2011

Carroll County Community College

WestminsterMaryland

August 10-13

Maryland Streams Symposiumand

Mid-Atlantic Volunteer Monitoring Conference

2011

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Mid-Atlantic

Volunteer MonitoringConference

This project was funded in part by the US EPA Chesapeake Bay Implementation Grant

Third Maryland Streams Symposium and Mid-Atlantic Volunteer Monitoring ConferenceAugust 10-13, 2011; Carroll Community College

Wednesday Morning August 10

7:30-9:00 Registration/Poster Set-up/Coffee

MorningPlenarySessionI–Auditorium

9:00–9:10 Welcome, Symposium Goals, Charge to ParticipantsPaul Kazyak, Monitoring and Non-Tidal Assessment DivisionMaryland DNR

9:10–9:15 Greetings Faye Pappalardo, President

Carroll Community College

9:15–9:35 Maryland’s Commitment to Healthy StreamsFrank Dawson, Assistant Secretary for Aquatic ResourcesMaryland DNR

9:35–10:05 Science and Politics Don't Have to be Like Oil and WaterChris Trumbauer, Anne Arundel County Councilman and West/Rhode Riverkeeper

10:05–10:45 Break – Great Hall

10:45–11:15Pollution Limits Under Attack in Congress and Court: Why We Must Fight BackTom Pelton, Senior Writer for the Chesapeake Bay Foundation, host of “The Environment in Focus” on WYPR public radio in Baltimore

11:15–11:30 Congressman John Sarbanes

11:30–12:00 Evolution of the Maryland Biological Stream Survey: Three Rounds and 15 Years LaterRon Klauda, Director, Monitoring and Non-Tidal Assessment DivisionMaryland DNR

12:00–1:00 Lunch – Great Hall

Wednesday Afternoon August 10

Session Status and Trends: How are Maryland’s Streams Doing?

Dam(n) Lessons Learned Freshwater Mussels Aquatic Invaders

Room Auditorium K100A K100B L287

Moderator Mark Southerland (Versar, Inc.)

Jim Thompson (MD DNR)

Matt Ashton (MD DNR) William Harbold (MD DNR)

1:00pm MarylandStream,RiverandLakeSamplingasPartoftheNationalAquaticResourceSurveys:CurrentStatusandFutureAssessments

Ellen Tarquinio [1]

ChesapeakeBayFishPassagePrioritization

Julie Devers [6]

HumanActivitiesandtheCapacityforNativeFreshwaterMussels(Unionidae)toMitigateCulturalEutrophicationintheChesapeakeBay

Daniel E. Spooner [12]

InvasiveSpeciesandMarylandDNR

Sarah Widman [18]

1:20pm StatusandTrendsofNon-tidalChesapeakeStreamsandRivers

Adam Griggs [2]

VideoOverview

Jim Thompson [7]

UsingPredictiveDistributionModelstoFindtheDwarfWedgeMusselinMaryland

Cara A. Campbell [13]

BlueCatfish,ThePotomac’sLargestUnwelcomeInvasiveoranIncreasinglyPopularSportfish

Mary Groves [19]

1:40pm StatusandTrendsintheEcologicalConditionofMarylandStreamsandRivers:ResultsofMarylandDNR'sMarylandBiologicalStreamSurveyandLong-termMonitoringPrograms

Mark Southerland [3]

DesigningandImplementingDamRemovalProjectsintheContextoftheRegulatoryClimate:TheSimkinsDamRemovalCaseStudy

Mary Andrews [8]

FreshwaterMusselSurveyofthePotomacRiverMainstem

James D. Cummins [14]

OngoingEffortstoControltheInvasiveNorthernSnakehead

Josh Newhard [20]

2:00pm StreamsinMaryland’sNationalParks:HowAreTheyDoing?

Marian Norris [3]

FlowandSuspended-SedimentMonitoringatThreeStreamgagesonthePatapscoRiver,Maryland,October2010toMarch2011

William Banks [9]

FreshwaterMusselConservationinVirginia—UsingPropagationasaRecoveryTool

Brian T. Watson [15]

HoodCollegeStudent-FacultyResearch:Ecology,PhysiologyandGeneticsofNativeandInvasiveMarylandOrconectesSpecies

Susan Carney [21]

2:20pm JustWhatIstheConditionofBaltimoreCountyStreams?

Dennis Genito[4]

GeomorphicMonitoringofthePatapscoRiverFollowingtheRemovaloftheSimkinsDam,PatapscoRiver,Maryland

Graham Boardman [10]

ExperimentalStockingofAmericanEelsntheSusquehannaRiverWatershed

Julie Devers [16]

ManagementStrategiesforWaterChestnut(Trapa natans):AHistoricalPerspective

Mark Lewandowski [22]

2:40pm MontgomeryCountyStreams–ChangeandRecovery

Jennifer St. John [5]

PatapscoRiverDamRemovalStudy:AssessingChangesinAmericanEelDistributionandAquaticCommunities

William Harbold [11]

HowaState-WideStreamSurveyCanAidinUnderstandingFreshwaterMussel(Bivalvia: Unionidae)Ecology:ExamplesofUtilityandLimitationsfromMaryland

Matthew J. Ashton [17]

3:00-3:30 pm Poster Break (authors in attendance)

Session Stream Biodiversity High Quality Streams Urban Streams I Sustainability and Healthy Watersheds

Film Forum

Room Auditorium K100A K100B L287 M157

Moderator Scott Stranko(MD DNR)

Andy Becker (MD DNR) Ken Belt (USFS) and Ed Doheny (USGS)

Paul Kazyak (MD DNR) Jenny Mulhern (MD DNR)

3:30pm BiodiversityConservationinMaryland:WhatmakestheFreeStateNaturallyGreat!

Dave Brinker [23]

EPA’sHealthyWatershedsInitiative:ASystems-basedConstructforProtectingAquaticEcosystems

Laura Gabanski [29]

PilotTestingofReal-TimeNitrateandConductivitySensorsinanUrbanWatershed

Jason Ver Hoef [34]

MarylandForestsandStreams–KeyChallengesforSustainabilityinaRapidlyChangingWorld

Dan Fiscus [40]

3:50pm PhysiologicalToleranceandBehavioralPreferencesofFreshwaterMussels:ConsequencesforMusselBiodiversityinaChangingEnvironment

Heather S. Galbraith [24]

BalancingOurInvestmentintheChesapeake:TheImportanceofMaintainingHealthyWatersheds

Mark Bryer [30]

ApplicationsofReal-timeWaterQualitytoIdentifyEpisodicPollutionEventsinUrbanStreamsintheWashington,D.C.MetropolitanArea

Joe Bell [35]

UrbanizationandtheFutureofAquaticBiodiversityinMaryland

Bob Hilderbrand [41]

4:10pm FirstProbabilisticSurveyofStreamSalamandersinMaryland

Mark Southerland [25]

IncorporationofMaryland’sCurrentAntidegradationImplementationProceduresintotheApprovalorPermittingFramework

Angel Valdez [31]

IntroducingtheBaltimoreCityStewardshipMappingandAssessmentProject

Michele Romolini [36]

BeyondUrbanization:SeeingintotheFutureofMarylandStreams

Paul Kazyak [42]

4:30pm Maryland’sCrawdads–theirStatus,Distribution,andConservation

Jay Kilian [26]

VirginiaHealthyWatersInitiative

Todd Janeski [32]

UnderstandingtheImplicationsofUsingIndicestoDetectBiologicalResponsesinStreams

Matt Baker [37]

ForestBuffers:HowFastdotheirFunctionsDevelop?

Anne Hariston-Strang [43]

4:50pm FromAblabesmyiatoZygoptera:theIncredibleDiversityofMaryland’sFreshwaterMacroinvertebrates

Dan Boward [27]

FrederickCountyStreamProtectionProgram

Shannon Moore [33]

NutrientandSedimentSources,Transport,Retention,andEffectsofBestManagementPracticesintheUrbanDifficultRunWatershed,Virginia

Greg Noe [38]

UpdatingMaryland’sGreenPrintMap

Kevin J. Coyne [44]

5:10pm BiodiversityofMaryland’sFreshwaterFishes

Rich Raesly [28]

TrackingNonpointSourceNitrogenPollutioninHuman-impactedWatershedsSujay Kaushal [39]

5:30 pm Adjourn

Thursday Morning August 11

8:00-11:00 RegistrationandCoffee/Pastries

Session Brook Trout Status, Ecology and Management

Climate Change in Maryland: It’s More Than Sea Level Rise

The Chesapeake Phase II Watershed Implementation Plan

Contributed Papers -Stream Critters and Beyond!

Room Auditorium K100A K100B L287 M157

Moderator Bob Hilderbrand (University of Maryland)

Ron Klauda(MD DNR)

Claudia Donegan(MD DNR)

Beth Franks (Versar, Inc.)

8:30am BrookTroutinMaryland,FiveYearsDowntheRoadSinceImplementationoftheFisheriesManagementPlan

Alan Heft [45]

ClimateChangeAdaptationinMarylandWatersheds:AStrategyforResilience

Markus Griswold [51]

TheChesapeakeBayTMDLandtheMarylandWatershedImplementationPlan-anOverviewandPanelDiscussion

Richard Eskin [56]

CulvertDesignsforFishPassageinPennsylvania

Dave Spotts [57]

8:50am ARevisitationofMarylandBrookTroutGenetics

Ray Morgan [46]

It’sHardtoMakePredictions,EspeciallyabouttheFuture:PossibleClimateChangeImpactsonMarylandStreams

Andrew Miller [52]

TheGrowingScientific,Education,andConservationImpactofFrogWatchUSA

Rachel Gauza [58]

9:10am BrookTroutDeclineswithLandCoverandTemperatureChangesinMaryland

Scott Stranko [47]

TheUSGSStreamflow-MonitoringNetworkinMaryland–WhatCanItTellUsaboutClimateChange?

Jonathan Dillow [53]

YearOne(2010)oftheMarylandAmphibianandReptileAtlas

Heather Cunningham [59]

9:30am LifeHistoryofBrookTroutinWesternMaryland

David Kazyak [48]

WhatAreSomeManagementStepsforAddressingtheImpactsofClimateChangeonFishSpecies?

Nancy Butowski [54]

PanelDiscussionwith:

Julie Pippel – Wash. County; Kim Burgess – Balto. City; Rupert Rossetti – Cecil County; Bill Wolinski – Talbot County

AdultandLarvalCaddisfly(Trichoptera)TaxaRichnessIndicateRegionalProcessesLimitIn-streamLarvalRichnessandColonizationPotentialofUrbanHeadwaterStreams

Robert Smith [60]

9:50am BrookTroutPopulationResponsestoRestrictiveFishingRegulationsintheSavageRiverWatershed

Bob Hilderbrand [49]

StreamFishColonizationandExtinctioninShenandoahNationalPark

Nathaniel (Than) P. Hitt [55]

BenthicInvertebratesasVectorsofFishPathogensinAquaticEcosystems

Heather L. Walsh [61]

10:10am ConservationGeneticsandGenomicsofBrookTrout(Salvelinus fontinalis)Populations:IdentificationoftheFunctionalUnitofManagementintheChesapeakeBaySystem

Tim King [50]

TaxonomicDataQualityControlfortheMarylandBiologicalStreamSurvey,1995-2009

Erik W. Leppo [62]

10:30-11:00 am Poster Break (authors in attendance)

11:00-11:30 am Welcome to Volunteers and Morning Plenary Session - Peter Bergstrom – NOAA - Promoting Stewardship with Volunteer Monitoring

11:30-12:30 Lunch (pre-made sandwiches)

Presentation – Riparian Buffer Plantings: Trials and SuccessesBrandon Green, Kelly Habicht and Reed Portney, Venturing Crew 202 Members

ThistalkwillbealightheartedlookattheriparianbufferplantingsofBoyScoutVenturingCrew202overthelastdozenyears.Keylessonslearnedwillbesummarizedandimplicationsforothervolunteergroupsdiscussed.[NOTE:Crew202hasarguablyplantedmoretreesthananyotherall-volunteergroupintheentireChesapeakeBaywatershed,andhaswonnumerousstateandnationalawardsforitsenvironmentalefforts.Crewmembersarealsovolunteeringatthissymposium,feelfreetochatwiththemastheyperformvarioussupportroles]

Thursday Afternoon August 11

Session Marcellus Shale I: Science and Policy

Say Hello to my TMDL! A Look at Freshwater Regulations in Maryland

Volunteer Monitoring Success Stories

Contributed Papers – Nutrients

Film Forum

Room Auditorium K100A K100B L287 M157

Moderator Jennifer Fulton (US EPA)

Greg Sandi(MDE)

Ginger North(Delaware Nature Society)

Beth Franks (Versar, Inc.) Jenny Mulhern(MD DNR)

12:30pm TBA

David Kargbo[63]

Maryland’sIonMonitoringPlan:SupportingWaterQualityCriteriaDevelopmentforChlorideConcentrations

Adam Rettig [67]

OysterGardening:AVolunteerSuccessStory

EJ Chalabala [72]

MajorSourcesandTransportPathwaysforNitrogenandPhosphorustoChesapeakeBayanditsTributaries

Scott W. Ator [77]

12:50pm GeologyoftheMarcellusShaleinMaryland

David K. Brezinski [64]

Watershed-BasedMonitoringNetworkDesignforChloridesandSulfates

Allison O’Hanlon [68]

TheDelawareNatureSociety’sRiparianHabitatAssessment

Kristen Travers [73]

NodalPointPollution:ChangingtheParadigmforChesapeakeBayRestoration

Andrew Muller [78]

1:10pm AnIn-DepthLookatWaterChemistryintheUpperMonongahelaRiverBasin

Paul Ziemkiewicz [65]

TheIntegratedReport(aka303d/305bList)ofSurfaceWaterQualityCallingItasWeSeeIt.

Matt Stover [69]

RiverTrends: Using Volunteer Data for Outreach on Water Quality Issues and Solutions

Anna Mathis [74]

CoastalBaysNon-tidalNutrientIndicators&ThresholdsforUseinanAnnualReportCard

Carol Cain [79]

1:30pm TheMarylandMarcellusShaleExecutiveOrder

Brigid Kenney [66]

IncorporationofMaryland’sCurrentAntidegradationImplementationProceduresintotheApprovalorPermittingFramework

Angel Valdez [70]

MarylandStreamWaders:ElevenYearsofSuccess!

Dan Boward [75]

CombinationofaStressor-ResponseModelwithaConditionalProbabilityAnalysisApproachforDevelopingCandidateCriteriafromMBSSData

John F. Paul [80]

1:50pm Maryland’sSynopticSurvey

Quentin Forrest [71]

StreamResearchandCommunityOutreachUsingVolunteers

Lindsay Hollister [76]

2:10pm

2:30-3:00pm

Session Marcellus Shale II: Assessing our Waters

Contributed Papers – Urban Streams II

Contributed Papers – Contaminants and Human Health

Room Auditorium K100A K100B L287 M157

Moderator Bill Richardson (US EPA)

Ginny Rogers (Versar, Inc.)

Patrick Graves (MD DNR)

3:00pm WaterQualityMonitoringinPennsylvania’sMarcellusShaleField–TryingtoStay“AheadoftheCurve”

Tony Shaw [81]

AssessingtheEcologicalandHumanHealthStatusofBaltimore’sInnerHarbor

Caroline Wicks [86]

CleanWater,HealthyFamiliesCampaign

TerryCummings[91]

3:20pm MarylandAssessesBaselineWaterQualityConditionsinStreamsnearPotentialMarcellusShaleDrillingLocations

Tony Prochaska [82]

AnApproachforMonitoringBiologicalResponsetoanUrbanStreamRestorationIncludinganEvaluationoftheRelationshipbetweenGeomorphologyandBiologicalCommunities

Sean Sipple and Kate Estler [87]

IllicitDischarges–HiddenPollutersinMarylandWaters

Lori Lilly [92]

3:40pm MarcellusMonitoring

Julie Vastine [83]

MitigatingtheEffectsofUrbanizationonaNaturalizedPopulationofBrownTrout(Salmo trutta)inaTributaryoftheAnacostiaRiverintheWashington,D.C.MetropolitanArea

Mitch Keiler [88]

ContaminantsofEmergingConcern:ChemicalandBiologicalEffectsMonitoring

Vicki Blazer [93]

4:00pm MonongahelaRiverQUEST:ACollaborativeApproachtoMonitoringWaterQualityintheMonRiverBasin

Melissa O’Neal [84]

AnAlteredState:MitigatingtheEffectsofUrbanizationonAquaticEcosystems

Mitch Keiler [89]

TheUseofScentTrainedCaninesforIllicitDischargeDetectioninStormWater

Scott Reynolds [94]

4:20pm SusquehannaRiverBasinCommissionMarcellusMonitoring

Matthew Shank [85]

ComparingtheFishandBenthicMacroinvertebrateDiversityofRestoredUrbanStreamstoReferenceStreams

Scott Stranko [90]

4:40pm

5:10 pm Adjourn

6:00-9:00 pm Social/Cookout at Carroll County Farm Museum - BYOB

Friday Morning August 12

8:00–8:30 RegistrationandCoffee/Pastries 8:30–9:00 MorningPlenarySession–Creating Change in your Watershed: One Person at a Time

Ned Tillman, Author of “The Chesapeake Watershed: A Sense of Place and a Call to Action”, President - Sustainable Growth, LLC; Chair of the Sustainability Board of Howard County, MD

9:00–9:30 PosterBreak(authorsinattendance)

Session Stream and Watershed Education I

Hands On in the Bay Money Behind Water Quality Initiatives

Stream Geomorphology

Mattawoman Creek: A Fragile Gem

Film Forum

Room Auditorium K100A K100B L287 M157 K116

Moderator Sonja Schmitz(Community College of Baltimore County)

Larry Merrill (US EPA)

Jen Raulin(MD DNR)

Mike Pieper(KCI, Inc.)

Jim Uphoff (MD DNR)

Jenny Mulhern(MD DNR)

9:30am UsingtheMapping-Our-Streams-with-FieldScopeunittoExpandYourStreamInvestigationsintheChesapeakeBayWatershed

Cassie Doty [95]

TheSpiritofGrowingOurChesapeakeBayPartnership:TheContinuedEvolutionoftheChesapeakeBayProgramPartnership’sLongtermWaterQualityMonitoringProgram

Peter Tango [100]

AdvancingWatershedRestorationattheLocalLevel

Jennifer Raulin [104]

ApplyingFluvialGeomorphicMonitoringTechniquestoEvaluateStreamRestorationProjectSuccessintheRedHillBranchSubwatershed

Colin Hill [107]

EvaluatingAnadromousSpawningHabitatChangesinaChangingLandscape

Margaret McGinty[110]

9:50am ChesapeakeExploration:InvestigatetheBayWatershedinReal-timewithNOAA'sOnlineCurriculum

Kevin Schabow [96]

CitizenInvolvementandtheChesapeakeBayExecutiveOrder

Michelle Ryan [101]

Water-relatedFundingOpportunitiesProvidedbytheNationalFishandWildlifeFoundation’sChesapeakeBayStewardshipFund

Mandy Chesnutt [105]

TheStreamFunctionsPyramid:AConceptualModelforSettingGoalsandEvaluatingtheFunctionalImprovementofStreamRestorationProjects

Rich Starr [108]

MigratingtoMattawomanCreek—OrNot:IcthyoplanktonSurveysofAnadromousFishSpawningintheNontidalRiver

Jim Long[111]

10:10am StudentsintheCommunityasEnvironmentalStewardsandCitizenScientists:CCBCBayWatershedEducationalTrainingProject.

Sonja Schmitz [97]

ChooseCleanWater-EngagingLocalOrganizations

Ryan Ewing [102]

Water-relatedFundingOpportunitiesProvidedbytheChesapeakeBayTrust

Kacey Wetzel [106]

FishPassageBarriersandMitigationOptions

Kathy Hoverman [109]

InterpretationofaTen-YearRecordofDiscreteandContinuousWater-QualityDataforaRapidly-UrbanizingCoastalPlainWatershed

Jeffrey G. Chanat [112]

10:30am TBA

Karen Anderson [98]

ChesapeakeCommonsDatabase

John Dawes [103]

Development,Stressors,HabitatandFishCommunityChangesinMattawomanCreek

Jim Uphoff [113]

10:50am AVirtualStreamSampler

Neil Gilles [99]

TheRoleofMattawomanCreekintheLargemouthBassFisheryofthePotomacRiver

Joe Love [114]

11:10am

11:30–12:30 Lunch(Hot pasta dish) Cafeteria

Presentation–VisualizingFluvialGeomorphology:AMultimediaPhenomenon- SpeakerTBAGreat Hall

Friday Afternoon August 12

Session Stream and Watershed Education II

Making Your Voice Heard

Volunteer and Professional Monitors Unite!

Stream Water Temperature

Room Auditorium K100A K100B L287

Moderator Sonja Schmitz(Community College of Baltimore County)

Sara Weglein(MD DNR)

James Beckley(VA DEQ)

Tony Prochaska(MD DNR)

12:30pm RiverWebs:ADocumentaryfilmaboutLife,Death,Science,andStreams

Keith Williams [115]

MarylandStreamWaders-ProvidingtheMega-phone

Sara Weglein [120]

TBA

James Beckley [124]

Maryland’sTemperatureCriteria

Adam Rettig [129]

12:50pm TheViewBelow:UsingCreekSnorkelingtoConnectPeoplewithRivers

Keith Williams [116]

MattawomanMatters

Bonnie Bick [121]

TMDLs,PollutionTradingandtheNeedforVolunteerMonitoring

Michael R Helfrich [125]

ThermalRegimesofMaryland’sNon-TidalStreams

Bob Hilderbrand [130]

1:10pm Volunteering:WhatyoucandoBeyondMonitoring-JoinTEAMDNR!

Amy Henry [117]

HowtoCreateChange:StrategiesandVeryCoolTipsforMakingaDifference

Paul Kazyak [122]

PartneringwithWatershedOrganizationstoProduceTributary-SpecificReportCards

Sara Powell [126]

Improving the ThermalProtection for MarylandStreams:GettingtheMostOutofDesignatedUses

Michael Kashiwagi [131]

1:30pm Discovery,FunandWatershedEducation–RightinYourOwnBackyard!

Betsy McMillion [118]

HowTheMBSSUsestheInternettoSpreadtheWord

Luke Roberson [123]

Partnership in StreamMonitoring – LoudonCounty,Virginia

David Ward [127]

TailwatertroutManagementinMaryland.Wheredidallthecoldwatergo?

Charlie Gougeon [132]

1:50pm ObservationsinAction:AnElementarySchoolTeacher’sExperiencewiththeMarylandBiologicalStreamSurveyLauren Catts [119]

MeetingCommunityNeeds:DevelopingPartnershipsBetweenLocalGovernmentsandVolunteerWaterMonitors

Chris French [128]

ThermalRegimeandStreamCharacteristicsinthePrettyboyReservoirWatershed

Dennis Genito [133]

2:30–3:00pm Break

Session Moving Forward Together – Panel Discussion on Effectively Using Volunteers’Contributions in the Mid-Atlantic

Film Forum

Room Auditorium K100A K100B L287 M157

Moderator Chris French(Alliance for the Chesapeake Bay)

Jenny Mulhern(MD DNR)

3:00pm JamesBeckley(VA),(TBA;MD),ChesapeakeBayProgram,NGOrepresentative

4:30pm Adjourn

Workshops and Field Trips

Wednesday August 10

1:00–3:30pm

Fiel

dTr

ip

Session Number*see descriptions

Topic Instructor Room

1 AgriculturalBestManagementPracticestoProtectStreams

EricHynes(CarrollCountySCD/NRCS)

ParkingLot

2 FishPITTagging DaveKazyak(UniversityofMaryland)

ParkingLot

3 FishSampling RebeccaBourquin(MDDNR)

ParkingLot

4 TourdeForest(AKARiparianBufferTour)

RonGraunke ParkingLot

3:30–5:10pm

Wor

ksho

ps

Session Number Topic Instructor Room1 BasicFishID RichRaesly(FrostburgState

University)M150

2 BasicBenthicMacroinvertebrateID NealDziepak(MDDNR)

C170

3 CrayfishID CaseySwecker(EnvironmentalSolutions&Innovations,Inc.)

C174

Thursday, August 11

8:30–10:30am

Wor

ksho

ps

Session Number Topic Instructor Room4 AdvancedFishID RichRaesly(FrostburgState

University)M150

5 Mayfly,Caddisfly,StoneflyID EllenFriedman(MDDNR)

C170

6 BasicMusselID MattAshton(MDDNR)

C174

12:30–2:30pm

Wor

ksho

ps

Session Number Topic Instructor Room7 AdvancedMusselID MattAshton

(MDDNR)C174

8 HowtoBuildaRainBarrel(CANCELLED)

OrganizerTBA TBA

9 Herpetofauna RachelGauza(AZA)

A215

3:00–5:00pmW

orks

hops

Session Number Topic Instructor Room10 Herpetofauna RachelGauza

(AZA)A215

11 BasicBenthicMacroinvertebrateID GingerNorth(DelawareNatureSociety)

C170

12 BasicFishID JayKilian(MDDNR)

M150

13 ColiscanEasygel–HowtoUseitLikeaPro

JamesBeckley(VADEQ)

K306

2:30–5:00pm

Fiel

dTr

ips

Session Number*see descriptions

Topic Instructor Room

5 HerpetofaunaSearch WilliamHarbold(MDDNR)

ParkingLot

6 BenthicMacroinvertebrateSampling DanBoward(MDDNR)

ParkingLot

7 NaturalistHike EricCreter(MarylandConservationCorps)

ParkingLot

8 CreekSnorkelingAdventures KeithWilliams(NorthBay)

ParkingLot

Friday, August 12

9:30–11:30

Wor

ksho

ps

Session Number Topic Instructor Room

14 BasicBenthicMacroinvertebrateID DennisGenito(BaltimoreCounty)

C170

15 FieldEquipmentBasics JamesBeckley(VADEQ)

K308

16 InvasivePlantIDandNativePlantPropagation

MattLustig(Hashawa)

C174

17 WetlandPlants ErinMclaughin(MDDNR)

A215

12:30–2:30

Wor

ksho

ps

Session Number Topic Instructor Room

18 FishTaxonomyTest RichRaesly(FrostburgStateUniversity)

M150

19 OrdonateTaxonomy RichardOrr(Mid-Atl.Invert.FieldStudies)

C174

20 BasicBenthicMacroinvertebrateID NealDziepak/EllenFriedman(MDDNR)

C170

21 MarcellusMonitoring JulieVastine(PAALLARM)

K306

2:30–5:00Fi

eld

Trip

s

Session Number*see descriptions

Topic Instructor Room

9 WetlandPlants JeffThompson(MDE)

ParkingLot

10 StreamGeomorphology MikePiper(KCI,Inc.)

ParkingLot

11 InvasivePlants KathrynLaycock(MDDNR)

ParkingLot

12 Hands-onWaterQualityandHabitatAssessment

MichaelKashiwagi(MDDNR)

ParkingLot

Saturday,August13

9:00–11:00

Fiel

dTr

ips

Session Number*see descriptions

Topic Instructor Room

13 FishSampling RebeccaBourquin(MDDNR)

ParkingLot

14 BenthicMacroinvertebrateSampling DanBoward(MDDNR)

ParkingLot

15 TourdeVolunteerForest(AKARiparianBufferTour)

PaulKazyak(MDDNR)

ParkingLot

16 AgriculturalBestManagementPracticetoProtectStreams

EricHynes(CarrollCountySCD/NRCS)

ParkingLot

Wor

ksho

ps

22 BasicBenthicMacroinvertebrateID PatrickGraves(MDDNR)

C170

23 BasicFishID AndyBecker(MDDNR)

M150

24 HerpetofaunaID WilliamHarbold(MDDNR)

A215

9:00–12:00

Fiel

dTr

ips

SessionNumber*seedescriptions

Topic Instructor Room

17 IdentifyingLegacySedimentsintheField,HistoricRecords,andRemoteImagery

DeborahSlawson(HedgerowLandEcologyServices)

TBA

Field Trip Descriptions FieldTrip1and16–Agricultural Best Management Practices to Protect Streams–Getyourboots

muddywhilelearningaboutthebestagriculturalBMPsinCarrollCounty.

FieldTrip2–PIT Tagging–Haveyoueveraskedyourself,“hey….where’smyfish?”LearnhowtokeeptrackofyourfinnyfriendsusingPassiveIntegratedTransponder(PIT)tagging–awidely-usedtechniqueincontemporaryfisheriesresearch.Lectureandworkshopcomponentswillincludecasestudiesandhands-onexperiences.

FieldTrip3and13–Fish Sampling–Whatscarycreaturelurksbeneaththatsubmergedboulder?

Experiencefirst-handthetechniquesusedtosamplefishinfreshwaterstreamsaswellasbasicidentificationofsomeofMaryland’s100freshwaterfishspecies.Hipwadersarerequired.

FieldTrip4–Tour de Forest (AKA Riparian Buffer Tour)–Tourseverallocalstreamsiteswithriparianbufferplantings.Learnwhysomesucceededandsomedidn’t.

FieldTrip5–Invasive Plants–Asifsnakeheadsandzebramusselsaren’tenough,ourstreamsmustdealwithahostofinvasiveplants.JoinaMDDNRbiologistonastreamsidetrektofindandidentifymanyMaryland’sinvasiveplants.

FieldTrip6and14–Benthic Macroinvertebrate Sampling–Everwonderwhatallthosestreamfisheat?Findoutbyturningoverarockandobservingbenthicmacroinvertebratesintheirnaturalhabitat.YouWILLgetwetonthisride.Oldsneakersaresuitable.

FieldTrip7-Naturalist Hike–Enjoya5-miletrekoverlandandthroughwaterwithnaturaliststoobserveandlearnaboutthefloraandfaunaofMorganRun(oldsneakersaresuitable).

FieldTrip8–Creek Snorkeling Adventures-Donsnorkelinggear(provided)andcrawlin!Discoverthewondersoffreshwaterstreamsupcloseandpersonalthroughthelensofasnorkelingmask.Properattirerequired.

FieldTrip9–Wetland Plants–FromAcer rubrumtoZizania aquatica,Maryland’swetlandssupportanincrediblevarietyofplantlife.JoinusasyousoakuplotsofinformationonMaryland’samazingwetlandplants!

FieldTrip10–Stream Geomorphology–Thalwegs,meanders,andbankfull....ohmy!Joinlocalstreamgeomorphologyexpertsasyoulearnthebasictechniquesusedtocharacterizestreamgeomorphology.

FieldTrip11–Herpetofauna Search–Snakesandlizardsandfrogs…ohmy!Hopintoalocalstreamtodiscovertheslimyherpetofaunathataresoessentialforhealthystreamecosystems.

FieldTrip12–Hands-on Water Quality and Habitat Assessment–Doesyourthalwegneedassessed?Haveyoucountedyourpebblestoday?Joinwaterqualityandhabitatexpertsasweexplorewaysofassessingthestreamwaterqualityandthephysicalhabitatthat’ssoimportanttothecritterstherein.

FieldTrip15–Tour de Volunteer Forest (AKA Riparian Buffer Tour)–TourseverallocalstreamsiteswithriparianbufferplantingscompletedbyVOLUNTEERS!Learnwhysomesucceededandsomedidn’t.

FieldTrip17-Identifying Legacy Sediments in the Field, Historic Records, and Remote Imagery-Legacysedimentsfromoldmilldamsareeverywhereinmid-Atlanticstreamsandtheiridentificationisessentialforunderstandingstreamandriparianphysicalandbiologicalimpairmentsandfordesigningstreamrestorations.Theirpresenceisveryfrequentlymissed.Thisisa"how-to"workshopontheGunpowderFallsRivernearHoffmanvilleinnorthernBaltimoreCounty.Pleasewearlongpantsandboots(youmaygetwet).

Notes:

Concurrentsession,workshopandfieldtriporganizers/instructorsnamesandaffiliationsareshowsaftertitles.Allconcurrentsession,workshopandfieldtriptimesaresubjecttochangependingavailabilityoforganizers/instructors.Roomcapacities:Auditorium–400;M157–70;K100B–100;K100A–100;L287–84;K116-50

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Academic/Administration Building

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C269 Classroom

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C270 Classroom

C271 Classroom

C272 Classroom

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Status and Trends: How are Maryland’s Streams Doing?

[1] Maryland Stream, River and Lake Sampling as Part of the National Aquatic Resource Surveys: Current Status and Future Assessments

EllenTarquinioUSEPAOfficeofWater1200PennsylvaniaAve.4503TWashingtonDC20460202-566-2267Tarquinio.ellen@epa.gov

Co-Authors:EllenTarquinio(USEPAOfficeofWater),MarshaJohnson(USEPAOfficeofWater),RichardMitchell(USEPAOfficeofWater),TredaGrayson(USEPAOfficeofWater)andSarahLehmann(USEPAOfficeofWater)

AkeygoaloftheNationalAquaticResourceAssessmentsistoestablishbaselinewaterqualityandbiologicalconditionestimatesfortheNation’ssurfacewatersusingstandardizedfield,lab,andanalyticalmethods.ThispresentationwillfocusonMaryland’sparticipationinthateffort,acrossstreams,riversandlakes,presentingdatainthecontextofthebroaderecoregion.Inadditiontocurrentstatus,anypreliminarydatafortheNationalRiversandStreamsAssessmentwillbepresentedaswellastheplansforfutureanalysisandsamplingtoestablishtrends.

Ms. Tarquinio has been working at the U.S. EPA Office of Water since 2004. She is the lead for the National Rivers and Streams Assessment, OW Technical Lead for the National Lakes Survey, and co-lead of the Landscape Ecology and Predictive Tools Guidance Document. Previously, she worked at the University of Maine and The New York State Department of Environmental Protection.

[2] Status and Trends of Non-tidal Chesapeake Streams and Rivers

AdamGriggsAquaticEcologistInterstateCommissiononthePotomacRiverBasin51MonroeSt.,SuitePE-8Rockville,MD20850301.274.8103www.potomacriver.org

Have20yearsofrestoration,conservationpractices,andpoint-sourcereductionsimprovedoverallconditionsinthewatershed,orareincreasingdevelopment,legacyeffects,andachangingclimateslowingourprogresstorestorethebay?Themulti-jurisdictional“Chessie”non-tidalbenthicdatabasewasusedtoexploretrendsinthestatusofmacroinvertebratecommunityconditionandselectstressorsfornon-tidalstreamsandriversoftheChesapeakeBayWatershed.Family-levelmacroinvertebratemetricsandregionalbenthicIBIswereusedtomeasurebenthiccommunityconditionandtotestfortrendsoverseveralscalesoftimeandspace.Datawereclassifiedbyphysiographicregion,relativestreamsize,andsamplingseason,inordertoquantifyandseparateinherentnaturalvariabilityandtobetteridentifymeaningfulchangesintheconditionofChesapeakestreamsandrivers.AnalysesfocusedonrepeatobservationsatuniquestationsacrosstheChesapeakeBasinfrom1993through2009.Atotalof5,932repeatbenthicsampleswereidentifiedat1,369stations,withtrendeventsthatrangedfrom2to29repeatobservationsforasinglestation.

Adam Griggs is an Aquatic Ecologist with the Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin, where he specializes in the development and use of biological indicators to identify causes of degradation in the non-tidal rivers and streams of the Chesapeake Basin. He is a native of the Monocacy River Watershed and holds an M.S. in Environmental Biology from Hood College and a genus-level taxonomic certification from the North American Benthological Society. Additionally, Adam serves on the board of the Catoctin Land Trust and is an avid paddler, fly-fisherman, gardener and naturalist.

[3] Status and Trends in the Ecological Condition of Maryland Streams and Rivers: Results of the Maryland Biological Stream Survey and Long-term Monitoring Programs

MarkSoutherlandVersar,Inc.9200RumseyRoadColumbia,MD21045410-740-6074msoutherland@versar.com

Co-authors:BethFranks(Versar,Inc.),TonyProchaskaandEllenFriedman,(MarylandDNR)

Theprobability-basedsurveydesignoftheMarylandBiologicalStreamSurvey(MBSS)providesrobustestimatesofstreamconditionsatvaryinggeographicscales.MBSSRound1(1995-1997)andRound3(2007-2009)providestatisticallyvalidconditionestimatesbothstatewideandby12majortributarybasinswhileRound2(2000-2004)providesestimatesatthescaleofindividualorcombinedMaryland12-digitwatersheds.Biologicalintegrity(fishandbenthicmacroinvertebrate)scoresintegrateperturbations(naturalandanthropogenic)overtimeandareusefulindicatorsoftheoverallconditionofstreams,whilephysicalandchemicalintegrityprovideevidenceofspecificstressors.Oneofthemostimportantquestionsformanagingwaterresourcesis,howistheconditionofstreamschangingovertime?TheMBSSisdesignedtodetecttrendsinstreamconditioninthreeways:(1)changesacrossmultiple-yearroundsofstatewidesampling,(2)annualchangesinstatewideassessmentswithpartialcoverageofwatersheds,and(3)annualchangesatsentinelsites.Statewide,thepercentageofstreammilesingoodconditionincreasedby5-7%fromRound1toRound3,whilethepercentageofstreammilesinverypoorconditiondecreasedbyacomparableamount.MarylandDNRalsomaintainsalong-termmonitoringprogram(referredtoastheCore/TrendProgram)thatwasinitiatedinthemid-1970s.Monitoringstationsonmajorfreshwaterrivers(e.g.,Choptank,Gunpowder,Patapsco,Patuxent,Susquehanna,Potomac,andYoughioghenyRiverbasins)throughoutthestatearesampledregularlytoprovideinformationonwaterqualityandbenthicmacroinvertebratecommunityhealth.Waterqualitysampleshavebeencollectedmonthlyat54monitoringstationssince1986,whilebenthicmacroinvertebratecommunitieshavebeensampledregularlyat116monitoringstationsstartingasearlyas1976.Wepresentlong-termtrendsinwaterquality(1986-2010)andbenthiccommunityhealth(1976-2006)formajorriversinMaryland,includingdemonstrableimprovements.Theobservedimprovementssuggestthataggressivemanagementactions(e.g.,upgradesinwastewatertreatmentplantsandacidminedrainagemitigation)canbeeffectiveinimprovingconditionsforMaryland’saquaticresources.

Mark Southerland, Ph.D., PMP, CSE, has been supporting federal, state, and local water quality programs since 1988. He was the lead author of the EPA national program guidance on biological criteria and has been the lead consultant on the Maryland Biological Stream Survey for the Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR) since 1993. He also supports the impaired waters, stressor identification, and TMDL programs for the Maryland Department of the Environment (MDE). Mark currently serves as chair of the Maryland Water Monitoring Board and is an original member of the Howard County Environmental Sustainability Board.

[4] Streams in Maryland’s National Parks, How are They Doing?

MarianNorrisWaterResourcesSpecialistInventoryandMonitoringProgramNationalCapitalRegionNetwork4598MacArthurBlvd.,NWWashington,DC20007Phone:202-342-1443x206CellPhone:(757)630-5661Fax:(202)282-1031marian_norris@nps.govhttp://www1.nature.nps.gov/im/units/ncrn/index.cfm

TheInventoryandMonitoringProgramisamajorcomponentoftheNationalParkService’sstrategytoimproveparkmanagementthroughgreaterrelianceonscientificinformation.Nationwide,270nationalparkshavebeengroupedinto32VitalSignsNetworkslinkedbygeographicsimilarities,commonnaturalresources,andresourceprotectionchallenges.Thenetworkapproachfacilitatescollaboration,informationsharing,andeconomiesofscaleinnaturalresourcemonitoring.TheNationalCapitalRegionInventoryandMonitoringNetwork(NCRN)encompasses11parkunitsinVirginia,WestVirginia,MarylandandtheDistrictofColumbia.InMarylandNCRNincludesAntietamNationalBattlefield,CatoctinMountainPark,MonocacyNationalBattlefield,andNationalCapitalParks–East.NCRNhascollectedstreamwaterchemistryandquantitydataintheseparkssince2005.ThispresentationwilldiscusstrendsinstreamwaterqualityandquantityacrosstheNationalCapitalRegionwithafocusonthese4parks.DatacollectedbystafffromCatoctinsince1978,andMonocacysince2004willalsobeincluded.

Marian is in charge of the water monitoring program for the National Capital Region Inventory and Monitoring Network of the National Park Service. She began monitoring as a volunteer in high school. Since then she has worked in systems ranging from agricultural headwater streams to urban estuaries, and from freshwater riparian zones to tidal saltmarshes. Before joining the National Park Service, she developed several Hydrogeomorphic Functional Assessment models for urban wetlands in New Jersey, and researched and developed environmental education curricula.

[5] Just What is the Condition of Baltimore County Streams?

DennisGenitoBaltimoreCountyDepartmentofEnvironmentalProtectionandSustainability105WestChesapeakeAvenue,Suite400Towson,MD21204(410)887-4488ext.243dgenito@baltimorecountymd.gov

BaltimoreCountyhascollectedprobabilisticstreambenthicandphysicalhabitatdatasince2003.Streamsinthenorthernpartofthecountyaresampledineven-numberedyears,whilestreamsinthesouthernpartofthecountyaresampledinodd-numberedyears.ThissamplingregimeisroughlyalignedwiththeUrban-RuralDemarcationLine,whichallowsforsomeexaminationofwaterqualityinrelationtourbanandruraldevelopmentpatternsandforestcover.Streamconditionwasgenerallybetterinthenorthernpartofthecounty,asmeasuredbybiologicalandphysicalhabitatindices.Withineachregion,streamswithmoreforestcoverwereconsistentlyhigherinbiologicalandphysicalquality.Sometrendsinstreamqualityrelatedtoannualprecipitationpatternswerenoted.

Dennis has managed the biological and geomorphological sampling programs at the Baltimore County Department of Environmental Protection and Sustainability since 2007. He is responsible for benthic and fish field data collection and analysis, and is the primary macroinvertebrate taxonomist. He also collects and analyzes cross-sectional and longitudinal profile data for stream restoration projects in Baltimore County.

[6] Montgomery County Streams – Change and Recovery

JenniferSt.JohnMontgomeryCountyDEPJennifer.St.John@montgomerycountymd.gov

Co-Authors:KeithVanNess(MontgomeryCountyDEP)

MontgomeryCounty’sstreammonitoringprogrambeganinthe1970’swithanemphasisonwaterqualitysampling.Thefirstcounty-widebiologicallybasedstreammonitoringprogrambeganin1994.ThisprogramproducedtheCounty-wideStreamProtectionStrategy(CSPS)establishingwatershedconditions,managementcategoriesandstreamrestorationpriorities.SpecialProtectionArea(SPA)streammonitoringalsobeganin1994.Throughaninteragencypartnership,SPAstreammonitoringintheClarksburgSPAhasrecordedchangesinstreamconditionsbefore,duringand,insomeareas,afterdevelopment.Monitoringlinkschangesinthelandscapetochangesinhydrology,morphologyandbiology.Streamrestorationprojectmonitoringdocumentsthecumulativebenefitsanurbanwatershedhasreceivedfromover20yearsofrestorationefforts.Monitoringresultsfromtheseprogramsareusedtohelpanswerhowarethesestreamsdoing.

Jennifer St. John is a watershed planner with Montgomery County’s Department of Environmental Protection, Watershed Management Division. She oversees the County’s restoration monitoring program and works with County engineers to implement restoration projects throughout the County. Before becoming a planner, Jennifer was a water quality specialist for the County, responsible for assessing baseline watershed health, effects of development on water quality in Special Protection Areas (SPAs), and effectiveness of stream restoration.

