8/9/2019 2010 Nonlinear Photonic Crystal for Optical Power Limiting

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Nonlinear photonic crystal for optical power limiting

I.V. Guryev1,2

, I.A.Sukhoivanov2, E. Alvarado Mendez

2, M. Trejo-Duran

2, J.A. Andrade Lucio

2,

R. Rojas-Laguna2, O. Ibarra-Manzano

2, J. Estudillo Ayala

2

1Kharkov National University of Radio Electronics, Ukraine2DICIS, University of Guanajuato, Mexico

Abstract: In the paper, we present the theoreticalinvestigations of the nonlinear 1D and 2D photonic crystals

which possess optical power limiting effect. The parametersof the structures were found as well as radiation intensitiesand wavelengths the stabilization is observed at. Numericalexperiments have been carried out which approved thepower stabilization at the output of the structures. Thestructures proposed are very promising for optical powerlimiting at the input of all-optical photonic integrated

circuits.

INTRODUCTION

Today, one of the most important challenges in all-optical communications and information processingnetworks is to develop the effective optical power limiter onthe basis of structures with periodic modulation of refractive

index [1] which provide high-dense packaging of theintegrated elements within the photonic integrated circuit(PIC). Earlier, the optical power limiting effect wasobserved in such devices as nonlinear Cristiansen filters [2]and the anisotropy induced organic liquids [3]. The limitingeffect was also reported in 1D periodic structures due to thematerials refractive index contrast growth with opticalpower [4]. Such devices are represented by the layered

structure with layers' refractive indices initially equal. Thelayers are made of nonlinear materials with differentnonlinearity coefficient. As the radiation intensity increases,different variation of layers' refractive indices appear. Dueto this effect, the step-index (or any other periodic) structureappears according to the field distribution. This can cause,at certain conditions, the limitation of optical radiation

power at the output of such structure.In our work we found the geometry parameters of the

1D and 2D PhCs with materials possessing Kerr saturablenonlinearity which allow optical power limiting at certainlevel.

INVESTIGATION RESULTS

The main function of an optical power limiter is tostabilize an intensity constI of an optical radiation. The

problem consists in finding the parameters of the structure,the wavelength and the intensity range of the radiation

which will provide the stabilization of the radiation intensityat certain level constI .

For this reason let's represent constI as a radiation

intensity passing the structure with absorption. At that

( ) aiiconst IIIRI=I , where iI is the radiationintensity that incidents the structure and aI is the intensity

absorbed by the structure. Thus, the intensity transmittedcan be found from the following relation:

( )i

aconst

i

aconstii

I

II=

I

III=IR

1 . (1)

Here, we considered 1D PhC which period consistsof linear and nonlinear layer as well as 2D nonlinear PhCswhich materials possess optical nonlinearity. Thenonlinearity provides the reflectance dependence of the

whole structure on the radiation intensity. In fig. 1 it isshown the set of curves R(I) obtained by numerical solutionof the Helmholtz equation for nonlinear 1D and 2D PhC by

means of finite-elements iterative method [5]. The structurewhen irradiated with the radiation at specific wavelength,possesses reflection minimum at specific intensity whichdepends on the wavelength. The R(I) curves can be

a)

b)

Fig. 1. Reflectance dependence of the 1D (a) and 2D (b)

nonlinear PhC on the radiation intensity

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978-1-4244-3731-3/10/$25.00 2010 IEEE

8/9/2019 2010 Nonlinear Photonic Crystal for Optical Power Limiting

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approximated by the analytical function (1) which may berepresented in form of parametric function:

( )P2I

P1=IR

1 , (2)

where P1 stands for aconst II and P2 has physical

meaning of the auxiliary light source intensity. When P2equals 0, the auxiliary radiation is absent and self-limiting

effect is observed.The approximation of the numerical experimentresults give us the wavelength and corresponding radiation

intensity constI the output radiation will be stabilized at.

The intensity stabilization is demonstrated by thenumerical experiment (see fig. 2). In the figure, the radiationis stabilized after threshold intensity both in case if 1D and2D PhCs.

CONCLUSION

In the work it has been investigated 1D and 2Dperiodic structures with materials demonstrating Kerr-nonlinearity. There were obtained spectra of devices on the

basis of such PhCs at low and high levels of the radiationintensity.

The spectrum shift at high radiation intensity pointsto the possibility of the radiation intensity stabilization atthe specific PhC parameters at certain power level. Theanalytical dependence has quite good agreement withnumerical modeling results both for 1D and 2D PhCs whichgive high accuracy of the stabilization of the output

radiation intensity within the limits considered in the work.Due to the essential real-time characteristics tuning,

the devices on the basis of nonlinear PhCs can be used inwide class of scientific and technical applications such ashigh-dense packed active elements of all-optical informationprocessing circuits, active and passive components of all-optical networks, sensors for environment control, sensorsfor security systems for purpose of detecting of explosives,weapons, and technological defect production sensors.

REFERENCES

[1] Mingaleev S.F., Kivshar Yu.S. Nonlinear transmissionand light localization in photonic-crystal waveguides J.of OSA B., vol. 19, pp. 2241-2249, 2002.

[2] George L. F., Robert W. B., Thomas R. M., Sipe E.,Nonlinear-optical Christiansen filter as an optical

power limiter Optics Letters, vol. 21, . 20, pp. 1643-1645, 1996

[3] Huang Y., Siganakis G., Moharam M., Wu S.-T.Broadband optical limiter based on nonlinear photoinduced anisotropy in bacteriorhodopsin film Appl.Phys. Lett., vol 85,22, pp. 5445- 5447, 2004

[4] Brzozowski L., Sargent E. H., Optical SignalProcessing Using Nonlinear Distributed Feedback

Structures, IEEE J. Of Quant. Electron, vol. 36, 5,pp. 550-555, 2000

[5] Igor V. Guryev, Oleksiy V. Shulika, Igor A.Sukhoivanov, Olga V. Mashoshina, Improvement ofcharacterization accuracy of the nonlinear photoniccrystals using finite elements-iterative method, Appl.Phys. B: Lasers and Optics, vol. 84, 1-2, pp.83-87,

2006

a)

b)Fig. 2. Output radiation intensity dependence on the

input one for 1D (a) and 2d (b) nonlinear PhC

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