arrays of multiple units. Returns high-pressure

seawater ashore.

February 2007 The first CETO II prototype was unveiled. February 2008 The

CETO II was deployed in January and has performed as expected following

previous onshore testing. Subsequent CETO II units will be deployed over the

coming months.

www.ceto.com.au

Lever Operated PivotingFloat

USA

Swellfuel

A device comprising a pivoting float and lever arm combinationattached to a beam such that the float and lever arm can unfold

and change orientation to the ocean surface. The devices

pivoting arms allow it to convert ocean energy to other forms.

June 5 although multiple prototypes have been tested (some in ocean

conditions), patents for the technology are still pending. Company is self-

funded and currently looking to commercialize but they believe full-scale

development will take about four more years. The output goal for this

technology is 100kw.

www.swellfuel.com

Mark IV Sloped Buoy

Sweden

Inter Project Services

The sloped IPS buoy is an asymmetric, solo, deep-water,

resonant, slack-moored, wide point-absorber with high-pressure

oil power conversion reacting to an internal water mass which

can be disconnected at a c hosen stroke limit.

Model testing. No update as of January 2005. June 2008 - no recent updates

available.

www.mech.ed.ac.uk/research/wavepower/slo

ped%20IPS/Maritec2001%202.htm

Offshore OWC

Norway

Kvaerner

Oscillating Water Column.

Kvaerner is a holding company. A project in the South Pacific almost lead to

the building of an oscillating water column wave power plant on the south

coast of Tongatapu in the late 1980s. However, the manufacturer, Kvaerner

Brug pulled out of wave power, and it was never built. June 2008 - no recent

updates available.

www.kvaerner.com

Salter Duck

United Kingdom

Edinburgh University

The Duck is a 300-ton floating canister designed to drive a

generator from the motion of bobbing up and down on waves likea duck. It was developed in the late 1970's by a team headed by

Professor Stephen Salter at Edinburgh University. This was one of

several research groups set up after a 1976 judgment by the

Department of Energy that wave power was the most promising

renewable energy source.

The Salter Duck's development was stalled during the late 1980's, even though

it was able to produce energy efficiently. A mistake was made in the cost of

the energy production by a factor of ten. June 2008 - no recent updates

available.

Sea Clam

The Sea Clam is an arrangement of six airbags mounted around a

hollow circular spine. As waves impact on the structure air is

forced between the six bags via the hollow spine which is

equipped with self-rectifying turbines. Even allowing for cabling

to shore, it is calculated that the Clam can produce energy for

around $US0.06kw/hour.

June 2008 - no recent updates available.

No Photo
http://www.ceto.com.au/http://www.swellfuel.com/http://www.mech.ed.ac.uk/research/wavepower/sloped%20IPS/Maritec2001%202.htmhttp://www.mech.ed.ac.uk/research/wavepower/sloped%20IPS/Maritec2001%202.htmhttp://www.kvaerner.com/http://www.kvaerner.com/http://www.mech.ed.ac.uk/research/wavepower/sloped%20IPS/Maritec2001%202.htmhttp://www.mech.ed.ac.uk/research/wavepower/sloped%20IPS/Maritec2001%202.htmhttp://www.swellfuel.com/http://www.ceto.com.au/


7/7

Tapchan

Norway

A tapered channel (Tapchan) feeds into a reservoir which is

constructed on a cliff. The narrowing of the channel causes the

waves to increase their amplitude (wave height) as they move

toward the cliff face which eventually spills over the walls of the

channel and into the reservoir which is positioned several meters

above mean sea level. The kinetic energy of the moving wave is

converted into potential energy as the water is stored in the

reservoir. The stored water is then fed through a Kaplan turbine.

A demonstration device with rated output of 350 kw began operating in 1985

at Toftesfallen, in Norway until the early 1990s, when work on modifying the

device destroyed the tapered channel. The potential market for such an

approach is limited because the design requires a small tidal range and suitable

coastline. Therefore, this device would be better suited to islands. June 2008 -


PendulorMuroran Institute of

Technology and Cold-

Region Port & Harbor

Research Center

Wave action causes oscillation of the plate ("Pendulor"), and the

pendulor compresses fluid in a hydraulic power take off. The

second-generation prototype uses active control for efficient

energy conversion.

The Pendulor wave energy device has been under investigation for over 15

years by the Muroran Institute of Technology. June 2008 - no recent updates

available.

www.muroran-it.ac.jp

OSPREY

Wavegen

The OSPREY rests directly on the seabed and is designed to

operate in the near-shore environment in a nominal mean water

depth of 15m. The pneumatic power of the oscillating water

column is converted to electricity by a Wells turbo generator and

specially designed induction generators.


www.wavegen.co.uk

Backward Bend

Duct Buoy

Yoshio Masuda

A floating type wave energy device. It uses an oscillating column

of water in reverse "L" shaped chambers or ducts, such that the

open mouth of the duct is away from the incident waves. The

horizontal limb has an opening to the sea and is submerged under

water. The vertical limb traps a column of air at the upper region

of the duct and a regulated vent allows air to pass in and out

under cyclic pressure and partial evacuation of air due to

oscillating water surface.


Swedish HosepumpSweden

Incorporated into the Aquabouy. Floating buoy pumps seawateracross water turbine.

During 1983-1984 a plant of three modules with turbine and generator was

installed in the open sea at Vigna. There were losses of equipment in somesevere storms but the tests proved the feasibility of this approach. June 2008 -


Electroactive Polymer

Artificial Muscle

(EPAM)

Japan

SRI International

A buoy-mounted, wave powered generator. It is composed of a

rubbery material that can generate electricity by being stretched

and allowed to return to its original shape.

December 2009 - demonstrated and tested module off the coast of California.

www.sri.com/news/releases/120808.html
http://www.muroran-it.ac.jp/http://www.wavegen.co.uk/http://www.sri.com/news/releases/120808.htmlhttp://www.sri.com/news/releases/120808.htmlhttp://www.wavegen.co.uk/http://www.muroran-it.ac.jp/

Documents

2009 Global Wave Market Research