Dam(n) Lessons Learned

[7] Chesapeake Bay Fish Passage Prioritization

JulieDeversMarylandFisheryResourcesOfficeU.S.FishandWildlifeService177AdmiralCochraneDr.Annapolis,MD21401410-573-4508Julie_devers@fws.gov

Co-Authors:JimThompson(MarylandDNR),MaryAndrews(NationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration)andSteveMinkkinen(U.S.FishandWildlifeService)

Americanshad(shad)andriverherringwerehistoricallyamajorfisheryresourceintheChesapeakeBayandacommonfoodforNativeAmericantribes.However,landingsofAmericanshadinMarylanddeclinedfrom7millionpoundsin1890to18,000poundsin1979.Harvestandhabitatlossduetomanmadebarriersaretwocontributorstothedeclines.Overthepastcenturymanymanmadebarriershavefallenoutofuseandintodisrepair.Whilemanyfishpassagewaysoverbarrierswerebuiltinthelatterpartofthe20thcentury,biologistandengineersagreethatbarrierremovalisthebestoptionforprovidingfishpassage.Becausebarrierremovalsareoftenexpensiveandfundingislimited,theFishPassageTaskgroupoftheChesapeakeBayProgramhasbeenworkingtodevelopatoolthatwillsupportdecisionsaboutwherefishpassagedollarsshouldbespenttoprovidethemostbenefittomigratoryandresidentfishspecies.ThiseffortstartedwithapilotfishpassageprioritizationinMaryland.However,metricsforrankingfishpassageprojectshavebeendevelopedincollaborationwiththeStatesofMD,VAandPA,Federalagencies(NOAA,NRCS,andUSFWS)andAmericanRivers.NOAAandtheUSFWShaveprovidedfundingtoTheNatureConservancytoadvancetheeffortsoftheChesapeakeBayFishPassageTaskgroupindevelopingawatershed-wideprioritizationprocedure.Specifically,TNCwilldevelopupdateddatabasesinMaryland,Virginia,andPennsylvaniathatcanbeusedtocalculatecomparableEcologicalValueCriteriaandrelatedmetricsfortheChesapeakeBaywatershed.Themetricswillbeusedtoproducearelativeprioritizationofdams,largelyfollowingthemodelusedinTNC’sNEAFWAworkwithamendmentsbytheChesapeakeBayFishPassageTaskgroup.Inaddition,theprojectwillcreateaChesapeakeConnectivityAssessmentToolthatwillbeeasytouse,canbeupdatedovertimewithnewdataorcriteria,andcanbeusedatrelevantscalesofanalysis.

Julie Devers is a Fishery Biologist at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s Maryland Fishery Resources Office in Annapolis, MD. She previously worked at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s White Sulphur Springs National Fish Hatchery and Southwest Virginia Field Office. Julie has a B.S. in biology from Millersville University and an M.S. in fisheries science from Virginia Tech.

[8] Designing and Implementing Dam Removal Projects in the Context of the Regulatory Climate: The Simkins Dam Removal Case Study

MaryPittekAndrewsNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministrationRestorationCenterAnnapolis,MD,USA410-267-5644mary.andrews@noaa.gov

Co-authors-SerenaMcClain(AmericanRivers)andMathiasCollins(NOAA)

Damremovalisanevolvingfieldwhere,asremovalscontinuetogaintractionasarespectedriverrestorationtechnique,hotbuttontopicsandcomplicatedengineeringquestionsareemergingthatbifurcatetherestoration,engineeringandregulatorycommunity.TheSimkinsDamRemovalprojectwillbeusedtoexaminekeyissuesimpactingdamremovalprojectsinthecontextofthelatestinscientificresearch,engineeringpracticesandpoliticalclimate.Thepracticalapplicabilityoftheseissues,suchassedimentmanagement,willbediscussedinlightoftheirreal-lifeconstraints.TheSimkinsDamwasa10-fthighconcretedamonthePatapscoRiverwithinthePatapscoValleyStateParkareatwomileseastofEllicottCity,Maryland.Thedamwaslocatedjustupstreamofthe34foothighBloedeDam.NOAA,AmericanRivers,andotherpartnerscontractedwithInterfluvetodesigntheremovaloftheSimkinsDam.TogetherwiththeBloedeDamremovalandtherecentremovaloftheUnionDam,theSimkinsremovalwillresultinpassagefordiadramousfish(alewife,bluebackherring,Americaneel),freeflowingriverconditions,restoredsedimenttransportprocessesandreducesafetyconcernsrelatedtoanagingdamstructureinawaterwayheavilyusedforwater-basedrecreationalactivities.Thispresentationwillfocusontheregulatoryrequirementsanddesigninformationrequiredtopermitthepassivesedimentmanagementapproach,includingtheDREAMsedimenttransportmodel,soilanalysisforgrainsizeandcontaminants,adaptivemanagementplan,andmonitoringapproach.Wewillalsoinvestigatethereallifeimplicationsofpermitrequirementsduringconstruction,modificationsmadetosedimentanderosioncontrolfeaturesandcompareandcontrastalternativeapproachesforadamremovalcompletedjustupstreamoftheSimkinssite.

Mary P.Andrews, P.E. is an environmental engineer with the NOAA Restoration Center in Annapolis, MD. She has been working in the restoration field for more than 10 years on wetlands restoration and dam removal projects.

[9] Flow and Suspended-Sediment Monitoring at Three Stream gages on the Patapsco River, Maryland, October 2010 to March 2011

WilliamS.L.Banks,HydrologistU.S.GeologicalSurvey5522ResearchParkDr.Baltimore,MD21228443-498-5604wsbanks@usgs.gov

Co-Authors:MichaelK.Myers(U.S.GeologicalSurvey)

TheUnitedStatesGeologicalSurvey(USGS),incooperationwithNOAAandAmericanRiversisdeterminingflowandmonitoringsedimenttransportinordertocalculatedaily,monthly,andannualsedimentloadsatthreestreamgagesonthePatapscoRiver,Maryland.ThestreamgageswereestablishedpriortotheremovalofSimkinsDam,anineteenthcentury,low-headmilldam.Thedamnolongerprovidedindustrialbenefit,posedasafetyhazard,andobstructedanadramousandcatadramousfishmigration.Computationofsedimentloadsanddischargewillbeusedtomonitortheimpactofthedamremovalontheaquaticandriparian-zonehabitatoftheriver,andtosupporttheplanningprocessfortheremovalofanotherdamfurtherdownstreamonthePatapscoRiver.Priortodamremoval,estimatesofthevolumeofimpoundedsedimentrangedfrombetween90,000to100,000cubicyardsofpredominatelysand-sizedmaterial.ThreeUSGSstreamgagesontheriverarebeingusedtocontinuouslymonitorriverstageandturbidity.Inaddition,suspended-sedimentsamplesarecollectedperiodicallyatbaseflowandduringstormevents.ThetwodownstreamstreamgageswereestablishedforthisstudyanddatacollectionbeganinOctober2010.Streamflowandstagedatafromallthreesitescanbeaccessedonthewebathttp://waterdata.usgs.gov/md/nwis/rt.Allsuspended-sedimentsamples,aswellascontinuouslycollectedturbiditydata,provideinformationthatisusedtocalculateinstantaneoussuspended-sedimentconcentration,aswellsassuspended-sedimentloads.Initialanalysisofthedatacollectedoverthefirstninemonthsofmonitoringsuggestapositivecorrelationbetweensuspended-sedimentconcentration,dischargeandstage,andturbidityatallthreestreamgages.Selectsampleanalysisforparticlesizeindicatesapositivecorrelationbetweengrainsizeanddischargeorstage.

Mr. Banks is a hydrologist with the U.S. Geological Survey in Baltimore, Maryland. For the past 8 years Mr. Banks has been studying sediment sourcing and transport in the Piedmont and Coastal Plane streams in Maryland and Pennsylvania. Currently, Mr. Banks is part of a study team looking at the effects of the removal of Simkins Dam on the Patapsco River.

[10] Geomorphic Monitoring of the Patapsco River Following the Removal of the Simkins Dam, Patapsco River, Maryland

GrahamC.BoardmanMcCormickTaylor,Inc.509SouthExeterStreet,4thFloorBaltimore,Maryland21202410-662-7400gcboardman@mtmail.biz

Co-Authors:MaryAndrews(NOAARestorationCenter),MathiasCollins(AmericanRivers),SerenaMcClain(UniversityofMarylandBaltimoreCounty),Dr.AndrewMiller(JohnsHopkinsUniversity)andDr.PeterWilcock(JohnsHopkinsUniversity)

TheSimkinsDamwasremovedinlate2010aspartofthePatapscoRiverRestorationProjectaimedatrestoringcriticalspawningandrearinghabitatforAmericaneel,alewife,bluebackherring,yellowandwhiteperch,andAmericanshad.Theprojectteamandregulatorselectedforpassivesedimentmanagementwherebythedepositwasneitherdredgednorprotectedfromnaturalfluvialerosionandthusmuchofitwastransportedanddepositedinthedownstreamreaches.Thisapproachwarrantedanextensivemonitoringprogramincludingpre-andpost-removalevaluationofsuspendedsedimentandriverstageattwodownstreamUSGSstreamgages,fishandmacroinvertebrates,andstreamchannelgeomorphology.Thegeomorphologystudyincludes31permanentlybenchmarkedcrosssections,over100benchmarkedphotomonitoringpoints,fiveDigitalElevationModels(DEMs)includingimpoundmentbathymetryovernearly2.5linearmiles,anddetailedfaciesmappingateachofthecrosssections.Thisdiachronousstudyincludedsurveyeffortsundertakenin2010beforedamremoval,againinearlySpring2011post-damremoval,andfollowingastormeventinSpring2011.SurveyeffortswillberepeatedintheFallof2011andintheSpringandFallof2012.Onesurveyeffortisreservedtorecordgeomorphicchangesimmediatelyfollowingasignificantstormeventduringthemonitoringperiod.Theprimarygoalofthestreamchannelgeomorphologystudyistounderstandtheupstreamanddownstreamgeomorphicresponseoftherivertothedamremovalbydocumentingmorphologicchanges,themovementandtransientstorageofsediment,andbedsedimentgrainsizechanges.Changesinchannelmorphologyandtheratesatwhichtheyoccurhaveimportantimplicationsfortheproject’secologic,engineering,aesthetic,andrecreationobjectives.PreliminaryconclusionsarealsoprovidedbasedonthepredictionsmadeintheDREAM-1Modelpreparedpriortodamremovalandtheobservedresults.Herewedescribetheestablishmentofthesurveyaswellaspresentpreliminaryresultsobservedinthemonthsprecedingandfollowingdamremoval.

Mr. Graham C. Boardman is a Fluvial Geomorphologist at McCormick Taylor. Mr. Boardman focuses on stream restoration design, dam removal, river assessment and monitoring.

[11] Patapsco River Dam Removal Study: Assessing Changes in American Eel Distribution and Aquatic Communities

WilliamHarboldNaturalResourcesBiologistC-2TawesStateOfficeBuilding580TaylorAvenueAnnapolis,MD21403410-260-8682wharbold@dnr.md.state.us

TheMarylandBiologicalStreamSurvey(MBSS)incollaborationwithAmericanRivers,NOAA,andtheDNRFisheriesService,isperformingbiologicalmonitoringintheLowerNorthBranchPatapscoRiveraspartoftheremovalofSimkins,UnionandBloededams.ThegoalsofthisprojectaretodeterminethepotentialimpactsofdamremovalonthedistributionofAmericaneels(Anguillarostrata)andotherdiadromousfishspecies,aswellasonotherfishandbenthicmacroinvertebratecommunitiesinthePatapscoRiver.Samplingwasconductedat26sitesinspringandsummerof2009-2011andwillcontinuethrough2012tomorefullyassessthechangestotheriverafterthedamsareremoved.RemovalofUnionDamwascompletedinSeptemberof2010andtheremovalofSimkinsDamwascompletedinJanuary2011.ThefeasibilityofremovingBloedeDamiscurrentlyunderinvestigation.AmericaneelswerepresentatallsitesexceptasmalltributaryjustupstreamofSimkinsDam,buteelsdecreasedinabundancewithincreasingdistanceupstream.Whatcausedthisdistributionpatternorhowthepatternmightchangeoncethedamsaregoneisnotknown.Sevenspeciesofdiadromousfishwerecollectedintheriverinspring2011,butonlytwoofthosespecieswerecollectedaboveBloedeDam-andindicationthatthestructuremaycreateamigrationbarrierinspiteofitsfishladder.Benthicmacroinvertebrateindicesofbioticintegrityweredrasticallydifferentbetween2009and2010,and2011benthicsamplingprotocolswereadjustedinanattempttodeterminethecauseofthosedifferences.Thetwoyearsofdatacollectedthusfar(analysisofthethirdyearisunderway)arenotsufficienttodrawconclusionsonthedamremovalsimpactsonwaterqualityandbenthicmacroinvertebrates.ContinuedmonitoringshouldbehelpfulindeterminingdamremovaleffectsonwaterchemistryaswellasfishandbenthicmacroinvertebratecommunitiesinthePatapscoRiver.

William Harbold graduated from the State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry in Syracuse, NY with a B.S. in conservation biology in May 2010. He has been working as a biologist for the Maryland Biological Stream Survey since June 2010.

Freshwater Mussels[12] Human Activities and the Capacity for Native Freshwater Mussels (Unionidae) to Mitigate Cultural Eutrophication in the Chesapeake Bay

DanielE.SpoonerUSGSNorthernAppalachianLaboratoryUniversityofMassachusettsDepartmentofEnvironmentalConservation176StraightRunRoadWellsboro,PA570-724-2754,ext3322dspooner45@gmail.com

TheChesapeakeBaywatershedcurrentlyfacesanunprecedentedchallengeofbalancingtheneedsofagrowingpopulationwiththoseofanecologicallyfragilefreshwater-marineecotone.Assuch,urbanizationandagriculturalland-covermodificationshaveledtoincreasedheadwaternutrientexportrateswithcascadingeutrophicimpactsontheChesapeakeBayecosystem.Tomitigatetheseimpacts,manyhavesuggestedusingoysterbedaquacultureandharvestingasamechanismtosequesternutrientsfromtheBay.Unfortunately,thepotentialfornativefreshwatermusselstomitigatenutrientpollutionhasbeenlargelyneglected,whichisespeciallyunfortunatesincenativemusselsareoftenfoundinregionsofhighernutrientTMDL.HereIoutlinetheecologicalmechanismsforwhichnativefreshwatermusselsprovideimportantecosystemservices,comparetheseservicesonadollarperdollarbasistoothernutrientremovalstrategies,anddiscussthecontextforwhichtheseservicesmaybeimportantwhencombinedwithothernutrientreductionstrategies.

Daniel Spooner is a Research Associate at the USGS Northern Appalachian Laboratory. He received his PhD from the University of Oklahoma, “Linking physiology, species traits and environmental context to biodiversity and ecosystem function”. Daniel is interested in the link between abiotic and biotic components within ecosystems. Currently, he studies how freshwater mussel communities provide ecological services and how these services change under varying climate and land-use regimes. This involves understanding species interactions among individuals within a community; physiological responses to disturbances (climate change and land-use); and an understanding of biogeochemical interactions among consumers and producers along gradients of disturbance.

[13] Using Predictive Distribution Models to Find the Dwarf Wedgemussel in Maryland

CaraA.CampbellU.S.GeologicalSurveyNorthernAppalachianResearchLaboratory176StraightRunRd.Wellsboro,PA16901570-724-3322x231ccampbell@usgs.gov

Co-Authors:RobertH.Hilderbrand(UniversityofMarylandCenterforEnvironmentalScience)

OnemusselspeciesofparticularimportancetostatesalongtheAtlanticslopeisthefederallyendangereddwarfwedgemussel,Alasmidonta heterodon.Maintainingandrestoringviablepopulationsiscentraltorecoveryefforts,yetthesparseandfragmentednatureofthespeciesmakeslocatingpopulationsdifficult.Weareusinglandscapeandbiologicalcommunitydatafordistributionmodelstodiscoverunknownpopulations.ModeldevelopmentbeganinMarylandusinghierarchicalstreamsegmentattributesandpotentialmusselandfishsurrogatespeciesidentifiedthroughcommunityanalyses.FivevariablespredictedA. heterodonoccurrencewithanerrorratebelow6%:positioninthestreamnetwork,woodywetlands,Miocenegeology(maybeageographicartifact),precipitation,andthepresenceofredbreastsunfish.Inthehabitatonlymodel,redbreastsunfishwasreplacedwithintensityofdevelopmentinthedrainagebasin.ApplicationofthepredictivemodelinaGISidentifiedstreamsegmentswiththepotentialtocontainA. heterodon.Thesepredictionscandirectfuturesnorkelsurveysandpotentiallyuncoverunknownpopulations.

Cara holds a Masters Degree in Wildlife and Fisheries Conservation from the University of Massachusetts and is currently pursuing a Ph.D. at the University of Maryland. She has been working in research with the federal government for 20 years, and is currently a research fishery biologist at the US Geological Survey’s Northern Appalachian Research Laboratory in Wellsboro, Pennsylvania.

[14] Freshwater Mussel Survey of the Potomac River Mainstem

JamesD.CumminsTheInterstateCommissiononthePotomacRiverBasinSuitePE-0851MonroeStreetRockville,Maryland,20850301-274-8106jcummins@icprb.org

Co-Authors:JanDucnuigeen(TheInterstateCommissiononthePotomacRiverBasin),AdamGriggs(TheInterstateCommissiononthePotomacRiverBasin),andMattAshton(MarylandDNR)

Amulti-year,two-phasefreshwatermusselsurveyofthePotomacRivermainstemwasinitiatedbytheInterstateCommissiononthePotomacRiverBasinin2009.Theprimaryobjectivesofthissurveyare;1)augmentbiologicalinformationcollectedatstudyreachesestablishedinthePotomacRiver’smainstemthroughanationwidesurveyoflargeriverconductedbytheUSEPA,2)improveourunderstandingofthestatusofPotomacRivermusselspecies,theirtemporalvariationandtrends,relationshiptotheriver’sgeneralhealth,and3)helpevaluatehowmusselcommunitiesintypicalsectionsofthePotomacrivercomparewithsectionspotentiallyimpactedbypollutionoralteredflows,especiallywherelow-flowsareexacerbatedbyconsumptivewateruses.Surveyparametersincludespeciesrichness,relativeabundance,density,recruitment,andpresenceofanystateorfederallyrare,threatenedorendangeredmussels.Phase1wasconductedin2009whenfreshwatermusselhabitatwasqualitativelyevaluatedandmappedforfourmainstemriversegments.ThisworkwasperformedwithassistancefromtheMarylandDNRandtheUSGSLeetownScienceCenter,AquaticEcologyBranch.Estimatesofsearchefficiencieswerecalculatedthroughtimedvisualsnorkelsurveysconductedat11randomlocationswithinriversegments.Phase2beganin2010withanintensivequantitativesurveyconductedata4kilometerriversegmentjustdownstreamofDam#5nearWilliamsport,Maryland.Sixmussel’sspeciesrepresentedbysixty-oneindividualmusselswerecollected,includingtwoMarylandendangeredspecies;theBrookFloater(Alasmidonta varicosa)andtheGreenFloater(Lasmigona subviridis),twospeciesformerlyconsideredextirpatedinthisportionofthePotomacRivermainstem.One-hundredandfifty-six0.25m²quadratswereexaminedbyvisualexaminationofthesurface(detectionrate2.5min/individual)andone-hundredandfourbyexcavationtoapproximately10cmdepth(detectionrate11.9min/individual).Basedupondensityestimatesover200,000musselsarepresentinthe4kilometerriverreach.Musselsprovidesignificantecologicalbenefitsincluding;filteringandimprovedwaterquality,food-chainenhancement,habitatcreation,andcarbonate(CO2)sequestration.Thepresenceofthestateendangeredmusselsisimportantforconsiderationsofproposedconstructionordisturbanceactivities,waterwithdrawal,anddischargepermits.Phase2willcontinue,fundingpermitting,into2012withadditionalriverreachassessments.

Director of the Living Resources Section of the Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin. Masters of Science in Biology (1985) from George Washington University. Major duties and responsibilities include interstate coordination, stimulation and implementation of projects relating to fisheries biology, natural resource development and management, aquatic ecology, and habitat restoration and enhancement.

[15] Freshwater Mussel Conservation in Virginia—Using Propagation as a Recovery Tool

BrianT.WatsonVADepartmentofGame&InlandFisheries1132ThomasJeffersonRoadForest,VA24551(434)525-7522,x114Brian.Watson@dgif.virginia.gov

TheCommonwealthofVirginiaranks6thintheU.S.forfreshwatermusseldiversitywith81species.However,muchlikethenationaltrend,manyofthesespeciesareimperiledwith38species(47%)listedasfederallyand/orstateendangeredorthreatened.Likewise,62species(77%)arelistedontheCommonwealth’sWildlifeActionPlanasSpeciesofGreatestConservationNeed.Inanefforttorestorethishighlyimperiledtaxa,theVirginiaDepartmentofGame&InlandFisheries(DGIF)hasbeenaleaderinusingpropagationasarecoverytool.In1998,DGIFstartedtheAquaticWildlifeConservationCenter(AWCC)inMarionprimarilyasafacilitytoholdadultmusselsfromtheUpperTNRiverBasinincasesofenvironmentalcalamitiesbutalsoasapropagationfacility.Withadvancesinpropagation,thefacilityhastransitionedtoapropagationfacility.Since2003,AWCChaspropagatedover4.4millionjuvenilemusselsrepresenting26speciesandreleasednearly700,000musselsofvarioussizesrepresenting20species.Priorto2008,themaingoalwastoreleasepropagatedmusselsonetotwomonthsaftertransformation.Becauseindividualsreleasedusingthesemethodswererarelyrecoveredataugmentationsites,ourstrategychangedtoculturingindividualstolargersizesbeforetheirrelease.Whilethischangehasresultedinproducingfewermussels,theonesproducedarelargeenoughtobetaggedandrecovered.FollowingonthesuccessoftheAWCC,DGIFstarteda

cooperativemusselpropagationfacilityin2007withtheU.S.Fish&WildlifeServiceattheirHarrisonLakeNationalFishHatcheryinCharlesCity.TheVirginiaFisheriesandAquaticWildlifeCenter(VFAWC)workssolelywithAtlanticSlopemusselspeciesfillingacriticalneedinfreshwatermusselrecovery.Since2008,VFAWChaspropagatedover1.2millionmusselsrepresentingninespeciesandreleasedover5,0002-3yearoldmusselsrepresentingthreespecies.

Brian Watson currently works for the Virginia Department of Game & Inland Fisheries and serves as their Aquatic Invertebrate Biologist specializing in freshwater mollusks. Prior to joining DGIF in 2002 Brian worked for the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission as a Nongame Aquatics Biologist. Brian received his B.S. degree in Marine Science/Biology from the University of Tampa in 1994 and his M.S. degree in Fisheries Science from Virginia Tech in 1998.

[16] Experimental Stocking of American Eels in the Susquehanna River Watershed

JulieDeversMarylandFisheryResourcesOfficeU.S.FishandWildlifeService177AdmiralCochraneDr.,Annapolis,MD21401410-573-4508Julie_devers@fws.gov

Co-Authors:SteveMinkkinen(U.S.FishandWildlifeService)andIanPark(U.S.FishandWildlifeService)andWilliamLellis(U.S.FishandWildlifeService)andHeatherGalbraith(U.S.FishandWildlifeService)

AmericaneelpopulationshavebeendecliningalongtheAtlanticcoast.ConowingoDam,atmile10oftheSusquehannaRiver,blocksAmericaneelsfromaccessing43%ofpreviouslyavailablehabitatintheChesapeakeBaywatershed.FollowingtheconstructionoflargemainstemdamsintheSusquehannaRiver,eelswerestockedsporadicallyuntil1980.However,noeelshavebeencapturedinPennsylvaniaFishandBoatCommissionsurveysintheSusquehannaRiversince1980.Inadditiontoverylowabundanceofeelsfoundintheriver,Elliptio complanata,acommonfreshwatermusselspeciesinmostmid-Atlanticstreamsandrivers,isrelativelylowinabundanceintheSusquehannaRiverwatershed.LaboratorytestsconductedbyU.S.GeologicalSurveyandU.S.FishandWildlifeServicesuggestthatAmericaneelsplayanimportantroleintheE. complanatalifecyclebyhostingthemussel’slarvaeontheirgills.TheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicehasbeenworkingsince2006toassessthebestmethodsforcapturingeelsbelowConowingoDam.ThesuccessfulcaptureofeelsbelowthedamprovidesanopportunityforexperimentalstockingofeelsnearfreshwatermusselbedsintheSusquehannaRiverBasintodetermineifthereintroductionofeelssignificantlyincreasesrecruitmentinE. complanatapopulations.Followingbaselinefishandmusselsurveys,experimentaleelstockingsintwotributariesbeganin2010andwillcontinuethrough2012.Fishandmusselpopulationswillbemonitoreduntil2019.IfeelsarethemissinglinktoabundantE. complanatapopulationsintheSusquehannaRiver,restoringeelscouldalsorestorethisfaunaandresultinimprovedwaterquality.

Julie Devers is a Fishery Biologist at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s Maryland Fishery Resources Office in Annapolis, MD. She previously worked at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s White Sulphur Springs National Fish Hatchery and Southwest Virginia Field Office. Julie has a B.S. in biology from Millersville University and an M.S. in fisheries science from Virginia Tech.

[17] How a State-Wide Stream Survey Can Aid in Understanding Freshwater Mussel (Bivalvia: Unionidae) Ecology: Examples of Utility and Limitations from Maryland

MatthewJ.AshtonMarylandDNRMonitoringandNon-tidalAssessmentDivision580TaylorAve.C-2Annapolis,MD21401.(410)260-8604mashton@dnr.state.md.us

Gapsinourknowledgeoffreshwatermussellifehistory,distributionandecologyremaineventhoughtheirstudyhasincreasedconsiderablyoverthepastfewdecades.Thesetypesofstudieshavetraditionallytakenplacewithinapopulation,river,orlargerdrainageunit,butrarelyacrossabroadlandscape,suchasastate.Giventheimperiledstatusofamajorityoffreshwatermusselspeciesalternativeopportunitiestocollectpotentiallyvaluabledatacannotbeoverlooked.Wepresentresultsfromastatewidebiologicalmonitoringprogram,theMarylandBiologicalStreamSurvey,offerexamplesofanalysesthatcanbeconductedwithsuchdata,anddiscusstheutilityandlimitationsofincorporatingfreshwatermusselsintostreamassessments.Since2007,wehaveencountered11ofthe16unionidspeciesextantinMarylandduringassessmentsofwadeablestreamsbyusinganinformalvisualsurveyandrecordingincidentalobservations.Onseveraloccasions,wehavediscoverednewpopulationsofimperiledmusselsorextendedaspeciesdistribution.Thebiologicalandphysiochemical

datacollectedatsitescoincidentwithfreshwatermusselpresencehasallowedustoinvestigatefactorspotentiallylimitingspeciesdistribution,suchasfish-hostdynamics,habitatquality,nutrientconcentration,andlanduse.Wefeelthatbyaddingminimaleffortintoabiologicalmonitoringprogram,invaluabledatacanbecollectedthatcanhelpresourcemanagers,malacologists,andresearchersansweravarietyofquestions.Furtherworkisneededtoinvestigatethecost-benefitsofadditionalsamplingeffortasthiscouldvarymarkedlyamongmolluscanfaunalregionsandprojectspecificobjectives.

Matt is a Natural Resource Biologist with Maryland DNR’s Monitoring and Non-Tidal Assessment division and serves as the freshwater mussel expert for the Maryland Biological Stream Survey. Masters of Science (2005) earned from Tennessee Technological University where he researched the status, distribution and habitat use of an endangered darter and various aspects rare fish ecology and freshwater mussel life history and conservation.

Invasive Species[18] Invasive Species and Maryland DNR

SarahWidmanMarylandDNR580TaylorAvenueAnnapolis,Maryland21401swidman@dnr.state.md.us

TheMarylandDepartmentofNaturalResources(MDNR)hasinthepastdecadegatheredthesupportoftheMarylandGeneralAssemblyandthepublicincombatinginvasivespecies.In2007,MDNRformallyrecognizedagroupofbiologistsandexpertswithinMDNRwhoworkjointlybetweenunitstorespondtoinvasivespeciesissues.Thisgroup,theMDNRInvasiveSpeciesMatrixTeam,hasworkedonanumberofissuesincludingrustycrayfish,didymo,snakehead,catfish,wavyleafbasketgrass,andmanyothers.ThepresentationwilldiscusssomeofthelegalstructurewhichMDNRoperatesunder,someofthesuccessstoriesithashad,someofthechallengesitfaces,andwhatissuesitisanticipatinginthefuture.

Sarah Widman is a regulatory administrator for the Maryland Department of Natural Resources Fisheries Service, where she writes fisheries regulations and legislation. She received her J.D. from the University of Baltimore School of Law in 2004. Prior to law school, Sarah worked for the Geothermal Energy Association. She holds a M.A. in Media and Public Affairs from the George Washington University and a B.A. in Political Science from American University. In 2007, Sarah presented a paper titled, “Fishing for Law: How Changes in Maryland Fisheries Management Have Impacted Judicial Review of Maryland Fisheries Law,” at the American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting San Francisco. She also authored the Maryland Environmental Legislative Update for 2004 for the University of Baltimore Journal of Environmental Law, Vol. 11:2, Spring 2004. Sarah serves as a member of the Maryland Invasive Species Council and Maryland Department of Natural Resources Invasive Species Matrix Team. She also staffs the Maryland Sport and Tidal Fisheries Advisory Commissions’ Penalty Workgroup and has previously staffed Maryland’s Working Waterfront Commission.

[19] Blue Catfish, The Potomac’s Largest Unwelcome Invasive or an Increasingly Popular Sportfish

MaryGrovesSouthernRegionManagerInlandFisheries,MarylandDNRCedarvilleFishHatcheryRt.4,Box106EBrandywine,MD20613(301)888-2423mgroves@dnr.state.md.us

CatfishhavelongbeenanimportantspeciesinAmerica.Whetherforrecreationorforameansofsupplyingfoodforthedinnertable,millionsofpoundsofcatfishfindtheirwayfromlocalwaterwaystotheshoreeachyear.InthetidalPotomac,WhiteCatfish(Ameiurus catus)andChannelCatfish(Ictalurus )aremostcommonlyharvestedforfood.Lesspopular,butstillharvested,aremembersoftheBullheadfamily(Ameiurus ssp.).Inrecentyears,however,bluecatfish(Ictalurus furcatus)havebeenfoundinincreasingnumbers.Wildlypopularasasportfishinsomeotherstates,BlueCatfishareknownforreachingweightsover100lbs.andarehighlyprizedbecauseoftheirsize.ButintroducedpopulationsofBlueCatfisharealsoknowntodisplacenativecatfish,growquickly,reproduceefficiently,andfeedheavilyonmollusks,crustaceansandotherfish.By600mminlength,theyarealmosttotallypiscivorous.TheVirginiaDepartmentofGameandInlandFishhasbeencollectingdataonBlueCatfishintidalriverssince2002andhascompiledgrowthandmortalityinformationfortheJames,YorkandRappahannock.MarylandDNRbiologistsarecurrentlyconductingadietstudyandcompilinggrowthdataonBlueCatfishfoundinthetidalPotomacRiver.EmphasisalsocentersonpredationofBlueCatfishonprotectedShadpopulationsandthepossiblecompetitiononavailableforageneededforothergamefishandaquaticspecies.ThetidalPotomacBlueCatfishpopulationhasquicklybecomepopularamongcatfishanglersandcommercialwatermenwhoremaininvolvedintalksconcerningthemanagementofthespecies.Asaresult,biologistsandresearchersfromMaryland,VirginiaandWashingtonDChavebeenworkingtogethertoformulatearegion-widepolicyforBlueCatfish;onethatwilladdresstheimportantenvironmentalconcernsthattheyposewhileremainingsensitivetotheeconomicalandrecreationalvaluethattheymaybringtolocalcommunities.

Mary Groves has been working for the Maryland DNR, Inland Fisheries Division for 22 years. Mary is currently the Southern Region Manager for Inland Fisheries and is based out of Cedarville Fish Hatchery in Brandywine, Maryland.

[20] Ongoing Efforts to Control the Invasive Northern Snakehead

JoshNewhardU.S.FishandWildlifeServiceMarylandFisheryResourcesOffice177AdmiralCochraneDr.Annapolis,MD21403410-573-4519

Co-Authors:SteveMinkkinenandIanPark

Controllingpopulationsofinvasivefishspeciesisanongoingproblemthroughoutfisheriesmanagement.Sometimeslittletonoinformationoftheinvadingspeciesisknownoravailable,thereforehamperingcontrolefforts.Thenorthernsnakehead(Channa argus),aspeciesnativetoAsia,hasbeenestablishedinthePotomacRiversince2004.Effortstocontrolnorthernsnakeheadpopulationshavehadvariedsuccesssinceitsintroduction.Ourgoalsweretobetterunderstandnorthernsnakeheadbehaviortoenhancecontrolefforts.Fromspring2009topresent,wehavemonitorednorthernsnakeheadmovementandbehaviorwithinthePotomacRiverbyexternalandradiotagging.Externaltagginghasshownthatanoverwhelmingmajorityofindividuals(approximately90%)tendtoremaininthesamecreekswheretheywereinitiallycaptured.However,thoseindividualsthatdomovecancoverrelativelylargedistances(upto47riverkm).Seasonalandclimaticeventsappeartodrivenorthernsnakeheadbehavior.Northernsnakeheadactivitytendedtopeakwithintwotofivedaysafterperiodsofhighrainfall.Furthermore,astemperaturesdroppedduringfallandwinter,sotoodidsnakeheadactivity.Thissuggeststhatremovaleffortsshouldbefocusedduringtimeswhensnakeheadactivityislow,toincreasecaptureefficiency.Whilenoobviousnegativeimpactsofthepresenceofnorthernsnakeheadhaveyetbeenobserved,thereshouldbecontinuedvigilancetodeterthespreadandgrowthofthisinvasivespeciespopulation.

Josh received his Bachelor’s degree at the University of Delaware and received his Master’s degree from the University of Maryland Eastern Shore, where he studied growth of juvenile white perch. Josh is currently a fish biologist with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service working with the Maryland Fishery Resources Office in Annapolis, MD. He typically works with Northern snakehead, American eel, and American shad.

[21] Hood College Student-Faculty Research: Ecology, Physiology and Genetics of Native and Invasive Maryland Orconectes Species

SusanCarney,Ph.D.DepartmentofBiologyHoodCollege401RosemontAve.Frederick,MD21701(301)696-3648carney@hood.edu

Co-Authors:EricAnnis,DrewFerrierandRonAlbaugh

FacultyandstudentsatHoodCollege,incollaborationwiththeMarylandDepartmentofNaturalResources(DNR),useamultidisciplinaryapproachtostudyinvasiveandnativecrayfishinMaryland’swaterways.Usingecological,physiological,andgeneticmethods,weareattemptingtocharacterizetheeffectsofinvasiveOrconectes spp.onnativefloraandfaunaandtounderstandthemechanismsbywhichtheyexerttheirimpact.Therustycrayfish,Orconectes rusticus,hasrecentlyjoinedthelonger-establishedvirilecrayfish,Orconectes virilis,asaproblematicinvasivespeciesintheMonocacyRiveranditstributaries.Frommulti-yearsurveys,itappearsthatO. rusticus isgraduallydisplacingO. virilis.WehypothesizethatthecompetitiveexclusionofO. virilistakesplaceintheearlylifestages.Ourresearchgroupispresentlyexaminingpotentialmechanismsofdisplacementincludingcompetitionforoptimalhabitat,adultandjuvenilebehavior,fecundity,andjuvenilemortality.WearealsostudyingthesalinitytoleranceofadultsandjuvenileO. rusticusinanefforttopredictthepotentialexpansionofthisspeciesintohighersalinitywaters.Throughmesocosmexperiments,wehaveseenthatO. rusticushasaconsiderableimpactonselectedspeciesofsubmergedaquaticvegetation(SAV)andtheresultingturbidityofsurroundingwaters.ThegeneticvariationofO. rusticus,asassessedbymicrosatelliteDNAmarkers,appearstobehigh,furthersuggestingarobustpopulationestablishedbymultipleindividuals.WearecurrentlycomparinglevelsofgeneticvariationbetweenrustycrayfishintheMonocacyandinAntietamCreektodetermineiftheintroductionsstemfromrelatedsourcepopulations.Finally,virilecrayfishhaveimpactedthenativeAlleghenycrayfish,O. obscurus.TheDNRhasnotedthatinsomeareasoftheMonocacy,O. obscuruspresentsaseverelyskewedsexratio,withmanymorefemalesthanmales.Wearetestingthreegenetichypothesestoidentifythepotentialbasisforthissexratiodistortion.

Sue Carney is an Assistant Professor of Biology at Hood College. She is a molecular ecologist interested in the genetic basis of how organisms and populations adapt to different environments. She began her training while studying deep sea hydrothermal vent tubeworms and mussels. In addition to crayfish genetics research at Hood, she advises undergraduate and graduate students who are working on research projects involving

genetics of stingrays, sea anemones, hydra, and the Florida manatee.[22] Management Strategies for Water Chestnut (Trapa natans): A Historical Perspective

MarkJ.LewandowskiResourceAssessmentServiceMarylandDNRTawesStateOfficeBuilding580TaylorAve,D-2AnnapolisMD21401410-260-8634mlewandowski@dnr.state.md.us

Waterchestnut(Trapa natans)isanaquaticplantnativetoAsia.IntroducedtoNorthAmericanearConcord,Massachusettsin1859,waterchestnutbecameestablishedinlocationsthroughoutthenortheastandbytheearly20thcenturywasmovingsouthward.WaterchestnutfirstappearedinMarylandinthePotomacRivernearWashington,D.C.asatwo-acrepatchin1923.Theplantspreadrapidly,covering40rivermileswithinafewyears.By1933,10,000acresofdensebedsextendedfromWashington,D.C.tojustsouthofQuantico,VA.WaterchestnutwasrecordedintheBirdRiverinChesapeakeBayforthefirsttimein1955.TheMarylandDepartmentsofNaturalResources(MD-DNR)usedmechanicalremovalandanherbicide(2,4-D)tocontrolthepopulation.Thiseffortwasbelievedtohavebeensuccessful,andnoplantshadbeendetectedinvegetationsurveysuntilsummer1997.WaterchestnutwasdiscoveredontheBirdandtheSassafrasRiversduringthesummerof1997.Amassivemechanicalandvolunteerharvestingeffortbeganonbothriversin1999.Workingfromsmallvessels,canoes,andkayaks,approximately100volunteersworkedfortwoweekstoremove400,000poundsofplantsfromthetworivers.Lessthan1000poundsofplantswereremovedfrombothriversin2000withamuchsmallerworkforce,indicatingthatthe1999removaleffortsweresuccessfulincontrollingtheoutbreak.Since2001,theharvesteffortdecreasedastheplantabundancedeclined.In2010,afterarecordlowharvestin2009,biologistsdiscoveredlargeconcentrationsofplantsinterspersedwithAmericanLotus(Nelumbo lutea)ontheSassafrasRiver.Largenumbersofplantswerediscoveredinremoteareas,andgiventhatthewaterchestnutseedsremainviableforyears,itislikelytoreturnforthenextfewyearsintheselocations.The2011harvesteffortswillfocusmainlyonharvestingfromcanoesandkayakstoremovethewaterchestnutamongthelotus.

Mark Lewandowski has a B.S. in Marine Science from University of MD, College Park. He has been a Natural Resources Biologist at DNR for the last 10 years, and has been coordinating the removal efforts for DNR for the last 5 years. He is a member of the Invasive Species Matrix Team at DNR, and has worked extensively on research and restoration of submerged aquatic vegetation in Chesapeake Bay.

Stream Biodiversity

[23] Biodiversity Conservation in Maryland: What makes the Free State Naturally Great!

DavidF.BrinkerNaturalHeritageProgramMarylandDNR580TaylorAve.Annapolis,MD21401dbrinker@dnr.state.md.us

FromsunriseovertheAtlanticOcean,tosunsetontheAppalachianPlateau,forarelativelysmallstateMarylandharborsanamazingwealthofBiodiversity.ThegeographicdiversityoftheFreeStateandourlocationmidwaybetweenthe“North”andthe“South”haveblesseduswithagreatarrayofplantsanimalsandotherlivingorganisms.ThepatternsofdiversityacrossMarylandaretheresultofthepresentinteractionofgeographyandculturalchangestoourlandscape.TheMarylandDepartmentofNaturalResourcesiscommittedtoprotectingandconservingBiodiversityacrossMaryland.ThispresentationwillprovideaquickoverviewofbiodiversityintheFreeStateandsetthestagefordetailedpresentationsonaquaticbiodiversitythatfollow.

[24] Physiological Tolerance and Behavioral Preferences of Freshwater Mussels: Consequences for Mussel Biodiversity in a Changing Environment

HeatherS.Galbraith

NOABSTRACTSUBMITTED

[25] First Probabilistic Survey of Stream Salamanders in Maryland

MarkSoutherlandVersar,Inc.9200RumseyRoadColumbia,MD21045410-740-6074msoutherland@versar.com

Co-author:ScottStranko(MarylandDNR)

In2007,theMarylandBiologicalStreamSurvey(MBSS)addedquantitativesamplingofstreamsalamanderstotheirprobability-basedsurveyofbiota,physicalhabitat,waterchemistry,andriparianfeaturesinthe9,000milesofwadeable,perennialstreamsinMaryland.Thesamplingmethodwasdevelopedtosupport(1)estimatesofsalamanderdistributionandabundanceand(2)calculationofastreamsalamanderindexofbioticintegrity(SS-IBI),whileminimizingsamplingeffort.QualitativesamplingofreptilesandamphibianswithinthestreamcorridorhasbeenconductedsincetheinitiationoftheMBSSin1995.ThequalitativesamplingprovideddramaticevidenceofthelossofstreamsalamandersintheurbanareabetweenWashington,DC,andBaltimore,MD,sincethe1960s.Thequantitativesamplingprovidesthefirstestimatesofstreamsalamandersstatewideandbymajorwatersheds.Italsoprovidesamechanismforidentifyingthestressorsaffectingsalamandersandheadwatersstreamsingeneral.Preliminaryresultsareprovided.AttemptstovalidatetheSS-IBIwereunsuccessfulastheMBSSmethod(modifiedfromtheSS-IBIdevelopmentalmethodforefficiency)didnotcaptureasmanyindividuals.Therefore,modificationstothemethodortheindexareplannedsothatvalidationoftheSS-IBIcanbecompletedforuseinthenextroundoftheMBSS.Factorsaffectingthisvalidationincluded(1)agreaterrangeofstreamtypesandsizesassessed,(2)samplingofrandomstreambanksversusbankswithbestavailablehabitat,and(3)assigningconditionclassthresholdstoreferencesitessampledwithadifferentmethod.

Mark Southerland, Ph.D., PMP, CSE, has been supporting federal, state, and local water quality programs since 1988. He was the lead author of the EPA national program guidance on biological criteria and has been the lead consultant on the Maryland Biological Stream Survey for the Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR) since 1993. He also supports the impaired waters, stressor identification, and TMDL programs for the Maryland Department of the Environment (MDE). He has provided watershed and NPDES MS4 support to Anne Arundel, Baltimore, Carroll, Fairfax, Frederick, Harford, Howard, Loudoun, and Montgomery Counties. Mark currently serves as chair of the Maryland Water Monitoring Board and is an original member of the Howard County Environmental Sustainability Board.

[26] Maryland’s Crawdads – Their status, distribution, and conservation

JayKilianMarylandDNRResourceAssessmentService580TaylorAvenueC-2Annapolis,MD21401410-260-8617jkilian@dnr.state.md.us

Abstract:TheMarylandDepartmentofNaturalResources’MarylandBiologicalStreamSurvey(MBSS)hasconductedaninventoryandstatusassessmentofMarylandcrayfishessince2006.Todate,crayfishdatahavebeencollectedfromover1,225sitesandwehavecompiledanadditional237recordsfromregionalcrayfishexperts,universityresearchers,andenvironmentalconsultants.Thesedatahavegreatlyimprovedourunderstandingofthestatus,distribution,andhabitatassociationsofMaryland’sninenativespecies.Ourmonitoringeffortshaveidentifiednon-native,invasivecrayfishesasthemostimportantthreattoMaryland’snativecrayfishes.Therearecurrentlyfivenon-nativecrayfishesestablishedinthestate.Threeofthese,Orconectes rusticus,O. virilis,andProcambarus clarkii,areinvasiveandposethegreatestrisktonativespecies.Distributionandabundancedatacollectedaspartofthisprojectprovideaninvaluablebaselinetotrackchangesinnativespeciesinresponsetothespreadofnon-native,invasivespeciesovertime.

