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The major goal ofhumanism innorthern Europe
was to reformChristendom.
Main Ideas
The Protestant ReformationThe Protestant Reformation
Martin Luthers
religious reformsled to theemergence of
Protestantism.
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I do not accept the authority
of popes and councils my
conscience is captive to the
word of God. Here I stand
and I can not do otherwise.
God help me. Amen. Martin Luther April 18Martin Luther April 18thth, 1521, 1521
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The Protestant ReformationThe Protestant Reformation
Christian humanistsChristian humanistsbelieved in the ability ofhuman beings to reasonreasonand improveand improvethemselvesthemselves.
They wanted to reformreformthe Catholic Church.
This reform would occurthrough developing innerinnerpietypiety, or religious feeling,based on studying theworks of Christianity not rules & ritualsnot rules & rituals.
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Erasmus and Christian HumanismErasmus and Christian Humanism
The
best knownChristian humanist
was DesideriusDesideriusErasmus.Erasmus.
He developed what hecalled the philosophy ofthe philosophy ofChrist,Christ, meant to show
people how to live goodlives on a daily basisrather than how to achievesalvation.
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Erasmus laid the egg that Luther hatched.Erasmus laid the egg that Luther hatched.
In his 1509 work The Praise of FollyThe Praise of Folly, he especially
criticized the monks.
He did not wish to break from the church,He did not wish to break from the church,
just reform it.just reform it.
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Between 1450 and 1520 a
series of popes failed tomeet the Churchs spiritualneeds.
They were moreconcerned with thepolitical interests of thePapal States.
Julius IIJulius II, the warrior-pope, even led armiesagainst his enemies.
Many people weredisgusted with him and theCatholic Church.
Religion on the Eve of the ReformationReligion on the Eve of the Reformation
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Church CorruptionChurch Corruption
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Church officials seemed ignorant of their
spiritual duties, especially instructing thefaithful on achieving: salvationsalvationacceptance into Heaven.acceptance into Heaven.
As a result, obtaining salvation becamealmost mechanical; by collecting relics, forexample.
Venerating a saint could gain an
indulgenceindulgencerelease from all or partof punishment for sinaccording to theChurch of the time.
Religion on the Eve of the ReformationReligion on the Eve of the Reformation
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IndulgencesIndulgences
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Johann Tetzels Slogan:Johann Tetzels Slogan:
As soon as the coin inAs soon as the coin in
the coffer rings, thethe coffer rings, thesoul from purgatorysoul from purgatory
springs!springs!
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MartinMartin
LutherLuther--
GermanyGermany
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95 Theses:95 Theses:
Posted them tothe door
Reform topicsfor debate
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Martin Lutherwas a monk andprofessorat the University ofWittenberg, where he lectured on the
Bible. Through his study of the Bible,
Luther came to reject theCatholic teaching that both faithand good works were necessary
for salvation.
He believed humandeeds were
powerless to affectGod and thatsalvation wasthrough faith alone.
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Show Luther Movie TrailerShow Luther Movie Trailer
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The Edict of Wormsmade Luther an outlawin the empire.
His books were to be burned and Lutherdelivered to the emperor.
Luthers local ruler,however, protectedhim.
Lutheranism became the first Protestant faith.
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The Reformation in England
Not religion but politics brought
about the English Reformation.
King Henry VIII wanted to divorcehis first wife, Catherine ofAragon,whom he thought could not give him
a male heir.
The pope was unwilling to annul(declare invalid) his marriage,however, and Henry turned toEnglands church courts.
The archbishop of Canterbury ruledthat Henrys marriage to Catherinewas null and void.
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Henry VIIIHenry VIII--King ofKing of
EnglandEngland
I need a divorce! (andI need a divorce! (and
a low carb diet)a low carb diet)
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Catherine ofCatherine of
AragonAragon
1st queen of KingHenry VIII
Could not bear amale heir to thethrone
All Children diedat childbirth
except forMary
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AnneAnne
BoleynBoleyn
In Catherine ofAragons court
Caught the eye of
Henry VIII Bore the
daughterE
lizabeth Could not
produce male heir- Anne Executed
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The Reformation in England (cont.)
Henry then married
Anne Boleyn, whowas crowned queenand who gave birthto a girl.
The child later
wouldbecomeQueen Elizabeth I.
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The Invisible Princess: ElizabethsThe Invisible Princess: Elizabeths
DiaryDiary
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The Wives of Henry VIIIThe Wives of Henry VIII
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Henry VIIIHenry VIII -- Marriage LengthsMarriage Lengths
The Wives ofThe Wives ofHenry VIIIHenry VIII
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The Anabaptists andEffects on the Role of Women
The radical Anabaptists
rejected the involvement ofthe state in church affairs.
To them the true Christianchurch was a voluntary
community of adultbelieverswho had undergone spiritual
rebirth and had then beenbaptized.
This belief in adult baptismseparated the Anabaptistsfrom both Catholics andProtestants, who baptized
infants.
Today the Anabaptists include:
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The Result of the Protestant
Reformation
Find your religion on thefollowing slides.
(do not need to copy tostudy for the test, just FYI)
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Prt t t
t li
i r Ot r
t r Ort
t li
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