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Process Paper December 2011

Practical Experience in the Main Fertilizers

Containing Nitrogen

Engineer Reda Soliman Khalil

Board Member and Vice President of Production Affairs

Abu Qir Fertilizers & Chemical Industries CompanyAlexandria, Egypt

Content

1. Introduction

2. Urea Process Technology: Comparison Stamicarbon Snamprogetti TEC

3. Stamicarbon process:

3.1 High Pressure Synthesis in general

3.2 H.P. Carbamate Condenser

1. IntroductionIn March 2004, Engineer Reda Soliman Khalil has published the first edition of a very interesting and

elaborative book describing the Practical Experience in the Main Fertilizers Containing Nitrogen.

In this book, which is unique in the industry, Engineer Khalils focuses on three main fertilizer types:

Urea, Ammonium Nitrate and Ammonium Phosphate, in addition to Nitric Acid, which is highly involved

in the manufacturing of other various nitrogen-based types of fertilizers.

This book aims at combining the theoretical and practical experience in the main popular fertilizers

produced mainly from ammonia, which is the basic access to all the nitrogenous fertilizers that involve

nitrogen as a manufacturing component.

Currently Engineer Khalil is Managing Director, Fertilizers, ORASCOM CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRIES

and Board Member, SORFERT ALGERIA.

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2. UREA P ROCESSES TECHNOLOGY

There are three main licenses for the urea processes technology, which are:- Stamicarbon-Total Recycle-Carbon Dioxide-Stripping Process.

- Snamprogetti Thermal Stripping Urea Process.- TEC - ACES (Toyo Engineering Corporation).

The design and chemical process realization of high pressure synthesis sections in all process is

determined by the physical and chemical equilibrium in the system, which consists of ammonia,carbon dioxide, water, and urea.

This book will deal with the Stamicarbon license as the other two are mainly similar with somedifferences, however the principles and the basic are the same.

The differences between the three licenses are shows ion table (2-3)

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3. Stamicarbon ProcessThe Stamicarbon process consists of the following sections:

- High Pressure loop, which includes the following items:H.P heat exchanger (H.P. Stripper)H.P. carbamate condenserReactor

H.P scrubber- Low pressure recirculation stage- Concentration (evaporation) section- Recovery unit, which consists of the desorption and the hydrolyzation sections- Prilling or granulation- Hydrogen removal unit.

3.1

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3.2

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