Jay Kilian is a biologist with the Maryland Department of Natural Resources’ Maryland Biological Stream Survey. He enjoys crayfishes.

[27] From Ablabesmyia to Zygoptera : the Incredible Diversity of Maryland’s Freshwater Macroinvertebrates

DanBowardMarylandDNR580TaylorAvenue;C-2Annapolis,Maryland21401410.260.8605dboward@dnr.state.md.us

Co-authors:MichaelKashiwagi,TonyProchaska,PatrickGraves,JenniferMulhern(MarylandDNR)

InMaryland,agencies,consultants,andNGOshavebeenusingbenthicmacroinvertebratecollectionstoassessstreamandriverhealthformanyyears.MarylandBiologicalStreamSurvey(MBSS)benthicdataareusedbytheMarylandDepartmentoftheEnvironmentforavarietyofregulatorypurposes,bytheChesapeakeBayProgramtoassessstreamhealththroughouttheBaywatershedandbylocalgovernments,consultantsandNGOstoguideprotectionandrestorationefforts.MarylandDNR’sbenthictrenddata(CORE/TrendProgram)arealsousedtotrackchangesinstreamhealthsincethemid1970s.ThediversityofMaryland’sphysiography,vegetation,andgeologyisreflectedinit’sdiversityoffreshwatermacroinvertebratefauna.Benthicmacroinvertebratedatacollectedbetween1995and2010bytheMBSS(3,452sites;randomly-selected,primarilysampledonlyonce)andCORE/Trendprogram(115sitessampledrepeatedly)formsthecoreofthispresentation.Atotalof470benthicmacroinvertebrategenerain141familieswererepresentedintheMBSSdataset.Onehundredfifteengenera(24%)occurredatlessthan5%ofallsitesand52genera(11%)wereevenrarer,occurringatlessthan1%ofallsites.Twohundredtwenty-threegeneraoccurredatmorethan25%ofallsites.TheCORE/Trenddatasetcontains346speciescontainedwithin350genera.Threehundredforty-fiveofthesetaxa(mixofgenusandspecies)occurredfewerthanfivetimesamongallsitesacrossyears.Geartypesandsamplingindexperiodlikelyresultindifferencesbetweentaxacollectedbybothprograms.Otherhighlightsfromeachprogramwillbepresentedaswellasrelationshipsofselecttaxatoanthropogenicstressors.

Dan is a biologist with the Maryland Department of Natural Resources’ Maryland Biological Stream Survey. He has a BS in Zoology from the University of Maryland and a MS in Environmental Science and Policy from Johns Hopkins University.

[28] Biodiversity of Maryland’s Freshwater Fishes

RichRaeslyDepartmentofBiologyFrostburgStateUniversity101BraddockRoadFrostburg,MD21532(301)687-4713rraesly@frostburg.edu

Biologicaldiversityexistsatthreelevels:1)geneticdiversitywithinspecies,2)thenumberofdifferentspeciesinanarea(speciesrichness),and3)diversityamongecologicalsystems.GeneticdataexistforrelativelyfewpopulationsofMarylandfishesandarebiasedtowardsspeciesofeconomicimportance(e.g.,Salvelinus fontinalis)andthosewithlocalizedordisjunctdistributions(e.g.,Percina bimaculata).Speciesrichnessisthemostthoroughlyunderstoodcomponentofbiologicaldiversityinthestate,largelyasaresultofdatageneratedbytheMarylandBiologicalStreamSurvey.NearlyallspeciestaxainMarylandhavebeenformallydescribedandgeographicdistributionsarewelldefined,butquestionsstillremainregardingstatus(nativevs.introduced)ofseveralspecies(e.g.,Etheostoma blennioides).Diagnosingfishassemblagesandthehabitattemplatesthatinfluencethemiscomplex,andalthoughprogresshasbeenmade,primarilybyanalysisofMBSSsitedata,muchworkremainsinthisarea.

Rich Raesly began working with Maryland fishes in 1986 while he was a graduate student at Penn State. His introduction to that state’s fish fauna began by snorkeling for Maryland darters in Deer Creek. He joined the faculty at Frostburg State University in 1989 and is currently the Chair of the Department of Biology. He has been working with the Maryland Biological Stream Survey since 1994.

High Quality Streams

[29] EPA’s Healthy Watersheds Initiative: A Systems-based Construct for Protecting Aquatic Ecosystems

LauraGabanskiUSEPAGabanski.Laura@epamail.epa.gov

EPAischargedwithrestoringandmaintainingthechemical,physical,andbiologicalintegrityofthenation’swatersundertheCleanWaterAct(CWA).WhentheCWAwaspassed,theHousePublicWorksCommittee’sreportclarifiedthattheintendeduseoftheterm,“integ-rity,”wastorecognizetheimportanceofpreservingnaturalecosystemsratherthansimplyimprovingwaterqualityinanarrowsense.EPA’sHealthyWatershedsInitiativetakesasystems-approachtomanagingtheecologicalintegrityofournation’swatersthatacknowledgesboththespatialandtemporalcontextincludingthedynamicsandinterconnectivityofaquaticecosystemsinthelandscape.ThefocusoftheHWIistodevelopstateprogramsandcapacitytoassessandidentifyhealthywatershedsandimplementprioritiesforprotectionatthestateandlocallevels.Partnerships,bothacrossstateagenciesandwithotherFederalagencies,NGO’s,etc.,willbecriticalinimplementingtheseprograms

[30] Balancing our Investment in the Chesapeake: The Importance of Maintaining Healthy Watersheds

MarkBryerTheNatureConservancy’sChesapeakeBayProgrammbryer@TNC.ORG

WeallknowthatrestoringwaterqualityisanessentialpartofthesolutiontoimprovethehealthoftheChesapeakeBay.Butitwillbeincreasinglydifficult,moreexpensive,andultimatelyimpossibletorestoretheBayifwecontinuetoseehealthystreamssuccumbtodegradation.Inresponsetothisreality,theChesapeakeBayProgramestablishedacommitteetofocusdirectlyonadvancingtheprotectionofhealthywatershedsaspartoftherestorationprogram.Thispresentationwilldiscusstheactivitiesofthiscommittee,includingthedevelopmentofinterstatemetricsofstreamhealth,criticalcommunicationstrategies,andopportunitiestointegrateprotectiveactionsintotheChesapeakeTMDLandotherregulatoryandvoluntarymechanisms.

[31] Incorporation of Maryland’s Current Antidegradation Implementation Procedures into the Approval or Permitting Framework

AngelValdezMarylandDepartmentoftheEnvironmentavaldez@mde.state.md.us

CurrentlytheonlycharacteristicutilizedtodesignatehighqualityorTierIIwatersintheStateofMarylandisbiology.AllofthedatautilizedinthedesignationeffortisprovidedbytheMDDNRMarylandBiologicalStreamSurvey(MBSS)program.Throughawellestab-lishedworkingrelationshipwiththeMDDNR,MDEhasutilizedtheMBSSprograminrecentyearstoidentifyadditionalhighqualitywatersthroughoutthestate,andthishasresultedinanincreaseinthenumberofhighqualitywatersintheState,growingfrom83in2004whentheAntidegradationImplementationProcedureswereoriginallypromulgatedintotheCodeofMarylandRegulations(COMAR)26.08.02.04-1,to238in2011.Asmandatedbytheregulation,theDepartmentmustensurethatapplicantsminimizetheuseofeachhighqualitywaters’assimilativecapacity,whichisthedifferencebetweenthewaterqualityatthetimethewaterbodywasdesignatedasTierII(baseline)andthewaterqualitycriterion,takingintoaccountpotentialchangesduetonaturalvariability.AstheMBSSdatasetissupplementedannually,itnotonlyprovidestheinitialbaselinedata,italsoprovidesamechanismtoassessthecurrentstatus,orassimila-tivecapacityofthosewatersmovingforward.Tofurtherthatend,theStatealsoleveragesapplicablepermittingandregulatoryapprovalauthoritiestonotonlyaddressassimilativecapacityandanthropogenicdegradationissuesidentifiedbycurrentbiologicaldata,butalsotogatheradditionalbiologicaldataduringthecourseofthepermittedactivity.

Angel Valdez is a graduate of Loyola University Maryland, where she received her Bachelor of Science in Biology. Upon graduation Ms. Valdez worked extensively in the field of environmental education before joining the Maryland Department of the Environment’s Science Services Admin-istration where she helps coordinate the Antidegradation Policy Implementation effort and assists with technical over site and management of dredg-ing and other natural resource activities throughout the state.

[32] Virginia Healthy Waters Initiative

ToddJaneskiVirginiaCommonwealthUniversityCenterforLifeSciencesRichmond,VirginiaTodd.Janeski@dcr.virginia.gov

Co-authors:ChipRiceandGregGarman(VirginiaCommonwealthUniversity)

TheVirginia’sHealthyWatersinitiativedesignedtoraiseawarenessabouttheneedtoprotectstreamresourcesbeforetheybecomeimpairedandtoworkwithcommunitiestoimplementopportunitiesforconservation.Waterqualityprogramshavebeenfocusedonrehabilitatingdegradedwaters.TheHealthyWatersinitiativebroadensthescopeofconservationeffortstoincludeprotectingtheecologicalintegrityanddiversityoflivingresourcesinourhealthywaters.VirginiaHealthyWatersdataisbeingusedforprioritizationandprotectionefforts,theintegrationintoland-usedecisionmakingandstepstowardvoluntaryconservationefforts.Thisprogrammayreducethenumberofstreamsthatwillbecomedegradedandhaveanoverallpositive,long-termimpactontheinterconnectedhealthofVirginia’swatersfromthemoun-tainstotheocean.

Todate,biologistsinVirginiahaveassessedmorethan2,000creeksandstreamstocollectfish,shellfishandaquaticinsectdata;document-edin-streamhabitat;andscrutinizedthestabilityofbanksandbedmaterial.Surprisingly,atatimewhenthereissomuchbadnewsabouttheenvironment,they’vefoundnearly200ecologicallyhealthystreams,creeksandriversthroughoutthestate,andtherearemoreyettobeidentified.

Virginiaisworkingcollaborativelybetweenstate,federal,regionalandlocalbodiestoidentifyopportunitiestoimplementthehealthywatersinitiativeonthegroundandintegrateintoexistingplanningandprogrammaticefforts.RecentprojectshavebeencompletedintheRivannaRiverBasin(tributaryVirginia’sJamesRiver)andRichmondCounty,Virginia(naturalresourceplanningintegratedintoCountyComprehensiveplanning).TheHealthyWatersinitiativehasbeenintegratedintoprogrammaticeffortsintheVirginiaAgriculturalCostShareguidanceandtheVirginiaScenicRiversevaluationcriteria.VirginiaisworkingwithNorthCarolinaandtheAlbemarle-PamlicoNa-tionalEstuaryProgramtodevelopapilotHealthyWatersplanningefforttostandardizehealthywatersplanningandintegratewithcurrentimpairedwatersrestorationplanningguidance.

Mr. Janeski, of the Virginia Commonwealth University, is managing the VA Healthy Waters Initiative and the VA Coastal Nonpoint Source Pollu-tion Program at the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation. He is also co-managing the development of a Low Impact Development stormwater technology research and education facility in Richmond, VA. He is actively involved community engagement and has recently published the Forging the Link: Linking the Economic Benefits of LID with Community Decisions, Manual and Curriculum through a partnership with the University of New Hampshire Stormwater Center and Antioch University, New England.

[33] Frederick County Stream Protection Program

ShannonMooreOfficeofSustainabilityandEnvironmentalResourcesFrederickCountyGovernment301.600.1413SMoore@FrederickCountyMD.gov

BrooktroutinFrederickCountyareindangeroflocalextirpationfromthesametypesofthreatsthatareaffectinghigh-qualitystreamsallovertheregion.FrederickCountyGovernmentanditspartnersareworkingtoprotecttheGreenInfrastructurethatsupportsthesehighvaluefisheries,aswellasmeettheChesapeakeBayExecutiveOrderprioritytorestorebrooktrouthabitat.ThisworkisbeingaccomplishedthroughpartnershipswithgroupsliketheUSFishandWildlifeService,DNRInlandFisheries,TroutUnlimited,PotomacConservancy,andlocallandowners.

Shannon Moore is the Acting Manager of the Office of Sustainability and Environmental Resources for Frederick County, Maryland. She previously managed the Watershed Management Section and has worked for Frederick County for nine years. She has a Masters Degree in Environmental Science and Management from the Bren School at UC Santa Barbara. She has an avid interest in brook trout restoration and works with partners in the Monocacy and Catoctin Watershed Alliance to implement restoration goals.

Urban Streams I

[34] Pilot Testing of Real-Time Nitrate and Conductivity Sensors in an Urban Watershed

JasonVerHoefUMBC,CenterforUrbanEnvironmentalResearchTRC1021000HilltopCircleBaltimore,MD21250443-623-9095verhoef1@umbc.edu

Co-Authors:ClaireWelty(UniversityofMarylandBaltimoreCounty),JuliaMiller(UniversityofMarylandBaltimoreCounty),MichaelMcGuire(TowsonUniversity),RoxanneSanderson(UniversityofMarylandBaltimoreCounty),SujayKaushal(UniversityofMaryland,CollegePark),MelissaGrese(UniversityofMaryland,CollegePark)andAndrewMiller(UniversityofMarylandBaltimoreCounty)

WehavedeployedSatlanticSUNAnitrateopticalsensorsandYSI660LStemperature/conductivitysensorsinanesteddesignwithinDeadRun,ahighlyurbanizedwatershedinBaltimoreCounty,MD.Thesensorsarecollocatedwith6USGSstreamgagingstations.DeploymentbeganinOctober2010andhascontinuedthroughsummerof2011.Thesensorsaresecuredinutilityboxesonstreambanksandwaterispumpedtothesensorsbymeansofsubmersiblepumpsplacedinthestreams.Dataarerecordedeveryhalfhourandtransmittedbycellularmodemtoacentrallocation.Dataareavailableforviewinginnear-realtimeviawebservices,allowingprojectpersonneltocontinuallycheckonsitefunctionality.Importantconsiderationsforsystemdesignincludehydraulics,power,datalogging,telemetry,andmaintenanceissuessuchaspotentialforbiofoulingandpumpintakeclogging.Observationsfromthedeployedsensorsshowstrongnitrateandconductivitysignalspresentatbaseflow,withdataexhibitingacleardiurnalpattern.Thechemicaldiurnalpatternsareobservedunderconditionsofconstantstreamdischarge.Themeanconcentrationofnitraterangesfrom1to2mg/L,withhighervaluesinfirstorderstreams.Diurnalnitratevariabilityaroundthemeanisabout+/-0.05mg/L.Specificconductancerangesfromabout1to1.5mS/cm,andexhibitsatemporalpatternthatmimicsthenitratedata,indicatingthediurnalinfluenceofthebioticportionofspecificconductanceontherecordedsignal.Understormconditions,bothnitrateandconductivitybase-flowsignalsshowasharpdropinconcentrationwiththeonsetofstormflow,withminimumvaluesatpeakstormflows,andgradualrecoverytopre-stormconditionsasstormflowrecedes.Thedatacanbeevaluatedusinganyofseveralmixingmodelstointerpretthecontributionofgroundwatertostormflow.Preliminaryanalysisusingasimplebinarymixingmodelshowsthatgroundwatercomprises20–50percentofstormflowandismoststronglydependentonantecedentmoistureconditions,comparedtostormsizeorduration.Incomparingcalculationsacrossnestedwatershedscalesforasinglestorm,thepercentgroundwatercontributiontostormflowvarieswithscaleandisgreatestinfirst-orderwatersheds.Inadditiontouseincharacterizingnaturalpatterns,sensordatacanaidinidentifyingrandomanthropogenicinputsaffectingstreamwaterqualitysuchasfertilizerapplication,seweroverflows,andswimmingpoolclean-outs.

Jason VerHoef is a Graduate Research Assistant in the Center for Urban Environmental Research and Education at UMBC. He is pursuing a MS degree in the Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering. Jason holds a BS in Mechanical Engineering from UMBC where he was a Student Research Assistant at the National Institute of Standards and Technology for one year. His current research focuses on using high frequency sensors to infer groundwater/surface water interactions.

[35] Applications of Real-time Water Quality to Identify Episodic Pollution Events in Urban Streams in the Washington, D.C. Metropolitan Area

JosephM.BellU.S.GeologicalSurveyMD/DE/DCWaterScienceCenter5522ResearchParkDriveBaltimore,MD21228443-498-5567jmbell@usgs.gov

Co-Authors:JeffreyG.Chanat(U.S.GeologicalSurveyMD/DE/DCWaterScienceCenter),BrendaFeitMajedi(U.S.GeologicalSurveyMD/DE/DCWaterScienceCenter),DavidP.Brower(U.S.GeologicalSurveyMD/DE/DCWaterScienceCenter)andCherieV.Miller(U.S.GeologicalSurveyMD/DE/DCWaterScienceCenter)

Continuousreal-timewater-qualitydatacollectionmayfunctionaspartofanearlywarningsysteminurbanstreamsbyidentifyingepisodicchangesinwaterchemistryandphysicalconditions.Multi-parameterwaterqualitydatasondes,alongwithstage-monitoringequipmentandautomaticsamplers,havebeenusedtocapturerapidlychangingstreamconditionsandwaterchemistryinseveralsmallurbanstreamswithintheCapitalBeltway,andsurroundingWashington,D.C.Metroarea,andtoidentifypollutioneventsthatmaydegradewaterquality

anddisruptbiologicalproductivity.Water-qualitydatawerecollectedatNorthEastBranchAnacostiaatRiverdale,MD(U.S.GeologicalSurveyStation01649500),NorthWestBranchAnacostianearHyattsville,MD(01651000),andPaintBranchnearCollegePark,MD(01649190)fromasearlyas2003through2010.DatafromMattawomanCreeknearPomonkey,MD(01658000),astreaminaless-developedwatershedinCharlesCounty,MD,ispresentedforcomparisontotheurbanstreams.Someexamplesofdynamicstreamwater-qualityeventsincludedisruptionofnormaldiurnalpHandprimaryproductivitypatternsduetopoint-sourcedischargesofpetroleum-basedsubstances,episodicdailyandannualinterferencewithnaturalpatternsofsurface-waterconductivityduetoroadsaltapplications,anthropogenicspikesonnormalbaseflowturbiditylevels,andshiftsinmultipleparametersfrombrokensewerlines.SucheventscanbeobservedontheU.S.GeologicalSurveyWaterAlertservice(http://water.usgs.gov/wateralert),whichisausefultoolforautomatedearlywarningofrapidlychangingorunusualwaterconditions.Continuousreal-timewater-qualitydatacollectionaidscommunities,agenciesandpartnerships,suchastheUrbanWatersFederalPartnership,inattainingurbanwatershedandwaterwayrevitalizationgoals.

Joe Bell has been a hydrologic technician with the USGS in the MD/DE/DC Water Science Center since February 2010. He has a master’s degree in geological sciences from the University of South Carolina and a bachelors of science in geology from James Madison University. He honorably served in the U.S. Marine Corps from 1997 to 2002. Joe has extensive experience with collecting and interpreting continuous water-quality data.

[36] Introducing the Baltimore City Stewardship Mapping and Assessment Project

MicheleRomoliniUniversityofVermontBaltimoreEcosystemStudy5523ResearchParkDrive,Suite350Baltimore,MD21228(215)275-0324mromolini@gmail.com

Co-Authors:MorganGrove(USDAForestService,BaltimoreEcosystemStudy)BuildingamoresustainableBaltimorewillrequireparticipationfromallindividualsandgroupsinthecity.Whileasingleorganizationcanhelpimprovenaturalresourcesandbuildstrongercommunities,itisonlyonepartofalargerpicture.Giventherelationshipsandoverlapamongthoseworkingontheenvironment,itisimportanttounderstandthenetworksthattiethemtogether,howthosenetworksareformed,andwhatimpactsnetworkscanhaveontheenvironmentandcommunitieswheretheywork.Inrecognitionofthisneed,ournewprojectlooksatthenetworkofgroupsandorganizationsdoingenvironmentalstewardshipworkinBaltimoreCity.Throughthiscitywideeffort,weseektobetterunderstandthewho,what,where,andhowofstewardshipinthecity.First,wewillcompileacomprehensiveinventoryofstewardshiporganizations.Wedefinestewardshipascaringfortheland,water,andpeopleofBaltimore.Thiscancoverarangeofactivities—fromplantingtreestoadvocatingforcleanstreetstoeducatingabouttheChesapeakeBay—performedbymanydifferenttypesofgroupsfromthepublic,private,andnon-profitsectors.Second,wewillsendoutasurveytotheseorganizationstofindoutwhattypesofstewardshipactivitiestheydo,wheretheyconducttheseactivities,andwhatothergroupstheyworkwith.Third,wewillusethesurveyresultstoproducedifferenttypesofanalysesaboutthestewardshipnetworksinBaltimore.Wewillusestatisticstounderstandthecompositionofgroupsinthecity,applyGISandspatialmappingtechniquestoassessthegeographicextentofstewardship,andconductsocialnetworkanalysistounderstandhowfundingandinformationresourcesareexchangedbetweenstewardshiporganizationsinBaltimore.Theresultsofthisworkwillbepublishedonapubliclyavailable,interactivemapsothatBaltimoreresidents,publicagencies,andstewardshipgroupscansearchandviewthetypesandlocationsofstewardshipworkbeingdoneintheircity.Thishelpssupportorganizationsastheyseeknewprojects,funding,andopportunitiestogrowandbuildcapacity,workingtowardsasustainableBaltimore.

Michele Romolini is a PhD candidate at the University of Vermont’s Rubenstein School for the Environment and Natural Resources. She is studying urban sustainability organizations in Seattle and Baltimore, working with the USDA Forest Service, the University of Washington, and the Baltimore Ecosystem Study.

[37] Understanding the Implications of Using Indices to Detect Biological Responses in Streams

MatthewE.BakerAssistantProfessorDepartmentofGeography&EnvironmentalSystemsUMBC211-KSondheimHall1000HilltopCircleBaltimore,MD21250410-455-3759mbaker@umbc.ed

Useofbioticindicesandothermetricsthatsummarizeaggregatecommunitystructure(e.g.,taxonrichness)areubiquitousinaquaticresearchandmanagement.Whileindicessummarizingcomplexdatasetsareusefulforcommunicatingsciencetonontechnicalaudiences,asananalyticaltooltheyarehighlyvulnerabletomisinterpretationandshouldnotbeusedinisolationtodetectresponsetoenvironmentalgradients.Indicesignorethefundamentalrealitythatwecareaboutwhichtaxarespondtoenvironmentaldegradationandwhy,bothfromaconservationandmechanisticstandpoint.Toillustrate,weexaminemacroinvertebratecommunityresponsetourbanlanduseusingMBSSdatatoshowhowrepresentativebioticindicesarerelativelyinsensitivetothresholddeclinesofnumerousindividualtaxa.Wethenreproducetheseresponsesusingsimulateddatawithsimilarpropertiestodemonstratehowindicesmaskrealchanges(bothpositiveandnegative)inbioticassemblagecompositionandstructure.Ourfindingsdonotmeanindicesshouldbeabandonedentirely,buttheydochallengeassumptionsthatsuchmetricsarecapableofaccuratelyreflectingimportantformsofcommunitychange.Werecommendanalternativeanalysisframeworkthatbeginswiththecharacterizationofresponsesofindividualtaxa,andusesaggregationonlyafterdistinguishingthemagnitude,direction,anduncertaintyintheresponsesofindividualmembersofthecommunity.

Dr. Baker is an Associate Professor in the Department of Geography and Environmental Systems and Faculty Fellow at the Center for Urban and Environmental Research and Education at UMBC. He holds adjunct appointments in the Department of Watershed Sciences, Ecology Center, and Western Water Monitoring Center at Utah State University. Prior to his faculty appointments, Dr. Baker was a research associate at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center in Edgewater, Maryland. He received both MS and PhD degrees from the University of Michigan.

[38] Nutrient and Sediment Sources, Transport, Retention, and Effects of Best Management Practices in the Urban Difficult Run Watershed, Virginia

GregoryB.NoeU.S.GeologicalSurvey430NationalCenterReston,VA20191703-648-5826gnoe@usgs.gov

Co-Authors:CliffHupp(USGSVirginia),NancyRybicki(USGSVirginia),EdSchenk(USGSVirginia),KatieSkalak(USGSVirginia),KenHyer(USGSVirginia),JohnJastram(USGSVirginia)andAllenGellis(USGSMaryland)

Urbanwatershedsarealargesourceofsediment,phosphorus(P),andnitrogen(N)tosensitivewaterbodies,includingtheChesapeakeBay.However,littleisknownaboutthesources,transportprocesses,andretentionofpollutantsinurbanstreamsystems–informationcriticaltosuccessfulimplementationofbestmanagementpractices(BMP’s)toreducepollutantloading.TheU.S.GeologicalSurveyisconductingongoingstudiesoftheseissuesinasmall(5thorder,151km2),urban,PiedmontwatershedinVirginia:DifficultRun.Geochemicalandisotopicfingerprintingisidentifyingthesourcesofstreamsuspendedsedimentloadinaheadwatercatchment,distinguishingamongbankerosionanddevelopedandnaturaluplandsoils.Isotopicfingerprintingwillbeusedtoidentifythesourcesofnitratethroughoutthewatershed.Thetransportofsediment,P,andNthroughthecoupledstream-riparianecosystemcorridorisbeingevaluatedbycomparingratesofbankerosion,floodplainsedimentation,andinternalfloodplainnutrientcycling.Bankerosionisbeingmeasuredwith192bankerosionpinsalongwith102feldsparmarkerhorizonstoquantifyfloodplaindepositionat6mainstemreaches,inadditionto546bankpinsat26headwaterstreamreaches.Wearecurrentlyidentifyingthecontrolsofstream-ripariangeomorphologyandvegetationonbankerosionratesinordertotargetpotentialhotspotsofbankerosionthroughoutthewatershed.Finally,theeffectoftheimplementationofBMP’sonsuspendedsedimentandnutrientloadsisbeingcomparedacrossfourheadwatercatchmentsinthewatershed,aswellasacrossnumerousothermonitoringstationsthroughoutFairfaxCounty.Resultstodatehavefoundthatoverallratesoffloodplainsedimentationexceedratesofbankerosionalongthemainstem(onaveragenetretentionof64Mg-sedimentreach-1yr-1),butthattheripariancorridorisanetsourceofsedimentinthesteeperportionsofthestreamnearertheheadwaters.Highratesoffloodplainsedimentationtranslateintohighretentionofstreamparticulatenutrientloads.Afteraboutoneyearofmeasurementattheheadwatersites,221bankpinswereeroding(averaging4.6cm)and273pinsweredepositional(averaging5.8cm).ThefloodplaintightlycyclesPandNinternally,withratesofplantnutrientuptakeexceedingratesofsoilnutrientmineralization,indicatingthattheriparianzonenearlypermanentlystoresnutrients.Initialannualyieldcomputations(2years)acrossthefourCounty-wideloadstationsrangefrom1.25to4.81tonsoftotalN,0.18to0.57tonsoftotalP,and250to1749tonsofsuspendedsedimentpersquaremile.Investigationsofrelationsbetweentheseyieldsandlandscapefactors,suchaslanduseandBMPimplementation,willbeconductedinfutureyearsofthestudy.OursynergisticmethodsforunderstandingnutrientandsedimentloadsinthisurbanwatershedisarobustapproachforguidingmanagementeffortstoimprovewaterqualityandisgeneratingsynthesisthatshouldbegeneraltootherurbanPiedmontwatersheds.

Greg Noe is a research ecologist with the National Research Program of the USGS in Reston, VA. Dr. Noe’s research centers on wetland ecosystem ecology, focusing on the interactive influences of hydrology, geomorphology, climate, and biology on nitrogen and phosphorus biogeochemistry in fluvial ecosystems. He earned his B.S. at Virginia Tech and Ph.D. at San Diego State University and UC Davis.

[39] Tracking Nonpoint Source Nitrogen Pollution in Human-Impacted Watersheds

SujayS.KaushalDepartmentofGeologyandEarthSystemScienceInterdisciplinaryCenterUniversityofMaryland,CollegePark(301)405-7048skaushal@umd.edu

Co-Authors:PeterM.Groffman(CaryInstituteofEcosystemStudies),LawrenceE.Band(DepartmentofGeography,UniversityofNorthCarolina,ChapelHill),EmilyM.Elliott(DepartmentofEarth&PlanetaryScience,UniversityofPittsburgh),CatherineA.Shields(BrenSchoolofEnvironmentalScienceandManagement,UniversityofCaliforniaSantaBarbara)andCarolKendall(U.S.GeologicalSurvey) Nonpointsourcenitrogen(N)pollutionisaleadingcontributortoU.S.waterqualityimpairments.WecombinedwatershedNmassbalancesandstableisotopestoinvestigatefateandtransportofnonpointNinforest,agricultural,andurbanizedwatershedsattheBaltimoreLong-TermEcologicalResearchsite.AnnualNretentionwas55%,68%,and82%foragricultural,suburban,andforestwatershedsrespectively.Analysisof15N-NO3-,and18O-NO3-indicatedwastewaterwasanimportantnitratesourceinurbanizedstreamsduringbaseflow.Negativecorrelationsbetween15N-NO3-and18O-NO3-inurbanwatershedsindicatedmixingbetweenatmosphericdeposition/wastewater,andNsourcecontributionschangedwithstormmagnitude(atmosphericsourcescontributed~50%atpeakstormNloads).Positivecorrelationsbetween15N-NO3-and18O-NO3-inwatershedssuggesteddenitrificationwasremovingsepticsystemandagriculturally-derivedN,butNfrombelowgroundleakingsewerswaslesssusceptibletodenitrification.Ntransformationswerealsoobservedinastormdrain(nonaturaldrainagenetwork)potentiallyduetocarboninputs.Overall,nonpointsourcessuchasatmosphericdeposition,wastewater,andfertilizershoweddifferentsusceptibilitytowatershedNexport.Therewerelargechangesinnitratesourcesasafunctionofrunoff,andanticipatingsourcechangesinresponsetoclimateandstormswillbecriticalformanagingnonpointNpollution.

Dr. Sujay Kaushal is an assistant professor in the Department of Geology & Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center at University of Maryland, College Park. His area of expertise is in ecosystem ecology and biogeochemistry. He obtained a B.A. from Cornell University, a PhD from University of Colorado, and conducted postdoctoral work at the Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies.

Sustainability and Healthy Watersheds

[40] Maryland Forests and Streams – Key Challenges for Sustainability in a Rapidly Changing World

DanFiscusAssistantProfessorBiologyDepartmentFrostburgStateUniversity308ComptonScienceCenterFrostburg,MD21532USA301-687-4170dafiscus@frostburg.edu

Healthy,diverseandextensiveforestsarewidelyknowntobeessentialforwaterqualityandforaquaticbiodiversityandecosystemhealth.Butforestsarealsovaluedformanyotherhumanneedsandecosystemservices,andsomeoftheseotherrolesmaybepushedtoincreasetohelpsolvemajorenvironmentproblems.Forexample,managementofforestsisalsoconsideredanessentialpracticethatmustassistwithdecreasingatmosphericcarbondioxidetoreduceglobalclimatedisruption.Intensivemanagementcanleadtoincreasedcarbonsequestrationingrowingtreesandlong-livedwoodproducts.Woodalsorequireslessenergyinputthanconcreteandsteelasabuildingmaterial,anditsincreaseduseandsubstitutioncanpreventsomeCO2emissions.Beyondforestmanagementscenarios,forestsalsonowarethreatenedbyfragmentation(bothofownershipandinspatialextent),lossduetodevelopment,invasivespeciesanddiseases,climatechange,acidrainandfog,atmosphericnutrientdepositionandadditionalchallenges.Thesechangestoforestshavepotentialtoreducetheirabilitytoprotectandenhancewaterqualityandaquaticecosystems.Thispresentationwilladdresspotentialeffectsthatchangingforestsandforestmanagementmayhaveonstreamsandhowtoenvisionandrealizeasustainablepathforward.

[41] Urbanization and the Future of Aquatic Biodiversity in Maryland

RobertH.HilderbrandUniversityofMarylandCenterforEnvironmentalScienceAppalachianLaboratory301BraddockRd.Frostburg,MD21532301-689-7141Hilderbrand@al.umces.ed

Co-Authors:RyanM.Utz(UniversityofMarylandCenterforEnvironmentalScienceAppalachianLaboratory),ScottA.Stranko(MarylandDepartmentofNaturalResources,MonitoringandNontidalAssessmentDivision)andRichardL.RaeslyDepartmentofBiology(FrostburgSateUniversity)

UrbanizationcausesmajordeclinesinnativeaquaticbiodiversityinMaryland’sstreams.Amongbenthicmacroinvertebrates,approximatelyone-halfoftaxaarenegativelyaffectedbyincreasingimpervioussurfaces.Manyofthesetaxaareeffectivelyabsentfromstreamswhoseupstreamareacontainsmorethan5%impervioussurfaces.Similarly45-75%offishesarenegativelyaffectedbyincreasingimpervioussurfaces.Acrossregions,taxafoundinthePiedmontshowgreatervulnerabilitytosimilarlevelsofurbanizationthantheydointheCoastalPlain.Uncheckeddevelopmentcouldresultinthedisappearanceofasmanyas60%ofthebenthicmacroinvertebratetaxabythetimeimpervioussurfacesreach15%ofthewatershed.ApplicationofourresultstobuildoutscenariosintheMiddlePatuxentRiverwatershedforecastthedisappearanceofupto50%eachoffishandinvertebratetaxa.ThedatastronglysuggestthatmaintainingaquaticbiodiversityinMaryland’sstreamswillrequirebetterplanninginthefaceofexpandinghumanpopulations.

Robert Hilderbrand is an associate professor at the Appalachian Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science in Frostburg, MD. His main research interests revolve around the conservation and management of fish and benthic macroinvetrebrates in headwater streams.

[42] Beyond Urbanization: Seeing into the Future of Maryland Streams

PaulKazyakMarylandDNR580TaylorAvenueAnnapolis,Maryland21401410-260-8607pkazyak@dnr.state.md.us

Fromaciddepositiontoclimatechangetospeciesloss,thistalkwillpresentideasaboutwhatthefutureofMarylandstreamsmaylooklike.Usingthecurrentstateofknowledgeaboutconditions,stressors,projectedtrendsandeveneconomics,apictureofthefuturewillbedevelopedandmanagementimplicationsdiscussed.

[43] Forest Buffers: How Fast do their Functions Develop?

AnneHairston-StrangForestHydrologistMDDNRForestService580TaylorAve.,E-1Annapolis,MD21401(410)260-8509astrang@dnr.state.md.us

Restoredforestbuffershavemultipleecologicalfunctionsthatdevelopatdifferentratesovertimedependinginpartontreesurvivalandgrowth.Thirty-fourbuffers,newlyplantedwithtrees,weremonitoredbetween2000and2008intheMonocacy,Catoctin,andAntietamwatershedstoassessratesofdevelopmentofdesiredfunctions.Althoughfirstyearsurvivalaveragedmorethan80%,survivalafterfiveyearsendeduparound50%,justover200treesperacre.Vegetationrichnessincreasedfrom165to276species,butsomeinvasiveexoticweedsalsoincreased,includingsomenewtotheallyenteringthewatershedduringthestudyperiod.Instreamnitrateandphosphategenerallyshowedimprovingtrends,butvariabilityamongsitesandyearsresultedindifferencesthatwerenotconsideredsignificantatfivetosevenyearsofage.Formacroinvertebratestudies,anaverageoftwoadditionaltaxapersitewerefoundin2006,asignificantincreaseonlyfiveyearsafterbufferestablishment.ThePfankuchStreambankStabilityratingsignificantlyimprovedbetween2003and2008,althoughthemoreurbanizedwatershedwith66%impervioussurfacesupstreamwasconsistentlylessstable.Basedontheseresultsandotherlonger-termstudies,fastergrowth,densertreestocking,andgreaterbiomassappeartobeassociatedwithearlierproductionofexpectedbenefits.

Theprojectalsoassessedestimatedfinancialbenefitsformarketableproductsandecosystemfunctions.HarvestvalueswerebasedonwhatwouldbeallowedundercurrentStaterules,whichrequireleavingacertainproportionoftreesbesidestreams.Tocomparethedifferenttimeframesandcomparetootherinvestments,netpresentvalue(NPV)ofharvestabletimberinthebufferswascalculatedusinga4%alternativerateofreturn.NPVaveraged$51forhardwoodsharvestedat80years,and$541forpinesat30yearswiththinning.Valuesforwaterqualityandairqualitywereestimatedat$419/yearand$60/year,respectively.Addingsomehuntingleaseincomefor$10/yearandannualizingtimberincome($15/yearforhardwoods)gives$504/acre/yearforthesevaluesalone.

Riparianforestbuffersareimportantandcost-effectivecomponentsinlong-termnutrientreductionstrategiesbecauseof1)thepatternofincreasingfunctionsoverdecadeswithoutannualinvestmentsand2)thepotentialtoself-regeneratewithminimalfutureinvestmentifdesignedwithsufficientwidthandmanagedcorrectly.Benefitsfromriparianforestbufferscanbeexpectedtobuildovertime,usuallybecomingsignificantwithin15yearsofestablishment.Theincreaseinbufferfunctionovertimeandlikelysurvivalbeyondtheminimumpracticelifecanhelpprovidereasonableassurancethatnutrientreductionbenefitswillbemaintainedovertime.

Dr. Hairston-Strang has been the forest hydrologist at MD DNR Forest Service since 1997, working on riparian forest buffer restoration, watershed partnership, forest management for water quality protection, and BMP assessment. Her education is in forestry, forest soils, and forest hydrology (B.S., Virginia Tech., M.S., Univ. Minnesota, Ph.D., Oregon State University).

[44] Updating Maryland’s GreenPrint Map

KevinJ.Coyne

NOABSTRACTSUBMITTED

Brook Trout Status, Ecology, and Management

[45] Brook Trout in Maryland, Five Years Down the Road Since Implementation of the Fisheries Management Plan

AlanHeftMarylandDNR,InlandFisheriesManagementUMCESAppalachianLaboratory301BraddockRoadFrostburg,MD21532301-689-7107aheft@dnr.state.md.us

ConcernforthestatusoftheBrooktroutresourceinspiredtheMarylandDNRInlandFisheriesDivisiontoimplementaBrooktroutFisheriesManagementPlan(FMP)in2006.PartnersinthiseffortincludedMDDNRFisheriesService,MDDNRMBSS,andtheUniversityofMaryland’sUMCESAppalachianLaboratory.TwovitalcomponentsoftheplanweretheManagementandResearchRecommendationssections,ablueprintforfuturemanagementeffortsanddirection.Thispresentationwilldiscussandprovideupdatesontheprogressthathasbeenmadeinmeetingtheserecommendations,prioritizationoffutureeffortsbasedontheFMPreviewprocess,andprovideanupdateonthestatusoftheEasternBrookTroutJointVenture.Highlightsofseveralsuccessfulrestorationprojectsinvolvingmunicipal,state,federal,andnon-governmentalagencieswillalsobedescribed,andspotlightingtheformationandsuccessofthenon-profitSavageRiverWatershedAssociation.

Alan Heft is a statewide fishery biologist with the Inland Fisheries Management Division. He has been working on freshwater fisheries management with the Department for the past 23 years, after graduating from Frostburg State University with a B.S. in Wildlife and Fisheries Management. He is a certified Fisheries Scientist by the American Fisheries Society.

[46] A Revisitation of Maryland Brook Trout Genetics

RayMorganUniversityofMarylandCenterforEnvironmentalScienceAppalachianLaboratory301BraddockRoadFrostburg,Maryland21532301-689-7172rmorgan@umces.edu

Sincetheearly80’s,therewasconsiderableinterestinthegeneticsofMarylandbrooktrout,Salvelinus fontinalispopulations,asevidencedbythenumberofpapersandreportsproducedonthisnativespecies.Historically,Marylandcontainedsignificantprecolonialnativebrooktrout,Salvelinus fontinalispopulations,butnowcontainsonlyremnant,highly-fragmentedanddisjointpopulationsthroughoutthestate.Usingmicrosatellitedata,collectedfrom26brooktroutpopulationsinMarylanddrainages,wedescribethegeneticandpopulationrelationshipsofthisspeciesinMaryland,withadiscussiononzoogeographicalmechanisms.Theserelicbrooktroutpopulationsarehighlyvulnerabletoanthropogenicstresses,andmanyextantpopulationsmaybeextinctinthenearfuture.Nativebrooktroutpopulations,inmanyMarylandwatersheds,areincreasinglybecomingmorerestrictedtoheadwaters,withresultingdetrimentaleffectsonpopulationconnectivityandpotentiallygeneticstructure.

Dr. Ray Morgan is a Full Professor with the Appalachian Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. He received his BS degree (1966) from Frostburg State University with a biology major and minors in chemistry and secondary education, and earned his PhD (1971) from the Department of Zoology, University of Maryland at College Park with an animal ecology major and physiology minor. During his career at Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, Battelle Columbus Laboratories, and the Appalachian Laboratory, his research efforts centered on aquatic ecology and fisheries genetics, with special research emphasis currently on urbanization effects, nutrients, remediation of acid mine drainage, and genetics of brook trout and other Appalachian fishes.

[47] Brook Trout Declines with Land Cover and Temperature Changes in Maryland

ScottA.StrankoMarylandDNR580TaylorAvenueAnnapolis,Maryland21401sstranko@dnr.state.md.us

Co-Authors:RobertH.Hilderbrand(UniversityofMaryland,AppalachianLaboratory),RaymondP.MorganII(UniversityofMaryland,AppalachianLaboratory),MarkStaley(MarylandDNR),AndrewBecker(MarylandDNR),ElginS.Perry(StatisticsConsultant),PaulT.Jacobson(LangheiEcology,LLC)andAnnRoseberry-Lincoln(TetraTechInc.)

Weexaminedtheinfluenceoflandscapealterationandinsitustreamhabitatvariablesonbrooktroutbyusingalandscape-scale,space-for-timesubstitutionanalysisandasmallerdatasetthattrackedlong-termchangesinlanduseovertime.Forestedlandcoverwithinacatchmentwastheoverallbestlandscape-scalepredictorofbrooktroutoccurrenceatagivensite;measuresofimperviouslandcoverandurbanizationwerealsoimportantpredictors.Brooktroutwerealmostneverfoundinwatershedswhereimperviouslandcoverexceeded4%,asassessedfromthe2001NationalLandCoverDataset(2001NLCD);thesingleexceptionwasinastreamthatdisplayedconsistentlylowwatertemperatures.Landscapescaleanalysesindicatedthatincreasesinwatertemperatureanderosionwereassociatedwithincreasingpercentagesofurbanizationandimperviousnessanddecreasingpercentageofforestedlandcover.Threeofsixbrooktroutpopulationsthatwerefollowedovertimewereextirpatedwithinthelast15years(between1990and2005),coincidingwithincreasesinurbanizationandimperviouslandcover.Atthesesites,watertemperaturesweresubstantiallygreaterthanatthethreesiteswithextantbrooktrout.Landuseamountsderivedfromhigh-resolutionaerialphotographyshowedsubstantiallygreateramountsofurbanizationandparticularlyimperviouslandcoverthandidamountsderivedfromthe2001NLCD.Thedifferencesinmeasuredlandcoverbetweenimagerytypeswarrantcautionwhenstatingupperthresholdlimitsoflandcover,becauseuseofimagerymethodsinterchangeablymayproduceinconsistentresults.OurfindingssuggestthatbrooktroutareverysensitivetolandscapealterationsinMarylandanddisappearatlowlevelsofimperviouslandcoverregardlessofthespecificmechanisminvolved.

Scott has worked on the MBSS since 1994. He has worked on nearly every aspect of the MBSS from data collection and management to quality control and report writing. He has an intense desire to realize stream biodiversity protection in Maryland.

[48] Life History of Brook Trout in Western Maryland

DavidKazyakUMCESAppalachianLaboratory301BraddockRd.Frostburg,MD21532301-689-7157dkazyak@umces.edu

Co-Authors:RobertHilderbrand(UniversityofMarylandCenterforEnvironmentalScience,AppalachianLaboratory)

Widespreaddeclineshavebeendocumentedinthedistribution,abundance,andsizestructureofbrooktroutoverthelastseveralcenturies.Inrecentyears,brooktrouthavegarneredincreasingconservationattentionandin2006Marylandadoptedabrooktroutmanagementplan.Thisplanidentifiedfurtherstudyofbrooktroutlifehistoryandmovementasresearchprioritiestoinformfuturemanagementdecisions.Weareusingalarge-scalepassiveintegratedtransponder(PIT)taggingstudytofollowindividualbrooktroutthroughspaceandtimetogeneratefield-basedestimatesofmovement,growth,andsurvival.Todate,we’vetaggedover2,000individualsandhavestationaryPITantennasattwolocations.WearealsousingportablePITantennaslinkedtohigh-performanceGPSunitstofollowthefine-scalemovementsofbrooktroutthroughouttheyear.Ultimately,theresultsofourfieldstudywillparameterizeapopulationmodelwhichwillbeusedtoevaluatemanagementalternativesandpopulationresponsestostochasticevents.

Dave Kazyak grew up in central Maryland and spent many years working on the Maryland Biological Stream Survey. He recently completed a master’s degree in Wildlife Ecology at the University of Maine where he studied the life history of coastal brook trout populations. He is currently a PhD student in Fisheries at the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science Appalachian Lab.

[49] Brook Trout Population Responses to Restrictive Fishing Regulations in the Savage River Watershed

RobertH.HilderbrandUniversityofMarylandCenterforEnvironmentalScienceAppalachianLaboratory301BraddockRd,Frostburg,MD21532301-689-7141Hilderbrand@al.umces.edu

Co-Authors:AlanA.Heft(MarylandDNR,FisheriesService)andAlanKlotz(MarylandDNR,FisheriesService)

RecentbrooktroutdeclinesinGarrettCounty’supperSavageRiverwatershedpromptedafishingregulationschangetoartificialluresonlyandnoharvest.Theyearpriortoregulationchanges,brooktroutnumberswereinverselyrelatedtoeaseofangleraccesswithsubstantiallyfewertroutinthemosteasilyaccessiblesections.Evenfouryearsaftertheregulationchanges,totalnumbersofadults,numbersoflarge(>203mm)fish,andbiomassremainsignificantlylowerinthemosteasilyaccessiblesectionstofishing.Althoughtheresultssuggestthatfishingpressuremaylimitrecoveryevenwithstrictregulations,thedataalsosuggestthattheregulationsmaybelimitinglosses:populationshavebeentendingdownwardsince2008inlow-andmediumaccesssections,butremainstableinhighaccesssections.

Biography. Robert Hilderbrand is an associate professor at the Appalachian Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science in Frostburg, MD. His main research interests revolve around the conservation and management of fish and benthic macroinvetrebrates in headwater streams.

[50] Conservation Genetics and Genomics of Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) Populations: Identification of the Functional Unit of Management in the Chesapeake Bay System

TimL.KingU.S.GeologicalSurveyLeetownScienceCenter(LSC)11649LeetownRoadKearneysville,WV25430304.724.4450tlking@usgs.gov

Co-Authors:BarbaraLubinski(U.S.GeologicalSurvey),JebWofford(NationalParkService),RayMorganII(UniversityofMarylandCenterforEnvironmentalScience)andJayStauffer,Jr.(PennStateUniversity,UniversityPark)

Whilethecurrentparadigmforconservationofspeciesandassociatedhabitatsplacesemphasisonrecognitionandprotectionofirreplaceableevolutionarilydistinctlineages,theidentificationofadaptivefeaturesmustbecomeapriorityandmaybestbeprotectedbymaintainingevolutionarypotentialintheformofheterogeneouslandscapes,migratorycorridors,andviablepopulationsratherthanprotectingspecificphenotypes.However,habitatrestorationintheformofmigratorycorridorsisfrequentlyanunrealisticconservationgoalformanyrange/habitatcompressedbrooktroutpopulations.Therefore,resourcemanagersmustplanforanevolutionaryfutureforpopulationsofthistrustspecies,assuch,ecologicalandevolutionaryprocesses—thosethatmaintaingeneticdiversityandprovidetherawmaterialforevolutionandadaptationofpopulations—mustbeexplicitlyidentifiedandrepresentedinconservationandrestorationefforts.LSCisemployingaresearchframeworkthatinvolvesquantifyingneutral(e.g.,geneticdrift)andadaptive(i.e.,naturalselection)geneticvariationamongecologicallyandevolutionarilydistinctbrooktroutpopulations.PhaseIofthisresearchhaswitnessedanextensivesurveyofgeneticvariationat13microsatelliteDNAlociinover13,000brooktroutsampledfrom325collectionscomprisingthespecies’nativerange.Thissurveyincludesover4,300brooktroutfrom106collectionsrepresentingthemajorriversystems(includingtheGunpowder(2collectionsites),Patapsco,Susquehanna(6),Potomac/Shenandoah(63),Rappahannock(30),andJames(4)rivers)feedingtheChesapeakeBay.Analyseshaveidentifiedprodigouslevelsofgeneticdifferentiationatallspatialscaleswithnearlyallgeographicpopulationsexistingasdiscretepopulations(i.e.,apunctuateddistribution)oftenisolatedbyunacceptablehabitat(e.g.,naturalandman-madebarriers,unacceptablewatertemperature).Inadditiontotraditionalpopulationgeneticsanalyses,retrospectivemonitoring(i.e.,coalescentsimulations)ofbrooktroutpopulationshasilluminatedpreviouslyundetecteddemographichistoriesandevolutionaryrelationshipsamongpopulationsandshedlightonpastandfutureevolutionarytrajectoriesofpopulationsatpreviouslyintractablescales.PhaseIIisdesignedtoidentifyasuiteofphysiologicallyandimmunologicallyrelevantgenesandconsistsofdenovotranscriptomeassemblyandannotationforbrooktrout(currentlyunderway).Thiswillbefollowedbythequantificationofwhole-genomecomparativegeneexpressionprofilesgeneratedfromdeepsequencing(e.g.,RNA-seq)toidentifygenesexhibitingdifferentialexpressioninfishrepresentingabroadlatitudinalandelevationaldistribution.Populationsexhibitingsuperiorcapabilities(e.g.,genescontributingtoadaptivevariation)willbeidentifiedandthisinformationcanbeusedtoassistinprioritizingrestorationandconservationefforts.WewilldiscusshowourresearchobjectiveslinktotheChesapeakeBayExecutiveOrderstrategyandhowourfindingswillreducetheprobabilityofstochasticextinctionforbrooktroutpopulationsunderscenariosofhabitatandpopulationfragmentation.

Dr. Tim King is a Research Fishery Biologist with the aquatic Ecology Branch of the U.S. Geological Survey’s Leetown Science Center in Kearneysville, WV. Dr. King conducts molecular genetics research to develop markers for informative regions of DNA that allow assessment of population genetic structure, phylogeography, phylogenetics, and genomics of threatened and endangered wildlife species. He strives to assist natural resource managers with guidance in identifying appropriate units of conservation.

Climate Change in Maryland: It’s More Than Sea Level Rise

[51] Climate Change Adaptation in Maryland Watersheds: A Strategy for Resilience

MarcusGriswoldOfficeforaSustainableFutureMarylandDNRAnnapolis,MD,USA410-330-6987mgriswold@dnr.state.md.us

Co-author-ZoëJohnson(MDDNR)

Climatechangeisafarreachingprocessthatwillaffectthewaywemanageournaturalresources.Broadly,theimpactsofclimatechangereachbeyondthoserelatedtosealevelrise,thoughthesemaybethemostobviousandwelldocumented.AreportreleasedbytheMarylandClimateCommissionsuggeststhatbroad-reachingimpactsunrelatedtosealevelrisemaybejustasimportantandwillclearlybethedominantimpactsinnon-coastalcounties.Generally,Marylandersshouldexpecttoseestrongerwinterstorms,driersummers,ahigherfrequencyandintensityofstorms,andhotterdays.Allofthiswillmakecompetitionforcleanwatergreater,potentiallyplacingaquaticspeciesatoddswithotherwaterusers.Becauseofthesethreats,Marylandhasestablishedaseriesofclimatechangeadaptationstrategiesthatwillreducepotentialcompetitionandmakecommunitiesmoreresilienttochangesinwaterquantityandquality.Asaresult,theDepartmentofNaturalResourceshasbeenworkingwithotherstateandlocalagenciestoincorporateclimatechangeadaptationintoplanningprocessesandpolicies.Thesestrategiesandprogresstowardsachievingthemwillbediscussed.

Marcus currently serves as the Program Coordinator for Climate Change Adaptation in partnership with UMCES and DNR. He works to develop new outreach programs and enact new laws and policies aimed at increasing state and local capacity to adapt to a changing climate. Marcus’ background is broad, with a strong focus on watershed management and ecosystem functioning, including research, on the ground practices, and federal and local policies that will enhance the resilience of watersheds in the face of disturbance.

[52] It’s Hard to Make Predictions, Especially about the Future: Possible Climate Change Impacts on Maryland Streams

AndrewJ.MillerDept.ofGeography&EnvironmentalSystemsUMBC1000HilltopCircleBaltimore,MD21250443-904-4484miller@umbc.edu

Inits2008report,“GlobalWarmingintheFreeState,”theScientificandTechnicalWorkingGroupoftheMarylandCommissiononClimateChangecitedtheresultsofIPCCensemblemodelingscenariosforfuturechangesintemperatureandprecipitationinMaryland,andsummarizedabroadrangeofliteraturesourcestoidentifylikelyconsequencesofclimatechange.Thiswasfollowedbya2011reportonadaptationandresponsestrategies.

Wedon’tknowwhichIPCCscenarioismostlikely,norcanweremovetheinherentuncertaintyassociatedwiththemodelingscenariosthemselvesorwiththedifferenceinscalebetweenglobalclimatemodelsandthelocaldynamicsofatmosphericprocessesandinteractionwiththesurface.Howeverdespitetheseuncertaintiesthereisafairdegreeofconsensusonthedirectionofchangethatcanbeanticipated.Weexpectthatby2090,seasonalaveragetemperaturewillincreaseby4to9degreesFahrenheit,withslightlylargerincreasesinsummerthaninwinterandthemagnitudeofincreasedependingonwhichemissionsscenarioisused.Itislikelythatstreamtemperatureswillshowcomparabletrends.Summerheatwaveswillincreaseinfrequency,intensityandduration.Urbanareaswillexperiencehottertemperaturesinsummerowingtotheheatislandeffect,andstreamtemperatureswillcontinuetoexperiencerapidspikesfromwaterstrikinghotpavementinsummerthunderstorms.Predictionsaboutprecipitationarelessreliable,butonbalancetheclimatewillbewetterandmoreofourannualprecipitationwillarriveasrainandlessintheformofsnowandice.Itislikelytherewillbeincreasedprecipitationandrunoffinwinterandanearlierannualrunoffmaximuminspring.Averagesummerprecipitationshouldincreaseslightly,butwithincreasedevapotranspirationwemaynotseeanincreaseinaveragesummerrunoff.Regardlessofthedirectionofchangethesummertrendisnotlikelytoshowalargechangeinaveragerunoff.Howeverthevariabilityinrunoffmayincrease.Thelikelihoodandintensityofheavyrainfallprobablywillincrease,withcommensuratechangesinfloodmagnitudeandfrequency;andthelikelihoodofdroughtprobablywillalsoincrease.Thus,evenwithawetterclimateoverall,uncertaintiesassociatedwithextremesofbothwetanddryarelikelytoincrease,andwewillnotbeabletorelyonpasthistorytopredictfuturehazards.Thesechangeswillhaveimplicationsforfluxesofnutrientsandsediments,biogeochemicalprocessing,streamgeomorphologyandaquatichabitat,andstreambiota.

Inconsideringimpactsonstreams,weshouldconsiderthefrequencydistributionsofstreamflowandtemperatureratherthanfocusingonchangesinthemean.Wealsoneedtoconsiderthecombinedeffectsofglobalclimatechangeandurbandevelopment,giventhaturbanstreamsarealreadyexperiencingmuchgreaterimpactsontemperatureandrunoffasaresultofdevelopmentthanwearelikelytoseeelsewhereonthelandscapeforatleastthenextfewdecades.Theworldwilllook,andfeel,verydifferentbytheendofthiscenturycomparedtowhatweexperiencetoday.Butitisstillreasonabletoexpectthat,giventheconsiderableyeartoyearvariabilitythatwealreadyareseeing,thereareanaloguesfortheconditionsof50or100yearsfromnowthatarecurrentlypartofourexperience.Onewaytothinkaboutfutureconditionsisintermsofshiftsintherelativelikelihoodofwhatwenowthinkofaseithernormalorextreme.

Andy Miller is Associate Professor in the Department of Geography & Environmental Systems at UMBC. In 2000 he founded UMBC’s Center for Urban Environmental Research and Education. He is a co-PI on the Baltimore Ecosystem Study and on several multidisciplinary NSF-funded projects investigating linkages between urban development, climate, and watershed hydrology. He served as lead author of the Water Resources and Aquatic Environments chapter in the report of the Scientific and Technical Working Group of the Maryland Commission on Climate Change (“Global Warming in the Free State,” 2008), and of the Water Resources chapter in the Comprehensive Strategy for Reducing Maryland’s Vulnerability to Climate Change (2011).

[53] The USGS Streamflow-Monitoring Network in Maryland—What Can It Tell Us About Climate Change?

JonathanJ.A.DillowUSGSMD-DE-DCWaterScienceCenter5522ResearchParkDriveBaltimore,MD21228(443)498-5524jjdillow@usgs.gov

TheUSGSMaryland-Delaware-DistrictofColumbiaWaterScienceCenterworksincooperationwithavarietyofagenciestoprovidehydrologicdataandhydrologicinvestigationsneededtodescribeandunderstandwaterresourcesonlocalandregionalscales.In2011,thestreamflow-monitoringnetworkmaintainedbyUSGS,andsupportedbyalargegroupofFederal,State,andlocalagenciesprovidesstreamflowdatafrom135locationsinMaryland.Dataprovidedincludenear-realtime,instantaneousstreamflowdatarecordedatintervalsrangingfrom5to15minutes,andupdatedforpublicaccesseveryonetofourhours.Thesedataprovidecurrentinformationusefulinprotectingpublicsafetyandminimizingpropertydamage(inthecaseofflooding),andcanbeusedtomanageavailablewaterresourcestoaccommodatemultiplenaturalandanthropogenicfunctionsduringtimesoflowflowordrought.Thestatisticsderivedfromlong-termdatasetsatnumerousmonitoringlocationscanbeusedtoassessintermediate-andlong-termtrendsandfluctuationsinstreamflowinMarylandtohelppredictmagnitudesoffuturefloods,droughts,andaverageannualstreamflowavailableforwatersupply.Thesestatisticshavetraditionallybeenproducedusinganassumptionoflong-termclimatestability.Recentdiscussionsassertingthattheglobalclimateisnonstationarycan,andshould,beexaminedandtestedatthelocalandregionalscalesusingavailabletemperature,precipitation,landuse,andotherdataalongwithhistoricandcurrentstreamflow-monitoringdatatodetermineiftherearemoreaccuratemethodsofproducinglong-termstreamflowstatistics.Suchanalysesmayalsoofferinsightsintothefuturecharacteristicsoflocalandregionalstreamflow.

Jon Dillow, M.S.C.E. 1995 (Drexel University)—The next speaker has worked for the past 19 years in the USGS MD-DE-DC Water Science Center. Over the course of his career he has been involved in studies of flood magnitude and frequency, drought prediction, and ground-water/surface-water interaction. He is currently responsible for the maintenance and operation of the USGS streamflow-monitoring network, and technical oversight of surface-water analysis projects, in Maryland, Delaware, and the District of Columbia.

[54] What are Some Management Steps for Addressing the Impacts of Climate Change on Fish Species?

NancyButowskiMarylandDNRTawesStateOfficeBldgB-2580TaylorAvenueAnnapolis,Maryland21401410-260-8268nbutowski@dnr.state.md.us

Developingandimplementingeffectivefisherymanagementstrategiesrequiresanunderstandingofthepotentialimpactsofclimatechange.Theeffectsofclimatechangeonfisheryresourcesarecomplexandwillvarydependingonthefishspecies.Climatechangeisexpectedtoshiftthegeographicdistributionandproductivityofspecies;increasevariabilityinstockproduction;increasethevulnerabilityofcriticalhabitat;increasetheprobabilityofinvasivespecies;createeconomichardshipsincommercialfisheries;andchangeecosystemfunctionandcapacityresultinginalteredfishcommunitystructureanddynamics.MarylandDepartmentofNaturalResourceshasdevelopedapolicytoguidethebuildingofnaturalresourceresiliencetoclimatechange.Oneaspectofthepolicyistodevelopandintegratebothadaptionandmitigationreductionstrategiesintonaturalresourcemanagementplansandprograms.Stepsforimprovingfisherymanagementinclude:

establishingharvestpracticesthatpreservethenaturalbufferingcharacteristicsofindividualfishstocks;developingharvestpredictorsthataccountforbothshort-termandlong-termshiftsinproductivecapacity;incorporatinguncertaintyintomanagementframeworks;andadjustingmanagementactionstomaintainormorecarefullyregulatehumanactivity.Akeytoolforinformingadaptationplanninganddecision-makingwillbeconductingvulnerabilityassessments.

Nancy received her BA in biology from St. Louis University and her MS from the University of West Florida. She has worked for the Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Fisheries Division for over 20 years. She is the Program Manager for Fishery Management Planning & Fish Passage. She was part of the technical workgroup for the Bay and Aquatics section of the Comprehensive Strategy for Reducing Maryland’s Vulnerability to Climate Change, Phase II document.

[55] Stream Fish Colonization and Extinction in Shenandoah National Park

Nathaniel(Than)P.HittU.S.GeologicalSurveyLeetownScienceCenter11649LeetownRoadKearneysville,WV25430304-724-4463nhitt@usgs.gov

Co-Authors:KatherineE.Cooper,CraigD.Snyder(U.S.GeologicalSurvey,LeetownScienceCenter)andJebWofford(NationalParkService,ShenandoahNationalPark)

Streamfishcolonizationandextinctiondynamicsmayindicatebroad-scalepatternsofenvironmentalchange.WeinvestigatedtemporalchangesinstreamfishcommunitieswithinShenandoahNationalPark(SNP)from1996-2010.Ourobjectiveswereto(1)assesstemporaltrendsincommunityhomogenizationanddifferentiation,(2)identifyspecieswiththegreatesttemporalchangesinoccurrenceandabundance,and(3)evaluatepredictorsoftemporalchangesinbrooktroutabundance.Weused3-passbackpackelectrofishingdatacollectedbyNationalParkServicepersonnelfor20streamsites(with>7data-yearsand>4species)andappliedMonteCarlosimulationsandmultivariatetechniquestoevaluatetemporalchangesinfishcommunitiesandspecies.Fishcommunitiesexhibitedsignificantchangesovertime,butgenerallyretaineddistinctivecommunitystructureamongsites.Thecommunitiesexhibitingthegreatesttemporalchangesweresubjecttomassivefloodingin1995,andordinationresultssuggesteda5-yearrecoveryperiodforfishcommunities.Species-levelchangeswerecharacterizedbycolonizationandincreasesinabundance,notextinctionevents.ThegreatestincreasesinabundancewereobservedinAmericaneel(Anguilla rostrata),blueheadchub(Nocomis leptocephalus),marginedmadtom(Noturus insignis),andmountainredbellydace(Phoxinus oreas).Temporalpatternsofyoung-of-the-yearbrooktrout(Salvelinus fontinalis)abundancewerepositivelycorrelatedtodischargeinnearbyrivers,suggestingimportanteffectsofflowandstreamdryingonbrooktroutpopulationdynamics.Thesefindingsindicatethatfishcommunitiesandassociatedlong-termdatasetswithinSNPcanserveasusefultoolstostudybroad-scalepatternsofclimatechangeinAppalachia.

Dr. Nathaniel (Than) P. Hitt is a Research Fish Biologist in the Aquatic Ecology Branch of the U.S. Geological Survey’s Leetown Science Center in Kearneysville, West Virginia. Dr. Hitt’s research investigates freshwater fish ecology and community ecotoxicology from a landscape perspective, focusing on stream ecosystems in the mid-Atlantic highlands.

The Chesapeake Phase II Watershed Implementation Plan

[56] The Chesapeake Bay TMDL and the Maryland Watershed Implementation Plan - an Overview and Panel Discussion

RichardEskinScienceServicesAdministrationMarylandDept.oftheEnvironment1800WashingtonBlvdBaltimore,MD21230ph.410-537-3572reskin@mde.state.md.us

InordertoincreasethepaceofBayStateseffortstorestoretheChesapeakeBay,in2010theU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)setlimitsontheamountofnutrientsandsedimentthatcanentertheChesapeakeBay.Inadditiontosettingtheselimits,knownasaTotalMaximumDailyLoad(TMDL),EPArequiredtheBaystatestodevelopstatewideWatershedImplementationPlans(WIPs),toprovideassurancethatthesejurisdictions(NY,PA,MD,DE,VA,WVandtheDistrictofColumbia),werehittingthemarkformeetingnutrientreductiongoals.ThePhaseIWIPsweredevelopedin2010attheStatelevel.TheyallocatedtheallowableloadamongdifferentpollutionsourcesandidentifiedstatewidestrategiesforreducingnutrientsandsedimentsthatimpairtheChesapeakeBay.In2011,theStateiswork-ingwithcountyscaleteamstodeveloptheirportionofMaryland’sPhaseIIWIP.Thelocalteamsincludebroadrepresentationfromthoseentitieswithresponsibilityandauthoritytocontrolnutrientandsedimentloadssuchascountyandmunicipalgovernments,soilconserva-tiondistricts,federalandStateagencies,aswellasstakeholderssuchasenvironmentalNGOs.

ThepresentationwillcoverthekeyelementsoftheBayTMDLandPhaseIIWIPprocessincludingestablishingthetargetloads,currentcapacityanalysis,strategiestoachieveinterimtargets,contingencystrategies,trackingandreporting,and2-yearmilestonecommitments.ThepaneldiscussionwillincludelocalWIPTeamrepresentativeswhowillsharetheirperspectivesontheTMDLandWIPprocess.

Rich has served as the Director, Science Services Administration at the Maryland Dept. of the Environment (MDE) since 2003. His responsibili-ties include leadership and oversight of a major unit of MDE with approximately 100 staff and $12 million budget; multi-media, water quality standards, environmental health, emergency chemical and oil response and nuclear disaster planning (until 2006), and environmental assessment assignments. He received a Ph.D. in 1985 from the University of South Carolina, an MS in 1980 from Hofstra University, and a BS in 1973 from State University of New York at Stony Brook.

Contributed Papers - Stream Critters and Beyond!

[57] Culvert Designs for Fish Passage in Pennsylvania

DavidE.SpottsPennsylvaniaFishandBoatCommission450RobinsonLaneBellefonte,PA16823(814)359-5115dspotts@pa.gov

Pennsylvaniacontainsapproximately86,000milesofstreamsand119,000milesofpublicroadways.Fishmovementcanbeimpededbyhighwayculvertdesignsthatcreatesheetfloworincreasedcurrentvelocitywithintheculvertbarrel,and/orperchedoutletconditions.ThePennsylvaniaFishandBoatCommissionandthePennsylvaniaDepartmentofTransportationreviewedperformancemeasuresofexistingboxculvertsandpipeculvertstodevelopdesignsthatenhancefishpassage.Singleandtwincellboxculvertsaredepressedtwelveinchesbelowstreambedelevation.Boxculvertsinstalledinwaterwayswithstreamslopelessthanfourpercentareconstructedwithadifferentbaffledesignthanthoseinstalledwithstreamslopesgreaterthanfourpercent.Streamflowsaredirectedtotheprimarycellofthetwincellboxculvertstructurewhilethesecondarycellisdesignedonlytoacceptstormflows.Pipeculvertscanbedepressedatvaryingdepthsbelowstreambedelevationdependingupontheupstreamdrainagearea.Allculvertstructuresareinstalledparalleltothestreamgradientandriprapusedtoprotecttheinletandoutletisplacedtomatchtheinvertelevationofthestructure.ThePennsylvaniaDepartmentofTransportationandotherpublicroadstakeholdershaveadoptedthesedesignsasstatewidestandards.Fieldobservationsofrecentlyinstalledboxculvertshaveconcludedthatforthemostpart,thedesignsareeffectiveforfishpassageandprohibitsscouraroundthestructure.

Dave has been employed with the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission since 1979. He is currently the Chief of the Division of Environmental Services and oversees the agency’s waterway permit review, water quality, and non-game species programs. Dave has been an active member of both the National and Pennsylvania Chapter of the American Fisheries Society. During his career, Dave has received several awards including the Outstanding Service Award from the Pennsylvania Chapter of the American Fisheries Society and Vice President Al Gore’s Hammer Award.

[58] The Growing Scientific, Education, and Conservation Impact of FrogWatch USA

RachelGauzaAssociationofZoosandAquariums8403ColesvilleRoad,Suite710SilverSpring,MD20910301-562-0777x246(rgauza@aza.org)

Co-Authors:ShellyGrow(AssociationofZoosandAquariums)

FrogWatchUSA,establishedin1998,isacitizenscienceprogramthatwasacquiredbytheAssociationofZoosandAquariums(AZA)in2009.FrogWatchUSAutilizesvolunteerstoconductlong-termmonitoringoffrogandtoadcallsinwetlandsitesthatareregistered,characterized,andsurveyedseveraltimesperyear.AZAisanonprofitorganizationdedicatedtotheadvancementofzoosandaquariumsintheareasofconservation,education,science,andrecreation.Accreditedzoosandaquariumsserveover175millionvisitorsannuallyandstrivetoconnectpeoplewithnature.AZAiscommittedtoexpandingthenationalscopeoftheFrogWatchUSAprogramandhasdevelopedachaptermodeltocapitalizeupontheimpressiveregionalreachofitsmemberinstitutions.FrogWatchUSAchaptersarebranded,managed,andhostedbyAZA-accreditedinstitutionsorotherlike-mindedorganizations.Chaptercoordinatorsreceiveeitherin-personoronlinetrainingandareresponsibleforrecruiting,training,andsupportinglocalFrogWatchUSAvolunteers.Volunteersusestandardizedprocedurestorecordavarietyofdatawhichprovidesvaluableinformationaboutfrogandtoadpresenceandrelativeabundance.Inaddition,AZAispartneringwiththeNationalGeographicSociety(NGS)onaNationalScienceFoundationfundedprojectthatwillallowvolunteerstousetheonlineFieldScopesoftwareplatformtoenter,map,visualize,andanalyzetheirdatainrealtime.

FrogWatchUSApromotesenvironmentalstewardshipandincreasespublicawarenessoflocalfaunaandsupportinghabitats.Datacollectedfromtheprogramcontributetothescientificunderstandingoflocalandnationalamphibianpopulationdeclinesandtheglobalamphibianextinctioncrisisbyprovidingvaluableinformationonspeciesdistribution,phenology,andpopulationtrendsatindividualwetlandsitesacrosstheUnitedStates.ItisexpectedthatAZA’scommitmenttoincreasethenumberofFrogWatchUSAchaptersandtrainedvolunteersanditspartnershipwithNGStodeveloparichonlineplatformwillsubstantiallyincreasetheimpactandvalueofFrogWatchUSAinthenextfewyears.

Rachel Gauza is a Citizen Scientist Program Specialist at the Association of Zoos and Aquariums and is the new National Coordinator for FrogWatch USA. Before joining AZA, Rachel was a biologist specializing in monitoring and assessment of freshwater streams systems, herpetofauna, and sediment and stormwater best management practices. Rachel is also the Montgomery County Coordinator for the Maryland Amphibian and Reptile Atlas (MARA) and serves on the steering committee and review panel. Rachel holds bachelor’s degrees in biology and music performance from Hood College in Frederick, Maryland. Her professional interests include the monitoring, conservation, ecology, and behavior of amphibians and small mammals, as well as promoting environmental stewardship through public outreach and education.

[59] Year One (2010) of the Maryland Amphibian and Reptile Atlas

HeatherCunninghamNaturalHistorySocietyofMarylandP.O.Box187506908BelairRoadBaltimore,MD21206(443)434-3166hcunningham@marylandnature.org.

TheMarylandAmphibianandReptileAtlasisajointprojectoftheNaturalHistorySocietyofMarylandandMarylandDepartmentofNaturalResources.TheaimoftheprojectistodocumentthedistributionofallamphibianandreptilespeciesinMarylandusingasystematicandrepeatableapproach.Thisisacitizenscienceproject.Volunteersconductthenecessaryfieldworktodocumentthepresenceofthe93speciesofamphibiansandreptileswithinMaryland.Datacollectionbeganin2010andwillcontinuethrough2014.TheAtlasisconductedonagrid-basedgeographicscaleusingU.S.GeologicalSurvey7.5minutequadrangle(quad)maps.Eachquadisfurtherdividedintosixblocks,10squaremileseach.Atotalof260quadsand1,441blocksarecoveredintheAtlas.Minimumcoveragegoalsare25speciesor25activesearchhoursperquadand10speciesperblock.In2010,approximately5,000amphibianandreptilereportsand2,383searchhoursweresubmittedfromover100volunteers.Seventy-fourofMaryland’samphibianandreptilespecieswereencounteredincludinganumberofstaterareandendangeredspecies.However,thecontributionofthedifferenttaxonomicgroupsvaried.Roughlyhalfof2010recordswereAnuran(49%).Overall,datawerereceivedfrom75%ofAtlasquadsand51%ofblocks.Understandingdistributionpatternsofamphibiansandreptilesisneededtocreateeffectiveconservationstrategies.TheMarylandAmphibianandReptileAtlaswillestablishabaselineforfutureeffortstodeterminechangesinthedistributionofamphibiansandreptilesinMaryland. Heather Cunningham works with the Natural History Society of Maryland as the Statewide Coordinator of the Maryland Amphibian and Reptile Atlas. She received her Ph.D in biology from the University of Alabama in 2010. Her background is in ecology and behavioral ecology with a research focus on the role of abiotic and biotic factors in shaping amphibian distributions.

[60] Adult and Larval Caddisfly (Trichoptera) Taxa Richness Indicate Regional Processes Limit In-Stream Larval Richness and Colonization Potential of Urban Headwater Streams

RobertF.SmithDepartmentofEntomologyUniversityofMaryland4112PlantSciencesBuildingCollegePark,MD20742-4454717-201-4724rsmith9@umd.edu

Co-Authors:WilliamO.Lamp(UniversityofMaryland)

Researchinurbanwatershedshasfocusedonhowhumanactivitiesinandaroundstreamsleadtolowerin-streamhabitatandwaterqualityanddecreasefitnessandsurvivorshipofin-streamstagesofaquaticinsects.Humanactivitiescanalsodecreasesurvivalandreproductionofadults,andtheseimpactsmaycontributetospecieslossaswell.Wecomparedassemblagerichnessandcompositionofadultandlarvalcaddisfly(Trichoptera)assemblagesbetweenfoururbanandfourruralMarylandheadwaterstreams.Thisindicatedtheimportanceofregional(dispersaldriven)versuslocal(habitatdriven)processesfortheobservedlowdiversityoflarvalassemblagesinurbanheadwaters.Richnesswashigherattheruralheadwatersforbothlarvaeandadults.Severaltaxaofadultcaddisflieswerefoundaturbanstreamswheretheirlarvaewereabsent.Thissuggeststhatpoorlocalhabitatandwaterqualitypreventedcolonization.However,bothlarvaeandadultsofothertaxaofcaddisfliestypicalofruralheadwaterswereabsentfromsomeurbanheadwaters.Regionalconstraintsondispersallikelypreventthesespeciesfrommigratingtotheseurbansites,andthelackofpotentialcolonizersmayworkinconjunctionwithpoorwaterandhabitatqualitytocauselowlarvaldiversity.Theseresultsindicatethatonlysomecaddislytaxafromtheregionalspeciespoolareavailabletocolonizeurbanstreamsfollowingrestorationofhabitatandwaterquality.

Robert is a graduate student from the Entomology department at the University of Maryland. He is interested in the effects of watershed urbanization on stream insect diversity. Robert’s dissertation work specifically addresses the impacts of watershed urbanization on the movement of adult caddisflies through urban landscapes and how these impacts contribute to species loss from urban headwater streams.

[61] Benthic Invertebrates as Vectors of Fish Pathogens in Aquatic Ecosystems

HeatherL.WalshNationalFishHealthResearchLaboratory11649LeetownRd.Kearneysville,WV25430.(304)724-4445hellery@usgs.gov

Co-Authors:CliffordE.StarliperandVickiS.Blazer

Benthicinvertebratessuchasshellfish,oligochaetes,snailsandleecheshavebeenidentifiedaspotentialvectorsoffishpathogens.InthePotomacRiverBasinspringskinlesionsanddie-offsofadultsmallmouthbass(Micropterusdolomieu)occurredin2002andsubsequentyears.Young-of-the-yearsmallmouthbassmortalitieshaveoccurredforanumberofyearsintheSusquehannadrainage.Deadandmoribundbassexhibitvaryingintensitiesofparasitesintheirtissuesandinternalandexternalbacterialinfections.Parasitessuchaswhitegrubs(Posthodiplostomumminimum)andmyxozoansarefoundinmultipletissuesofthebass.SnailsofthePhysagenusareahostofthewhitegrubandreleasecercariaewhichinfectthefish.Aquaticoligochaetes,polychaetesandbryozoanshavebeenidentifiedashostsofmyxozoanparasitesoffish.Highnutrientloads,periphyton,aquaticvegetationorotherfactorsmaycontributetoincreasedbenthicinvertebrates.Additionally,variouscontaminants(metals,atrazine,estrogeniccompounds)mayreducetheresistanceoffishtopathogensandparasites.Highparasiteinfectionsareknowntoincreasestressinfishandinterferewithnormaltissuefunction.Whentheyenterthefishmicrowoundsareproducedwhichmaybesitesofentryforbacterialpathogens.Bacterialpathogensmayalsobedirectlytransmittedtofishbyparasitessuchasleechesandparasiticcrustaceans.Shellfishmayalsoserveasreservoirsofbacterialpathogenstofish.Inalaboratorystudy,transmissionofAeromonassalmonicidabetweenfishandmusselswasdemonstratedtoreadilyoccurthroughsimplecohabitation.Flavobacteriumcolumnare,thecauseofcolumnarisdiseasetomanyfishes,hasbeenrecoveredfromtwomusselspeciesAmblemaplicatafromtheOhioRiverandVillosairisfromtheClinchRiver,Virginia.Theroleofinvasivespeciesinparasiteintroductionand/orpathogentransmissioniscurrentlyunknowninthePotomacandSusquehannadrainages,hencerecognizingandunderstandingtheroleofbenthicinvertebrates(nativeandinvasive)asvectorsoffishdiseaseisimportant.

Heather will graduate with her master’s degree in August. Her thesis is on the effects of land use and season on trematode infection in smallmouth bass and describing two new gill myxozoans of smallmouth bass. Heather works at the National Fish Health Research Lab as a technician and spends most of her time working on histopathology and some molecular biology projects.

[62] Taxonomic Data Quality Control for the Maryland Biological Stream Survey, 1995-2009

ErikW.Leppo410-356-8993erik.leppo@tetratech.com

Co-Authors:JamesB.Stribling(TetraTech,Inc.)andDanielM.Boward(MarylandDNR)

BenthicmacroinvertebratesamplesusedbytheMarylandBiologicalStreamSurvey(MBSS)forstreamandwatershedassessmentsareprocessedbytaxonomistsoftheDepartmentofNaturalResources(MDNR).Sincethe1995inauguralyear,theMBSShasdoneinexcessof2,500streamassessmentsthrough2009;theybegananintermittent(sometimesannual)qualitycontrol(QC)analysisoftaxonomicconsistency/precisionin1998.Thetechniqueusedforthisanalysisreliesonhavingtwoindependenttaxonomistsorlaboratoriesidentifyorganismsinasample,directcomparisonoftheresultsbyathirdparty,anddocumentingtheoccurrenceandcausesofdifferencesintheresults.Detailed,taxonbytaxonevaluationofthecomparisonsprovidesinformationonproblematictaxa,areasforimprovement,anddocumenteddataquality.Differencesaresummarizedforasampleasanerrorrate(percenttaxonomicdisagreement[PTD]),thus,lowervaluesaredesirable;theunofficialstandardusedbymanyprogramsisameasurementqualityobjective(MQO)of15%.SampleQCistypicallydoneroughlyatarateof10%ofthetotalnumberofsamplesinalot,where,followingidentificationbytheprimarytaxonomist,thatproportionisrandomly-selectedfromtheentireset,and,theyaretransferredtotheQCtaxonomist.Thefirstcomparisonsdonewerebasedon55samples,whichwererandomlyselectedfromapproximately1,000samplescollectedfrom1995-97,andrepresentedbetween5-6%ofthesamplelot.RoutineandexternalQCwasnotdoneforseveralyears,until,beginningin2005,comparisonshavebeendoneannuallyfor4outof5years,through2009averagingabout10samplesperyear.TheprocedurehasbecomemoreefficientinthattimeframeduetoitsuseintheUSEPANationalAquaticResourceSurveys(NARS),aswellasforanumberofotherindividualstateandcountyprograms.Themeanerrorrate(PTD)forthe95samplesis15.3%(sd=9.7),withapproximately40%ofthesamplesexceeding

theMQOof15%.The38samplesinexceedenceexhibiterrorratesrangingfrom15.1–52.5%,withthoselowerthantheMQOrangingfrom1.1–15.0%(n=57).Changesinerrorratefromthe1995-1997testing(meanPTD=16.6%;range1.1–52.5;47%ofsamplesinexceedence)to2005-2009(meanPTD=13.9%;range1.7–29.8;38%exceedence)reflectsabetterunderstandingoftheprocesshavingbeendevelopedbytheMDNRtaxonomists,aswellasgreaterattentiontoproblematicissues(consistencyofhierarchicaleffort,count/no-countspecimens).WerecommendthatroutineannualmonitoringoftaxonomicdataqualityfortheMBSScontinue,whileinstitutingagoalofhaving<20%ofsamplesinexceedenceoftheMQO.

Mr. Erik Leppo has worked at Tetra Tech for over 17 years, performing benthic macroinvertebrate-based biological assessments for numerous agencies/entities across the U.S. Currently, he participates in index development and landscape classification projects, and manages databases for several national, regional, and state monitoring and assessment programs. Along with Dr. Stribling, he helped develop a taxonomic quality control procedure, and has been integral in its use in multiple USEPA National Aquatic Resource Surveys (NARS), even making initial efforts to apply it to periphyton, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and fish samples. This included the National Wadable Streams Assessment, National Lakes Assessment, and the National Rivers and Streams Assessment. Cumulatively evaluating around 300 samples as representative 10% of >3,000 samples collected as part of those efforts.

Marcellus Shale I: Science and Policy

[63] NO TITLE

DavidKargbo

NOABSTRACTSUBMITTED

[64] Geology of the Marcellus Shale in Maryland

DavidK.BrezinskiMarylandGeologicalSurvey2300St.PaulSt.Baltimore,21218410.554.5526dbrezinski@dnr.state.md.us

Overthepast70years,the400million-year-oldOriskanySandstonehasbeentheprimarytargetofAppalachiangasexploration.Tensofthousandsofconventionalwellshavebeendrilledtothisrockformation.Geologistshavepresumedthatthegascontainedwithinthisporoussandstoneunitwaslikelygeneratedintheoverlyingorganic-richMarcellusShale.Recentdevelopmentsinwelldrillingandstimulationtechnologieshavemadeitpossibletoexploittheseorganicrichlayersdirectlyandallowthecaptureofgascontainedwithinthelesspermeableshale.TheMarcellusShaleistheoldestanddeepestofseveralDevonianAppalachianorganic-richshaleunits.TheMarcelluswasdeposited390millionyearsagowhenwesternMarylandwaslocatedatabout30degreessouthoftheequator.Thisrockunitwasformedinageographicallyrestricted,deepseasettingthatformedastheresultoftectonicplatecollisioninareasnowburiedbeneathMaryland’sCoastalPlain.Thiscollisionproducedaseawaythatwasthousandsoffeetdeep.Belowthewarm,well-litsurfacewaterswhereanimalsandplantscouldsurvive,thewaterswerestagnantanddevoidofcirculation.Asaresult,atdepthsgreaterthanabout100to200metersthewatercolumnwasoxygendeficient.Thus,whentheanimalandplantsthatlivedintheshallowwatersdied,theirremainssunkintotheanoxicwatersandwerepreservedintheoxygen-freedepths.Throughmillionsofyearsorganicmaterialsanktotheseafloorandaccumulatedasablackorganicshale.Thisblackcarbon-richshalewasburiedsubsequentlybyasmuchas15,000feetofrock.Duringtheensuingmillionsofyearstheelevatedtemperaturesandpressuresfromtheoverlyingblanketofrocks,aswellasaddedpressuresfrommountainbuildingepisodes,servedtoheattheorganicmatter.Thisprolongedheatingcausingthebreak-upoflongorganickerogenmoleculesintoshorterandshorterhydrocarbonmoleculesthatmakeupnaturalgas.

David K. Brezinski is the Appalachian stratigrapher and paleontologist for the Maryland Geological Survey. His main research interest is the study of the limestone rocks of Maryland and how sinkholes form within them. He has worked at the Survey since 1985.

[64] An In-Depth Look at Water Chemistry in the Upper Monongahela River Basin

PaulZiemkiewiczWestVirginiaWaterResearchInstituteWestVirginiaUniversity385EvansdaleDriveMorgantown,WV26506304-293-2967Paul.Ziemkiewicz@mail.wvu.edu

Co-authors:PaulZiemkiewicz,DaveSavilleandMelissaO’Neal

TheMonRiverQUESTisacollaborativewaterqualitymonitoringandreportingprojectfortheMonongahelaRiverBasin(MRB),ledbytheWestVirginiaWaterResearchInstitute(WVWRI).TheprogramservestodisplayandmanagedatacollectedinternallybytheWVWRIandthroughQUESTvolunteers.TheWVWRIhasbeencollectingbi-weeklysamplesintheMRBsince2009.Thosesamplesareanalyzedforavarietyofchemicalparameters.Tocomplementthissamplingprogram,theWVWRIiscurrentlyembarkingonacollaborativeapproachtodisplayconductivitydataprovidedbyvariouswatershednetworksandindividuals.AstrategicmonitoringprogramfortheMonongahelaRiverwatershedwasdevelopedandimplementedinJuly,2009.Theprogramincludeswaterqualitymonitoringandsamplingonabi-weeklybasis.Monitoringlocationshavebeenestablishedat16locationsinthewatershedincluding4sitesontheMonongahelaRiverandat12locationsatthemouthsofitsmajortributaries.Soonafterthemonitoringprogramwasimplemented,afishkillinSeptember2009onDunkardCreek,atributaryoftheMonRiver,gainedmuchmediaattention.TheWVDEPandPADEPdeterminedthatthefishkillwascausedbyatoxicbloomofgoldenalgae,P.parvum,whichflourishesinsalinewater.NottypicallyfoundinthefreshwaterstreamsoftheAppalachians,ithasnotbeendeterminedhowthealgaewereintroducedintoDunkardCreek.Controlling

salinityinthetributariesaswellastheMonongahelamainstemgainedurgencyascoalminingcontinuesandshalegaswelldevelopmentisontheupswing.Thispresentationfocusesonthetrendsinwaterchemistry,pollutantloadingsandsourcesintheUpperMonongahelaRiveranditsmajortributaries.Inaddition,theapplicationofthistypeofmonitoringdatatobettermanagepollutantsonlargeriversystemswillbediscussed.Forexample,usingtheflowmodelgeneratedthroughthisprogramtheWVWRIestablishedaCoalIndustryWorkinggroupinJanuary2010tocoordinateminepumpingwiththeassimilativecapacityofthereceivingstreams.SincethenTDSandsulfatehavebeenbelowthesecondarydrinkingwaterstandardsontheMonongahelaRivermainstemandtheDunkardCreekfisheryhasrebounded.PaulZiemkiewiczistheDirectoroftheWestVirginiaWaterResearchInstitute(WVWRI).TheWVWRIhasastaffofthirteenandworkswiththefacultyofWVUandotheruniversitiestomanageprogramsthatrangefromlocal,regional,national,tointernationalinscope.Majorprogramsincludeminedrainage,watershedmanagement,biofuels,industrialsiterestorationandtreatmentofdrillingbrines.

Dr. Ziemkiewicz’s responsibilities focus on addressing high priority environmental issues by developing research opportunities, assembling and managing research teams and responding to the needs of sponsors. In addition to his research roles, Dr. Ziemkiewicz serves on both state and federal policy advisory committees focusing on energy and water. Dr. Ziemkiewicz is a member of the West Virginia Acid Mine Drainage Task Force, the Eastern Mine Drainage Federal Consortium, the West Virginia Special Reclamation Trust Fund Advisory Council and the Ohio River Basin Water Availability and Management Work Group. Dr. Ziemkiewicz received the E.M. Watkin Award in 1985 for Outstanding Contribution to the Betterment of Land Reclamation in Canada, presented by the Canadian Reclamation Association. In 2005 he received the Environmental Conservation Distinguished Service Award, presented by the Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration. He holds a Bachelor’s degree in Biology and a Master’s degree in Range Ecology from Utah State University, and Doctorate in Forest Ecology from the University of British Columbia.

[65] The Maryland Marcellus Shale Executive Order

BrigidKenneyPlanningDirectorMarylandDepartmentoftheEnvironmentBaltimore,MDbkenney@mde.state.md.us

OnJune6,2011,GovernorO’MalleysignedanExecutiveOrderestablishingtheMarcellusShaleSafeDrillingInitiativetoensurethat,ifdrillingfornaturalgasfromtheMarcellusShaleproceedsinMaryland,itisdoneinawaythatprotectspublichealth,safety,naturalre-sources,andtheenvironment.WhiletherearemanypotentialbenefitsthatcouldcomefromexploringandexploitingMaryland’sMarcel-lusshalegasreserves,therearealsomanylegitimatepublichealth,safety,environmental,andnaturalresourceissues.TheGovernordirectedtheDepartmentofNaturalResourcesandtheDepartmentoftheEnvironment,inconsultationwithanAdvisoryCommission,toperformastudyandreportonitsconclusionsandrecommendations.TheMarcellusShaleSafeDrillingInitiativeisintendedtoprovidecriticallyneededinformationabouttherisksinherentindeepdrillingandfrackingandconsensusaboutwhatpoliciesandpermitconditionswouldadequatelyprotectagainstthoserisks.TheMarcellusShaleSafeDrillingInitiativeisnotamoratoriumondrillingintheMarcellusShaleanddoesnotrestricttheDepartment’sabilitytoissuepermitsunderexistinglawandregulation.TheMarylandDepartmentoftheEnvi-ronmentcurrentlyhastheauthorityinstatelawandregulationtoplaceallreasonableconditionsinpermitsnecessarytoprovideforpublicsafetyandtoprotectpublichealth,theenvironmentandnaturalresources.IfinformationbecomesavailableduringthecourseofthestudythatissufficienttodemonstratethatthenaturalgascanbeextractedfromshaleformationsinMarylandwithoutadverseimpacttohumanhealth,naturalresources,ortheenvironment,MDEcouldissuepermitswithallappropriatesafeguardsinplace.

TheExecutiveOrderinstructstheMarylandDepartmentsoftheEnvironmentandNaturalResourcesandtheAdvisoryCommissiontotakeadvantageofotherongoingresearch.ByDecember31,2011,theDepartmentsshallpresentfindingsandrelatedrecommendationsregardingthedesirabilityoflegislationtoestablishrevenuesources,suchasaState-levelseverancetax,andthedesirabilityoflegislationtoestablishstandardsofliabilityfordamagescausedbygasexplorationandproduction.ByAugust1,2012,itmustmakerecommendationsforbestpracticesforallaspectsofnaturalgasexplorationandproductionintheMarcellusShaleinMaryland.NolaterthanAugust1,2014,itmustissueafinalreportwithfindingsandrecommendationsrelatingtotheremainingissues.

TheCommissionwasnamedonJuly19.ItincludesabroadrangeofstakeholdersandrepresentativesfromwesternMaryland,includingrepresentativesfromthescientificcommunity,thegasindustry,business,agriculture,environmentalorganizations,citizens,andgovern-ment.InformationaboutthestudywillbepubliclyavailableandtheAdvisoryCommission’smeetingswillbeopentothepublic.

Brigid Kenney joined the Maryland Department of the Environment as Planning Director four years ago. Secretary Summers has tasked her with coordinating MDE’s work on the Marcellus Shale Safe Drilling Initiative. Before joining MDE, Ms. Kenney practiced law for 28 years at a large Baltimore firm, concentrating on Environmental Law.

Say Hello to my TMDL!A Look at Freshwater Regulations in Maryland

[67] Maryland’s Ion Monitoring Plan: Supporting Water Quality Criteria Development for Chloride Concentrations

AdamRettigMDESciencesServicesAdministration

BasedontheMarylandStressorIDmethodology,TheMarylandDepartmentofTheEnvironment(MDE)hasplacedseveralstreamsonthe303dlistforbeingimpairedbyelevatedchloride(Cl-)concentrations.Asaresult,theMDE–ScienceServicesAdministration(SSA)hasstartedtheprocessofdevelopingCl-TMDLsforthesewatersheds.Insupportofthiseffort,theWaterQualityStandardsSectionofSSAhasdevelopedamonitoringplanthatwillhelpidentifyanappropriatewaterqualitycriteriaforCl-toprotecttheaquaticlifeDesignatedUse.ElevatedconcentrationsofCl-negativelyimpactaquaticorganismsbyimposingaddedosmoregulatorystress.TheosmoregulatoryeffectsofelevatedCl-canvarydrasticallyatgivenconcentrations,duetothepresenceorabsenceofotherions(andtracemetals)insolution(Mountetal.,1997).Thiscollectivemixtureofions(andtracemetals)insurfacewatersisknownasthe“ionmatrix”.Becauseoftheionmatrix’sabilitytoameliorateorcompoundthetoxicityofCl-,itisimperativethattheconcentrationofCl-isexaminedinconcertwiththecompositionandconcentrationoftheionmatrix.ThemonitoringplanwillexamineCl-concentrationsandtheionmatrixassociatedwiththetwodominantmechanismsofdeliveryofCl-tosurfacewater:therunoffofcontaminatedsnowmeltandstormwater,andtheinflowofcontaminatedgroundwater.These2deliverymechanismsvarytemporallyandgeographicallyinMD,whichinfluencestheconcentrationsofionsinsurfacewatersinasimilarfashion.Extremelyhigh,andpresumablyacutelytoxic,levelsofCl-arepresentduringthelatewinterandspringinMDstreamsthatareclosetourbancentersandtransportationcorridors,whenstreamdischargeisrunoffdominated,postroadde-icingactivities.ElevatedCl-concentrationsinsurfacewatersasaresultofcontaminatedgroundwatersaremostevidentduringthedriertimesoftheyear,whenastream’sflowiscomposedprimarilyofthegroundwatercontribution.ThisportionoftheoverallCl-contributiontosurfacewatersisexpectedtohavemoreofachroniceffectonecosystemfunction.Consequently,theCl-monitoringplanhasatwoprongedapproach:astorm-flowapproachandabase-flowapproach.AnautomatedstormsamplerwillbeestablishedalongthebankofastreamthatisdocumentedtopossesbiologicallyimpairingCl-concentrations.ThesamplerwilltaketimedwaterchemistrysamplestocapturethemaximumCl-(andotherions)concentrationsthatexistduringlatewinterandspringflows.TheintentistodeterminetheconcentrationofCl-thatpresentsacutelytoxicconditionstoaquaticorganisms,andtoidentifytheionmatrixassociatedwiththatCl-concentration.ToidentifyCl-concentrationsinsurfacewatersduringbaseflowdominateddischarges,grabsampleswillbetakenfromstreams,byecoregion,thatmeetthebiologicalcriteriafornon-impairmentstatus(fishandbenthicinvertebrateIBIscore≥3),andfromstreamsthatmeetthebiologicalcriteriaforhighqualitystatus(fishandbenthicinvertebrateIBIscore≥4).Thisbaseflowapproachwillattempttocharacterizethebackgroundionmatrixinhighqualitysystems(IBI≥4),representingthenaturalconditions,andinstreamsthatmeetnon-impairmentstatus(IBI≥3).Approximately860sampleswillbecollectedasaresultofthestormflowandbaseflowmonitoringapproaches.Sampleswillbeanalyzedforconductivity,totaldissolvedsolids,calcium,magnesium,sodium,potassium,chloride,sulfate,bicarbonate/alkalinity,nitrate/nitrite,phosphate,hardness,bromide,iron,manganese,selenium,aluminum,strontium,barium,zinc,lead,andcopper.Baseflowsamplingwillbecompletedbythenfallof2011,andautomated/stormflowsamplingwillbecompletedbysummer2012.

Adam received his BS at Frostburg State University in Fisheries and Wildlife Management and an MS at the University of Missouri-Columbia in fisheries ecology, with a focus on watershed impacts on stream function. He has been working for the state of MD for 5 years. He started as the “Corsica Guy” for MDE, and then moved to Water Quality Standards Development. Prior to MDE, Adam worked for 2 years as biologist for Tetra Tech’s Ecological Services Division in Owings Mills. Adam is interested in restoring and conserving aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and researching, monitoring, and managing the effects of land use activities on structure and function of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems; and encouraging connectivity between natural resources and the public through recreation and sensible use. Adam grew up in Waynesboro, PA (3 miles north of the Mason-Dixon Line), along the banks of the East Branch of the Antietam. So with the exception of his time in Missouri, he has spent his entire life boating, biking, hunting, hiking, fishing, and working in ecosystems familiar to Maryland.

[68] Watershed-Based Monitoring Network Design for Chlorides and Sulfates

AllisonO’HanlonMarylandDepartmentoftheEnvironmentaohanlon@mde.state.md.us

In2002,theStateofMarylandbeganlistingbiologicalimpairmentsontheIntegratedReportofSurfaceWaterQuality(IR).TheseCategory5listingsforbiologicalimpairmentsrepresentdegradedbiologicalconditionsforwhichthestressors,orcauses,areunknown.In2009theMarylandDepartmentoftheEnvironment(MDE)developedabiologicalstressoridentification(BSID)process,todeterminethepredominantcause(s)ofdegradedbiologicalconditions,thusenablingMDEtomosteffectivelydirectcorrectivemanagementaction(s).Foreach8-digitwatershedwithabiologicalimpairmentlisting,theBSIDprocesswillidentifyspecificstressor(s),orCategory5

impairments,whicharecausingfailureofthewatershedtoattainitsdesignateduse.

TheBSIDprocessiscurrently,andwillcontinuetoaddmanynewpollutantspecificCategory5impairmentlistingstotheIR.Recently,theBSIDprocesshasidentifiedelevatedconcentrationsofchlorides(CL)andsulfates(SO4)aspotentialcause(s)ofbiologicalimpairmentinwatershedsthroughouttheStateofMaryland.Thesewatershedsaretypicallyassociatedwithurbanareasand/ormajortransportationroutes.Intotal,theBSIDprocesshasidentifiedapproximatelytwentysixCLandtwentySO4impairmentlistingsatthe8-digitwatershedscale.CLandSO4werefirstlistedinthe2010IR;theIRincluded11newCategory5listingsforthesebiologicalstressors.Currently,MDEhasneversubmittedachlorideorsulfateTotalMaximumDailyLoad(TMDL)totheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA),therefore;theDepartmentmustinvestresourcesintodevelopingthesetypesofTMDLs.AddressingthesenewCLandSO4category5listingswillbeacriticalfocusoftheTMDLprogramoverthenextseveralyears.AkeycomponenttoaddressingthesenewlistingsistohavesufficientwaterqualitydataforTMDLand/orWaterQualityAnalysis(WQA)development.

Allison graduated from St. Mary’s College of Maryland in 1987 and started her career as a Biologist with the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. In1989 Allison started as a Natural Resource Biologist for the Maryland Department of the Environment. In 2009 she became Section Head of the Biological Stressor Identification Section.

[69] The Integrated Report (aka 303d/305b List) of Surface Water Quality: Calling It as We See It

MatthewStoverMarylandDepartmentoftheEnvironment1800WashingtonBlvdBaltimore,MD21230410-537-3611mstover@mde.state.md.us

TheIntegratedReport(IR)isabiennialreportsubmittedtotheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)onthequalityofMaryland’ssurfacewaters.TheIRwasformerlysubmittedastwoseparatereportscommonlyknownasthe303(d)List(theimpairedwaterslist)andthe305(b)Report,bothrequiredbythefederalCleanWaterAct.TheIRprovidesassessmentinformationforMaryland’sstreams,rivers,impoundments,estuaries,andoceanwaters.AssessmentsfortheIRareconductedbycompilingandanalyzinghighqualitydatafromamultitudeofsourcesincludingstateandlocalgovernmentagencies,academia,andwatershedorganizations.Watersareplacedintofivedifferentcategoriesaccordingtotheirwaterqualitystatus,including:Category1-watersattainingallstandards;Category2-watersattainingsomestandards;Category3-waterswithinsufficientinformationtodetermineifwaterqualitystandardsareattained;Category4–impairedorthreatenedwatersthatdonotneedorhavealreadycompletedaTotalMaximumDailyLoad(TMDL);andCategory5[thehistorical303(d)List]-impairedwatersforwhichaTMDLisrequired.TheMarylandDepartmentoftheEnvironment(MDE)currentlyprovidesanonlinesearchabledatabaseandclickablemapapplicationforfindingwaterqualityassessmentinformationspecifictoawatershedofinterest(http://www.mde.maryland.gov/programs/Water/TMDL/Integrated303dReports/Pages/303d.aspx).Inthenearfuture,MDEwillbeprovidingamoreinteractiveandhigherresolutionmapthatwillofferassessmentinformationatthestreamsegmentlevel.Thiswaterqualityinformationisusedextensivelyforsettingstatemonitoringpriorities,drivingTMDLdevelopment,informingNationalPollutantDischargeEliminationSystem(NPDES)permitconditions,andinfluencingwaterqualityrestorationandprotectionefforts.ItisMDE’sgoaltohavethisinformationincreasinglyusedatalllevelsofplanninginordertomakeprogressinrestoringandprotectingMaryland’swaters.Howcanyourorganizationusethisinformationtoimproveresourceplanningefforts?

Matthew Stover graduated from Washington College in Chestertown, MD with a B.A. in Environmental Studies. He currently works in MDE’s Science Services Administration performing duties including: assessing water quality for the 303(d) List, reviewing projects so as to protect Tier II high quality waters, and providing guidance in the management of dredge material containment facilities. He has been at MDE for 6 years and before that worked at Maryland DNR and later with a private consulting firm.

[70] Incorporation of Maryland’s Current Antidegradation Implementation Procedures into the Approval or Permitting Framework

AngelValdezMarylandDepartmentoftheEnvironmentavaldez@mde.state.md.us

CurrentlytheonlycharacteristicutilizedtodesignatehighqualityorTierIIwatersintheStateofMarylandisbiology.AllofthedatautilizedinthedesignationeffortisprovidedbytheMDDNRMarylandBiologicalStreamSurvey(MBSS)program.ThroughawellestablishedworkingrelationshipwiththeMDDNR,MDEhasutilizedtheMBSSprograminrecentyearstoidentifyadditionalhighqualitywatersthroughoutthestate,andthishasresultedinanincreaseinthenumberofhighqualitywatersintheState,growingfrom83in2004whentheAntidegradationImplementationProcedureswereoriginallypromulgatedintotheCodeofMarylandRegulations(COMAR)26.08.02.04-1,to238in2011.Asmandatedbytheregulation,theDepartmentmustensurethatapplicantsminimizethe

useofeachhighqualitywaters’assimilativecapacity,whichisthedifferencebetweenthewaterqualityatthetimethewaterbodywasdesignatedasTierII(baseline)andthewaterqualitycriterion,takingintoaccountpotentialchangesduetonaturalvariability.AstheMBSSdatasetissupplementedannually,itnotonlyprovidestheinitialbaselinedata,italsoprovidesamechanismtoassessthecurrentstatus,orassimilativecapacityofthosewatersmovingforward.Tofurtherthatend,theStatealsoleveragesapplicablepermittingandregulatoryapprovalauthoritiestonotonlyaddressassimilativecapacityandanthropogenicdegradationissuesidentifiedbycurrentbiologicaldata,butalsotogatheradditionalbiologicaldataduringthecourseofthepermittedactivity.

Angel Valdez is a graduate of Loyola University Maryland, where she received her Bachelor of Science in Biology. Upon graduation Ms. Valdez worked extensively in the field of environmental education before joining the Maryland Department of the Environment’s Science Services Administration where she helps coordinate the Antidegradation Policy Implementation effort and assists with technical over site and management of dredging and other natural resource activities throughout the state.

[71] Maryland’s Synoptic Survey

QuentinForrest

InMaryland,theSynopticSurveyisastate-wide,inexpensive,rapidwaterqualityassessmenttoolthatfocusesonnon-tidalstreams.TheSynopticSurveyusesthetechniqueofcollectingnumerouswaterqualitysamplesoverashortperiodoftimeforadefinedgeographicarea.UsingGISsoftwaretomaptheSynopticSurveyresultsenablesmanagerstopaintasnapshotofawatershedthathighlightspotentialproblemareasfortheconstituentofconcern.MarylandhasusedtheSynopticSurveytechniquetolocate“hotspots”fornutrients,bacteria,roadsalt,lowpH,highconductivity,dissolvedoxygen,andsometoxins.State,countyandmunicipalagencieshavefoundSynopticSurveydatatobeveryusefulasabuildingblockforwatershedplansandasagoodstartingpointfortargetingimplementationactivitieswithregardstoTMDLs.Repetitivesurveys,bothseasonallyandannually,canprovideadditionalinformationabouttheimpactoflandusechanges,agriculturalcropchanges,groundwaterlagtime,andprogresstowardsTMDLgoals.

Quentin Forrest presently serves as the Division Chief of the Chemical and Biological Monitoring Division with the Maryland Department of the Environment (MDE), Science Services Administration, Field Services Program. He has worked for MDE since 1999. He earned a Bachelor of Science (BS) in Biology from St. Mary’s College of Maryland and a Master of Science (MS) in Environmental Science from the University of Houston.

Volunteer Monitoring Success Stories

[72] Oyster Gardening: A Volunteer Success Story

E.J.Chalabala39375InletRoadRehobothBeach,DE19975302-228-8954restoration@inlandbays.org

Oystergardeningisthenurserycultureofsmall,hatchery-producedoysters,called“seed”or“spat”toalarger“juvenile”sizebyvolunteersinfloatingcagesoffofthevolunteer’sdock.Westartedin2003with20volunteersandnowwehaveover200.Numerousthesis’havebeenwrittenandpublishedontheinformationattainedandhundredsofbushelsofoystershavebeenplantedforrestorationpurposesintheDelawareInlandBays.It’stheDelawareCenterfortheInlandBaysmostpopularvolunteerprogram,withlotsofinteresteveryyear.

E.J. Chalabala who has been the Restoration Coordinator for the Delaware Center for the Inland Bays since 2003. He attained his Bachelor’s Degree in Aquaculture and Fisheries from Clemson University. He now spends much of his time with volunteers helping to raise shellfish for restoration purposes in the Delaware Inland Bays.

[73] The Delaware Nature Society’s Riparian Habitat Assessment

KristenTraversWaterQualityMonitoringCoordinatorDelawareNatureSociety302-239-2334x102Kristen@delawarenaturesociety.org

LearnabouthowtheDelawareNatureSociety,StreamwatchvolunteersandtheDelawareDepartmentofNaturalResourcesandEnvironmentalControlteamed-uptodevelopandpilotariparianhabitatassessmentprogramtoevaluatethehealthoflocalstreamsandprioritizestreamsitesforfuturework.Thepresentationwillcovertheassessmenttoolsdeveloped,initialvolunteertrainingdesignandqualitycontrol,andfuturedirectionsfortheproject.

Kristen Travers is the Water Quality Monitoring Coordinator for the Delaware Nature Society, bringing over 15 years of experience communicating watershed science to diverse audiences. She has worked extensively with watershed organizations to provide mentoring and technical training and has developed nationally available watershed-based curriculum materials for educators. She has presented on watershed education and science at numerous conference including the National Science Teachers Association, North American Association for Environmental Education, and the National Water Quality Monitoring Conference. Kristen holds a B.S. in Environmental Science and M.Ed in Instructional Design and Training.

[74] RiverTrends: Using Volunteer Data for Outreach on Water Quality Issues and Solutions

Anna MathisAlliance for the Chesapeake BayP.O. Box 1981Richmond, VA 23218(804) 775-0951(804) 775-0954 (fax)amathis@allianceforthebay.org

RiverTrends,theAlliancefortheChesapeakeBay’svolunteerwatermonitoringprogram,hasbeencollectinghigh-qualitydataforover25years.Mostrecently,wehaveworkedwiththevolunteerwatershedorganizationstoanalyzedatawhichisthenpublishedinareportcardtypenewsletteroronawebsite.Thegoalistoprovideeasy-to-understandinformationtocommunitiesregardinglocalwaterqualityconditionsandsolutionstoproblems.WewillhighlighttheHazelRunBacteriaReportandprovideanoverviewofcurrentprojects.

Anna Mathis is the Program Coordinator for the Alliance’s Virginia office. She coordinates the RiverTrends water quality monitoring program, BayScapes projects, and other projects in partnership with watershed groups in Virginia’s portion of the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Anna graduated from the Nicholas School for the Environment and Earth Sciences at Duke University with a Masters in Environmental Management.

[75] Maryland Stream Waders: Eleven Years of Success!

DanBowardMarylandDNR580TaylorAvenueAnnapolis,Maryland21401410-260-8605dboward@dnr.state.md.us

Co-authors:SaraWegleinandMichaelKashiwagi(MarylandDNR)

Quiz–Whathascoldtoes,lovescreeks,andgivestimeandenergygenerouslytohelpMaryland’senvironment?AMarylandStreamWaderVolunteer,ofcourse!Since2000,theMarylandtheMarylandDepartmentofNaturalResourceshastrainedandrecruitedvolunteerstosamplebenthicmacroinvertebratesinfreshwaterstreamsaspartoftheMarylandStreamWadersProgram.ManyaspectsofStreamWadersareseamlesswiththoseoftheMarylandBiologicalStreamSurvey(MBSS),includingfieldandlaboratorymethods,dataanalysis,anddeterminationofstreamqualityusingaBenthicIndexofBioticIntegrity(BIBI).About1,240volunteershavesampled5,590sitesstatewidetohelpfillinthegapsinareasnotsampledbyDNRprofessionals.Thistalkwillprovideanoverviewofthefirst11yearsofStreamWadershighlightingtheProgram’ssuccesses,challengesandfuture.

Dan is a biologist with the Maryland Department of Natural Resources’ Maryland Biological Stream Survey. He has a BS in Zoology from the University of Maryland and a MS in Environmental Science and Policy from Johns Hopkins University.

[76] Stream Research and Community Outreach Using Volunteers

LindsayHollisterJugBayWetlandsSanctuary1361WrightonRoadLothian,MD20711410-741-9330rpholl27@aacounty.org

In2009theJugBayWetlandsSanctuarybeganaStreamWatershedStudy,comparingthreesmallPatuxentRivertributariesthatflowthroughourproperty.Thesefreshwater,coastalplainstreamshavevaryingwatershedsizesandlanduse.Workingwithvolunteers,weconductbiologicalandchemicalmonitoring.Inaddition,wehaveanoutreachcomponenttoencourageupstreamhomeownerswithinthewatershedstohelpusimprovethehealthofthestreamsovertime.Researchisongoing,andtodate,ouroutreacheffortshaveincludedaStreamSummit,presentingdataandbestmanagementpractices,andaStreamBlitzresearchevent.Successesandsetbackswillbediscussed,withdataandresourcesforplanningresearchprojectsandoutreacheventswithvolunteers.

Lindsay Hollister has served as Volunteer Coordinator and Naturalist for the Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary since 2004. In 2009 she went through the first class of the Anne Arundel County Watershed Stewards Academy. She leads outdoor education programs and coordinates education, ecological research, and stewardship projects on the Patuxent River as a county government employee and a community Master Watershed Steward.

Contributed Papers - Nutrients

[77] Major Sources and Transport Pathways for Nitrogen and Phosphorus to Chesapeake Bay and its Tributaries

ScottW.AtorU.S.GeologicalSurvey5522ResearchParkDriveBaltimore,Maryland,21228443-498-5564swator@usgs.gov

Co-Authors:JohnW.BrakebillandJoelD.Blomquist

EfficientnutrientmanagementinsupportofChesapeakeBayrestorationrequiresaregionally-consistentandcomprehensiveunderstandingofnitrogenandphosphorussources,fate,andtransportintheBaywatershedthatisavailableonlythroughnumericalmodels.TheU.S.GeologicalSurvey(USGS)supportsChesapeakeBayrestorationthroughresearchandmodelingoftheuplandsourcesofnutrientsandthefactorsthataffectnutrienttransportfromthewatershedtotheBay.Aspartofthiseffort,spatially-referencedregressiononwatershedattributes(SPARROW)modelswerecalibratedtoestimatesoflong-termmeanannualtotalnitrogen(TN)andtotalphosphorus(TP)loadsinselectedChesapeaketributaries.Themodelsprovideempiricalestimatesofsources,fate,andtransportofTNandTPinthewatershedandofthemeanannualTNandTPloadstothebayandineachof80,579tributary-streamandshorelinereaches.ChesapeakeBayreceivesanestimated1.32x108kilograms(132,000metrictons)ofnitrogenand9.74x106kilograms(9,740metrictons)ofphosphorus,annually,fromitswatershed,largelythroughitstwolargesttributaries,theSusquehannaandPotomacRivers.Sourcesofnutrientstobaytributariesincludefertilizerandmanureapplicationsinagriculturalareas,urbanactivities,pointsources,atmosphericdepositionanddirectfixationbycrops(fornitrogen),andmineralsources(forphosphorus).Agriculture(primarilyfertilizerapplicationsandcropfixation)contributesmorethanhalfofthenitrogenfromthewatershedtothebay;phosphoruscontributionsaremoreevenlydistributedamongagricultural(fertilizerandmanureapplications)andurban(includingpoint)sources.Naturalmineraldissolutioninsiliciclasticorcrystallinerockscontributesapproximately15percentofthephosphorusloadsfromthewatershedtoChesapeakeBay.Groundwaterisanimportantpathwayfornitrogentransport(asnitrate),andTNloadsaregreatestinareaswithgreatergroundwaterflowandinareasofthePiedmontunderlainbycarbonaterocks.TNloadsaregenerallylowerinareaswithgreatervegetativegrowth(likelyindicativeofplantuptake)andsoilavailablewatercapacity(likelyindicativeofreducingconditions).Phosphorustransporttostreams,conversely,isgreatestinareasmostlikelytogenerateoverlandrunoffandrelatederosion,andintheCoastalPlain,possiblyduetosaturationofsoilswithhistoricalagriculturalphosphorusapplications.Bothnitrogenandphosphorusarelostwithinwatershedimpoundments(lakes,ponds,orreservoirs),andnitrogenisalsolostsignificantlyalongselectedflowingreaches.ThecomprehensiveaccountingofnutrientsourcesandtheempiricalestimatesofTNandTPloadsspecifictoeachtributaryprovidedbythemodelscanbeusedtotargetlimitedresourcesinsupportoflocalandregionalsurface-waterrestoration.

Scott Ator is a hydrologist with the U.S. Geological Survey, located in Baltimore. His major research interests include the occurrence, distribution, sources, fate, and transport of contaminants (primarily nutrients and pesticides) in groundwater and nontidal streams, and improvements in methods to evaluate spatial and temporal trends in water quality at large regional scales. He holds a BS degree in Geology from the University of Maryland and a MS degree in Environmental Science and Policy from Johns Hopkins University.

[78] Nodal Point Pollution: Changing the Paradigm for Chesapeake Bay Restoration

Dr.AndrewMullerDepartmentofOceanographyUnitedStatesNavalAcademyChauvenetHallStop9D572CHollowayRdAnnapolis,MD21402410-293-6569or443-534-3037amuller@usna.edu

Co-Authors:DianaMuller(SouthRiverFederation)TheSouthRiverisanestuarinetributaryoftheChesapeakeBayonthewesternshoreinAnneArundelCounty,MarylandintheUnitedStates.TheSouthRiverwatershedcoversapproximately66squaremiles,includingapproximately500milesofnon-tidalstreams,and15squaremilesofopenwaterwithapproximately66,00residentslivinginthewatershed.RecentintensivedatacollectedbytheSouthRiverFederation’sSouthRiverkeeperfromtheSouthRiverindicatethatthetidaltributariesaretherootcauseofhypoxiaandanoxiainthemainstemoftheSouthRiver.Thesetributariesactasconfluencesofstormwaterfromthe

non-tidalstreamswhichcreatenodalpointsofnutrients,sediments,andorganicmatterloading.Therefore,theycanandshouldbetreatedaspointsourcesofpollution.Identifyingthenodalpointsallowsprioritizationforrestoration,reducingpollutantloadingandeventuallyreducingthehypoxiaandanoxiceventsinthemainstemoftheSouthRiver.ThismodelsuggeststhatworkinglocallytofixthesetargetedareasratherthanthetraditionalregionalapproachmaybemoreeffectiveinrestoringtheChesapeakeBayanditstidaltributaries.

Andrew Muller received his undergraduate degree in Geology then went on the receive a Master’s and Ph.D. in Oceanography from Old Dominion University. His studies include sediment transport, hydrology, estuarine physical and chemical dynamics, modeling and wavelet modeling.

[79] Coastal Bays Non-tidal Nutrient Indicators & Thresholds for Use in an Annual Report Card

CarolCainMarylandCoastalBaysProgram9919StephenDecaturHighwaySuite4OceanCity,MD21842410-213-2297technical@mdcoastalbays.org

Co-Authors:CarolMcCollough(MarylandDNR),RomanJesian(MarylandCoastalBaysProgram)andCathyWazniak(MarylandDNR)

Anannual‘stateoftheCoastalBays’reportcardhasbeenproducedsince2008bytheMarylandCoastalBaysPrograminpartnershipwithMD-DNRandotherorganizations,similartotheChesapeakeBayreportcard.AstandardsetofindicatorsisusedtoprovideanannualsnapshotofthehealthoftheBaysfocusingonwaterquality,plusseverallivingresourcesindicatorsofimportanceintheCoastalBays.Multiplethresholdsforeachindicatorareusedtoprovideagoalattainmentcontinuumandameanstoconstructagradingscheme.During2010,werecognizedthatthatnon-tidaldatawereinappropriatelycombinedwithtidaldatatodetermineattainmentofwaterqualitygoals,andthatseparatenon-tidalindicatorsandthresholdsshouldbeidentified.Becauseseveralpartnerscollectwaterqualitydatathatiscontributedtothereportcard,theseindicatorsmustbecommontoall.Totalnitrogenandtotalphosphoruswerechosen,andvariousmethodstoidentifymultiplethresholdvaluesfordetermininggoalattainmenthavebeenexplored.Herewepresenttheresultsofthesetrialsandrequestfeedbackfromthestreamscommunity.

Carol Cain is a biologist with the Maryland Coastal Bays Program and Carol McCollough is biologist with MD-DNR.

[80] Combination of a Stressor-Response Model with a Conditional Probability Analysis Approach for Developing Candidate Criteria from MBSS Data

JohnF.PaulU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyB343-06ResearchTrianglePark,NC27711(919)541-3160paul.john@epa.gov

Ishowthataconditionalprobabilityanalysisusingastressor-responsemodelbasedonalogisticregressionprovidesausefulapproachfordevelopingcandidatewaterqualitycriteriafromempiricaldata,suchastheMarylandBiologicalStreamsSurvey(MBSS)data.Thecriticalstepinthisapproachistransformingtheresponsedataintoabinaryvariableusingathresholdthatisadesirablemanagementgoalfortheintendedwaterbodies.Alogisticregressionanalysisonthestressorandbinaryresponsedataisconductedandtheresultcanbeviewedastransferringuncertaintyinempiricaldatatoanestimateoftheprobabilityofmissingthemanagementgoal.Resultsfromanalyseswithmultipledatasets,includingMBSS,demonstratetherobustnessofthisapproach.Thisapproachisalsoabletoincorporatemultiplestressorsintotheanalysis,allowingexaminationoftheinteractionamongstressorsthatcanbeobservedfromthedata.Theissueofnutrient(NandP)co-limitationinMarylandstreamswillbeusedtodemonstratethiscapability.

John F. Paul is a Research Environmental Scientist at the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Dr. Paul was involved in the development and implementation of USEPA’s Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP). He received the EPA’s highest awards (gold medal for exceptional service and silver medal for superior service) for his work in EMAP. He has been involved in writing the Framework for Developing Suspended and Bedded Sediments Water Quality Criteria and Using Stressor-response Relationships to Derive Numeric Nutrient Criteria. His current research interests include the interactions between human and ecological systems. Dr. Paul received a Ph.D. in Engineering from Case Western Reserve University.

Marcellus Shale II - Assessing our Waters

[81] Water Quality Monitoring in Pennsylvania’s Marcellus Shale Field—Trying to Stay “Ahead of the Curve”

TonyShawDivisionofWaterQualityStandardsWaterStandards&FacilityRegulationPennsylvaniaDepartmentofEnvironmentalProtectionRachelCarsonStateOfficeBuilding400MarketSt.Harrisburg,Pa17105717.787.5017tshaw@state.pa.us

Pennsylvania’sDepartmentofEnvironmentalProtection’s(PADEP)waterquality(WQ)monitoringprogramhasstrong,long-termelementsinplacethatassessandmonitorthesurfacewaterqualityofPennsylvaniarivers,streams,andlakes.Formanyyears,thesemonitoringprogramswere‘static’,inthatmostofthemhadwellestablished,consistent,androutinesamplingschedulesthattargetedpointsource(PS)dischargesandimpactsassociatedwithurbanizedareas.However,emergingenvironmentalmonitoringissueshaveincreasedinrecentyears,andasaresult,PADEP’sWQmonitoringeffortshaveevolvedtorespondandadapttospecificemergingissues,suchasMarcellusdeepshalegasexploration.PADEP’smonitoringresponsetoMarcellusexplorationandextractionrangesfromtweakingexisting,traditionallong-termwaterqualitymonitoringdesignstoimplementingnew‘mobile’monitoringdesignsincorporatingdata-loggertechnologyandexpandedanalyticaltesting.

Tony Shaw has been a field biologist with Pennsylvania’s Department of Environmental Protection for over 25 years and currently is a Biologist Supervisor in that agency’s Water Quality Monitoring Section. He has training and experience in benthic macroinvertebrate biology and has conducted many aquatic life use surveys and biological stream assessments for Pennsylvania’s water quality monitoring and Antidegradation Programs. He is directly involved in the development and implementation of PA’s Water Quality Monitoring programs and protocols. [82] Maryland Assesses Baseline Water Quality Conditions in Streams near Potential Marcellus Shale Drilling Locations

TonyProchaskaMarylandDNRMonitoringandNon-TidalAssessmentDivision580TaylorAvenueAnnapolis,MD21401(410)260-8616tprochaska@dnr.state.md.us

Co-author–MichaelKashiwagiandCathyWazniak(MarylandDNR)

InJune2011,MarylandDepartmentofNaturalResources(MDNR)MonitoringandNon-TidalAssessment,TidewaterEcosystemAssessmentandFisheriesServicestaffbegancollaboratingtocollectbaselinedata(presenceofPrymnesiumparvum(agoldenalgae)andcontinuousconductivityvalues)from11westernMarylandstreamsinthePotomacandYoughioghenyRiverbasinsnearpotentialMarcellusShalegaswellsites.Watersampleswerecollectedandfiltered.ThefilterswereshippedtoalaboratoryspecializinginDNAfingerprintingofPrymnesiumparvumtodeterminepresence/absence.Goldenalgaearebelievedtoproduceanumberoftoxins,collectivelyknownasprymnesins,whichincludeanichthyotoxin,acytotoxinandahemolysin.MDNRalsodeployedOnsetHOBOconductivityloggers(modelU24-001)inall11streams.Conductivityvaluesarecurrentlybeingmeasuredonanhourlybasisandwillberecordedforatleast12months.Conductivityisausefulsurrogatewaterqualityparameterfordetectingdischargesofsaltsandsomechemicalby-productsthatmaybeintroducedintosurfacewatersduringgaswelldrillingactivities,runofforthroughwastewaterdischarges.ThiseffortwilldefinebaselineconditionsandvariabilityinstreamconductivitypriortoanygaswelldrillingactivitiesinGarrettCounty.In2012,MDNRwillalsosamplethese11streamsduringspringandsummerusingMarylandBiologicalStreamSurveymethodstodescribethebiota,physicalhabitat,otherwaterchemistryparameters,riparianzone,andcatchmentlanduse.

Tony Prochaska is a biologist with the Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Monitoring and Non-tidal Assessment Division.

[83] Marcellus Monitoring

JulieVastineTheAllianceforAquaticResourceMonitoring(ALLARM)DickinsonCollege-EnvironmentalStudiesDept.717.245.1135vastine@dickinson.edu

ConcernedresidentsandlandownerslivingwithintheMarcellusshaleplayareaskinghowtheycanbestdetermineifstreamsarebeingaffectedbydrillingactivities.Formany,thegoalsareearlydetectionandpreventionofseriousenvironmentalimpact.Communitygroupsinvolvedinvolunteermonitoringandregionalandstate-wideserviceprovidershaverespondedtothisneedbycollaborativelydevelopingprotocolsanddatabasemanagementstrategiestoachievethesegoals.In2010theAllianceforAquaticResourceMonitoringspentsevenmonthsresearchingandtestingavolunteer-basedMarcellusMonitoringprotocolfortheearlydetectionofflowbackcontaminationinsmallPennsylvaniastreams.ThepresentationwillcoverthestepsinandthesciencebehindtheprotocolaswellasinformationonMarcellusMonitoringresourcesthroughoutthestate.

Julie Vastine is the director of the Alliance for Aquatic Resource Monitoring (ALLARM) at Dickinson College. She is responsible for leadership of the ALLARM program, as well as providing monitoring technical assistance to watershed organizations. Julie has worked with volunteer monitors for nine years.

[84] Monongahela River QUEST: A Collaborative Approach to Monitoring Water Quality in the Mon River Basin

MelissaO’Neal

NOABSTRACTSUBMITTED

[85] Susquehanna River Basin Commission Marcellus Monitoring

MatthewShankAquaticBiologistSusquehannaRiverBasinCommission1721NorthFrontSt.Harrisburg,PA17102717-238-0423X113mshank@srbc.net

TheSusquehannaRiverBasinCommission(Commission)isafederal-interstatecommissiontaskedwithcoordinatingwaterresourceseffortswithintheSusquehannawatershed,whichmakesuppartofNewYork,Pennsylvania,andMaryland.ThenaturalgasindustryhasrecentlybegunextractingnaturalgasfromtheMarcellusshalelayerthatunderlies72%ofthewatershed.Thegasindustryrequiresquantitiesofwaterusedinanextractiontechniquecalledhydraulicfracturing.WaterwithdrawalsfromtheSusquehannawatershedareregulatedbytheCommission,andtheimpactsofwithdrawalsofsurfacewatersarebeinginvestigatedbytargetedmonitoring.AdditionalmonitoringthattargetspotentialimpactsoftheindustryisinvestigatingchemicalparametersonstreamslocatedwithintheMarcellusarea.Anetworkofmulti-parameterwaterqualitysondesaremaintainedbytheCommission.Thereal-timedatagatheredfromthesesondescanbeusedasanearlydetectiontechniqueorawaytocomparechangesinwaterqualityoverperiodsoftime.

Matt Shank is an aquatic biologist that has been with the Commission since 2008. Matt manages the Aquatic Resource Survey project, which will be discussed in detail today.

Contributed Papers - Urban Streams II

[86] Assessing the Ecological and Human Health Status of Baltimore’s Inner Harbor

CarolineWicksEcoCheck(NOAA-UMCESPartnership)CooperativeOxfordLaboratory904SMorrisSt.Oxford,MD21654410-226-5193Caroline.wicks@noaa.gov

Co-Authors:HeathKelsey(EcoCheckNOAA-UMCESPartnership),LaurieSchwartz(WaterfrontPartnershipofBaltimore,Inc.),BillStack(CenterforWatershedProtection)andWilliamDennison(UniversityofMarylandCenterforEnvironmentalScience)

Baltimore’sInnerHarboranditswatershedisahighlyurbanizedareainthemid-AtlanticregionoftheUnitedStates.ThecityofBaltimorewasfoundedinthe1700s,withthepopulationspreadingoutintoadjacentlandsoverthelastthreecenturiesandcontinuingtoexpandintosuburbanandexurbanareastoday.TheGwynnsFallsdrainstotheMiddleBranchandtheJonesFallsdrainstotheInnerHarbor.Bothstreamsoriginateintheoutersuburbsandintheurbanpartsofthesewatersheds,themajorityofthestreamshavebeenchannelizedorenclosedinstormdrains.ThisstudyassessedwaterqualityandbioticparametersasecologicalhealthindicatorsofBaltimore’sInnerHarboranditswatershed.Bacteriaandtrashwereassessedashumanhealthindicators.Assessmentofeachindicatorisbasedonmethodologiesvalidatedthroughpeer-reviewedscientificarticlesandyears-longdevelopmentofindicatorsforassessingthehealthofChesapeakeBayviatheChesapeakeBayProgram.Eachindicatoriscomparedagainstathresholdvalueandscoredona0-100%scale,whichisagradientfromVeryPoortoGoodhealth.ThestudyfoundmostwaterqualityindicatorstobeeitherpoororverypoorintheInnerHarbor.Additionally,thebacteriaandtrashlevelsintheInnerHarborwereratedaspoor.ThewatershedhealthwasbetterthantheInnerHarborreceivingwaters,withwaterqualityindicatorsandbacteriascoringfromgoodtopoor.LackofspatialandtemporalcoverageofbasicwaterqualitydataintheInnerHarborwasamajorhindrancetoaccuratelyassessingitsecologicalhealth.Futureplanstoremedytheseproblems,suchasexpansionofcitizensciencemonitoring,willbediscussed.

Caroline received her Master of Science degree from the University of Maryland in 2005 and started working for EcoCheck (a NOAA UMCES Partnership) in early 2006. Her work focuses on health assessments of Chesapeake Bay, ecological forecasting, and science communication. One of her bigger projects was helping to write and edit a book titled ‘Integrating and applying science: A practical handbook for effective coastal ecosystem assessment.’

[87] An Approach for Monitoring Biological Response to an Urban Stream Restoration Including an Evaluation of the Relationship between Geomorphology and Biological Communities

SeanSippleandKateEstlerCoastalResources,Inc.25OldSolomonsIslandRoadAnnapolis,MD21401443-837-2127seans@coastal-resources.netandkater@coastal-resources.net,

Co-Authors:MeganRoberts-Satinsky

TomitigateforstreamimpactsresultingfromtheconstructionoftheIntercountyConnector(ICC),theMarylandStateHighwayAdministration(SHA)iscurrentlyrestoringa19,000linearfootsectionoftheNorthwestBranchoftheAnacostiaRiver.Therestorationstrategyfocusedonusinglargewoodydebrisstructurestoincreaseroughnesstoinduceaggradationandincreaseflooding;increasezonesofflowseparation;increaserifflelengthsandincreasedepthandfrequencyofpools;andtoimprovehabitatdiversitythroughadditionofwoodydebrisinlowflowareas.Aprimarygoaloftheprojectwastoprovideecologicaluplifttostreamandfloodplainbioticcommunities.AsthisprojectprovidedmostofthestreammitigationfortheICCproject,SHAhasexpendedtremendousresourcestoevaluatethesuccessofthisprojectanditsgoalofprovidingecologicaluplift.Theeffectofstreamrestorationprojectsonbioticcommunitiesisnotclearlyunderstood.Manymonitoringprogramsusemultimetricindexscoresandhavealimitednumberofsamplesiteswithinarestorationareaandpredictably,showlittleornochangeinthebiologicalcommunitiesduetothelimitationsofthemonitoringapproach.Theprojectteamfeltthatmoresubtleorunexpectedshiftsorchangesinthebioticcommunitiesmaynotbedetectedbythesebroadassessmenttools,especiallyinurbanstreamsystemswithdegradedwaterquality.Inordertoaddressthelimitationsofthetraditionalmonitoringapproach,

theNorthwestBranchmonitoringplanusesadata-driven,iterativeprocess.Toaddresstheneedforgreatermonitoringsensitivity,weusedamodifiedMBSSmethodforcollectingbenthicmacroinvertebratesamplesthatsegregatedrifflesamplesfromrootwads/woodydebrishabitatsamplesandmodifiedlabmethodsthatincludedafullsampleratherthanthestandard100-organismsubsample.Inaddition,weusedarelativelylargenumberofbioticsamplesandaverylarge(93)suiteofmetricstoevaluatethebioticcommunities,aswellasindicesofbioticintegrity.Inadditiontothecommunitymetrics,weconductedmultivariateanalysesofthepre-constructionbiologicalcommunitiesusingclusteranalysistogroupsitesbasedonnaturalheterogeneityandordinationtechniquesinordertodetermineexistingcorrelationsbetweenbiotaandgeomorphicconditionswithineachsite.Thesemethodswillbeusedduringpost-constructionmonitoringandweanticipate,basedonthegreaterresolutionofbiologicalsamplingandthewiderangeofanalysistechniques,tobebetterabletoidentifyanybiologicalresponsestothisrestorationproject.Thispresentationwilldescribethismulti-facetedapproachtostreamrestorationmonitoringandpresentthepreliminaryresultsofthepre-constructionbiologicalassessmentsincludinglinkagestogeomorphicvariables.

[88] Mitigating the Effects of Urbanization on a Naturalized Population of Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) in a Tributary of the Anacostia River in the Washington, D.C. Metropolitan Area

M.A.KeilerBiologistU.S.Fish&WildlifeServiceChesapeakeBayFieldOffice177AdmiralCochraneDriveAnnapolis,MD21401Mitch_Keiler@fws.gov

Co-Authors:C.R.Gougeon(MarylandDNR)andS.B.Frey(U.S.Fish&WildlifeService)

ThePaintBranchstream,atributaryoftheAnacostiaRiverinWashington,D.C.,supportsbrowntrout(Salmotrutta)thatwereintroducedtothestreamin1929.Therehasbeennorestockingofbrowntroutinthissystem,since1938,whenitbecameaself-sustainingpopulation.Duringthelast50years,developmentpressureshaveincreasedtheamountofimperviouscoverinthePaintBranchwatershedabovethresholdsnormallyassociatedwithsustainabletroutfisheries.Asimperviouscoverhasincreased,thebrowntroutpopulationhassteadilydeclined.Additionally,Maryland’slargesthighwayconstructionprojectwillbecrossingoverGoodHopeTributary,whichisthemostproductivespawninghabitatareaforbrowntroutinthePaintBranchwatershed.Therehasbeenconsiderableeffortexpendedbylocalgovernment,non-profits,andstateresourceagenciestoprotectthePaintBranchwatershedthroughzoningrestrictions,landpreservation,andstormwaterretrofits.AspartofthecompensatorymitigationandenvironmentalstewardshipprojectsrequiredforimpactsassociatedwiththeMarylandStateHighwayAdministration’s,IntercountyConnector(ICC)project,numerousurbanBestManagementPractices(BMPs),stormwatermanagement,andstreamrestorationprojectsarebeingimplemented.TheServiceanalyzedtheGoodHopeTributary,theproposedBMPs,andimpervioussurfaces,foreffectivenessinpreservingorenhancingtheconditionstosustainthebrowntroutpopulations.TheBMPsarebrokenintothreecategories:urbanwaterquality,stormwatermanagement,andstreamchannelrestoration.Thisstudybenefitsfromlongterm,pre-disturbancedatarelatedtostreammorphology,waterquality,andbenthiccommunitiesgatheredbytheICCstudyteam.Thestudylookedspecificallyatspawninghabitatforbrowntroutinthissystem.Analysisshowsthat,whilewaterqualityparametersmaybeimproved,thelongtermadjustmentstothestream’smorphologyandsedimenttransportaredeminimus.TheserelationshipshaveanimmediateeffectuponthefutureofconsistentandsuccessfulbrowntroutspawninginthePaintBranchwatershed.

Mitch Keiler is a graduate of Ohio University, Athens, Ohio with a double major in Environmental Geography / minor in surface geology 84’ and Cartography 86’. He is currently enrolled in the Graduate program at the University of Maryland. Mitch worked for the Maryland Department of Natural Resources for 13 years in various capacities with the Nontidal Wetlands Program, the Coastal Program and as a restoration project manager with the Ecosystem Restoration Program. In 2006 he received the National Conservation award from the Federation of Fly Fisherman in Bozeman, Montana for his stream restoration work on Carroll Creek (a Use III stream) in Frederick, Maryland. Currently he is an employee of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service were he serves as the Transportation Liaison to the Maryland State Highway Administration. With 27 years of resource management experience, Mitch has specialized in stream and wetland restoration, construction management, monitoring and assessment.

[89] An Altered State: Mitigating the Effects of Urbanization on Aquatic Ecosystems

MitchKeilerBiologistU.S.FishandWildlifeServiceChesapeakeBayFieldOfficeConservationPlanningAssistance117AdmiralCochraneDriveAnnapolis,Maryland21401(410)573-4554phone

(443)496-0299cellMitch_Keiler@fws.gov

UrbanizationinMarylandhasalteredthestabilityofstreamsandaffectedaquaticresources.Theprimaryculprithasbeenimpervioussurfacewithoutadequatestormwatercontrol.TheServicehastakenanactiveapproachinrecommendingcorrectiveactionsintwowatersheds:DorseyRunatributarytotheLittlePatuxentandGoodHopeTributaryintheUpperPaintBranch.ThesetwowatershedsinMaryland’sPiedmontPlateauProvincepresentandexcellentopportunitytoexamineresourcemanagementdecisionsappliedatalandscapelevel.TheDorseyRunwatershedapproaches40%imperviouscoverwithpoorIBI-BandFscores.GoodHopeTributaryispartofMontgomeryCounty’sSpecialProtectionAreazoningoverlaywhichhascappedimperiouscoverat10%andcurrentlyhasthecapacitytosupportbrowntrout(Salmo trutta).Theimplicationsoflanduseplanningandhowitrelatestoresourcemanagementdecisionsareexaminedinthesetwocasestudies.TheServicewillprovideforworkshopattendeesacopyoftheMontgomeryCounty–SpecialProtectionAreaordinancewithdiscussiononhowthiscanbemodifiedforothercoldwaterwatersheds.Wewillalsoprovideaworksheetthatcanserveasguidanceonhowtocalculatemeasureablereductionsinpeakdischargeforsubcatchmentsinurbanizedwatersheds.

Mitch Keiler is a graduate of Ohio University, Athens, Ohio with a double major in Environmental Geography / minor in surface geology 84’ and Cartography 86’. He is currently enrolled in the Graduate program at the University of Maryland. Mitch worked for the Maryland Department of Natural Resources for 13 years in various capacities with the Nontidal Wetlands Program, the Coastal Program and as a restoration project manager with the Ecosystem Restoration Program. In 2006 he received the National Conservation award from the Federation of Fly Fisherman in Bozeman, Montana for his stream restoration work on Carroll Creek (a Use III stream) in Frederick, Maryland. Currently he is an employee of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service were he serves as the Transportation Liaison to the Maryland State Highway Administration. With 27 years of resource management experience, Mitch has specialized in stream and wetland restoration, construction management, monitoring and assessment.

[90] Comparing the Fish and Benthic Macroinvertebrate Diversity of Restored Urban Streams to Reference Streams

ScottStrankoMarylandDNR580TaylorAvenue,C-2Annapolis,Maryland21401sstranko@dnr.state.md.us

Co-Authors:RobertHilderbrand(UniversityofMaryland,AppalachianLaboratory),MargaretPalmer(UniversityofMaryland,ChesapeakeBiologicalLaboratory)Substantiallossestostreambiologicaldiversityhavebeendocumentedthroughoutthemid-AtlanticregionoftheUnitedStatesduetourban-relatedimpacts.Streamrestorationhasbeenusedtoimprovestreamconditionsand,inpart,toamelioratetheselosses.However,itisnotyetclearifbiologicaldiversityisrecoveringinstreamswithinthisregionasaresultofrestorationactivities.Ourobjectivewastocriticallyexaminetheefficacyofurbanstreamrestorationswithregardtobiologicaldiversity.Todothis,wecomparedrestoredurbanstreamsitestourbannon-restored,non-urban(streamswithoutsubstantialurbanization,butwithevidenceofothersourcesofdegradationsuchasagricultural,waterquality,orphysicalhabitatimpacts),andreference(minimallydegradedbyanypotentialperturbation)streamsitesusingfivemeasuresoffishandfivemeasuresofbenthicmacroinvertebratediversity.Usingbothmultivariateandunivariatestatisticalanalyses,weshowthatbiologicaldiversityofrestoredurbanstreamswasnotdifferentfromnon-restoredurbanstreamsandwaslowerthannon-urbanandreferencestreams.Overtime,restoredurbansitesalsoshowednoapparentincreaseinbiologicaldiversity,whileitdecreasedattwoofthereferencestreamscoincidentwithanincreaseinurbandevelopmentwithinthesitecatchments.Theresultsofthisstudyindicatethattherestorationapproachesusedintheurbanstreamswestudied,whicharecommonlydeployedinthemid-Atlantic,arenotleadingtorecoveryofnativestreambiodiversity.Thisalongwithrecentfindingsfromotherstudiesindicatesaneedfordramaticchangesinrestorationapproach,andweargueforalarge-scale,watershedfocusthatincludesprotectionoftheleastimpactedstreamsandtheimplementationofotherland-basedactionssuchasincreasedstormwatermanagement,riparianreplanting,andreforestationwithinthewatershedwherepossible.

Scott has worked on the MBSS since 1994. He has worked on nearly every aspect of the MBSS from data collection and management to quality control and report writing. He has an intense desire to realize stream biodiversity protection in Maryland.

Contributed Papers - Contaminants and Human Health

[91] Clean Water, Healthy Families Campaign

TerryCummingsChesapeakeBayFoundation410.268.8816tcummings@cbf.org

Co-Authors:BrentBolin(AnacostiaWatershedSociety)

Toaddressthecontinuingwaterpollutionissuesfromstormwaterrunoff,sprawlandsewagetreatmentplants,Maryland’senvironmentalcommunityislaunchinganambitiouscampaigntoputMaryland’swaterwaysandtheChesapeakeBayitselfontoapathofsteadyimprovementsinwaterqualityandthehealthandqualityoflifeofourcommunities.FocusedonthreelegislativeinitiativestobeundertakenduringtheSpecialLegislativeSessionduringFall2011andtheregularGeneralAssemblySessionof2012,successfuloutcomeswouldensurenewpolicies,regulations,andrevenuesforimplementingcriticalpollutionreductionswellintothefutureanddramaticallyimprovewaterqualityforyearstocome.InMaryland,environmentalgroupshaveidentifiedfourspecificgoalsthattheywillcollectivelypursueduringthespecialandregularGeneralAssemblysessionsoccurringinthefall2011andspring2012.Bytheendofthe2012GeneralAssemblySession,Marylandwill:

• Providesufficientfundingtoensuremajorwastewatertreatmentplantsareupgradedonschedule;• Ensureongoingdedicatedfundingsourceforlocalgovernmentstoaddressstormwatertreatmentneedsandothercleanwater initiatives;• Protectwaterqualitybyreducingsprawlingdevelopment;and• RequireatreatmentstandardforallwastewatertreatmentsystemstomeetMaryland’swaterqualitygoals(includingtheWIPand TMDL).

ThesecommunitygoalshaveformedthefoundationfortheCLEANWATER-HEALTHYFAMILIESCampaign,andplanningeffortshavealreadycommencedtoputaplanintoactionthatwill:

• Articulatespecificpolicyvehiclesforachievingeachstatedgoal;• Developafocusedgrassrootsplanthatraisescitizenawareness,conveystheurgencyoftheneededactions,andgivesindividuals andorganizationsthetoolstolobbytheirelectedofficials;• EducateelectedofficialsonthecircumstancessurroundingtheTMDLandtheneedforstatewide“reasonableassurances”toavoid consequences;• Placepressureonelectedofficials(GovernorandGeneralAssemblymembers)toprioritizeadoptionofspecifiedpolicyvehicles; • Engage“nontraditional”partnerstoexpandtheperceptionthatonlyenvironmentaladvocatesfightforcleanwaterduringthe Assemblysessions.

Campaigncoordinatorswouldliketopresentapostersessionatthe2011StreamSymposiuminAugusttoincludeashortlectureonthecampaign,hand-outsandapetitionparticipantscouldsignshouldtheydesiretosupportthecampaign.Thedisplaywillconsistofoneposterandthehand-outs.Itwillbeset-uponWednesdayandtakendownFriday.AspeakerwillbeavailableonThursdaymorningtodiscussthecampaign.

[92] Illicit Discharges – Hidden Polluters in Maryland Waters

LoriLillyCenterforWatershedProtection8390MainStreet,SecondFloorEllicottCity,MD21043410-461-8323lal@cwp.org

Co-Authors:GregHoffmann(CenterforWatershedProtection)

TheCenterforWatershedProtection(CWP)collaboratedwithMontgomeryCounty,theCityofSalisburyandCityofCambridgetotrainstaffandvolunteersonthemethodsofillicitdischargedetection&eliminationandwaystobuildaneffectivelocalgovernmentprogram.Fieldassessmentswereconductedthatdocumentedillicitdischargefrequencyanddryweatherpollutantloadingfornutrientsandbacteria.ResultsfromthefieldassessmentsindicatethatillicitdischargesareasignificantyetunaccountedforsourceofpollutiontotheChesapeakeBay.InSligoCreek,over95%ofE.colifromoutfallscamefromthosethatweresuspectforillicitdischargesbasedonwaterqualityscreening.Inaddition,nearly100%ofthetotaldryweathernitrogenloadandtotaldryweatherphosphorusloadinthewatershedcame

fromoutfallssuspectofillicitdischarges.Dataandexperienceindicatethatillicitdischargedetection&eliminationisanunder-utilizedtoolintheBestManagementPracticeToolbox.Likewise,themethodspromotedbyCWPcanbeeasilyintegratedintovolunteer-basedwaterqualitymonitoringprogramstherebyincreasingthebreadthandscopeoflocalgovernments’efforts.

Lori is a Watershed Planner and Ecologist at the Center. Her responsibilities include watershed planning and implementation, GIS mapping and analysis, field assessments, and capacity building for local watershed organizations. Prior to joining the Center, Lori served as Director for a watershed association in northwest Oregon where, in addition to organization development and volunteer coordination, she managed multiple salmon habitat restoration projects. Lori has a B.S. in Natural Resource Management from Rutgers University and a Master’s degree in Marine, Estuarine and Environmental Science from the University of Maryland Eastern Shore.

[93] Contaminants of Emerging Concern: Chemical and Biological Effects Monitoring

VickiBlazerNationalFishHealthResearchLaboratoryU.S.GeologicalSurvey11649LeetownRoadKearneysville,WV254303047244434vblazer@usgs.gov

Co-Authors:LukeIwanowicz(U.S.GeologicalSurvey),DanaKolpin(U.S.GeologicalSurvey)andDavidAlvarez(U.S.GeologicalSurvey)

Contaminantsofemergingconcernincludeawidevarietyofchemicals,includingpharmaceuticals,naturalandsynthetichumanandanimalhormones,current-usepesticidesandsubstancesinpersonalcareproductsandplastics.Mostofthesechemicalsarenotroutinelymonitoredintheaquaticenvironment,butthereisincreasingevidenceforbiologicaleffectsinawiderangeofspecies.Manyofthesubstancesareendocrine-modulatingchemicalsandsocanhavesignificanteffectsatverylowconcentrations.Inaddition,wehavesparseinformationonthecomplexmixtureswildpopulationsareexposedtoandpotentialadditiveorsynergisticinteractions.Variousmethodsareusedforchemicalanalysesofwatersamplesincludinggrabwatersamplesandtime-integratedsamplers.Theadvantages,disadvantagesandcaveatsofvariousmethodswillbediscussed.Duetotherecognizedlimitationsofmonitoringwaterconcentrations,theimportanceofbiologicaleffectsmonitoringofwildpopulationsisincreasinglyrecognized.Hence,observationssuchasintersex(testicularoocytes),plasmavitellogenininmalefishes,reducedvitellogeninconcentrationsinfemalefishes,abnormalthyroidorreproductivehormoneplasmaconcentrations,neoplasticlesions,increasedparasiteloads,increasedsusceptibilitytoinfectiousagents(immunosuppression)andotherbiomarkersareimportantendpoints.FindingsinthePotomacandSusquehannadrainagesindicateassociationsofcertainbiologicalendpointswithpointsourcessuchaswastewatereffluentaswellasnonpointagriculturallanduse.Inaddition,speciesdifferencesinsensitivityandexpressionofthevariousendpointswerenotedandareimportanttounderstand.

Vicki Blazer is a research fishery biologist/pathologist with the National Fish Health Research Laboratory, U.S. Geological Survey, Kearneysville, WV. In recent years her research emphasis has been in fish health assessments of wild populations, development of techniques/methods for assessing overall health of populations and evaluating the interactive effects of contaminants and infectious disease and parasites. She is involved in studies in the Chesapeake and Great Lakes watersheds and at National Wildlife refuges throughout the Northeast.

[94] The Use of Scent Trained Canines for Illicit Discharge Detection in Storm Water

ScottReynoldsEnvironmentalCanineServicesLLC7593CarlisleHighwayVermontville,MI49096517.726.0853s.reynolds@ecsk9s.com

Theuseofscenttrainedcaninesasarapidscreeningmethodforthedetectionofhumansewageand/ordetergentsinstormwaterdrainsisanaccurateandcosteffectivepractice.Thecaninehandlersreceivedinstantfeedbackregardingthepresenceorabsenceoftargetscentsinstormdrainstructuresallowingthemtomakeanimmediateplanforsourcetracking.Theabilitytomakethesequickdecisionsinthefieldreducesandinsomecaseseliminatestheneedfortraditionalwatersampling;reducingwaitingperiodsforlaboratoryresultsaswellasreducingthetimedischargesnegativelyimpactwaterqualityandhumanhealth.ThemethodwasdevelopedbyScottReynoldswithcanineSablein2007.BuildingonthatfoundationMr.ReynoldsandcanineSablealonghiswifeKarenReynoldsandcanineLoganstartedEnvironmentalCanineServicesLLC(ECS)in2009.SincethattimetheECSteamhasaddedoneadditionalhandlerandtwoadditionalcaninestotheteam.ECScontinuestoassistmunicipalitiesandnon-profitwatershedgroupstrackillicitdischargestothesourceandenhancewaterqualityacrossthenation.

Scott Reynolds is the Director of Canine Training for Environmental Canine Services. He has over 15 years of experience in canine scent training having trained and certified canines in multiple scent disciplines. Scott holds a bachelors degree in Environmental Studies from Michigan State University and has worked in the water resources field for 6 years.

Stream and Watershed Education I

[95] Using the Mapping-Our-Streams-with-FieldScope unit to Expand Your Stream Investigations in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed

CassieDotyUniversityofMarylandCenterforEnvironmentalScienceUMCESAppalachianLaboratory301BraddockRoadFrostburg,MD21532301.689.7134cdoty@umces.edu

Co-Authors:CathlynStylinski(UniversityofMarylandCenterforEnvironmentalScience)

Abstract:OurpresentationwilldemonstratehowtheMapping-Our-Streams-With-FieldScopecurricularunitcandramaticallyexpandstreaminvestigations.Theunitexamineshumanimpactsonalocalstreamsiteandpromotesdeeperunderstandingofwatershedsandupstreamlanduseimpacts.Ittargetsmiddleandhighschoolstudentsbutcanbeadaptedforvolunteermonitoringprograms.WewillprovideanoverviewoftheunitandanintroductiontoFieldScope—anonlineuser-friendlymappingprogramdevelopedbyNationalGeographic.Wewillreviewwaystogetstartedincludingattendingaspecialfollow-uponlineworkshopforsymposiumattendees.

Cassie Doty is a faculty research assistant at the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science Appalachian Laboratory in Frostburg, Maryland. She is the education coordinator for several teacher professional development projects and regularly leads workshops on watersheds, local schoolyard investigations and geospatial technology for Chesapeake Watershed teachers, and helps develop related curricular materials. She holds a M.S. in Environmental Biology and B.S. in Biology.

[96] Chesapeake Exploration: Investigate the Bay Watershed in Real-time with NOAA’s Online Curriculum

KevinSchabow,NOAAChesapeakeBayOffice410SevernAveSuite107AAnnapolis,MD21403410-295-3145Kevin.schabow@noaa.govCo-Authors:BartMerrick(NOAAChesapeakeBayOffice) TheNOAAChesapeakeBayOfficehasdevelopedanonlinecurriculum-“ChesapeakeExploration”-thatbringsthescienceoftheBaytolifethroughtheuseofdatafromtheNOAAChesapeakeBayInterpretiveBuoySystem(CBIBS)andotherpartners,includingtheNOAANationalEstuarineResearchReserveSystem(NERRS).Thishighschoolcurriculum,developedinpartnershipwithNationalGeographicandtheChesapeakeBayFoundation,willgiveteachersunprecedentedaccesstolessonsdesignedaroundreal-timedatawhileallowingstudentstoexplore.Teacherswillhavetheabilitytocreateauniqueonlineenvironmentfortheirclassrooms,includinglockingparameterssuchasdate/timesoallstudentsareusingthesamedatasetsandstoringstudentanswersonlineforeasygrading.Presenterswillprovideadetailedoverviewofthecurriculumandtakeparticipantsonalivetourofthesitetodemonstrateitsfunctionandcapabilities.WewillbeusingtheNationalGeographic’sFieldscopeapplicationtoinvestigatethewatershed’slandscapeandvariousenvironmentalmonitoringplatformstolearnabouttherelationshipsbetweentheland,thewaterandtheorganismsthatliveintheBay.

Bart Merrick is the Education Coordinator for the NOAA Environmental Science Training Center (ESTC). The ESTC provides training and in-depth experiences for environmental education professionals to advance their abilities to effectively convey accurate and timely science to teachers and students. Trainings focus on integrating science into field and classroom curriculum, drawing on NOAA and partner expertise and capabilities. Prior to his work with NOAA, Bart was the Education Coordinator for the Chesapeake National Estuarine Research Reserve, and an educator with the Chesapeake Bay Foundation and Living Classrooms Foundation.

Kevin Schabow has been working on the Environmental Literacy team at NOAA’s Chesapeake Bay Office since 2007. He coordinates the Chesapeake Bay-Watershed Education and Training grant program and supports the development other education resources and partnerships. Prior to his work in the Chesapeake region, Kevin was the director of Pathfinder Ranch Outdoor Education School in Mountain Center California.

[97] Students in the Community as Environmental Stewards and Citizen Scientists: CCBC Bay Watershed Educational Training Project.

SonjaSchmitz,Ph.D.CommunityCollegeofBaltimoreCountyBiologyDepartment800SouthRollingRd.Catonsville,MD21228sschmitz@ccbcmd.edu

Co-Authors:ScottJeffrey(CommunityCollegeofBaltimoreCounty)andJeffKlein(FriendsofPatapscoValleyHeritageGreenway)

TheCCBCBayWatershedEducationalTraining(B-WET)isaninterdisciplinaryeducationprogramthatusestheurbanstreamsasalivingclassroomtoexploreenvironmentalissuesfacingtheChesapeakeBaywatershed.OneofthegoalsofthisNOAAfundedgrantistodevelopsustainablerelationshipsbetweenpublicschools,non-profitenvironmentalgroupsandcommunitycollegestocreateacontinuous,seamlesspipelineofteachersandstudentsatthemiddle,highschoolandcollegelevelswhoareabletocollectfielddataandintegrateitwithgeospatialtechnology.TheCCBC-BWETprogramhasreached8schoolsandover600studentswhoparticipatedinmeaningfulwatershededucationalexperiences(MWEEs)overthecourseoftwoyears.Studentscollectedstreammacroinvertebrates,identifiedtheminlabandcalculatedanindexofbiologicalintegrity(IBI)usingmetricsandprotocolsfromMBSSandVirginiaSaveOurStreams.Inordertoexploretherelationshipbetweenriparianbuffersandstreamquality,vegetationdatawerecollectedatpermanenttransectsfromwhichstemdensity,basalarea,canopyclosureandspeciesdiversitywereassessed.ThedataareuploadedtoNationalGeographic’sFieldScopewebsitesothatstudentscaninterprettheimplicationsforthehealthoftheChesapeakeBaywatershed.StudentssharetheirdatawithCountyandStateagencies.

Sonja Schmitz is an Associate Professor at CCBC where she teaches biology and botany. She is a board member of the MWMC, and a steering committee member of the Lower Patapsco Small Watershed Action Plan (LPSWAP).

[98] NO TITLE

KarenAnderson

NOABSTRACTSUBMITTED

[99] A Virtual Stream Sampler

W.NeilGilliesCacaponInstitutePOBox68HighView,WV26808304-856-1385ngillies@cacaponinstitute.org

Co-Authors:JenniferGillies(CacaponInstitute),FrankRodgers(CacaponInstitute)andBenAlexandro(CacaponInstitute)

AVirtualStreamSampleristhelatestinasuiteofwatershedlessonsattheonlinePotomacHighlandsWatershedeSchool,servingthek-12andbroaderenvironmentaleducationcommunityintheChesapeakeBayWatershed.AVirtualStreamSampleroffersarealisticsimulationofavolunteerstreamassessmentthatincludeswaterqualitymeasurements,habitatassessments,andbenthicmacroinvertebratecollections.WaterqualitymeasurementsarecollectedwithvirtualtestersforpH,temperature,dissolvedoxygen,nitrogen,conductivity,andalkalinity.Studentsreadtheresultsoffthemeasurementdevice,andthen“enter”thatdatabyselectingtherangeinwhichtheanswerfalls.Thehabitatassessmentsection(embeddedness,algae,streambedcomposition)involvesselectingtherightanswersbyinterpretingvisualclues.Thebenthicmacroinvertebrate(BMI)collectionbeginsbydippingavirtualkicknetintothestream,sortingthedebrisoutofthenet,andthendraggingorganismsovertoanicecubetray.Aseachorganismisdroppedinthetraystudentsarechallengedtocorrectlyidentifyitoffalistorusingananimateddichotomouskey.Whentheyidentifyanorganism,ascreenpopsupthattellsthemhowmanywereinthenetandadatasheetautomaticallyrecordsthisanswer.Afterstudentshavecompletedthechemical,physicalandbiologicalassessments,theyaregivenascorepageshowinghowwelltheydidineachofthethreesectionsandatotalscore.TheywillalsoseetableswherethestreamsarescoredusingtheVirginiaandtheWestVirginiaSaveOurStreamsmethods.Alinkisavailabletoexplainmoreaboutthestreamandhoweachstate’sstreamscoringmethodworks;thisprovidesanopportunityforteacherstodiscusskeyecologicalconceptslikediversity,pollutiontolerance,anddominance.ThisactivityisbasedonrealdatacollectedinrealstreamsbyCacaponInstituteandagencypartners.Morestreamswillbeprofiled,includingonefromtheShenandoahValley,oneinMarylandfrombelowthefalllinenearDC,anda

restoredacidminedrainageimpairedstream.WhileVirtualStreamSamplerworkswellasastand-aloneactivity,thisandtheothereSchoolactivitiesaredesignedtoenhancetheacademicvalueofschoolfieldtrips.Studentswhohavebeenexposedtostreamsamplingconceptsandimagesintheclassroompriortoafieldtripwillbebetterpreparedtolearnwhentheygetintothefield.TheVirtualStreamSamplerwasprogrammedbyJenniferGilliesandfundedbyNOAABayWatershedEducation&Training,TheMARPATFoundation,andCacaponInstitute’smembers.TheeSchoolisavailable365/24/7,freeofcharge,athttp://www.cacaponinstitute.org/e_classroom.htm.

W. Neil Gillies (Executive Director, Cacapon Institute, High View, WV) began his career as an environmental scientist in South Florida in the 70’s and early 80s, with diverse studies ranging from estuarine invertebrate communities to studies on the endangered American Crocodile at a nuclear power plant. In 1996, Neil joined Cacapon Institute, a WV non-profit environmental organization where, among other things, he does water quality and quantity research, developed an innovative web-based e-school, participated in an economic experiment on agricultural incentives, is an active partner in WV’s Tributary Team, and is studying how to keep deer out of riparian plantings. He has a B.S. from the University of Miami, Florida, and a M.S. from Florida International University.

Hands On in the Bay

[100] The Spirit of Growing Our Chesapeake Bay Partnership: The Continued Evolution of the Chesapeake Bay Program Partnership’s Long term Water Quality Monitoring Program

PeterJ.TangoUSGSChesapeakeBayProgramOffice410SevernAve.Annapolis,MD21403ptango@chesapeakebay.net

Thespiritofacommunitypartnershiphassupportedthemaintenanceofthelong-termChesapeakeBayProgram(CBP)tidalwaterqualitymonitoringprogramwasinitiatedinAugust1984.Thenetworkconsistsofover150monitoringstationsdistributedthroughouttheBay,sampled12-20timesthroughouttheyear.Integratedintotheprogramareshallowwatermonitoring,submergedaquaticvegetationandbenthicinvertebratecommunityevaluations.Thatsamespiritcodifiedtheestablishmentofabasin-widewatershedmonitoringnetworkin2004consistingof85stationssampled12-20timesperyearwithnetworkexpansionunderwayin2011-12.ExampleapplicationsoftheCBPmonitoringdatahaveincludedestablishmentofscience-basedmanagementsegmentation,waterqualitycriteriadevelopment,ecosystemmodelcalibrationandverificationsupportingtheTMDLandwaterqualitystandardsassessment.ProgramshavebeensupportedbytheintegratedresourcesofFederal,State,localandacademicpartners.Inrecentyearstherehasbeentheadditionofnontraditionalpartnersmonitoringresultsappliedtoselectregulatorywaterqualitycriteriaassessments(e.gCitizenmonitoring).ExamplesofCitizenmonitoringcontributionstoCBPassessmentsincludetheinclusionofdatameetingregulatorylevelsofqualityassuranceandcontrolfromtheVirginiaDepartmentofEnvironmentalQuality’sLevelIIICitizenMonitoringProgramwithpilotworktoincludeMarylandtidaldatafromtheSouthRiverRiverkeepersintotheCleanWaterAct303dlistingevaluations.ThecontinuedevolutionoftheCBPpartnership’smonitoringprogramnowinvolvesdevelopingandincorporatingproceduresandplanningasuiteofproductsforregulatoryandnonregulatoryusesthatincorporateagreaterdiversityofdatasourcesthantheexistingprogram.SuchproductsaredesiredfordepictedBayandbasinstatusandtrendsinaquaticresourcehealthatresolutionsbeyondthoseavailablewiththelongtermmonitoringnetworks.

Since 2007, I have served USGS at the Chesapeake Bay Program Office as the Chesapeake Bay Watershed Monitoring Coordinator. I spent most of the previous decade working with the Maryland Department of Natural Resources as a Project Leader on Harmful Algal Blooms then Chief of Quantitative Ecosystem Assessment. I received my PhD from SUNY-College of Environmental Science and Forestry in Fisheries Science, have a MS from West Virginia University in Wildlife Ecology and Management and a BS also from SUNY-ESF in Forest Biology. In my spare time I’m often out on roads or in the water training, volunteering with or competing in running races and triathlons.

[101] Citizen Involvement and the Chesapeake Bay Executive Order

MichelleRyanEnvironmentalScienceandPublicPolicyDepartmentGeorgeMasonUniversity4400UniversityDriveFairfax,VA22030-4444571-723-2754Jryan10@masonlive.gmu.edu

TherecentExecutiveOrder(E.O.)requiresthefederalgovernmenttoincreasecitizenstewardshipthroughouttheChesapeakeBay(Bay)watershed.OnewaytoincreasecitizenstewardshipintheBaywatershedisthroughgreaterfederalgovernmentengagementwithexistingcitizenscienceorganizationsthatprovidewaterqualitymonitoringdataforBayrestorationprojects.On-goingcitizensciencewaterqualitymonitoringprojectsrepresentcost-effectivesolutionstoproducelargedatasetssuitableforBayrestorationefforts.Additionally,thesevolunteerorganizationsprovideincreasedcitizenstewardshipintheBaythroughhands-on,scientifically-monitoredvolunteeropportunitiestointerestedindividuals.InterviewswithselectedcitizensciencewaterqualitymonitoringgroupsinVirginia,Maryland,Delaware,andPennsylvania,revealedareasforcitizenstewardshipcollaborationwithinE.O.13508.Theseareasincludefederalsponsorshipofacentralizeddataclearinghousefordatacollectedbycitizensciencewaterqualitymonitoringorganizations,streamliningthefederalgrantprocesstoimproveaccesstofederalfundstocitizenscienceorganizationsconductingwaterqualitymonitoring,andcollaboratingwithcitizenscienceorganizationstoincreasecitizenstewardship.

Ms. Ryan’s volunteer Chesapeake Bay volunteer experience includes oyster reef restoration, native habitat restoration, water quality monitoring, environmental education, and outreach. Michelle recently completed a masters in natural resources at Virginia Tech, and will be entering the doctoral program in environmental science and public policy at George Mason University to pursue research in citizen science and its impact on Chesapeake Bay restoration efforts. Michelle is a certified Virginia Master Naturalist, and a volunteer at the National Aquarium in Baltimore. She also works as a systems engineer in the defense industry.

[102] Choose Clean Water - Engaging Local Organizations

RyanEwingChooseCleanWaterCoalition706GiddingsAvenue,Suite2CAnnapolis,MD21401443.927.8047EwingR@nwf.org

Co-author–JenniferBevan-Dangel(1,000FriendsofMaryland)

CitizensofMarylandandtheChesapeakeregionhaveanunprecedentedopportunitytomakecleanwaterplansintheircommunitieswhichwillfinallyrestorewaterqualitytoourlocalriversandstreams.RyanandJenniferwilldiscusstheeffortsbythe200memberorganizationsoftheChooseCleanWaterCoalitionastheyengageinthisprocessknownastheWatershedImplementationPlans(WIPs).Mostimportantly,theywillbediscussinghowcitizens,localorganizationsandvolunteerstreammonitorscanandshouldengageintheircommunityplans,andwillbeofferingresourcesandinformationtoyoutohelpyoumakeyourlocalcommunityplansthebestclean-upplanspossible.

Ryan Ewing serves as Communications and Outreach Coordinator for the Choose Clean Water coalition. He is employed by the National Wildlife Federation for this effort. Previously, Ryan has worked for the Maryland League of Conservation Voters, building grassroots support for environmental issues, managing volunteers, and working with local groups in Maryland. Prior to that, he worked as the Action Network Coordinator for the Natural Resources Council of Maine and served on the Town Council of Brunswick, Maine. Ryan has a graduate degree in Political Management from The George Washington University, and graduated Western Maryland College with a Bachelor’s degree in Political Science and Theatre Arts. Ryan lives in Easton, Maryland with his wife Amy and son Liam.

[103] The Chesapeake Commons Database

R.JohnDawesEnvironmentalIntegrityProject1ThomasCircle,Suite900Washington,DC20005Phone:202.263.4447jdawes@environmentalintegrity.orgThissessionwillshowcitizenshowtoupload,analyze,andpublishgeospatialdatawithintheChesapeakeBayWatershed.TheChesapeakeCommonsDataToolisthelatestgeospatialrepositorywhereuserscandownload,map,andcollaboratearoundChesapeakeBayissuesfromasinglelocation.Seehowlocalwatershedorganizations,non-profits,funders,andgovernmentareusingthistooltomaketheirdatatellastorytothepublic.ThissessionwillgiveusersageneraloverviewoftheChesapeakeCommonssystemaswellasfulltraininginallfeaturesofthedatatool.Attendeeswillgettolearnthroughexperienceandleavewithasolidfoundationinpreliminarygeospatialanalysis,haveasolutiontocreatinghighlycustomizedmapswiththeirowndata,andbegintothinkabouthowvarioussystemfunctionsoftheCommonscanservetheirorganization.John graduated in 2009 from Juniata College with a BA in Environmental Policy. He serves as the Administrator of the Chesapeake Commons Data Tool and provides data management and GIS consultation to non-profits, Chesapeake Bay Funders Network, and local organizers. The goal of his work is to make Chesapeake Bay data easily accessible, locally relevant, and salient, so that government, stakeholders, and nonprofits, can transparently make better policy decisions. In his spare time John can be found paddling Great Falls of the Potomac or paragliding select sites in MD, PA, or VA.

Money Behind Water Quality Initiatives

[104] Advancing Watershed Restoration at the Local Level

JenniferRaulinChesapeake&CoastalProgramMarylandDNRAnnapolis,MD,USAjraulin@dnr.state.md.us

WiththeChesapeakeBayTMDLnowinplace(asofDecember2010),Marylandistaskedwithachievingambitiousgoalsonastricttimeline.RealizingthatStateinitiativesalonewillnotachieveourimplementationgoals,Marylandhasputinplaceprogramsandstrategiesthattargetvaluableresourcesatthelocallevel.Aimedatincreasingcapacityandacceleratinglarge-scalerestorationinitiatives,theuniquepartnershipsoftheWatershedAssistanceCollaborativeandfundingprovidedthroughChesapeake&AtlanticCoastalBaysTrustFundhavealreadygivenmanycommunitiesaboostintacklingthesegoals.TheWatershedAssistanceCollaborative(Collaborative)isafederal,state,andnonprofitpartnershipthatfitsverywellintotheoverallgoalsandrestorationstrategiesthatMarylandDepartmentofNaturalResources&theStateareworkingtowardfortheChesapeakeBayTMDLandthestatelevelWatershedImplementationPlans.TheCollaborativeoffersthetools,support,andtechnicalassistancetohelplocalgovernmentsandcommunitiesplan,targetandimplementon–the-groundprojects,aswellasbuildthecapacitytoimplementbestmanagementpracticesandenvironmentalpoliciesthatrelatetoimprovedwaterquality.TwoexamplesofsuccessfullocalwatershedgroupsthatutilizedtheCollaborativeandhowtheyhaveexpandedtheirrestorationandoutreacheffortswillbediscussed.ThemeasureofsuccessfortheCollaborativeistheabilitytoundertakelargescalerestorationinitiatives,similartothetypesofprojectsfundedwiththeChesapeake&AtlanticCoastalBaysTrustFund.TheChesapeake&AtlanticCoastalBaysTrustFund(TrustFund)isauniquesourceoffundingdedicatedtothereductionofnonpointsourcepollutionandisacornerstonetoachievingMaryland’sportionoftheChesapeakeBayTMDL.FundsareprioritizedthroughgeographictargetingbasedonpotentialnutrientloadintothemainstemoftheBay,strengthoflocalgovernmentandpartnersupport,abilitytoleveragemaximumfunding,andthepotentialtodemonstrateameasurabledifferenceinarelativelyshortamountoftime.Thistargetingstrategyaswellasanewaccountabilitytoolindevelopmentwillbediscussedinfurtherdetail.

Jennifer Raulin, Nonpoint Source Program ManagerAdministers grants to coastal cities and counties for the implementation of nonpoint source pollution control projects. Manages the Chesapeake Bay and Atlantic Coastal Bays 2010 Trust Fund, Chesapeake Bay Implementation and coastal non point source grants. Works with local governments in identifying and developing projects and proposals and oversees project management.

[105] Water-related Funding Opportunities Provided by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation’s Chesapeake Bay Stewardship Fund

MandyChesnuttNationalFish&WildlifeFoundation113315thStreet,Suite1100Washington,DC20005(202)595-2486mandy.chesnutt@nfwf.org

MandyChesnuttwillbespeakingaboutNationalFishandWildlifeFoundation’sChesapeakeBayStewardshipFund.TherearemultiplefundingopportunitiesavailableforwaterqualityworkthroughtheprogramincludingtheInnovativeNutrientandSedimentReductiongrantprogram,theSmallWatershedGrantsprogram,andtheTechnicalAssistanceprogram.

Mandy Chesnutt is the Manager of Chesapeake Programs for the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation. In addition to running the two grants programs, she also focuses on performance measurement, GIS analysis, and quality assurance. Before joining the program, Mandy was a Research Specialist and Project Manager at University of Vermont doing research on sustainable agriculture and pollution reduction from agricultural lands. She holds a Bachelors Degree in Zoology from the University of Maryland and is currently working on her Master’s Degree in Natural Resources at Virginia Tech.

[106] Water-related Funding Opportunities Provided by the Chesapeake Bay Trust

KaceyWetzelProgramOfficerChesapeakeBayTrust60WestStreet,Suite405Annapolis,MD21401(410)974-2941x.104kwetzel@cbtrust.org

Co-Authors:HieuTrong(MA,HarvardSchoolofDesign;BS,UMBC)andKirkMantay(MA,AppalachianStateUniversity;BS,BAVirginiaTech)

TheChesapeakeBayTrustistheonlynonprofit,grant-makingorganizationdedicatedtosparkingon-the-groundchangefortheChesapeakeBayanditstributariesinMaryland.Ourgoalistoincreasestewardshipthroughgrantprograms,specialinitiatives,andpartnershipsthatsupportenvironmentaleducation,demonstration-basedrestoration,andcommunityengagementactivities.

Kacey has her MS from Johns Hopkins University and a BS ftom Rollins College. She manages the Trust’s Outreach and Community Engagement and Mini-Grant programs.

Stream Geomorphology

[107] Applying Fluvial Geomorphic Monitoring Techniques to Evaluate Stream Restoration Project Success in the Red Hill Branch Subwatershed

ColinHillKCITechnologies,Inc.936RidgebrookRoadSparks,MD21152P:410-316-7800ext.1548Colin.Hill@KCI.com

Co-Authors:MichaelPieper(KCITechnologies,Inc.)andMeganCrunkleton(KCITechnologies,Inc.)

BasedonrecommendationsintheUpperLittlePatuxentRiver(ULPR)WatershedManagementPlan,HowardCountyhasinitiatedimplementationofnumerousrestorationprojectsincludingstreamrestorationandstormwatermanagementretrofitprojectsintheRedHillBranchsubwatershed.Subsequently,acomprehensivemonitoringprogramwasdevelopedtoevaluatetheeffectivenessofimplementedrestorationprojectsandstrategiesandtrackprogresstowardsmeetingtheoverallwatershedrestorationgoals.In2009,KCIimplementedageomorphicmonitoringprogramtoevaluatetheBramhopestreamrestorationproject,whichconsistsofsurveyandanalysisofcross-sectionsandlongitudinalprofile,installingandmonitoringbankpinsandscourchains,mappingsubstratefacies,evaluatingsubstrateparticlesizedistribution,andmeasurementofsedimentload.Geomorphicmonitoringofthreestreamreacheswasconductedduringfall2009toevaluatebedandbankstability,channelprofileandbedfeaturespriortorestorationactivities.Theresultingbaselinedatawillbeusedtocomparefuturepost-restorationdatainordertodemonstratetheeffectivenessofretrofitsandstreamchannelrestorationinreducingloadingofnitrogen,phosphorus,andsediment,withasecondarygoalofevaluatingthesuccessofrestorationeffortsatthebroadersubwatershedscale.

Colin Hill is an environmental scientist in the Natural Resources practice at KCI Technologies, Inc. For over ten years, he has been performing stream and watershed assessments throughout Maryland and in numerous states across the country. Colin holds a Master of Science degree in environmental science from Towson University, and a Bachelor of Science degree in Biology from Loch Haven University of Pennsylvania.

[108] The Stream Functions Pyramid: A Conceptual Model for Setting Goals and Evaluating the Functional Improvement of Stream Restoration Projects

RichardStarrU.S.FishandWildlifeServiceChesapeakeBayFieldOffice177AdmiralCochraneDriveAnnapolis,MD21401(410)573-4583rich_starr@fws.gov

Streamrestorationpractitionershavelongbeenstrugglingwithhowtodeterminethesuccessofrestorationprojects.Partoftheproblemliesinfailuretolinkstreamrestorationwiththerestorationofstreamfunction.Forexample,manyrestorationprojectgoalsfailtorecognizethefullrangeofstreamfunctionsandhowtheysupporteachother.Federalmitigationguidelinesalreadyrequirestreamrestorationpractitionerstodeterminethefunctionalimprovementoftheirproject.Functionalliftisthereforedefinedasthedifferenceinthepre-restorationfunctionalconditionandthepostrestorationfunctionalcondition.Thefunctionalliftcanthenbeusedtodevelopstreammitigationcreditsortoquantifytheoverallbenefitofanystreamrestoration.Thefunctionalliftpyramidprovidesaframeworkforassessingstreamfunctions,settingdesigngoals,andevaluatingperformance.Thepyramidshowsthatrestorationoffunctionsmustoccurinacertainorderformaximumfunctionallifttooccur.Hydrologyfunctionscreatethebaseofthepyramid.Thesefunctionsdeterminehowmuchwaterisproducedbythewatershedandincludemeasuressuchastherainfall-runoffrelationshipandbankfulldischargedetermination.Hydraulicfunctionsareshownabovehydrologyfunctionsanddescribetheflowdynamicsinthechannelandfloodplainwherefloodplainconnectivityandflowdynamicsarecriticalmeasures.Geomorphicfunctionsarenextandintegratethehydrologyandhydraulicfunctionstotransportsedimentandcreatediversebedforms.Oncethisstructureisinplace,physiochemicalfunctionscanimprove;e.g.increaseddissolvedoxygen,lowerstreamtemperature,denitrification,andorganicprocessing.Atthetopofthepyramidarethebiologicalfunctionsbecausetheyrelyonallofthebelowfunctions.Thesefunctionsincludethelifecyclesoffishandmacroinvertebrates,ripariancondition,andmore.Thefunctionalliftpyramidhelpspractitionerssetgoalstoensurethatthedesignaddressestheappropriatefunctions.Thismaysoundobvious,butotherresearchhasshownthatmanyassessmentprotocolsandprojectdesignsignorethebaselevelfunctionsofhydrology,hydraulics,andgeomorphology.Inaddition,thepyramidcanbeusedtodesignmonitoringplansthatquantifyfunctionalliftbyassessingthebaselinefunctionalcapacityofthestreamcorridor.Thedesignshouldthenfocusonimprovingimpairedfunctions,ratherthanjustfocusingonchannelform,i.e.improvingchanneldimension,patternandprofile.Themonitoringshouldthenquantifythe

improvementorliftineachofthosefunctions.

Richard Starr is Chief of the Habitat Restoration Division within the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service –Chesapeake Bay Field Office, Annapolis, Maryland. He manages the Partners for Wildlife Program, Stream Habitat Assessment and Restoration Program, and Schoolyard Habitat Program. Richard has over 20 years experience in watershed assessment, planning management, and restoration. He has conducted numerous geomorphic watershed and stream assessments; implemented stream restoration and fish passage projects; developed a variety of stream assessment protocols and tools; and developed and delivered training courses on stream protection, assessment, and restoration.

[109] Fish Passage Barriers and Mitigation Options

KathyHoverman,P.E.KCITechnologies,Inc.936RidgebrookRd.Sparks,MD21152410-527-4402Inrecentyearsunnaturalfishmigrationbarriersforresidentandanadromousfish,suchasdams,infrastructure,andculverts,havebeenidentifiedasconcernsandtargetedforremovalorrepair.Ineachsituationtherearesimilaritiesformitigatingthebarrier(e.g.identifyingtargetspecies,settingdesigncriteria)aswellasspecificsiteconsiderations(e.g.channelslope,costs)ateach.Morenaturalsolutionscallednature-likefishwayslikeflowconstrictor/steppoolsystemorroughenedrockramparecommonlyappliedsolutions.Arockramporbouldercascadesystemcanalsobeusedtoraisethechannelinverttopassthroughcrosschannelinfrastructureorperchedculvertsthatareblockingmigration.Theconsiderations,approachandsolutiontoeachofthethreemajortypesofbarrierswillbediscussedaswellaswaystoidentifywhichbarrierstoremoveandwaystoensurefutureblockagedoesnotoccurwithnewinfrastructureandroadculverts.

Kathy Hoverman is a stream restoration designer with KCI Technologies, Inc. in Sparks Maryland. She has a BS in Civil Engineering and an MS in Biology and is a registered professional engineer in Maryland. She has 10 years of experience in stream assessment and design in the Midwest, Mid-Atlantic, and New England with specialization in nature-like fishways and aquatic organism passage.

Mattawoman Creek: A Fragile Gem

[110] Evaluating Anadromous Spawning Habitat Changes in a Changing Landscape

MargaretMcGinty580TaylorAvenueD-2Annapolis,MD21401410-260-8297mmcginty@dnr.state.md.us

Co-Authors:JimUphoff(CooperativeOxfordLaboratory),JimMowrer(MarylandDNR,FisheriesService)andBrucePyle(MarylandDNR,FisheriesService)

TheChesapeakeBaywatershedisrapidlydevelopinginresponsepopulation.Attendanttothatdevelopmentisanincreaseinimpervioussurfacesindevelopedwatersheds.Numerousstudieshavereportednegativeimpactsofimpervioussurfacesonaquaticresources.Toevaluatetheimpactofdevelopmentonmigratoryspawninghabitat,werecreatedahistoricalstudyconductedinthe1970’sandearly1980’s.Wesamplednumerousstationsinfourtributariesthathistoricallysupportedspawninghabitatforwhiteperch,yellowperchandherringspecies.Weusedchangesinnumbersofstreamsiteswithspawningasanindicatoroftheeffectofdevelopment.Comparisonsofhistoricalpresencewithobservedpresencetoday,showedadeclineinspawninghabitatoccupationinwatershedswhereimpervioussurfaceincreased.Spawningwasrareinhabitatswhereimperviouscoverexceeded15%.InMattawomanandPiscatawayCreeks,historicalstreamandestuarineconductivitydata(anindicatorofinorganicacids,bases,andsaltsinfreshwater)werecomparedto2008-2009monitoringdatatodetermineifchangesinstreamwaterqualitywereobserved.Conductivitieswereelevatedabovebaselinehistoricalconditionsinmidreachesofthewatershed,potentiallytoincreasesinhumanimpactinguseofthespawningareasforanadromousfish.

Margaret is a biologist with the Fisheries Ecosystem and Habitat Program. Since 2003 she has invested in evaluating habitat responses to landuse change in watershed. Prior to that Margaret worked in the Resource Assessment Program at DNR where she evaluated habitat impacts of nutrient enrichment on fish communities and fish habitat.

[111] Migrating to Mattawoman Creek—Or Not: icthyoplankton surveys of anadromous-fish spawning in the nontidal river

JimLong1135OverlookDriveAccokeekMD20607301-283-0447jp.long@earthlink.netBonnieBick(MattawomanWatershedSociety),HavenCarlton(MattawomanWatershedSociety),KevinGrimes(MattawomanWatershedSociety),SherryHession(MattawomanWatershedSociety),YvonneIrving(MattawomanWatershedSociety),EdwardJoell(MattawomanWatershedSociety),KatrinaMcConkey(MattawomanWatershedSociety),JulieSimpson(MattawomanWatershedSociety),StanSteptura(MattawomanWatershedSociety),BarbaraStepura(MattawomanWatershedSociety),RussTalcott(MattawomanWatershedSociety),KenHastings(MasonSpringsConservancy),BobBoxwell(MasonSpringsConservancy),FrankCowherd(MasonSpringsConservancy),RoyParker(MasonSpringsConservancy),JimUphoff(MarylandDNRFisheriesService),MargaretMcGinty(MarylandDNRFisheriesService),JimMowrer(MarylandDNRFisheriesService)andBrucePyle(MarylandDNRFisheriesService)

Duringtheirannualspawningruns,migratoryfishoncevacatedtheseainvastnumberstosurgethroughouttheChesapeakeBay.Today,populationsaredepresseddramatically,thoughsometributarieshavehistoricallyremainedasbrightspotsofspawningandnurseryactivity.OneoftheseisMattawomanCreek,atwenty-mileriverandseven-miletidal-freshwaterestuaryflowingintothePotomacRiver25milessouthofthenation’scapital.Evidentlythecreek’slocationbeyondWashington’surbangradient,combinedwithitsplacementnearthePotomac’soligohaline-freshwaterboundary,providesanespeciallyproductivenurseryandspawninggroundforwhiteperch,alewifeandbluebackherring,andsemi-anadromousyellowperch.Inaddition,thelargerfishcommunityhasexhibitedanunusuallyhealthytrophicstructurethathelpssupportavibrantrecreationallargemouthbassfishery.Unfortunately,surveysbytheDepartmentofNaturalResources(DNR)spanningfourdecadespointtoanoutstandingwaterwaynowenteringalong-predicteddeclineasitswatershedissubjectedtoincreasingurbanization.Inparticular,theabundanceofanadromousfishjuvenilesintheestuaryisfaltering.InanefforttohelptheDNRFisheriesServicebetterunderstandtheconnectionbetweentidalestuarypopulationsandfluvial-streamspawningusagebymigratoryfish,volunteershavebeenconductingicthyoplanktonsurveysintheMattawomanmainstemandselectedtributaries.Thisassessmenttechnique,inwhichdriftingeggsandlarvaeareinterceptedbyanetforlatercounting,ishighlyamendabletovolunteercontributions.Comparingpresence/absencedataandquantitativeeggcountsfromtheearly1970’s,earlyandlate1990’s,andtheendofthefirstdecade

of2000findsthatupstreamhabitatusagebyriverherringhasbeendeclining,withanacceleratedpaceoccurringbetweenthelate90’sandlate2000’s.TheacceleratedlossmirrorsadeclineinfishabundanceintheestuarythatDNRhasmeasuredandcorrelatedtourbanizationmetrics.Iftheprognosisforthischarismaticwaterwayistobeimproved,changesinland-usepoliciesareurgentlyneeded,makingthecurrentrevisionofCharlesCounty’scomprehensiveplanasubjectofkeeninterest.

Jim Long is a physical research-scientist by occupation who has also been active in conservation issues affecting water resources in southern Maryland for over fifteen years. During this time, he has assisted biologists in assaying Mattawoman Creek’s terrestrial and aquatic resources, including surveys of habitat usage by migratory fish. He is speaking today as president the . [112] Interpretation of a Ten-Year Record of Discrete and Continuous Water-Quality Data for a Rapidly-Urbanizing Coastal Plain Watershed

JeffreyG.ChanatU.S.GeologicalSurveyMD/DE/DCWaterScienceCenter522ResearchParkDrive,Baltimore,MD21228443-498-5541jchanat@usgs.gov

Co-authors:JosephM.Bell,BrendaFeitMajedi,DavidP.BrowerandCherieV.Miller

Effectivewatershedmanagementrequiresacomprehensiveunderstandingofhydrologyandwaterqualitywithinthecontextofawatershed’sgeographyandlanduse.MattawomanCreek,atributaryofthetidalfreshwaterPotomacRiver,drains94squaremilesinthesouthernMarylandcoastalplain.Whilepredominatelyforested,thewatershedisurbanizingrapidlyandcontinuestoexperiencedevelopmentpressureduetoitsproximitytoWashington,D.C.SinceOctober,2000,theUSGShasbeencollectingdiscretesamplesandcontinuous(fifteen-minute)water-qualitydatainthenon-tidalportionofthecreek(USGS01658000;drainagearea55squaremiles),withtheintentofcharacterizingambientwaterquality,potentialcontaminantsources,runoffprocesses,loadstothetidalMattawomanestuary,andtrendsinwaterquality.Atotalof354discretesampleswerecollected,98representingbaseflowconditionsand256representingtherangeofconditionsencounteredoverthecourseofstormhydrographs.Onthebasisofthesesamples,themediansuspended-sedimentconcentrationwas24mg/l,withminimumandmaximumconcentrationsofonemg/land2890mg/l,respectively.Totalnitrogenrangedfrom0.21mg/lto4.09mg/l,withamedianof0.69mg/l;totalphosphorusrangedfrom<0.01mg/lto0.98mg/l,withamedianof0.07mg/l.Seasonaltrendsintotalphosphorus,andtoalesserdegreetotalnitrogen,wereobserved,withhigherconcentrationsinsummermonthsandlowerconcentrationsinwintermonths.Datacollectedatfifteen-minuteintervalsincludeddischarge,watertemperature,pH,specificconductance,dissolvedoxygen,andturbidity.Episodicvariabilityinspecificconductivitysuggestedtwo-componentmixing,withahigh-conductivityend-memberrepresentativeofgroundwaterinflowwithlongresidencetimes,andalower-conductivityend-memberrepresentativeofrainfallandshallowsubsurfaceflow.Episodicvariabilityinturbiditysuggestedsupply-limitedconditions,withthestreamchannelandadjacentfloodplainaspotentialsourcesofmuchofthesuspendedmaterial.Stepwiseregressionmodelsweredeveloped,usingfifteen-minutedatacorrespondingtothetimesatwhichdiscretesampleswerecollectedascandidateproxiesforsuspendedsediment,totalphosphorus,andtotalnitrogen.Turbidityanddischargewerebothincludedinthemodelforsuspendedsediment(R2=0.76,n=185);onlyturbiditywasselectedasarobustpredictoroftotalphosphorusandnitrogen(R2=0.68and0.61,respectively,n=186forboth).EstimatesofsedimentandnutrientloadingtotheMattawomanestuary,andcomparisonswithotherChesapeakeBaytributarywatershedsofcomparablesize,areunderdevelopment.Together,thetabulateddata,regressionmodels,loadandtrendestimates,andcomparisondatawillprovideastrongfoundationforinterpretingwaterqualityinMattawomanCreekintermsofthewatershed’sgeographicsettingandlanduse.

[113] Development, Stressors, Habitat and Fish Community Changes in Mattawoman Creek

JimUphoffMarylandDNRFisheriesServiceCooperativeOxfordLaboratory904SouthMorrisSt.Oxford,MD21654410-226-0078x174juphoff@dnr.state.md.us

Co-authors:MargaretMcGinty(MDDNR,FisheriesService)

Long-andshort-termdataondevelopment,streamflow,waterquality,anadromousfishstreamspawning,larvalfishdynamics,andestuarinefishcommunitycompositioninfresh-tidalMattawomanCreekwereexaminedtodescribeecologicalchangesassociatedwithitstransitionfromaruraltoasuburbanwatershed.ThesechangeswerecontrastedwithtwoadjacentsouthernMarylandwatersheds:more

developedPiscatawayCreekandNanjemoyCreek,oneofChesapeakeBay’sleastdevelopedwatersheds.StreamsiteswithanadromousspawninginPiscatawayandMattawomancreeksin1971(ruralwatersheds)wereresampledinthelate2000s(suburbanwatersheds);fewerstreamsitesinMattawomanCreekhadspawningandithadnearlyceasedinPiscatawayCreek.Feedingsuccessofyellowperchlarvaeinthethreesubestuariesduring2010wasnegativelyrelatedtowatersheddevelopment.AsMattawomanCreek’swatershedbecamesuburbanduringthe2000s,itsopenwatertidalfishcommunity’sabundanceandspeciesrichnessunderwentamajordeclines.ChangesinstreamhabitatofMattawomanCreekindicatedpresenceofmultiplestressorsconsistentwithurbanization:increasedconductivity(salts,inorganicacidsandbases),alteredflowcharacteristics,andincreasedsedimentandassociatednutrients.Levelsofsuspendedorganicmatterinsubestuariesthatpositivelyinfluencedoccurrenceofcopepodsinlarvalfishgutsinspringdeclinedwithwatersheddevelopmentandindicatedpossiblefoodwebdisruption.Estuarinehabitatchangeswereheavilyinfluencedbyalargeincreaseinacreageofsubmergedaquaticvegetation(SAV)thatwasconcurrentwiththetransitionfromruraltosuburbanwatershedintheearly2000s.Dissolvedoxygen(DO)dynamicsshiftedfromalgaebloomstoSAV-relateddynamics.WaterclarityincreasedasSAVacreageincreased.LevelsofDOintheopenchannelfellfromsupersaturatedlevels,butremainedsuitableforaquaticorganisms.MeasurementsofDOatacontinuousmonitorinadenseSAVbedhavebecomeincreasinglyunsuitableandindicatedpotentialforunexpected,negativeconditions.

[114] The Role of Mattawoman Creek in the Largemouth Bass Fishery of the Potomac River

JosephLoveMarylandDNRInlandFisheriesService580TaylorAvenue,B-2Annapolis,MD20706410-260-8257jlove@dnr.state.md.us

Largemouthbass(LMB)(Micropterus salmoides)isarguablythemostpopularsportfishintidalfreshPotomacRiver(Maryland).Eachyear,thousandsofanglerscompetitivelyfishforlargemouthbasstournamentsandmanyareMarylandresidents.Inaddition,non-residentanglersin2006spentmoretimefishingforblackbassthananyotherspecies–1,350,000days.Recreationalanglingandcompetitivesportstournamentsforlargemouthbassyieldconsiderabledirectandindirecteconomicrevenuetolocalcounties.In2010,theFLWAmericanFishingSeriesestimatedasingletournamentprovidedover$700,000directlyintothelocaleconomyofCharlesCounty.Oneofthemostpopularlocationsforfishingandforconductingsportfishtournamentsonthetidal-freshPotomacRiverisSmallwoodStatePark,nearMattawomanCreekofthePotomacRiver.In2010,SmallwoodStateParkhostedatleast92tournaments,whichwashalfofalltournamentsregisteredintidewatersofMarylandin2010.AsaconsequenceofthenumeroustournamentsheldeachyearatSmallwoodStatePark,hundredsoflargemouthbassarereleasedinMattawomanCreekeachyear.WhileafractionoftheseleavetheCreek,manyremaintoreproduceinqualityhabitatsthatcompriseMattawomanCreek.ThesuitabilityofMattawomanCreekforlargemouthbassisrelativelyhighbecauseoftheavailabilityofgrassesasrefugiaforjuveniles,theabundanceoffishandmacroinvertebrates,highwaterclarity,andrelativelylowlevelsofeutrophication.Recentconcernsofwaterqualitydegradationandexpansionsofinvasivespecies,suchasnorthernsnakehead,mayadverselyimpactlargemouthbasspopulations.Itisessentialtoprotectwaterqualityandhabitatintegrityofsubwatersheds,suchasMattawomanCreek,forthesakeofsportsfishing,anglers,andtoppredatorssuchaslargemouthbass.

Joe is the tidal bass specialist for Inland Fisheries. He began working for Inland Fisheries in 2009. His duties include assisting in the management and research related to tidal largemouth bass in the Chesapeake Bay watershed.

Stream and Watershed Education II

[115] RiverWebs: A Documentary film about Life, Death, Science, and Streams

KeithWilliamsCreekSnorkelingAdventures131SkylineDriveConowingo,MD21918443-206-2923

ThispresentationwilldiscusstheopportunitiesaffordedbythemovieRiverWebstoteachcrossculturalcommunity,riverecologyandconservation,scientificexplorationandtheeffectonepersoncanhaveonthelargerworld.RiverWebstakesacloselookataninternationalgroupofriverecologistswhoshareastoryoftragedy,growth,andrecovery.AcrossEasternandWesterncultures,thisunlikelycircleoffriendsshowsusaveryhumansideofscience,whiledemonstratinghowtheprocessofdiscoveryworks.Theinspiringlivesandexperiencesofthesescientistsbuildarichstoryofhopeandinterconnectedness,whileprovidingapersonalwindowthroughwhichtoviewrivers,ecology,andconservation.Thispresentationwillshowselectedclipsfromthemovieanddiscusscurriculathatexemplifyscientificexploration,crossculturalcommunity,riverecology,andecosystemlinks.

Keith is the founding Director of Education at NorthBay an environmental education facility on the upper Chesapeake Bay. He also runs Creek Snorkeling Adventures, an educational stream snorkeling outfitter. He has a BS in Environmental Biology and MS in Ecological Teaching and Learning From the Lesley University Audubon Expedition Institute. Keith currently serves as the treasurer for the Maryland Association of Environmental and Outdoor Educators and was appointed to the Maryland Governors Working Group for Environmental Literacy. Keith lives in Conowingo, near the lower Susquehanna River with his wife and three kids, and sticks his face in creeks every chance he gets.

[116] The View Below: Using Creek Snorkeling to Connect People with Rivers

KeithWilliamsCreekSnorkelingAdventures131SkylineDriveConowingo,MD21918443-206-2923

Atfirstglance,theideaofsnorkelingmostofourmid-Atlanticstreamsmayseemabitodd.Butoncewelookbelowthereflectiveplaneofourlocalstreamawholenewworldisrevealed.Creeksnorkelingisoneofthemostpowerfulexperienceswecanhavewithastream.Thispresentationwilldiscusswhatlifebelowthesurfacelookslike,willprovideanoverviewofstreamsnorkelingprograms,andwilldiscusshowcreeksnorkelingcanbeusedtoengagemonitoringvolunteersandthelargercommunity.

Keith is the founding Director of Education at NorthBay an environmental education facility on the upper Chesapeake Bay. He also runs Creek Snorkeling Adventures, an educational stream snorkeling outfitter. He has a BS in Environmental Biology and MS in Ecological Teaching and Learning From the Lesley University Audubon Expedition Institute. Keith currently serves as the treasurer for the Maryland Association of Environmental and Outdoor Educators and was appointed to the Maryland Governors Working Group for Environmental Literacy. Keith lives in Conowingo, near the lower Susquehanna River with his wife and three kids, and sticks his face in creeks every chance he gets.

[117] Volunteering: What you can do Beyond Monitoring - Join TEAM DNR!

AmyS.HenryTEAMDNRCoordinator580TaylorAve,E-2Annapolis,MD21401410.260.8828ahenry@dnr.state.md.us

TeachingEnvironmentalAwarenessinMaryland(TEAM)isavolunteerprogramstartedin1997tohelpDNRteachabouttheChesapeakeBayandotherenvironmentalissuestoelementaryandmiddleschoolstudentsthroughouttheState.TEAMvolunteersreachapproximately5,000studentsannually.TEAMhas6classroomprogramsthatvolunteersbringintotheschools.TheprogramswerecreatedasapartnershipbetweenscientistsandeducatorswiththeguidanceofMSDE.AlloftheprogramsarecorrelatedtotheMarylandVoluntaryStateCurriculum.TEAMvolunteersdonotneedabackgroundinscience.TheyjustneedtocareabouttheChesapeakeBayandenjoyworkingwithchildren.Volunteersgothroughanextensivetrainingprocess.TwooftheTEAMprogramsfocusonMarylandStreams.StreamsIisa90minuteclassroomprogramwherestudentslearnstreamhabitatidentification,basicinsectanatomyandmacro-

invertebrateidentification(8taxonomicorders).TheStreamsIIprogramlastsfor2hoursandgivesstudentsahands-onexperienceusingstreambiologicalmonitoringtechniquestocollectdataandevaluatesteamhealth.ThistalkwillwalktheparticipantsthroughthebasicsofeachofthetwoprogramsandexplainthetrainingprocessforbecomingaTEAMvolunteer.

Amy has a B.S. in Natural Resources and Environmental Education from the University of Michigan. She has experience teaching elementary school science, as a naturalist at an outdoor school and she has been an environmental educator for DNR since 1987.

[118] Discovery, Fun and Watershed Education – Right in Your Own Backyard!

BetsyMcMillion6759AtholAvenue,Elkridge,MD21075410-480-0824(work)410-294-9267(cell)patapscofriend@gmail.com

LearnhowtoconductafunMWEE(MeaningfulWatershedEducationExperience)withthisprovensuccessfulandpopulartechniquethatbothkidsandadultsenjoy!Savetimeandgasbyconductinga20itemwatershedscavengerhuntinyourownbackyardorarea.Learnpopularsearchitemsrangingfromdifferentspeciesoftrees,nativeplants,invasiveplants,stormdrains,etc.andteachothersabouthowtheyaffectwaterquality!

Betsy McMillion is the Executive Director of the Friends of Patapsco Valley & Heritage Greenway. She has a Masters Degree from the University of Baltimore in Public Administration and has over ten years of environmental education experience. For the past 6 years, Betsy has developed a successful stream watch program including over 6,800 volunteers, 174 stream cleanups, removing over 218 tons of trash/junk from the lower Patapsco River watershed. She has also conducted over 100 workshops, exhibits, presentations and is the creator of a popular watershed scavenger hunt for participants of all ages.

[119] Observations in Action: An Elementary School Teacher’s Experience with the Maryland Biological Stream Survey LaurenCattsSandyPlainsElementarySchool8330KavanaghRoadBaltimore,MD21222lcatts@bcps.orgTheNationalAssessmentofEducationalProgress(NAEP)recentlyreportedthatjust20percentof4thgradestudentsmetwithproficiencyona2010nationalscienceassessment.Achievementinmiddleandhighschoolstudentspostedsimilarresults,with17percentof8thgradestudentsandjust12percentof12thgradestudentsmeetingwithproficiency.Scienceeducationthatisneitherrelevantnorfunhasstifledyounglearners’curiosityandperpetuatedanunfortunatepatternofindifferenceintoadulthood.Amidstthemandates,teachersneedtobattlethisgrowingepidemicbyboldlyandbravelyassumingtheexhilaratingresponsibilitytoengage,inspire,andnurturebuddingscientists.Curriculumtheorist,MichaelSchirodescribessocialreconstructionists’expectationsforpubliceducation:“Schoolsshouldprovidechildrenwiththeabilitytoperceiveproblemsinsociety,envisionabettersociety,andacttochangesocietysothatthereissocialjusticeandabetterlifeforallpeople.”Likewise,“Learningbestoccurswhenastudentconfrontsarealsocialcrisisandparticipatesintheconstructionofasolutiontothatcrisis.”InanAmericawherechildrencanrecognizeandcorrectlyidentifymorecommerciallogosthantheycanlivingorganismsintheirownbackyard,educatorsfacean“observationcrisis”.Engaginglearnersinthefieldofsciencerequiresanastuteunderstandingandawarenessofone’ssurroundings.Buildingonstudents’innateabilitytoaskquestions,wonderandexplore,teachersneedtoexplicitlymodelandteachhowtomakeanobservationandhowtomakesenseofrecordedobservations.Aboveall,teachersneedtostructuretheirunitsofstudyaroundrealenvironmentalproblemsthatarelocalandrelevanttotheirstudents.BuildingonherownexperiencewiththeMarylandBiologicalStreamSurvey,thisfifthgradeteacherwillpresentaseriesofmini-lessonsthattacklehowtomake,record,andcomprehendfieldobservations.Thisintroductiontopracticingandmasteringtheartofobservationwillconstructasolidfoundationforyoungscientists. LaurenisaBaltimorePartnershipforEnvironmentalLiteracyRET(ResearchExperiencesforTeachers)summerfellowworkingwithDanBowardattheMarylandDepartmentofNatureResources.Sheisexcitedtobeginherfourthyearasa5thgradeteacheratSandyPlainsElementarySchoolinDundalk,BaltimoreCounty.LaurenisalsoagraduatestudentenrolledintheLeadershipinCurriculumandInstructionmastersprogramatLoyolaUniversityMaryland.

Making Your Voice Heard

[120] Maryland Stream Waders- Providing the Mega-phone

SaraWegleinMarylandDNR580TaylorAvenueC-2Annapolis,MD21401sweglein@dnr.state.md.us

Sincetheprogrambeganin2000,MarylandStreamWadersvolunteershavesampledbenthicmacroinvertebratesfromover6,600sitesacrossMaryland.ThesedataareusedbytheMarylandDepartmentofNaturalResources,MarylandDepartmentofEnvironment,andotherstateandcountyagencies,buttheyarealsomadeavailableonlineforusebythepublic.Theavailabilityofthesedatahasprovedtobeinvaluabletomanydifferentwatershedorganizations,conservationclubs,andconcernedcitizens.Fromgettingtheattentionofdecisionmakerstoeducatinglandownerstothestateofthewatershedsthattheylivein,theMarylandStreamWadersProgramprovidesthetoolstolobbyforchangethatstartsathome.

Sara Weglein is a Natural Resources Biologist II for the Maryland Department of Natural Resources in the Monitoring and Non-tidal Assessment division. Sara works on the Maryland Biological Stream Survey and has been serving as the volunteer coordinator of the Maryland Stream Waders program since 2008. She received her B.S. degree in Biology with a concentration in Zoology from Towson University in 2008.

[121] Mattawoman Matters

BonnieBickMattawomanWatershedSociety7601OxonHillRdOxonHill,MD20745301-752-9612bonniebick@gmail.com

MattawomanCreekhasbeencharacterizedbyMarylandstatefisheriesbiologistsaspossessing“neartoidealconditions”andbeingperhapsthe“mostproductivetributarytotheChesapeakeBay.”Yetawastewatertreatmentplantbuilttwodecadesagonearthebaseofthedrainagebasinopenedthewatershedfordevelopmentand,accordingtosome,doomedMattawoman.Ordidit?Thecreekinspirespassionwithitsstunningseven-mileestuaryopeningtothePotomacRiver,withitsremarkableproductivity,andwiththeoutstandingnaturalattributesofitsriverandforests.Thispassionisreinforcedbyscientificevidencefromstateandfederalresource-agenciesandnon-profitorganizationsshowingaresourcetoogoodtolose.Asaresult,Mattawomanhaspromptedawidecoalitiontojoinalocalwatershedsocietyinanefforttoprotectthistreasuredlandscape.TodayovertwentygroupsorganizedastheSmarterGrowthAllianceforCharlesCountyisworkingtoreplaceahistoryofsprawldevelopment—epitomizedbyanill-conceivedhighwayproposal—withanewvisionofSmarterGrowthland-usedecisions.Infact,thecreekhastwopossiblefutures.Onecontinuesthedeclinethathasrecentlybeendiscoveredintheestuary’svauntedfishcommunities.Thebrighterfutureleveragespublicinterest,arenewedcommitmenttorestoretheBayatstateandfederallevels,andtoolssuchaswatershedimplementationplans,waterresourceselements,andcomprehensiveplanstocompelmeaningfulchangesinlocalland-usedecisions.Hereisaplacetoenactsuchchanges,thatcouldserveasawidermodel:forhowcanyousavetheBayifyouletitsgemsslipaway?

Bonnie Bick has been an environmental activist in Maryland for more than twenty years. Her work on issues affecting the Potomac River and Mattawoman Creek are exemplified by the successful campaign to save Chapman Forest. More recently, she has worked to instigate Smart Growth solutions to save Mattawoman Creek by protecting its forested watershed. For her efforts to preserve Bay resources, Bonnie was recently recognized by the Chesapeake Bay Foundation as its Maryland Environmentalist of the Year.

[122] How to Create Change: Strategies and Very Cool Tips for Making a Difference

PaulKazyakMarylandDNR580TaylorAvenueAnnapolis,Maryland21401410-260-8607pkazyak@dnr.state.md.us

Evertrytochangethestatusquo,orevengetyourmonitoringinformationused?Thereisareasonoursystemsaresoresilienttochange,

butwiththerightapproach,successismuchmorelikely.Fromsocialmarketingprincipalstolearnedleadershipskills,thepointersandlessonslearnedfromthistalkwillhelpyougettheresultsyouwant,andallwithoutusingagunorhighexplosivestogetnoticed.

[123] How The MBSS Uses the Internet to Spread the Word

LukeRoberson

NOABSTRACTSUBMITTED

Volunteer and Professional Monitors, Unite!

[124] NO TITLE

JamesBeckley

NOABSTRACTSUBMITTED

[125] TMDLs, Pollution Trading and the Need for Volunteer Monitoring

MichaelRHelfrichLowerSusquehannaRIVERKEEPER®324WMarketStYork,PA17401717.779.7915(cell)lowsusriver@hotmail.comAsitbecomesmoreandmoreapparentthatPollutionTradingmaybealargepartofthestates’WatershedImplementationPlans,itisimperativethatcitizenmonitoringbecomeanintegralpartoftheverificationandassurancecomponentsoftheWIP’sandtheTMDL.Reductionsbasedonmodelinputdecksarewellandgood,butonlystreammonitoringcanverifythatreductionsarebeingmade.Thisprogramwillbeanopendiscussionontheneedforphysicalverification,theconcernswiththeupkeepandmanagementofcreditedBestManagementPractices,andthebasicbutnecessarytechniquesofthephysicalandchemicalmonitoringthatwillassureusthatcreditisgivenwherecreditisdue.Michael Helfrich is your Lower Susquehanna Riverkeeper. He has held this position since 2005. As part of his advocacy and enforcement efforts, he has used physical and chemical monitoring of streams in agricultural areas to assess pollution contributions from individual facilities to our waterways.

[126] Partnering with Watershed Organizations to Produce Tributary-Specific Report Cards

SaraPowell

NOABSTRACTSUBMITTED

[127] Partnership in Stream Monitoring - Loudon County, Virginia

DavidWard

NOABSTRACTSUBMITTED

[127] Meeting Community Needs: Developing Partnerships Between Local Governments and Volunteer Water Monitors

ChrisFrench

NOABSTRACTSUBMITTED

Stream Water Temperature

[129] Maryland’s Temperature Criteria:

AdamRettigMDESciencesServicesAdministrationBaltimore,Marylandarettig@mde.state.md.us

WaterQualityStandardsarecomprisedofthreemainparts:1.DesignatedUse(goalforawaterbody);2.Criteriatosupportthedesignateduse;and3.AntidegradationPolicy.InMaryland,temperaturecriteriaareinplacetosupportandprotectaquaticlifeusesand,inonecase,arecreationaluse.Non-tidalwarmwaterstreamsandallofthetidalwatersinMaryland(UseIandUseIIrespectively)haveatemperaturecriterionappropriateforprotectingaquaticspeciestolerantofrelativelywarmwater.TwootherdesignatedusesinMarylandhavetemperaturecriterioninplacetoprotecttroutaswellasrecreationaltroutfishing(UseIIIandUseIVrespectively).Inallcases,thecriteriaiswrittenfor,anddirectlyusedas,dischargelimitationsforpermits.Becauseofthis,assessingwhetherthedesignateduseisbeingsupportedhasbeenchallenging.Methodsforsamplingandanalyzingstreamtemperaturewereneeded.Inaddition,Marylandrecognizedtheneedtoestablishwrittenprotocolsfordeterminingtheappropriatedesignateduseofwaterbodies.Tohelpmeettheseneeds,theMarylandDepartmentoftheEnvironment(MDE)hasenlistedtheaidandexpertiseofMarylandDepartmentofNaturalResources(DNR)staff.Theresultsoftheirfindingswillprovideamethodologyforre-designatingwaterbodiestousesthatmoreappropriatelycharacterizetheuniquebiologicalassemblagesandtheircorrespondingtemperatureregimes.Inaddition,thisworkwillestablishamethodologyforassessinguseattainmentforthepurposesoftheIntegratedReport.

Adam received his BS at Frostburg State University in Fisheries and Wildlife Management and an MS at the University of Missouri-Columbia in fisheries ecology, with a focus on watershed impacts on stream function. He has been working for the state of MD for 5 years. He started as the “Corsica Guy” for MDE, and then moved to Water Quality Standards Development. Prior to MDE, Adam worked for 2 years as biologist for Tetra Tech’s Ecological Services Division in Owings Mills. Adam is interested in restoring and conserving aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and researching, monitoring, and managing the effects of land use activities on structure and function of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems; and encouraging connectivity between natural resources and the public through recreation and sensible use. Adam grew up in Waynesboro, PA (3 miles north of the Mason-Dixon Line), along the banks of the East Branch of the Antietam. So with the exception of his time in Missouri, he has spent his entire life boating, biking, hunting, hiking, fishing, and working in ecosystems familiar to Maryland.

[130] Thermal Regimes of Maryland’s Non-Tidal Streams

RobertH.HilderbrandUniversityofMarylandCenterforEnvironmentalScienceAppalachianLaboratory301BraddockRd.Frostburg,MD21532301-689-7141Hilderbrand@al.umces.edu

TemperaturedataforstreamssampledbytheMarylandBiologicalStreamSurvey(MBSS)wereusedtoderivethermalregimesforMaryland’snon-tidalstreams.CharacteristicsoftheState’sUseClassesIandIVstreamswerequitevariableanddifficulttorelatetobioticcondition.ThermalcharacteristicsofUseClassIIIstreamswerealwayscolderonaveragethanotherUseClassstreams,andtheirattributescloselyparalleledthoseoftrout-bearingstreamsintheMBSSdatabase.Despitetheircoolertemperatures,asubstantialnumberofthesecoldwaterstreamshadmaximumtemperaturesabove24C,andasmallpercentagehaddailyaveragetemperaturesexceeding20C.Therewasalsoastrongassociationbetweenhighertemperaturesandlowerfishabundancesintrout-bearingstreams.Shouldstreamtemperaturesincrease,manyexistingtroutstreamsinMarylandmayexceedthermalmaxima.Therewasstrongevidencethatincreasingtheamountofimpervioussurfaceareaorurbanizationinthewatershedincreasesstreamtemperatures.Theresultssuggestthaturbanizedstreamsmaybeagoodanalogforfuturetemperatureincreasesshouldclimatechangeoccur.

Robert Hilderbrand is an associate professor at the Appalachian Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science in Frostburg, MD. His main research interests revolve around the conservation and management of fish and benthic macroinvetrebrates in headwater streams.

[131] Improving the Thermal Protection for Maryland Streams: Getting the Most Out of Designated Uses

MichaelKashiwagiMarylandDNRMonitoringandNon-tidalAssessment580TaylorAvenue,C-2Annapolis,MD21401

Co-author:TonyProchaska(MarylandDept.ofNaturalResources)

TheMarylandDepartmentofNaturalResources(MDNR),workingwithMarylandDepartmentoftheEnvironment(MDE),hasundertakenanextensivereviewofcurrentdesignateduses(listedinCodeofMarylandRegulations,Section26.08.02.02)todetermineifallnon-tidalstreamsandriversinMarylandareaffordedadequatethermalprotection.Usingexistingfishandtemperaturedata(2000–2008)collectedat1076MarylandBiologicalStreamSurvey(MBSS)sitesandrecentlycollecteddata(2009-10)fromtargetedstreamefforts,MDNRhasrecommendedthatmultiplestreamreachesintheYoughiogheny,Potomac,Patuxent,Patapsco,GunpowderandLowerSusquehannaRiverbasinsberedesignatedtomoreprotectiveuseclasses.Inaddition,MDNRhasanalyzedbenthicmacroinvertebrateandstreamtemperaturedatatoempiricallyderivealistoftemperaturesensitiveindicatororganisms,otherthantrout,thatcanbeusedtoidentifycoldwaterstreamsinMaryland.Wewillpresentthemethodsusedtoidentifycoldwaterbenthicmacroinvertebratetaxa,provideinformationontheecologyoftheseorganisms,anddiscusshowtheseindicatorsmaybeusedinMarylandtoprotectothercoldwaterhabitatsthatcurrentlydonotsupporttrout,butshouldbeaffordedadditionalthermalprotection.

Michael Kashiwagi is a Natural Resources Biologist working for the MDNR. Originally from Montgomery County, Michael has been working for the agency for the past four years. Prior to returning to Maryland, he work for the Massachusetts Division of Fish and Game conducting fisheries research on watershed community models. He has a Masters Degree in Wildlife and Fisheries Science from Mississippi State University.

[132] Tailwater Trout Management in Maryland. Where Did All the Cold Water Go?

CharlieGougeonMarylandDNRFisheriesService–Inland17400AnnapolisRockRoadWoodbine,MD21797(410)442-2080or(301)854-6060cgougeon@dnr.state.md.us

Coldwaterreleasesoriginatingfromdeepwaterimpoundmentspresentaveryuniqueandspecializedopportunityforthedevelopmentandmanagementofcoldwatertroutpopulations.MarylandFisheriesServicecurrentlymanagesseventailwatersthroughoutthestate.Eachoneofthempresentsacascadeofindividualconflictsandchallengesinsearchingforandarrivingatabalancetomeettheconflictingandoftencompetingneedsofwatermanagersandrecreationiststosecureadequatewatersupplyandthecoldwaterstoragenecessarytosupportaqualitycoldwatertroutfishery.Sincetroutrequirewatertemperaturesthatgenerallystayatorbelow68ºF,asustainablecoldwaterreserveisakeyelementinthedevelopmentandmaintenanceofaviablewildtroutpopulation.AbriefdiscussionofMaryland’sseventailwaterswillintroducetheaudiencetoadiversearrayofcompetingusesandstrategiesthathavebeenemployedtobalancethedistributionofavery“limited”amountofcoldwater.Managementofeachtailwaterrequiresabalancingactinordertomeetandresolveissuesrelatingtotheneedtoprovidepotablewatersupplies,hydropowergeneration,whitewaterreleases,poolelevationcontrol,minimumflowmaintenance,floodcontrol,waterqualityabatement,andmuchmore!SeveralofMaryland’sbiggestandbestwildtroutwatersarecharacterizedascoldtailwaterhabitats.Escalatingcompetitionforwatersupplybecomesmorechallengingdaily,andinsomecases,itisclearthateverincreasingwaterdemandswillonedaythreatenthefutureofsomeofourmostimportantandbestknowntailwatertroutfisheries. Charlie has worked for the Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Inland Fisheries Unit for more than thirty-one years. He has helped de-velop and manage many of the MD trout tailwaters. He currently serves as Inland Fisheries Regional Operations Manager.

[133] Thermal Regime and Stream Characteristics in the Prettyboy Reservoir Watershed

DennisGenitoBaltimoreCountyDepartmentofEnvironmentalProtectionandSustainability105WestChesapeakeAvenue,Suite400Towson,MD21204(410)887-4488ext.243dgenito@baltimorecountymd.gov

BaltimoreCounty,CarrollCounty,andMarylandDNRmonitoredwaterandairtemperaturesinstreamsflowingthroughavarietyoflandusetypeswithinthePrettyboyReservoirWatershed.Concurrently,thefishcommunitiesweresampled,withthefocusonnativebrooktrout.Asexpected,fishcommunitiesofcoldstreamandwarmstreamsdiffered.Streamswithbrooktrouthadlowermeanandmaximumdailytemperaturesthanstreamswithoutbrooktrout.Colderstreamshadmoreforestcoverthanwarmerstreams.Physicalhabitatwasmoreintactincolderstreamsthaninwarmerstreams.Severalstationswereclassifiedashigh,medium,andlowbrooktroutdensities,andweresampledannuallyforthreeyearstodocumentthestabilityofthebrooktroutpopulations.Brooktroutdensityvariedannually,andwasrelatedtoairandwatertemperatureandprecipitationpatterns.

Dennis has managed the biological and geomorphological sampling programs at the Baltimore County Department of Environmental Protection and Sustainability since 2007. He is responsible for benthic and fish field data collection and analysis, and is the primary macroinvertebrate tax-onomist. He also collects and analyzes cross-sectional and longitudinal profile data for stream restoration projects in Baltimore County.

Poster Abstracts

Sampling Freshwater Stream Benthic Macroinvertebrates: Does Habitat Selection Really Matter?

DanielBowardMarylandDNRAnnapolis,Maryland

Co-Authors:MichaelKashiwagi(MarylandDepartmentofNaturalResources)andKascieHerron(SassafrasRiverAssociation)

Manyvolunteerstreammonitoringprogramsusebenthicmacroinvertebratesasindicatorsofstreamhealth.Propertrainingandqualitycontrolareessentialforthesuccessofsuchprograms.Evenwithrigoroustraining,questionsremainaboutvolunteers’abilitytounderstandandfollowpropersamplingprotocols.MarylandStreamWaders’volunteersaretrainedtosamplebenthicmacroinvertebratesinmultiplestreamhabitatsincludingrifflesandwoodydebris.Thesehabitatsaretobesampledinproportiontotheiroccurrenceinthesamplesite.ToevaluatesampledifferencesandtheresponseofthefamilylevelBenthicIndexofBioticIntegrity(BIBI),weintentionallysampledhabitatsincorrectlyintwohighandtwolowqualitystreams.NMSplotsshowthatcommunitiesfromhealthyandunhealthystreamsaredifferentregardlessofhabitatsampled.Referencesamples,collectedaccordingtoprotocol,fallbetweentheall-riffleandall-woodsamples.Althoughcertainmetricsscorehigherinreferencesamples,BIBIresultsarecomparableamongriffleandwoodsamplesinbothstreamtypes.ThissuggeststhattherobustnessoftheBIBImayaccommodatefortheimproperselectionofsampledhabitats.

Dan Boward has a B.S. in Zoology from the University of Maryland College Park and a M.S. in Environmental Science and Policy from Johns Hopkins University. Dan joined the Maryland Department of Natural Resources’ Maryland Biological Stream Survey (MBSS) in 1995. In addition to his work with DNR, he teaches part time in graduate programs at Johns Hopkins University and Towson University.

Water Quality Monitoring in the Rock Creek Park in the District of Columbia

AntoniaDavidsonCollegeofAgriculture,UrbanSustainabilityandEnvironmentalSciences4200ConnecticutAvenue,N.W.Building42,Room111WashingtonDC20008240-988-1458antonia.davidson@udc.edu

Co-Authors:RachelPerry(CollegeofAgriculture,UrbanSustainabilityandEnvironmentalSciences)andTolessaDeksissa(CollegeofAgriculture,UrbanSustainabilityandEnvironmentalSciences)

Monitoringwaterqualityinsurfacewatersisimportantbecauseofitsimpacttohumanandenvironmentalhealth.RockCreek,locatedwithintheDistrictofColumbia,isoneofthetributariesofAnacostiaRiverthatissubjectedtoCombinedSewerOverflow(CSO)andotherseriouseffectsofstormwater,includingerosionandfertilizerrunofffromfields.Previousstudiesin2007haveshownthatduringstormeventstheconcentrationsofnitrateandBODdecreasedandtheconcentrationsofphosphateandfecalcoliformincrease.ThisstudywilldemonstratewhetheranyoftheproposedmeansofstormwatercontrolhavebeenenactedandCSOsimproved.Theobjectiveofthisstudywastodetermineiftherehadbeenanysignificantchangesinwaterquality.Twosamplesetsweretaken,oneafterarainfalleventandoneduringdryweather.Thesamplesweretestedforphosphate,FecalColiform,andBOD.Thefindingsandconclusionsofthestudywillbedemonstratedinthisposterpresentation.

Rapid Stream Restoration Monitoring Protocol

SandraDavisU.S.FishandWildlifeServiceChesapeakeBayFieldOffice177AdmiralCochraneDriveAnnapolis,MD21401410-573-4576sandra_davis@fws.gov

Inrecentyears,therehasbeenastrongemphasisbytherestorationcommunitytoevaluatethesuccessoftheirstreamrestorationprojects.Restorationmonitoringiscriticalinassessingtheachievementofrestorationobjective(s),improvingrestorationsciencetoimprovefuturerestorationprojects,andevaluatingbenefitstoFederalTrustResourcesandotherspeciesofconcern.However,timeandfinancialconstraintsoftenhinderopportunitiesforrestorationprojectmonitoring.TheU.S.FishandWildlifeService,ChesapeakeBayFieldOffice

(Service)developedarapidstreamrestorationmonitoringprotocoltopromotemonitoringbyreducingthefinancialandtimedemandsnecessarytoevaluatethesuccessofaproject.

Theprotocolisathree-tieredstreamrestorationmonitoringmethodologytoevaluatethestabilityandfunctionalsuccessofstreamrestorationprojectsthatuseanaturalchanneldesignapproach.Atthistime,theServicehasonlypreparedprotocolsforthefirsttiersurvey.Thefirsttierisarapidmonitoringsurveythatvisuallyevaluatesthestabilityandqualitativefunctionalsuccessoftherestorationproject.Thepurposeofthefirsttieristovisuallyevaluatethestabilityandfunctionalsuccessofarestorationproject.Itconsistsofsevenmaincomponents:A)bankfulldetermination,B)limitsofinvestigation,C)rapidstreamrestorationmonitoringform,D)evaluationparameterdefinitions,E)monitoringprocedures,F)limitedstreammeasurements,andG)monitoring/restorationthresholds.Althoughitreliesprimarilyonobservation,thistiercaneffectivelyevaluatethesuccessofaprojectandprovideconsistentandcomparableresults/recommendationswhenimplementedbyanexperiencedandpreparedevaluator.Thecriteriafordeterminingwhethertorecommendadditionalmonitoring(i.e.secondtier)orrestorationrepair(i.e.thirdtier)aretheseverityoftheimpactandthepotentialconsequencesoftheimpact.

Iftheimpactislocalizedanddoesnotposeasignificantthreattothesuccessorfunctionoftherestoration,thesecondtiersurveycanbeimplemented.Duringthesecondtiersurvey,theServiceproposesthatprojectevaluatorsestablishmonumentedsurveystodeterminethetrendofinstabilityandtocomparetheexistingstreamconditionstotheproposeddesigncriteriaandreferencedatatodetermineifremediationisrequired.Thethirdtiersurveyshouldbeperformediftheimpactiswidespreadandposesasignificantthreattothesuccessorfunctionoftherestorationandrestorationrepairisrequired.Ifremediationisrequired,thethirdtiersurveyincludesrestorationdesignandimplementation.

Establishing a Baseline of Critical Data Impacting Brook Trout at Catoctin Mountain Park

LindseyDonaldsonNationalParkService6602FoxvilleRoadThurmont,MD21788301-416-0536Lindsey_Donaldson@NPS.gov

Co-Authors:StephenFrederickson(ShepherdUniversity)andAmandaWobbleton(HoodCollege)

Thepurposeofthisstudyistoprovideinformationtowardsthedevelopmentofthebestmanagementstrategyoftheaquaticresourcesinthepark,particularlythetemperaturesensitivespeciesbrooktroutSalvelinusfontinalis.CatoctinMountainParkisdividedintotwobasicwatershedsthatfeedintoeitherOwen’sCreekorBigHuntingCreek,bothofwhichhavenative,naturallyreplenishedbrooktroutpopulations.Throughoutthestudyperiod,atotaloftensitesrecordedairtemperature,streamtemperature,andwaterleveldataat15minuteintervalstomaximizethequantityandqualityofthereadings.Backgroundwaterqualityreadingsweretakentoensurenoothervariablehashadasignificanteffectonthetroutpopulations.CoupledwithprecipitationinformationandGISanalysis,thisdatahasisolatedspecificareasofeachcreekthathavealreadyexceededthethresholdforbrooktroutsurvivalandareinneedofrestorationefforts(riparianplanting,etc.).Thisstudyhasgivendetailedinformationtowardstheeffectofprecipitationandlandmanagementonstreamtemperatureand,inturn,howtemperaturehasalteredthepopulationwithinthepark.ClimatechangeispredictedtoextirpateallbrooktroutfromFrederickCounty(andmostofMaryland),andnowscenarioscanbepredictedusingthestream-reachspecificdatatoisolateareasoffutureconcern.

Abiotic and Biotic Stream Conditions within Maryland Protected Areas: Do Parks act as Effective Filters of Water Quality?

JohnFitzJohnsHopkinsUniversity3903SpruellCourtKensington,Maryland240-338-2172

Thewaterqualityandecologicalconditionsofheadwaterstreamscanbegreatlyinfluencedbythesurroundinglandscapefeatures.Protectedareasareoneimportanttypeofanthropogeniclandusethathasbeenshowntoeffectivelyconserveterrestrialspeciesdiversity.Theeffectivenessofhowprotectedareasinfluenceaquaticsystemsisnotwellunderstood,however.Therelationshipthatexistsbetweenprotectedarealanduseandstreamconditionswasexploredinthisstudytodetermineifandhowparksinfluencedtheabioticandbioticfactorsofstreamecosystems.Landscapefeaturessurroundingsamplingsiteswithin148protectedareasacrossthreephysiographicregionsofMarylandwerecomparedtoadjacentsitesinunprotectedareas.TheMarylandBiologicalStreamSurveydatasetwasthenexaminedtocharacterizethewaterqualityofbothprotectedandadjacentunprotectedstreamsites.Waterchemistry,nutrients,andbiologicalassemblagesofprotectedstreamswerecomparedstatisticallytoadjacentandsimilarunprotectedstreamsitestodeterminetheeffectiveness

ofprotectedareasforaquaticsystemswithintheparkboundaries.Withinprotectedareas,associationsbetweenlanduseandwaterqualitywerefurtherexploredatthreespatialscalestodeterminethetypeandstrengthoftheserelationships.Thethreespatialscalesinthisstudyincludedwatershed(upstreamcatchmentarea),riparianbuffer,andin-streamhabitat.Theparksiteswerefoundtocontainsignificantlygreaterforestedareaandsignificantlylessurbanandagriculturalareacomparedtounprotectedsamplingsites.Streamswithinprotectedareasalsorevealedsignificantdifferencesformanynutrientandbiotametrics,butwaterqualityresponseexhibitedconsiderablevariationacrossgeographicalregions.ProtectedareasoftheAppalachianPlateauregiondemonstratedthehighestdegreeofwaterqualitydifferences.Theseresultswouldsuggestthatprotectedareascansignificantlyimprovewaterqualityandecologicalconditionsinregionscontainingminimallyimpactedlanduses,butarelessabletoovercomedegradationtoimprovestreamconditionsinregionscontainingintensivehumanlanduses.Implicationsoftheseresultsincludeadditionalunderstandingoftheimportanceofprotectedareasasconservationstrategiesandoffersnewlandscape-waterqualityanalysisthatincludesaprotectedareacontext.

John is a high school biology and environmental science (AP) teacher at Thomas Wootton High School, in Montgomery County, Maryland. Throughout his teaching career, he has made local environmental and conservation issues a high priority by working with numerous agencies and organizations that help students get involved with the issues. He recently finished a Master of Science program in Environmental Sciences and Policy (Ecological Management Concentration) at the Johns Hopkins University, which led him to pursue his independent research thesis in the area of stream ecology and landscape ecology throughout the state of Maryland. He lives in Kensington, Maryland with his wife and two daughters.

Comparing Macroinvertebrate Field Collection Devices and Identification Level for Assessing Stream Health

CassandraL.FlemmingDepartmentofBiology,KutztownUniversity21965StonewallDriveMacungie,PA18062610-366-1444cflem630@live.kutztown.edu

Co-Authors:AllisonH.Roy(DepartmentofBiology,KutztownUniversity)

Rapidbiologicalassessmentsareacostandtimeefficientwaytoassessthehealthofstreams.Wherevolunteermonitoringincorporatesbiologicalassessment,themostcommonapproachismacroinvertebratesamplingandidentificationinthefield.TheMaidenCreekWatershedAssociationisavolunteer-based,non-profitorganizationthathasrecentlyadoptedrapidmacroinvertebrateassessmentsusingakicknettoassessstreamhealth,inadditiontochemicalmonitoring.Theobjectivesofthisstudyweretocompare:(1)thekicknettoamorequantitativeSurbersampler,and(2)fieldidentificationtolabidentificationtodeterminethemostaccuratewayofassessingstreamhealth.TheMaidenCreekWatershedislocatedincentraleasternPAanddrainsintotheDelawareRiverBasin.InApril2011,wesampledwaterquality(temperature,dissolvedoxygen,conductivity,pH,nitrate,andturbidity)andmacroinvertebrates(kicknetandSurbernetinrifflehabitats)ineightstreamswitharangeofforestlandcover(5-75%).Macroinvertebrateswereidentifiedtoorderinthefield,andSurbersampleswerere-identifiedtofamilylevelinthelabandenumerated.Whencomparingthefieldcollectiondevices,taxarichnessvaluesweresignificantlyhigherforthekicknet(14.1±1.3)thantheSurbernet(9.9±0.8),suggestingthatakicknetisbetteriftheobjectiveofthestudyistocapturethehighestmacroinvertebratebiodiversity.WhencomparingtheSurbersamplesidentifiedinthefieldandlab,thetoleranceindex,richness,abundance,anddensityweresignificantlyhigherinthelab,reflectingthetaxathataremissedduringfieldsortingwithoutamicroscope.TheSurbersampleidentifiedinthelabwasbetterabletodistinguishsitesbasedonlandcoverintermsofrichness(r2=0.47),thanthekicknet(r2=0.43)orSurbernet(r2=0.01)whenidentifiedinthefield.Thus,theSurberisthemostaccuratemethodforassessingthehealthofastream,butonlywheninconjunctionwithlabanalysis,whichmaynotbefeasibleinvolunteermonitoringprograms.Regardlessofthemethodusedforcollectionoridentification,thepollutiontoleranceindexvalue,whichdoesnotincorporateabundancesoftaxa,ratednearlyallstreamsasexcellentwaterquality,eventhoughlandcoverandwaterqualityindicatedpoorerqualitystream.Well-testedmetricsthatassessrichnessandabundance(e.g.,totalrichness;Shannondiversity;relativeabundanceofEphemeroptera,Plecoptera,andTrichoptera)maybebetterforassessingstreamhealth.

Cassie Flemming graduated in May from Kutztown University with a B.S. in Environmental Science. While at Kutztown, she was co-President of the Environmental Action Club and participated in numerous volunteer activities. She is currently working for Lutron Electronics and is looking into employment in the field of ecology. The research she will be presenting was part of her senior research project at Kutztown.

A Tool to Evaluate the Health of Streams and Rivers within the Chesapeake Bay Watershed

KatieForeman,UniversityofMarylandCenterforEnvironmentalScienceChesapeakeBayProgramOffice410SevernAvenueSuite112Annapolis,MD21403

410-267-9837kforeman@chesapeakebay.net

Co-Authors:ClaireBuchanan(InterstateCommissiononthePotomacRiverBasin),AdamGriggs(InterstateCommissiononthePotomacRiverBasin)andJacquelineJohnson(InterstateCommissiononthePotomacRiverBasin)

TheChesapeakeBayProgramanditspartnersdevelopedabenthicindexofbioticintegrity(“ChessieB-IBI”)thatprovidesaregionalassessmentofthehealthofthestreamsandriversintheChesapeakeBaywatershed.Morethantwentystate,federal,andlocalmonitoringprogramscollectbenthicmacroinvertebratesamplesinthe64,000squaremileChesapeakeBaywatershed.Theseprogramsusesomewhatsimilarfieldmethodsandcalculateacommonsuiteofindicatorsfromthedata.Thechallengeisthateachprogramusesdifferentprotocolstoscoreandevaluatetheseindicatorsinordertoassesswatersforregulatorypurposes.TheobjectiveoftheChessieB-IBIistoevaluatenon-tidalbenthiccommunityhealthinauniformmannerandinthecontextoftheentireChesapeakeBaywatershed.Thisapproachincorporatesthedataintoanoverallwatershed-wideB-IBIthatstandardizestheindicatorsatthefamilylevel.

TheChessieB-IBIwasapplied7,886locationsassociatedwithrandomorsystematicsamplingdesignstoevaluatesmallandmoderate-sizedwatershedsforthe9-yearperiodof2000–2008.Byusingonlyrandomorsystematicsites,B-IBIscorescanbeaveragedacrossalargewatershedareawithoutintroducingbiasassociatedwithsamplingdesignsthattargetareaswithknowndegradedorhighqualitywaters.Resultsshowedthatofthe7,886locations,13.9%ratedExcellent,13.0%ratedGood,18.5%ratedFair,15.2%ratedPoor,and39.4%ratedVeryPoor.

VariationintheChessieB-IBIcanbelinkedtoland-basedactivitiesinindividualwatersheds.Thebeststreamcommunitiestendtobeinforestedareaswithlittlelanddisturbance,lowlevelsofpollution,andundisturbedin-streamandstreamsidehabitat.Theworststreamcommunitiesusuallyoccurinwatershedswithhighlevelsofurbanization,agricultureandminingactivities.Streamsintheseareasarecompromisedbyextremelanddisturbance,highlevelsofpollution,alteredwaterflow,andpoorquantityandqualityofstreamsidevegetation.Themostimportantimplicationofthismethodisthattheresultscanbecomparedacrossjurisdictionalboundaries.Assuch,theChessieB-IBIisanexampleofatoolthatcanbedevelopedtostandardizeandutilizemulti-jurisdictionaldataforregionalwaterqualityassessments.TheresultsfromthisB-IBIwillhelpmanagersandwatershedgroupsfocuseffortstorestorestreamsneedingimprovementandprotectthequalityofthehealthieststreams.FutureworkwillfocusoncalculatingchangesinChessieB-IBIscoresovertimefromasubsetofconsistentlysampledsitesinordertoassesscommunityhealthinresponsetorestorationandprotectionactivities.

Katie Foreman has been the non-tidal water quality analyst for the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science at the U.S. EPA Chesapeake Bay Program Office since 2007. She coordinates the non-tidal water quality workgroup at the Bay Program where she heads teams of state, federal, and local partners to coordinate the monitoring and assessment of the health the Chesapeake Bay watershed. She is an Iowa native, where she received her undergraduate and graduate degrees in geography from the University of Iowa and worked for 7 years as a water quality specialist at the Iowa Department of Natural Resources. Most recently, her work focuses on developing indicators of health of streams and rivers within the Chesapeake Bay watershed.

Assessment of Diadromous Fish Presence and Extent around Bloede Dam on the Patapsco River

WilliamHarboldNaturalResourcesBiologistC-2TawesStateOfficeBuilding580TaylorAvenueAnnapolis,MD21403410-260-8682wharbold@dnr.md.state.us

TheMarylandBiologicalStreamSurvey(MBSS)isinvestigatingthepresenceandextentofdiadromousfishspeciesaroundBloedeDamonthePatapscoRivernearEllicottCity,Maryland.Theworkispartofalargerscalemonitoringeffortcoincidentwiththeremovaloftwootherdamsontheriver-ajointprojectwithAmericanRivers,theMarylandDNRFisheriesService,andNOAA.Twodams,UnionandSimkins,havealreadybeenremovedandthefeasibilityofremovingBloedeDamiscurrentlybeinginvestigated.OfparticularinterestinthisinvestigationisBloedeDam’sfunctionasamigrationbarrier,asitisthefirstmajorobstacleencounteredbyfishmovingupstreamfromtheChesapeakeBay.Afishladderwasinstalledin1992anddatacollectedatthetimeshowedsmallnumbersofAmericanshad,sealampreys,andbluebackherringusingthestructuresoonafteritscompletion.Nomoredatahadbeencollectedsincethattime,leavingthecurrentstatusoftheseandotherdiadromousfish,aswellasthefunctionalityoftheladder,largelyunknown.TofillinthegapstheMBSSbeganatargetedmonitoringeffortfordiadromousfishusingelectrofishingequipmentandafykenetatfoursitesdownstreamfromBloedeDamandonesiteupstreamduringspring2011.Samplingoccurredweeklyfrom6April2011to12May2011.Sevenspeciesofdiadromousfishwerecollectedatthefoursitesbelowthedam,butonlytwoofthose,Americaneelsandsealampreys,werealsocollectedabovethedam.ThisabsenceaboveBloedeDamofover70%ofthediadromousspeciesobservedinthePatapscoRiverindicatesthatthe

fishladderisnolongerfunctioninginthecapacityforwhichitwasoriginallydesigned,suggestingthedamiscurrentlyanimpassablebarrierforthemajorityoffishtryingtomigrateupstream.

William Harbold graduated from the State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry in Syracuse, NY with a B.S. in conservation biology in May 2010. He has been working as a biologist for the Maryland Biological Stream Survey since June 2010.

Pre-settlement Habitat Stability and Post-Settlement Burial of a Tussock Sedge (Carex stricta) Wetland in a Maryland Piedmont River Valley

WilliamHilgartnerJohnsHopkinsUniversityandFriendsSchoolofBaltimore137HopkinsRd.Baltimore,MD21212410377-6062hilgartner@jhu.edu

Co-Authors:DorothyMerritts(FranklinandMarshallCollege)andRobertWalters(FranklinandMarshallCollege)andMichaelRahnis(FranklinandMarshallCollege)

Ancient,buriedsedge-dominatedwetlandsindark,organic-richdepositshavebeendiscoveredrecentlyatthebaseofriverbanksinthePiedmontofMarylandandsoutheasternPennsylvania.Littleisknownhowlongthesewetlandspersistedatanyonelocation,although14Cdatesvaryingfrom10,500ybpto300ybpindicatethattheyflourishedthroughmuchoftheHolocene.Inthisstudy,apaleoecologicalanalysisofmacrofossilseedsandcharcoalfromacore(LFC1)extractedfromanorganic-richriverbankstratum0.54cmthickwascombinedwithgeomorphicdataandarecordofhistoricallandusetoprovidea5000-yrhistoryofarivervalleywetlandsiteinnorth-centralMaryland.AnalysisofLFC1showsthatatriadofdominantCarexspecies(C. stricta, C. stipata, and C. scoparia)occurredfrom4300ybpto~300ybp,indicatingatussocksedgewetlandpersistedunchangedfor4000years,despitemajorstormevents,regionalbeaveractivity,fire,andanthropogenicdisturbances.Aspikeincharcoalaround4,000ybpindicatesanintenseperiodoffirewithinthewatershedduringanextendeddryperiod,butnosignificantchangeoccurredinthewetland.Burialofthewetlandoccurredrapidlyinthelate18thandearly19thcenturieswhen1-2mofsiltandclaysedimentfromlandclearanceaccumulatedinmillpondsbehinddownstreamdams.Eventualbreachingofthemilldamscreatedanincised,high-bankedmeanderingchannel,exposingthepost-settlementlacustrinesediment,paleo-wetlandlayer,periglacialbasalgravels,andvalleybedrock.Tofurtherunderstandtheenvironmentindicatedbythefossilseedrecord,astudyofspeciescompositionfromseedsinsurfacesampleswithinalocalmoderntussocksedgewetlandwasundertaken.Analysisofseedsinquadratsrevealedthat97%ofseedsfallwithina5mradiusofthesourceplants.Hence,seedsinasedimentsamplecanrepresentimportantplantspecieswithinan“80-m2quadrat(r=5m)andthataseriesofcoresamplescanrepresentan“80-m2quadrat-through-time”.AnanalysisofSorenson’sSimilarityIndicesofseedspeciesbetweensurfacesamplesprovidedaquantitativemeasureofhabitatstability;aseriesofindices>0.40insequentialcoresampleswouldindicatehabitatstabilitythroughtime.FossilseedsinLF1producedarunningSorenson’sindexaverageof0.58(range=0.40–0.82),thusconfirmingquantitativelythe4000-yrperiodofstabilityinthetussocksedgewetland.Basedonthegroundlevelsaturationofthewatertablethatcharacterizesmoderntussocksedgewetlands,thehydrologicregimeofthepaleo-wetlandmusthavebeenprimarilyspring-fedfromthevalleywall,ratherthanfromoverbankflowfromariverchannelmeander.Thisassumptionisfurthersupportedbytheabsenceofpaleo-channels.TheseresultshaveimportantimplicationsforotherPiedmontrivervalleywetlandsregardingpre-settlementwetlandbiodiversity,streamrestoration,andcausalfactorsinthedeclineoftheendangeredbogturtle(Clemmys muhlenbergii).

Restoring Stream Habitat in Watts Branch, Washington D.C.: Challenges of Improving Diversity and Function in Urban Stream Systems

BenHutzellUSFish&WildlifeServiceChesapeakeBayFieldOfficeCoastalProgram:StreamHabitatAssessmentandRestoration177AdmiralCochraneDriveAnnapolis,MD21401(410)573-4581Ben_Hutzell@fws.gov

Urbanizationisoneoftheleadingcausesofstreamdegradationwhichincludeswide-spreadbankinstabilityandlossofcriticalaquatichabitat.Avarietyofchallengesarisewhentryingtoaddresshabitatconcernsinurbanareas.Stormwaterconveyanceandcapacityaretypicallythedrivingfactorsbehindurbanrestorationwithlittleornoconsiderationgiventoaquatichabitatorbiologicfunction.Usingnaturalchanneldesignconcepts,itispossibletocontrolurbaninducedrunoffwithastable,self-maintainingstreamchannelthatalsoprovidesnecessaryaquatichabitat.ThiscasestudyforurbanstreamrestorationfocusesonWattsBranchinWashingtonD.C.Thisprojectis

theresultofacollaborative,multi-agencyefforttorestorenearly11,000-ftofWattsBranch,atributarytotheAnacostiaRiver.Pool-Rifflesequences,vitaltoaquatichabitat,werereintroducedintoasystemthatsufferedfromextremeincisionandentrenchmentcausedbydenseurbandevelopmentaswellasmultipleutilitycrossingsandotherinfrastructure.Avarietyofchallengeswerefacedduringboththedesignandimplementationprocessduetotheseurbanconstraints.Considerationshadtobegiventoexistinginfrastructureaswellasproposed.ThisprojecthelpsmeetobjectivessetbythePresidentsUrbanWatershedInitiativeaswellasUSFish&WildlifeServicestrategicplans.

Reinvigoration and Expansion of the Teaching Collection at an Urban HBCU

RobJavonilloDepartmentofNaturalSciencesCoppinStateUniversity2500W.NorthAve.Baltimore,MD21216(410)951-4121rjavonillo@coppin.edu

CoppinStateUniversityisaHistoricallyBlackCollege/University(HBCU)inBaltimore,Maryland.Manyoftheuniversity’sundergraduatesarefromdisadvantagedbackgroundsandhavelimitedexposuretothebiodiversityfoundoutsidetheurbanecosystemsoftheBaltimore-Washingtonmetropolitanarea.Ichthyologistsandherpetologistswilllikelyagreethatphotographs,illustrations,andvideofootagearesometimesinsufficientsubstitutesforthetactilelearningexperiencesofexaminingspecimens.Thusthegoalofthisprojectistoreplacethesmall,long-neglectedcollectionofzoologicalmaterialintheuniversity’sDepartmentofNaturalSciences.Coursesthatarecurrentlyoffered(e.g.,GeneralZoology,VertebrateStructure)orothercoursesthatmaybeofferedatCoppininthefuture,suchasBiologyofFishesorMarineBiology,wouldincorporateuseofpreservedmaterials.Studentswillperformspecialpreparations(e.g.,clearingandstaining,tissuesectioning,DNAextraction)whenfeasible.Suchexerciseswillreinforcetheassertionthatorganismalbiologyisadynamic,integrativebranchofscience.Donationsofsmall(<0.5mtotallength)specimensand/orappropriatecontainerswillbegladlyaccepted,evenwhenlocalitydataareunavailableforspecimens.Formalin-fixed,alcohol-preservedanimalsareespeciallyappreciated.Anopen-sourcesoftwarepackageforcollections,suchasCollectionSpace,CollectiveAccess,orMadrona,willbeusedtomanagedata.Attainingtheprojectgoalwillgreatlyimprovethelearningenvironmentforapopulationofminoritystudentsthatisunderrepresentedinbiology.

Dr. Javonillo was recently appointed an Assistant Professor at Coppin State University. His research interests are in the phylogenetics and reproductive biology of fishes, especially those of the family Characidae (tetras). He earned his B.A. from Boston University, his M.S. from the College of Charleston, and his Ph.D. from George Washington University.

Aquatic Macroinvertebrate Communities of Agricultural Drainage Ditches on Maryland’s Eastern Shore

AlanLeslieUniversityofMarylandDepartmentofEntomology4112PlantScienceBldg.CollegePark,MD20742(301)405-3952aleslie@umd.edu

Agriculturaldrainageditchesprovidearablelandbyremovingexcesswaterfromfieldsoils,andsecondarilyareengineeredtoimprovewaterqualitybypromotingbiogeochemicalprocessessuchasdenitrification.Ditchesarealsoaquatichabitatsthatmaybesignificantsourcesofbiodiversitywithinagriculturallandscapes.Weinvestigatedtherelationshipbetweentheaquaticmacroinvertebratecommunityandenvironmentalvariablesassociatedwithphysicalandbiogeochemicalprocessesthataffectwaterquality.Clusteranalysisandmultivariateordinationshowedthataquaticmacroinvertebratecommunitiesarenothomogeneousacrossallditches,andthatcommunitycompositionisprimarilyrelatedtophysicalhabitatvariablesandnotsoilorwaterchemistry.Physicalalterationofditchestopromotebiogeochemicalprocessesthatimprovewaterqualitymaychangethesuitabilityofditchesashabitatfordifferentaquaticspecies.Futureworkshouldbedonetodirectlyinvestigatewhetheragriculturalbestmanagementpracticesthatalterphysicalcharacteristicsofditcheschangethequalityofditchesashabitatforaquaticspecies.

Alan Leslie graduated with a bachelor’s of science in marine biology from the University of Maryland in 2003. He then continued at Maryland to pursue a Ph.D. in entomology with Dr. William Lamp as his advisor. He is currently in his fourth year of his doctorate program, working on his dissertation project investigating the effect of bioturbation by aquatic invertebrates on phosphorus dynamics in agricultural drainage ditch soils.

Effects of Channel Morphology on Floodplain Inundation and Surface-Groundwater Interactions in an Urban Watershed

DorotheaLundbergMEES-UniversityofMaryland,CollegePark11342CherryHillRd.#303BeltsvilleMD20705609.513.9792dotlundberg@gmail.com

Co-Authors:KarenPrestegaard(UniversityofMaryland-CollegePark)

Groundwaterandsurfacewaterconnectivityvarieswithindifferentphysiographiclandscapes.Understandingvariousparametersinfluencingconnectivityneedstobefurtherstudied.Thisstudywasconductedtodeterminethecontrollingfactorsofgroundwater-surfacewaterinteractionsinanurbanizedsystem.GroundwaterandsurfacewaterinteractionsinatributarylyinginsidetheAnacostiaWatershedwerestudiedfromJuly2009toAugust2010.TheLittlePaintBranchstudyreachconsistsofoffchannelfeaturesandactiveaccretionofgravelsbarsontothefloodplain.Topography,sedimentgrainsizeandhydraulicconductivity,groundwaterhead,andfloodplain/channelcharacteristicsweremeasured.Determinationofexchange,gaining,losing,andflow-through,withinthefloodplainandstreamchannelwereexamined.Constructionofprofilesrepresentinggroundwaterflowpathswerecreatedwithreflectionofscaleofinteraction,hyporheiczones,andoffchannelfeatures.Waterflowedfromthestreamintotheadjacentgravelbarsforthemostoftheyear.Evapotranspirationandtropicalstormsinfluencedseasonalreversalsinflowdirectionsbetweenthegravelbarandthefloodplain.Thisstudydemonstratestheinfluenceoffloodplainmorphologyandshallowsubsurfacesedimentsonthehydrologyoffloodplain-streaminteractions.

Dorothea Lundberg is a Ph.D. student in Marine Estuarine Environmental Science program at the University of Maryland. Her Masters of Science was from the same institution and program concentrating on groundwater surfacewater interactions between streams and floodplains. In continuation of her education she is pursuit of a Ph.D. in Ecohydrology with a project based on grid ditches on eastern shore Maryland focusing on hydrological impacts to the surrounding system.

Raising Trout in the Classroom

LeanneN.MalatGreenSchoolClubNorthwestMiddleSchool99KingsDriveTaneytown,MD21787410-751-3270

Co-Authors:Mr.ShelbySawyers(NorthwestMiddleSchool)

Duringthe2010-2011schoolyearNorthwestMiddleSchool’sGreenSchoolClubinconjunctionwithTroutintheClassrooms(TIC)andtheDepartmentofNaturalResources(DNR)participatedinraisingapproximately200Oncorynchusmykiss,commonlycalledrainbowtrout.Fromanenvironmentalstandpoint,troutareakeyindicatorspeciesforwaterquality.ImprovingandmonitoringlocalwaterqualityintheChesapeakeBaywatershedaretwoofthemainfociforourclub.TheeggsweredeliveredbyaTroutintheClassroomrepresentativeanditwastheresponsibilityoftheGreenSchoolClubmemberstoensurethatthetroutwereproperlyraisedandreleasedintoalocaltroutstream.ParameterssuchaspH,ammonialevels,temperature,anddissolvedoxygenlevelsweremeasuredandrecordedtoensureproperwaterqualityforthetrout.ResultscanthenbecomparedwithotherprogramsorourownannualprogramtoensuresustainabilityofhighqualityresearchfortheongoingTICmission.Northwest’sclubmemberswereextremelysuccessful,as182eggsweredeliveredand180troutwerereleasedintoatroutstreamasspecifiedbyDNR.Atthetimeofreleasethefishwereapproximatelytwotothreeinchesinlength.Theseresultsaresignificantbecauseconsistentlyhighsurvivabilityandnormalgrowthratesindicatethatthemethodsusedaresuccessfulforourprogram.

Leanne Malat is a 7th grade research student in the Green School Club at Northwest Middle School and Shelby Sawyers is her club advisor.

Current Status and Population Trends of Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in the Catoctin Mountains of Maryland

JohnMullicanMarylandDepartmentofNaturalResources:InlandFisheriesLewistownWorkCenter10932PutmanRoadThurmont,MD21782301-898-5443jmullican@dnr.state.md.us

Co-Authors:MarkToms(MarylandDepartmentofNaturalResources:InlandFisheries)andJoshHenesy(MarylandDepartmentofNaturalResources:InlandFisheries)

Brooktrout(Salvelinusfontinalis)populationsintheCatoctinMountainregionofMarylandarecurrentlyrestrictedtoverysmallheadwaterstreams.Someofthesepopulationsarecompetingwithnaturalizedpopulationsofnon-nativebrowntrout(Salmotrutta)thatprovidepopularsportfisheries.Long-termmonitoringdatasince1988wereexaminedtodeterminebrooktroutpopulationtrendsandtheirrelationshiptopopulationsofbrowntrout.Adult(yearlingandolder)biomassanddensityestimateswerecalculatedfrom3passremoval–depletiondatausinglinearregressionandmaximumlikelihoodestimates.Linearregressionofnaturallogtransformedtimeseriespopulationdatawasusedtodeterminetherateofchangeandsignificanceatthe95%confidencelevel.Fourofthesevenstreamsexaminedshowedasignificantpositivetrendinadultbrooktroutbiomass.Threeofthesevenstreamsalsoshowedasignificantpositivetrendinthedensityofadultbrooktrout.Ofthethreestreamsthatsupportbothbrookandbrowntrout,asignificantpositivetrendinadultbrooktroutbiomasswasobservedintwo.BrooktroutintheCatoctinMountainregionarecontinuingtoflourish,eveninthepresenceofnaturalizedpopulationsofbrowntrout.

John Mullican graduated with a BS degree in Fisheries and Wildlife Management from Frostburg State University and has worked as a fisheries biologist/manager for the MD DNR Inland Fisheries Division for 22 years.

The Affects of a Spring Fish Kill on the Monocacy River Smallmouth Bass Fishery

JohnMullicanMarylandDepartmentofNaturalResources:InlandFisheriesLewistownWorkCenter10932PutmanRoadThurmont,MD21782301-898-5443jmullican@dnr.state.md.us

Co-Authors:MarkToms(MarylandDepartmentofNaturalResources:InlandFisheries)andJoshHenesy(MarylandDepartmentofNaturalResources:InlandFisheries)

Smallmouthbass(Micropterusdolomieu)areanimportantrecreationalsportfishintheMonocacyRiver.Asignificantfishkillprimarilyaffectingadultsmallmouthbassandsuckerspeciesoccurredduringthespringof2009.Theextensivevarietyofopportunisticandprimarypathogensisolatedfromclinicallydiseasedbasssuggestsageneralizedimmunosuppression.Theonsetofdiseasecausedbytheseorganismsismostoftenassociatedwithacuteorchronicstress.Surveysofthebasspopulationwereconductedtodocumenttheimpactthisfishkillhadonthesportfishery.Smallmouthbassbiomassanddensitywereestimatedfrom3-passremoval–depletionsamplingdataattwositesusingmaximumlikelihoodestimatesduring2008and2009.Additionalsizedistributionandcatchpereffortdatawerecollectedduring2010bysingle-passboatelectrofishing.Totalsmallmouthbassbiomassdecreased56%from2008to2009.Thebiomassofquality-size(279mm)andlargerbassdecreased70%.Similardeclinesindensitywerealsoobserved.Theproportionofquality-sizebassimprovedin2010,butcatchratesremainedbelowpre-fishkilllevels.

John Mullican graduated with a BS degree in Fisheries and Wildlife Management from Frostburg State University and has worked as a fisheries biologist/manager for the MD DNR Inland Fisheries Division for 22 years.

Mitten Crab WATCH: Citizen Scientist Key to Understanding the Spread and Population of Recently Introduced Chinese Mitten Crabs

MonacaNobleBiologist/PublicRelationsCoordinatorMarineInvasionsLaboratorySmithsonianEnvironmentalResearchCenter647ConteesWharfRdEdgewater,MD21037443-482-2467http://www.serc.si.edu/labs/marine_invasions/Co-Authors:DarrickSparks,CairnFerranteandGregoryRuiz

ChineseMittenCrabs(Eriocheirsinensis)arenativetoEastAsiaandhaveonlyrecentlybeendiscoveredalongtheEastCoastoftheUnitedStates.IntheUnitedStatestheyareestablishedinSanFranciscoBay,theChesapeakeBayandtheHudsonRiver.SeveralnegativeeconomicandecologicalimpactshaveensuedinSanFranciscoBaysincetheirarrivalinthe1980s,includingdamagetofisheries,fishpassagefacilitiesdesignedtohelpfishmigrate,andthestructuralintegrityofbanksandleveesduetocrabburrows.ThefirstconfirmedmittencrabontheEastCoastwascaughtbyacommercialcrabberintheChesapeakeBaynearBaltimore,MD,in2005.DuetotheirrecentarrivalandlowabundanceintheChesapeakeBayandintheHudsonRiver,theirimpactinthisregionisunknown.Inordertostoptheirspread,theSmithsonianEnvironmentalResearchCenterontheChesapeakeBayhaslaunchedanewwebsite(http://mittencrab.nisbase.org/)thatmakesiteasiertoreportmittencrabssightings.Understandingwherethesecrabsarelocatedandtheirabundanceisacriticalfirststepincontrollingtheirspreadandmitigatingfutureimpacts.Recruitingthehelpofobservantandthoughtfulcitizensaswellaslocalgroupswhoareconductingstreamsurveysisacriticaltothiseffort.WeaimtoinformparticipantsoftheMarylandStreamThirdMarylandStreamsSymposiumandMid-AtlanticVolunteerMonitoringConferencesotheycanincludeChineseMittenCrabsintheirsurveysandwillknowhowtosubmitthesedatatoMittenCrabWatch.

Monaca Noble, Biologist/Public Relations CoordinatorMarine Invasions Laboratory, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center M.Sc. in Environmental Sciences and Resources (2007) Portland State University. B.S. in Fisheries and Wildlife Management (1998) Utah State University. Conducts research on various ballast water exchange related topics including verification, develops content for the website, manages citizen science programs, and other public relations tasks.

Identifying the Sources and Transformations of Nitrogen in Streams Using 15N and 18O of Nitrate

RobinPaulmanCenterforEnvironmentalScience,AppalachianLibraryUniversityofMaryland301BraddockRoadFrostburg,Maryland21532301-689-7101rpaulman@umces.edu

Co-Authors:DavidM.Nelson(CenterforEnvironmentalScience,AppalachianLaboratory)

Assessmentofthemostcost-effectiveandsustainablepracticesforrestoringandpreservingwaterqualityinstreamsanddown-streamreceivingbodiesrequiresidentificationofthesourcesandin-streamprocessingofnitrogeninsurfacewaters.ThemajorsourcesofnitrogentoaquaticenvironmentsinMarylandincludefertilizers,mineralizationinsoils,animalandhumanwaste,andatmosphericdeposition.Thesemultiplepossiblesources,aswellasbiogeochemicaltransformationsofnitrogen(e.g.duringdenitrification),makeitdifficulttodeterminetherelativeimportanceofdifferentsourcesofnitratetosurfacewatersusingtraditionalmeasurements,suchasconcentrationandfluxdata.Dualisotope(15Nand18O)analysisofnitrateinsurfacewatershasrecentlyemergedasavaluabletoolforassessingthesources,sinks,andtransformationsofnitrateinsurfacewatersthankstothenaturalvariationsthatexistintheisotopiccompositionofitsmajorsources.Forexample,nitratederivedfromnitrificationofsewageandanimalwasteistypicallymoreenrichedin15N-NO3-thannitratederivedfromnitrificationoffertilizers,anddenitrificationcausestheresidualnitratepooltohavemorepositivevaluesof15N-NO3-and18O-NO3-thantheoriginalnitratesource.RecentstudiesinthenortheasternUnitedStatesalsodemonstratethat15N-NO3-and18O-NO3-ofstreamwaterarerelatedtobroadcategoriesofland-use,suchasurban,agriculture,andforest,andtheyalsosuggestthatsmalltomediumdrainagesdominatedbyoneortwomainformsoflandusearemostusefulfordistinguishingnitratesources

andhydrologicandbiogeochemicalinfluencesonnitratetransportinstreams.TherecentlyestablishedCentralAppalachiansStableIsotopeFacility(CASIF)attheAppalachianLaboratoryisoneofalimitednumbersoflabsinNorthAmericathatperformsdualisotopeanalysisofnitrateusingthedenitrifiermethod.OurposterwilldescribetheisotopiccompositionofthemajorsourcesofNtoecosystems,strengthsandweaknessofthedualisotopeapproach,methodologicaldetails,aswellaspreliminary15N-NO3-and18O-NO3-datafromMBSSsamples.

Freshwater Sponges in the Mid-Atlantic Region

TonyaWattsNationalParkServiceCenterforUrbanEcology4598MacArthurBlvd.N.W.Washington,DC20007240-432-0834

AbetterunderstandingoffreshwaterspongesandtheirhabitatinMid-AtlanticStatesisneeded.Spongillidae,thefamilyofsponges(Porifera)thatincludesfreshwatertypesareobscure,sessile,benthic,filter-feedinginvertebratesthatliveinvariousfreshwatersystems.Theyfilterorganicparticlesfromthewaterandalsoserveasafoodsourceforotherbenthos.FreshwaterspongesarepotentiallyabiologicalcontroloftheinvasiveZebramussel,Dreissenapolymorpha.WatermonitoringstaffwiththeNationalCapitalRegionNetwork’sInventoryandMonitoringProgram(NationalParkService)recentlydiscoveredcoloniesoffreshwaterspongesinPrinceWilliamForestPark,Virginia.KlausRuetzler(SmithsonianInstitute)identifieditasMueller’sfreshwatersponge,Ephydatiamuelleri.OtherrecentobservationsindicatethatspongesmaybemorecommonthanweknowinVirginiaandMaryland.Littleisknownabouttheseorganismsduetothelackofresearch,specimensandpublishedliterature.Furtherstudyoffreshwaterspongesisnecessary,includingbasicinventoriesofspeciesandlocations,aswellashabitatandchemicalcharacterizationofwherefreshwaterspongesarefound.Becauselittleisknownaboutthepresenceanddistributionoffreshwatersponges,notonlyintheMD,DC,VAareabutacrosstheUnitedStates,thisinformationshouldbewidelydistributedamongnaturalresourceprofessionalswithinthewatermonitoringcommunity.

Tonya Watts has an A.A.S. in Environmental Science and currently works as a Hydrologic Technician for the National Park Service (NPS). She conducts water quality monitoring for the NPS Inventory & Monitoring program in the National Capital Region, with a special interest in freshwater sponges.